Light emitting element with a plurality of cells bonded, method of manufacturing the same, and light emitting device using the same

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/685,145, filed on Jan. 11, 2010, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/571,499, filed on Dec. 29, 2006, which is the National Stage of International Application No. PCT/KR05/02033, filed on Jun. 29, 2005, and claims priority from and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 2004-0104569, filed on Dec. 11, 2004, Korean Patent Application No. 2004-0087379, filed on Oct. 29, 2004, and Korean Patent Application No. 2004-0049906, filed on Jun. 30, 2004, which are all hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a light emitting element with a plurality of cells bonded, a method of manufacturing the same, and a light emitting device using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a single light emitting element with a plurality of light emitting cells arrayed on a single substrate, a method of manufacturing the same, and a light emitting device using the same.

2. Discussion of the Background

A light emitting diode refers to an element in which minority carriers (electrons or holes) injected using a p-n junction structure of a semiconductor are produced and certain light is emitted through recombination thereof. Such light emitting diodes have been used as display devices and backlights, and studies on application of the light emitting diodes to general illumination have been actively conducted.

This is because light emitting diodes have less electric power consumption and longer lifespan as compared with existing bulbs or fluorescent lamps. That is, this is because the electric power consumption of light emitting diodes is only one severalth to one several tenth, and the lifespan thereof is several to several ten times as compared with existing illuminators, thereby achieving reduced electric power consumption and excellent durability.

Generally, to use a light emitting diode for the purpose of illumination, light emitting elements are formed through a separate packaging process, the plurality of light emitting elements are connected in series by means of wire bonding, and a protection circuit, an alternate current/direct current (AC/DC) converter and the like are installed at the outside of the light emitting elements so that the light emitting diode can be manufactured in the form of a lamp.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> is a conceptual diagram illustrating a conventional light emitting device.

Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>, a light emitting device for general illumination is manufactured by serially connecting a plurality of light emitting elements <b>10</b><i>a </i>to <b>10</b><i>c </i>each of which has a light emitting chip mounted thereon. To this end, the plurality of light emitting elements <b>10</b><i>a </i>to <b>10</b><i>c </i>are arrayed in series, and the light emitting chips within the different light emitting elements are electrically connected in series through a metal wiring process. Such a manufacturing process is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,463,280. However, if a light emitting device for general illumination having the aforementioned structure is manufactured according to the prior art, there is a problem in that the metal wiring process should be performed for a large number of elements one by one so that processing steps increase in number and are complicated. As the number of the process steps increases, a fraction defective also increases, thereby impeding mass production. Further, there may be a case where metal wiring becomes a short circuit due to a certain shock so that the operations of light emitting elements are stopped. Furthermore, there is a disadvantage in that spaces occupied due to serial array of respective light emitting elements are expanded so that the size of a lamp considerably becomes large.

An array of microchips at a wafer level rather than the array of light emitting chips at an element level described above is disclosed Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2004-9818. This relates to a display apparatus, wherein light emitting cells are arrayed in a matrix form such that a light emitting diode for inducing luminescence is disposed in each pixel. However, different electric signals should be applied in respective vertical and horizontal directions and the electric signals should be supplied in an address manner so as to cause the elements arranged in the matrix form to emit light, which is very difficult to control. Further, wiring may be disconnected due to the array in the form of a matrix, and a great deal of interference occurs in wire-overlapping areas. Furthermore, there is a problem in that the aforementioned matrix-shaped structure is not applicable to a light emitting device for illumination to which a high voltage is applied.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the present invention is conceived to solve the aforementioned problems. An object of the present invention is to provide a light emitting element with arrayed light emitting cells, a method of manufacturing the same, and a light emitting device using the same, wherein a light emitting diode lamp can be manufactured using a single chip type light emitting element with a plurality of light emitting cells connected in series, and the process of manufacturing the lamp can be simplified and have a reduced fraction defective through electrical connection of the plurality of light emitting cells at a wafer level, thereby providing benefits in mass production.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a light emitting element, comprising a light emitting cell block with a plurality of light emitting cells connected to one another in series or parallel on a single substrate.

The light emitting cell block may comprise the plurality of light emitting cells each of which includes an N-type semiconductor layer, an active layer formed in a pre-determined region on an upper surface of the N-type semiconductor layer, and a P-type semiconductor layer formed on the active layer; and a wire for connecting the N-type semiconductor layer of one light emitting cell to the P-type semiconductor layer of another adjacent light emitting cell. Further, the light emitting cell block may comprise the plurality of light emitting cells each of which has an N-type semiconductor layer, an active layer and a P-type semiconductor layer sequentially laminated; the substrate with the plurality of light emitting cells bonded thereto; and a wire for connecting the N-type semiconductor layer of one light emitting cell to the P-type semiconductor layer of another adjacent light emitting cell. An N-type pad may be formed on the N-type semiconductor layer, and a P-type pad may be formed on the P-type semiconductor layer.

At this time, the light emitting element may further comprise a rectifying bridge unit for applying predetermined rectified power to the light emitting cells. The light emitting element may further comprise electrodes for connecting an external AC source to the rectifying bridge unit. The light emitting element may further comprise electrodes for connecting the light emitting cells and the rectifying bridge unit to an external power source or an external element. Light emitting cell blocks with light emitting cells connected in series may be connected in reverse parallel on the substrate. The substrate may be made of a thermally conductive material. The light emitting element may further comprise an insulation film formed on a top surface of the thermally conductive substrate if the substrate has electrical conductivity; and an electrode pattern interposed between the insulation film and the light emitting cells.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a light emitting element, comprising the steps of preparing a plurality of light emitting cells each of which has an N-type semiconductor layer and a P-type semiconductor layer; and connecting the N-type semiconductor layer of one light emitting cell to the P-type semiconductor layer of an adjacent light emitting cell through a metallic wire. The step of preparing the plurality of light emitting cells may comprise the steps of sequentially forming the N-type semiconductor layer, an active layer and the P-type semiconductor layer on a parent substrate; exposing a portion of the N-type semiconductor layer; and electrically insulating the individual light emitting cells. The step of preparing the plurality of light emitting cells may comprise the steps of sequentially forming the N-type semiconductor layer, an active layer and the P-type semiconductor layer on a parent substrate; electrically insulating the individual light emitting cells by partially removing the P-type semiconductor layer, the active layer and the N-type semiconductor layer; bonding a host substrate on the electrically insulated P-type semiconductor layer; removing the parent substrate; and cutting the host substrate to form the individual light emitting cells. The method may further comprise the step of bonding the light emitting element on a substrate.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a light emitting device, comprising a light emitting element with a plurality of light emitting cells connected in series or parallel on a single substrate; a power source unit for applying predetermined power to the light emitting element; and a control unit for controlling waveforms of a voltage and a current applied to the light emitting element.

According to the present invention, it is possible to manufacture a light emitting device capable of being used for illumination through a single light emitting element with a plurality of light emitting cells connected in series.

Further, since a plurality of light emitting cells are electrically connected at a wafer level, it is possible to manufacture a light emitting element capable of emitting light with a high voltage and a household AC power source.

Furthermore, since a light emitting element with a plurality of light emitting cells electrically connected on a substrate is used, it is possible to simplify a manufacturing process of a light emitting device for illumination, to decrease a fraction defective occurring in manufacturing a light emitting device for illumination, and to mass-produce the light emitting device for illumination.

In addition, electrodes of a light emitting element chip and a predetermined rectifying circuit are connected to minimize a ripple factor in AC driving, thereby maximizing light emitting efficiency and to control a load on an LED array through connection of a resistor, thereby protecting the light emitting element chip.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> is a conceptual diagram illustrating a conventional light emitting device.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2</figref> is a sectional view of a unit light emitting cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref> shows sectional views of a light emitting element with arrayed light emitting cells according to an embodiment of the present invention.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref> is a sectional view of a unit light emitting cell according to another embodiment of the present invention.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref> shows sectional views illustrating a method of manufacturing a light emitting element with arrayed light emitting cells according to a first modified example of the other embodiment of the present invention.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 6</figref> is a sectional view illustrating a method of manufacturing a light emitting element with arrayed light emitting cells according to a second modified example of the other embodiment of the present invention.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> shows sectional views illustrating a method of manufacturing a light emitting element with arrayed light emitting cells according to a third modified example of the other embodiment of the present invention.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8</figref> is a conceptual diagram illustrating a light emitting element according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 9</figref> is a conceptual diagram illustrating a light emitting element according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10</figref> is a conceptual diagram illustrating a light emitting element according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 11</figref> is a conceptual diagram illustrating a light emitting element according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 12</figref> is a conceptual diagram illustrating a light emitting element according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref> is a conceptual diagram illustrating a light emitting element according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref> is a conceptual diagram illustrating a light emitting device according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments but may be implemented into different forms. These embodiments are provided only for illustrative purposes and for full understanding of the scope of the present invention by those skilled in the art. Throughout the drawings, like components are designated by like reference numerals.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2</figref> shows a sectional view of a unit light emitting cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2</figref>, a light emitting cell <b>100</b> comprises a substrate <b>20</b>; a buffer layer <b>30</b>, an N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b>, an active layer <b>50</b> and a P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b>, which are sequentially laminated on the substrate <b>20</b>; an N-type bonding pad (see reference numeral <b>95</b> in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref><i>a</i>) formed on an exposed region of the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b>; and a P-type bonding pad (see reference numeral <b>90</b> in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref><i>a</i>) formed on the P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b>.

In this case, an N-type resistive connection film (not shown) and a P-type resistive connection film (not shown) may be further provided below the N-type bonding pad and the P-type bonding pad, respectively. Moreover, a transparent electrode layer <b>70</b> may be further provided between the P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b> and the P-type bonding pad. In addition, metallic electrodes may be formed on the semiconductor layers <b>40</b> and <b>60</b> to connect adjacent cells to each other.

The substrate <b>20</b> refers to a typical wafer for use in manufacturing a light emitting diode, and it is preferred that the substrate <b>20</b> be made of any one of Al₂O₃, SiC, ZnO, Si, GaAs, GaP, LiAl₂O₃, BN, AN and GaN. This embodiment employs a sapphire substrate <b>20</b> for crystal growth.

The buffer layer <b>30</b> is a layer for reducing lattice mismatch between the substrate <b>20</b> and the subsequent layers upon growth of crystals and contains GaN that is a semiconductor material. The N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b> is a layer in which electrons are produced, and is composed of an N-type compound semiconductor layer and an N-type cladding layer. At this time, GaN doped with N-type impurities is used for the N-type compound semiconductor layer. The P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b> is a layer in which holes are produced, and is composed of a P-type cladding layer and a P-type compound semiconductor layer. At this time, AlGaN doped with P-type impurities is used for the P-type compound semiconductor layer.

The active layer <b>50</b> is a region in which a predetermined band gap and a quantum well are formed so that electrons and holes are recombined. The active layer contains InGaN. Further, the wavelength of emitted light, which is generated due to the combination of an electron and a hole, varies depending on the kind of a material constituting the active layer <b>50</b>. Therefore, it is preferred that a semiconductor material contained in the active layer <b>50</b> be controlled depending on a target wavelength.

The N-type and P-type bonding pads are pads for use in electrically connecting the light emitting cell <b>100</b> to metallic wiring and may be formed to have a structure with laminated Ti/Au. Further, the aforementioned transparent electrode layer <b>70</b> performs the function of uniformly transmitting a voltage input through the P-type boding pad to the P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b>.

As described above, the light emitting cell <b>100</b> of the present invention refers to a horizontal light emitting chip formed on the sapphire substrate <b>20</b>. In the present invention, since one light emitting element is manufactured using a plurality of light emitting chips rather than one light emitting chip, a conventional light emitting chip is referred to as a light emitting cell.

A method of manufacturing the aforementioned light emitting cell will be briefly described below.

The buffer layer <b>30</b>, the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b>, the active layer <b>50</b> and the P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b> are sequentially formed on the sapphire substrate <b>20</b> by means of crystal growth. The transparent electrode layer <b>70</b> may be further formed on the P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b>. The respective layers are formed through various kinds of deposition and epitaxy methods for depositing the aforementioned materials, including MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition), MBE (Molecular Beam Epitaxy), MBE (Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy), and the like.

Thereafter, a photo etching process using a mask is performed so that a portion of the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b> is opened. In other words, the P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b>, the active layer <b>50</b> and the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b> are partially removed through an etching process using the mask as an etching mask so as to expose a portion of the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b>. At this time, the mask is formed using a photoresist into a shape in which a region where an N-type pad is to be formed can be opened and each cell can be electrically insulated. The etching process is performed using a wet etching process or a dry etching process. In this embodiment, a dry etching process using plasma is effective.

Each light emitting cell <b>100</b> is electrically separated by continuously performing the etching process. In other words, the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b> and the buffer layer <b>30</b> are etched until the sapphire substrate <b>20</b> is exposed, thereby insulating each cell.

Although the etching can be performed using a single mask as described above, it may be performed using different masks. In other words, first etching using a first mask may be performed to open a region where an N-type pad is formed, and second etching using a second mask may be performed to open a predetermined region for electrically separating light emitting cells <b>100</b>.

After the mask is removed, the N-type pad is formed on the exposed portion of the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b> and the P-type pad is formed on the P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b>.

As described above, the present invention manufactures a light emitting element by arranging the unit light emitting cells in series or parallel. This will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawing.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref> shows sectional views of a light emitting element with arrayed cells according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref>, the light emitting element of the present invention has a plurality of light emitting cells <b>100</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>100</b>-<i>n </i>connected to one another in series. That is, the light emitting element comprises the plurality of light emitting cells <b>100</b> in which the N-type semiconductor layers <b>40</b> and the P-type semiconductor layers <b>60</b> of the adjacent light emitting cells <b>100</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>100</b>-<i>n </i>are electrically connected, an N-type pad <b>95</b> is formed on the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b> of a light emitting cell <b>100</b>-<i>n </i>located at one end of the light emitting element, and a P-type pad <b>90</b> is formed on the P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b> of a light emitting cell <b>100</b>-<b>1</b> located at the other end thereof.

The N-type semiconductor layers <b>40</b> and the P-type semiconductor layers <b>60</b> of the adjacent light emitting cells <b>100</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>100</b>-<i>n </i>are electrically connected to each other using metallic wires <b>80</b>. Further, in the present invention, it is effective that the plurality of light emitting cells <b>100</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>100</b>-<i>n </i>can be connected in series to be driven by a supplied AC voltage. In the present invention, the number of light emitting cells <b>10</b> connected in series or parallel may greatly vary depending on a voltage/current for driving a single light emitting cell <b>100</b> and an AC driving voltage applied to a light emitting element for illumination. Preferably, 10 to 1000 cells are connected in series, and more preferably, it is effective to connect 30 to 70 cells in series. For example, in driving with an AC voltage of 220V, a light emitting element is manufactured by serially connecting 66 or 67 unit light emitting cells each of which is operated with a voltage of 3.3V at a certain current. Further, in driving with an AC voltage of 110V, a light emitting element is manufactured by serially connecting 33 or 34 unit light emitting cells each of which is operated with a voltage of 3.3V at a certain current.

As shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref><i>a</i>, in the light emitting element with the first to n-th light emitting cells <b>100</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>100</b>-<i>n </i>connected in series, the P-type pad <b>90</b> is formed on the P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b> of the first light emitting cell <b>100</b>-<b>1</b>, and the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b> of the first light emitting cell <b>100</b>-<b>1</b> and the P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b> of the second light emitting cell <b>100</b>-<b>2</b> are connected through a first wire <b>80</b>-<b>1</b>. Further, the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b> of the third light emitting cell <b>100</b>-<b>3</b> and a P-type semiconductor layer (not shown) of the fourth light emitting cell (not shown) are connected through a second wire <b>80</b>-<b>2</b>. An N-type semiconductor layer (not shown) of the (n−2)-th light emitting cell (not shown) and a P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b> of the (n−1)-th light emitting cell <b>100</b>-<i>n−</i>1 are connected through an (n−1)-th wire <b>80</b>-<i>n−</i>1, and an N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b> of the (n−1)-th light emitting cell <b>100</b>-<i>n−</i>1 and a P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b> of the n-th light emitting cell <b>100</b>-<i>n </i>are connected through an n-th wire <b>80</b>-<i>n</i>. Further, the N-type pad <b>95</b> is formed on the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b> of the n-th light emitting cell <b>100</b>-<i>n</i>. At this time, pads that are metallic electrodes are formed on the respective semiconductor layers so that these pads are connected through wiring.

The substrate <b>20</b> in the present invention may be a substrate on which a plurality of light emitting elements can be manufactured. Accordingly, a zone designated by “A” as shown <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 3</figref><i>a </i>and <b>3</b><i>b </i>refers to a cutting zone for separately cutting the plurality of elements.

Further, in the aforementioned light emitting element, first to fourth diodes (not shown) for rectifying an external AC voltage may be formed on an identical substrate. The first to fourth diodes are arranged in the form of a rectification bridge. Rectification nodes among the first to fourth diodes may be connected to N-type or P-type pads of the respective light emitting cells. The first to the fourth diodes may be used for light emitting cells.

A method of manufacturing the light emitting element with the aforementioned plurality of light emitting cells connected in series will be briefly described below.

The buffer layer <b>30</b>, the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b>, the active layer <b>50</b> and the P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b> are sequentially formed by means of crystal growth on the sapphire substrate <b>20</b>. The transparent electrode layer <b>70</b> may be further formed on the P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b>.

A portion of the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b> is opened through a predetermined patterning process, and each light emitting cell <b>100</b> is electrically insulated. In the patterning process, a photoresist is applied on the whole structure, and a photoresist mask (not shown) with predetermined open regions is formed through a predetermined lithography process. The predetermined regions refer to regions between adjacent light emitting cells <b>100</b> and regions corresponding to portions of the N-type semiconductor layers <b>40</b> to be opened. The P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b> and the active layer <b>50</b> are etched by performing an etching process using the photoresist mask as an etching mask, so that the portion of the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b> can be opened. A portion of the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b> is etched by continuously performing the etching process to form and electrically insulate each light emitting cell <b>100</b>.

In addition, a portion of the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b> may be opened by performing a plurality of patterning processes to insulate each light emitting cell. That is, as shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref><i>a</i>, a portion of the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b> is exposed by partially etching the P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b>, the active layer <b>50</b> and the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b>, and each of the light emitting cells <b>100</b> is electrically insulated by etching the P-type semiconductor layer <b>60</b>, the active layer <b>50</b>, the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b> and the buffer layer <b>30</b> through an additional process. Moreover, as shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref><i>b</i>, each of the light emitting cells <b>100</b> may be electrically insulated by performing etching only down to the N-type semiconductor layer <b>40</b>. The etching process used in the patterning processes may be a wet etching process or a dry etching process. It is effective to perform a dry etching process using plasma in this embodiment.

By using a process identical to the aforementioned manufacturing process, diodes for a rectification bridge may be formed together. It will be apparent that diodes for a rectification bridge may be separately formed through a typical semiconductor manufacturing process.

Thereafter, the conductive wires <b>80</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>80</b>-<i>n </i>for electrically connecting the N-type semiconductor layers <b>40</b> and the P-type semiconductor layers <b>60</b> of the adjacent light emitting cells <b>100</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>100</b>-<i>n </i>are formed through a predetermined process such as a bridge process or step coverage. The conductive wires <b>80</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>80</b>-<i>n </i>are formed of a conductive material and preferably using a silicone compound doped with metallic impurities.

The aforementioned bridge process is also referred to as an air bridge process, wherein a photoresist pattern is formed between chips to be connected to each other by applying and developing a photoresist solution using a photo process, a thin film is first formed thereon through a method such as vacuum vapor deposition with a material such as metal, and a conductive material including gold (Au) is again applied thereon to be a predetermined thickness through a method such as plating or metal vapor deposition. Thereafter, when the photoresist pattern is removed by a solution such as a solvent, all parts below the conductive material are removed and only the conductive material in the form of a bridge is formed in space.

Further, in the step coverage process, only connection portions between chips to be connected to each other are left by applying and developing a photoresist solution using a photo process and the other portions are covered with a photoresist pattern, and a conductive material including gold (Au) is applied thereon to be a predetermined thickness through a method such as plating or metal vapor deposition. Subsequently, when the photoresist pattern is removed by a solution such as a solvent, all the other portions excluding the portions covered with the conductive material are removed so that the only covered portions can be left to perform the function of electrically connecting the chips to each other.

Meanwhile, the P-type pad <b>90</b> and the N-type pad <b>95</b> for electrical connection with the outside are formed on the light emitting cells <b>100</b>-<b>1</b> and <b>100</b>-<i>n </i>located at both ends of the light emitting element, respectively. Diodes for a rectification bridge may be connected to each of the P-type pad <b>90</b> and the N-type pad <b>95</b>. Alternatively, additional conductive wires may be connected to the P-type pad <b>90</b> and the N-type pad <b>95</b>.

The aforementioned method of manufacturing the light emitting element of the present invention is only a specific embodiment and is not limited thereto. Various processes and manufacturing methods may be modified or added depending on the characteristics of an element and convenience of a process. In addition, it is possible to manufacture a light emitting element by serially connecting vertical light emitting cells rather than the horizontal light emitting cells described above.

In the present invention, a plurality of individual vertical light emitting cells are bonded on a substrate, and different electrode pads of adjacent cells of the plurality of individual vertical light emitting cells are electrically connected. In other words, a light emitting element can be formed by connecting light emitting cells in series or parallel.

A vertical light emitting cell and a light emitting element with vertical light emitting cells connected in series or parallel will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Descriptions overlapping with the descriptions of the aforementioned horizontal light emitting cell and the light emitting element with horizontal light emitting cells connected in series or parallel will be omitted below.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref> shows a sectional view of a unit light emitting cell according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>, the unit light emitting cell of this embodiment is a vertical light emitting cell <b>200</b> in which an N-type pad <b>210</b>, an N-type semiconductor layer <b>220</b>, an active layer <b>230</b>, a P-type semiconductor layer <b>240</b> and a P-type pad <b>250</b> are sequentially laminated in structure. It will be apparent that various material layers may be further added depending on the characteristics of a light emitting cell.

When a method of manufacturing the vertical light emitting cell with the aforementioned structure is briefly reviewed, a buffer layer (not shown), an N-type semiconductor layer <b>220</b>, an active layer <b>230</b>, a P-type semiconductor layer <b>240</b> and a P-type pad <b>250</b> are sequentially formed on a parent substrate (not shown) by means of crystal growth. At this time, an ITO film (not shown) may be formed between the P-type semiconductor layer <b>240</b> and the P-type pad <b>250</b>.

The P-type pad <b>250</b>, the P-type semiconductor layer <b>240</b>, the active layer <b>230</b>, the N-type semiconductor layer <b>220</b> and the buffer layer are partially etched to electrically separate each light emitting cell. Thereafter, a conductive host substrate (not shown) is bonded to the P-type pad <b>250</b>, and the buffer layer and the parent substrate below the N-type semiconductor layer <b>220</b> are then removed through a laser liftoff process. The N-type pad <b>210</b> is formed beneath the N-type semiconductor layer <b>220</b> and the host substrate is cut into individual light emitting cells to manufacture vertical light emitting cells <b>200</b>.

In this embodiment, various methods may be provided for manufacturing a light emitting element in which the light emitting cells with the aforementioned structure are bonded to the substrate and the light emitting cells are connected in series.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref> shows sectional views illustrating a method of manufacturing a light emitting element with arrayed cells according to a first modified example of the other embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref>, a plurality of vertical light emitting cells <b>200</b> each of which has an active layer <b>230</b> formed between an N-type semiconductor layer <b>220</b> and a P-type semiconductor layer <b>240</b>, and electrode pads <b>210</b> and <b>250</b> formed respectively on the N-type semiconductor layer <b>220</b> and the P-type semiconductor layer <b>240</b> are bonded to a substrate <b>201</b>.

A substrate made of at least one of Al₂O₃, SiC, ZnO, Si, GaAs, GaP, LiAl₂O₃, BN, AN and GaN, an insulating substrate made of resin, plastic or the like, or a substrate with excellent thermal conductivity may be used as the substrate <b>201</b>. If a conductive substrate is used, a substrate with an insulating layer formed thereon is used.

Thereafter, the light emitting cells <b>200</b> are bonded to the substrate <b>201</b> using pre-determined paste (not shown). At this time, the P-type pad <b>250</b> of the light emitting cell <b>200</b> is bonded to the substrate <b>201</b>. It will be apparent that both of them can be bonded using various bonding methods. Although the P-type pad <b>250</b> is bonded to the substrate <b>201</b> in this modified example, the N-type pad <b>210</b> may be bonded to the substrate <b>201</b>.

Next, the N-type pad <b>210</b>, N-type semiconductor layer <b>220</b>, the active layer <b>230</b> and the P-type semiconductor layer <b>240</b> are partially etched through a predetermined etching process so that a portion of the P-type pad <b>250</b> can be exposed. This achieves a configuration in which a portion of the P-type pad <b>250</b> is exposed at a lower portion of the light emitting cell <b>200</b>, as shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref>. Electrodes of adjacent light emitting cells <b>200</b> are connected through a predetermined wire forming process. That is, the exposed portion of the P-type pad <b>250</b> of one light emitting cell <b>200</b> and the N-type pad <b>210</b> of another light emitting cell <b>200</b> adjacent thereto are connected through a wire <b>260</b>. At this time, the conductive wire <b>260</b> for electrically connecting the N-type pad <b>210</b> and the P-type pad <b>250</b> of the adjacent light emitting cells are formed through a predetermined process such as a bridge process or step coverage.

All materials having conductivity as well as metal can be used for the wire <b>260</b>. The aforementioned wire forming process is not limited thereto but may be implemented in various manners. This will be described later.

An additional external terminal electrode (not shown) is formed on each of the P-type pad <b>250</b> of a light emitting cell <b>200</b> located at the one end of the light emitting element of the present invention and the N-type pad <b>210</b> of a light emitting cell <b>200</b> located at the other end thereof so that predetermined power can be input from the outside.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 6</figref> shows a sectional view illustrating a method of manufacturing a light emitting element with arrayed cells according to a second modified example of the other embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 6</figref>, as described in the previous modified example, vertical light emitting cells <b>200</b> are bonded to a substrate <b>201</b>, and a portion of a P-type pad <b>250</b> is then exposed through a predetermined etching process.

Thereafter, a predetermined insulation film <b>255</b> for preventing a short circuit with subsequent wiring is formed on the substrate <b>201</b> between the exposed portion of the P-type pad <b>250</b> and a light emitting cell <b>200</b> adjacent thereto. Then, electrodes of the adjacent light emitting cells <b>200</b> are connected through a wire <b>260</b> using a pre-determined metal wiring process. Such an insulation film <b>255</b> and wire <b>260</b> may be formed through a printing process or through a predetermined vapor deposition, patterning and etching process.

The manufacture of the light emitting element is not limited to the aforementioned process. Without performing an etching process for the light emitting cell, an electrode pattern having a width larger than that of the light emitting cell may be formed on the substrate and the light emitting cell may be then bonded to the electrode pattern. Although the P-type pad is bonded to the substrate in this modified example, an N-type pad may be bonded to the substrate.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> shows sectional views illustrating a method of manufacturing a light emitting element with arrayed cells according to a third modified example of the other embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 7(</figref><i>a</i>) and <b>7</b>(<i>b</i>), P-type pads <b>250</b> of vertical light emitting cells <b>200</b> are bonded to electrode patterns <b>202</b> formed on a substrate <b>201</b>.

The electrode patterns <b>202</b> formed on the substrate <b>201</b> may be arranged in various arrays for serially connecting the light emitting cells <b>200</b>. It will be apparent that the electrode patterns <b>202</b> are formed as many as the number of desired light emitting cells <b>200</b> and broader in width in one direction than that of each of the light emitting cells <b>200</b>. Further, each of the electrode patterns <b>202</b> is separated electrically and physically.

At this time, since the electrode patterns <b>202</b> are formed on the substrate <b>201</b> in this modified example, the electrode patterns <b>202</b> on the substrate <b>201</b> may be used as the P-type pads <b>250</b> without forming the P-type pad <b>250</b> on the light emitting cell <b>200</b>. Further, although the P-type pads <b>250</b> are bonded to the substrate <b>201</b> in this modified example, the N-type pads <b>210</b> may be bonded to the substrate <b>201</b>. At this time, the N-type pad <b>210</b> may not be formed.

Here, conductive paste is used to bond the P-type pads <b>250</b> of the light emitting cells <b>200</b> to the electrode patterns on the substrate <b>201</b>. It will be apparent that they can be bonded using other various bonding methods. At this time, as shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7(</figref><i>b</i>), the light emitting cell <b>200</b> is aligned with one side of the underlying electrode pattern <b>202</b> so that a portion of the other side of the underlying electrode pattern <b>202</b> is exposed.

Thereafter, an electrode pattern <b>202</b> with a light emitting cell <b>200</b> bonded thereto is electrically connected using a conductive wire <b>260</b> to an N-type pad <b>210</b> of an adjacent light emitting cell <b>200</b>. Therefore, the N-type pad <b>210</b> of the adjacent light emitting cell <b>200</b> is connected through the electrode pattern <b>202</b> and the wire <b>260</b> to a P-type pad <b>250</b> of the one light emitting cell <b>200</b> so that a plurality of light emitting cells <b>200</b> are connected in series.

The aforementioned modified examples are not limited themselves but conversion can be made therebetween. In other words, a plurality of semiconductor layers may be further added to form semiconductor layers. To connect adjacent light emitting cells to one another, the adjacent light emitting cells are electrically insulated by forming additional insulation films, and each electrode is then exposed to connect the adjacent light emitting cells using predetermined wires.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8</figref> is a conceptual diagram illustrating a light emitting element according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8</figref>, in the light emitting element <b>300</b> of this embodiment, a plurality of light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> connected in series are electrically connected to the outside.

In the light emitting element <b>300</b>, first and second electrodes <b>310</b> and <b>320</b> are formed on an N-type pad <b>95</b> or <b>210</b> and a P-type pad <b>90</b> or <b>250</b> through a wiring process, respectively. The first and the second electrodes <b>310</b> and <b>320</b> refer to an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, respectively. Accordingly, a single light emitting element <b>300</b> with the plurality of light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> connected in series is manufactured.

In addition, it is possible to provide a light emitting element with an additional controller added thereto so that the light emitting element can be operated even in AC driving.

This embodiment is not limited to the case where a plurality of light emitting cells are connected in series, but a light emitting element may be manufactured by connecting a plurality of light emitting cell blocks each of which has a plurality of serially connected light emitting cells in parallel. This will be described later.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 9</figref> is a conceptual diagram illustrating a light emitting element according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 9</figref>, at least two light emitting cell blocks <b>1000</b><i>a </i>and <b>1000</b><i>b </i>each of which has a plurality of serially connected light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> are connected to each other in reverse parallel between electrodes.

In <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 9</figref>, a first light emitting cell block <b>1000</b><i>a </i>and a second light emitting cell block <b>1000</b><i>b </i>are connected in parallel between first and second electrodes <b>310</b> and <b>320</b>. At this time, a cathode of the first light emitting cell block <b>1000</b><i>a </i>is connected to the first electrode <b>310</b>, and an anode thereof is connected to the second electrode <b>320</b>. Further, a cathode of the second light emitting cell block <b>1000</b><i>b </i>is connected to the second electrode <b>320</b>, and an anode thereof is connected to the first electrode <b>310</b>. This is only a specific embodiment, and two or more light emitting cell blocks <b>1000</b> may be connected in parallel. Further, each of the two light emitting cell blocks <b>1000</b><i>a </i>and <b>1000</b><i>b </i>connected in parallel may be configured to include light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> of which the number is half of the number of the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> described above. For example, if the number of light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> within a light emitting cell block <b>1000</b> included in the light emitting element <b>300</b> are forty, the forty light emitting cells can be divided into each twenty light emitting cells within the first light emitting cell block <b>1000</b><i>a </i>and the second light emitting cell block <b>1000</b><i>b</i>. It will be apparent that the number of light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> within the first and second cell blocks <b>1000</b><i>a </i>and <b>1000</b><i>b </i>is not limited thereto. However, it is preferred that the respective numbers of light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> within the first and second cell blocks <b>1000</b><i>a </i>and <b>1000</b><i>b </i>be the same to minimize variation in the brightness of the light emitting element.

The operation of the light emitting element according to the second embodiment of the present invention constructed as above will be explained below. If a positive (+) voltage is applied to the first electrode <b>310</b> and a negative (−) voltage is applied to the second electrode <b>320</b>, the second light emitting cell block <b>1000</b><i>b </i>emits light. Meanwhile, if a negative (−) voltage is applied to the first electrode <b>310</b> and a positive (+) voltage is applied to the second electrode <b>320</b>, the first light emitting cell block <b>1000</b><i>a </i>emits light. In other words, since the first and second light emitting cell blocks <b>1000</b><i>a </i>and <b>1000</b><i>b </i>alternately emit light even though external AC power is applied to the light emitting element, it is possible to use the light emitting element even with an AC power source. Further, since a power source used at home has a frequency of 60 Hz, there is no problem even in the case where two light emitting cell blocks <b>1000</b><i>a </i>and <b>1000</b><i>b </i>alternately emit light.

In addition, it is possible to manufacture a light emitting element including an additional bridge unit for a certain rectifying operation.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10</figref> is a conceptual diagram illustrating a light emitting element according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10</figref>, the light emitting element <b>300</b> of this embodiment comprises a plurality of light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> connected in series, a rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b> for applying a predetermined current to the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b>, and electrodes <b>310</b> and <b>320</b> connected to the rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b>.

In this embodiment, the plurality of light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> are electrically connected to an external power source not directly but through the rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b> connected to first and second electrodes <b>310</b> and <b>320</b>. The rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b> comprises a first diode D<b>1</b> connected to the first electrode <b>310</b> and an anode terminal of the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b>, a second diode D<b>2</b> connected to the second electrode <b>320</b> and an anode terminal of the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b>, a third diode D<b>3</b> connected to the second electrode <b>320</b> and a cathode terminal of the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b>, and a fourth diode D<b>4</b> connected to the first electrode <b>310</b> and the cathode terminal of the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b>. Thus, in the rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b>, a current is applied to the serially connected light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> through the bridge diodes D<b>1</b> and D<b>3</b> arranged in a forward direction when a forward voltage is applied, whereas a current is applied to the serially connected light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> through the bridge diodes D<b>2</b> and D<b>4</b> arranged in a reverse direction when a reverse voltage is applied. Accordingly, the light emitting element <b>300</b> continuously emits light regardless of whether a power source is an AC power source.

Further, the external power may be simultaneously applied to the rectifying bridge and the serially connected light emitting cells.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 11</figref> is a conceptual diagram illustrating a light emitting element according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 11</figref>, the light emitting element <b>300</b> of this embodiment comprises a plurality of light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> connected in series, a rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b> for applying a predetermined current to the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b>, and electrodes <b>310</b> to <b>340</b> connected to the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> and the rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b>.

In this embodiment, the plurality of serially connected light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> are electrically connected to an external power source through second and fourth electrodes <b>320</b> and <b>340</b>, and through the rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b> connected to first and third electrodes <b>310</b> and <b>330</b>. The same power source or different power sources may be connected to the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> and the rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b>.

The rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b> comprises a first diode D<b>1</b> connected between the first electrode <b>310</b> and the second electrode <b>320</b>, a second diode D<b>2</b> connected between the second electrode <b>320</b> and the third electrode <b>330</b>, a third diode D<b>3</b> connected between the third electrode <b>330</b> and the fourth electrode <b>340</b>, and a fourth diode D<b>4</b> connected between the fourth electrode <b>340</b> and the first electrode <b>310</b>. Here, the second electrode <b>320</b> and the fourth electrode <b>340</b> are connected to the anode and the cathode of the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b>, respectively.

In this embodiment, AC power is applied through the rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b>, and the second electrode <b>320</b> and the fourth electrode <b>340</b> are separately provided for use in connecting an external RC filter. DC power is applied directly to the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b>. Accordingly, the number of entire input/output electrode terminals in the light emitting element <b>300</b> of the present invention is four. In this case, two electrodes are provided for AC driving, and the other two electrodes are provided for use in connecting an RC filter in parallel. The function of the RC filter is to minimize a ripple factor in a current.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 12</figref> is a conceptual diagram illustrating a light emitting element according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 12</figref>, the light emitting element <b>300</b> of this embodiment comprises a plurality of light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> connected in series, a rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b> for applying a predetermined current to the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b>, electrodes <b>310</b> and <b>320</b> connected to the rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b>, a negative electrode <b>350</b> for external connection, which is connected to the rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b> and provided for controlling the resistance of an LED array, and a positive electrode <b>360</b> for DC, which is connected to the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b>.

In this embodiment, a resistor may be optionally connected in series between the positive electrode <b>360</b> of the plurality of serially connected light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> and the negative electrode <b>350</b> for external connection, thereby preventing overload.

The rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b> comprises a first diode D<b>1</b> connected between the first electrode <b>310</b> and the negative electrode <b>350</b> for external connection, a second diode D<b>2</b> connected between the negative electrode <b>350</b> for external connection and the second electrode <b>320</b>, a third diode D<b>3</b> connected between the second electrode <b>320</b> and the cathode of the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b>, and a fourth diode D<b>4</b> connected between the first electrode <b>310</b> and the cathode of the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref> is a conceptual diagram illustrating a light emitting element according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref>, the light emitting element <b>300</b> of this embodiment comprises a plurality of light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> connected in series, a rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b> for applying a predetermined current to the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b>, electrodes <b>310</b> to <b>340</b> connected to the rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b> and the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b>, and a negative electrode <b>350</b> for external connection, which is connected to the rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b>.

In this embodiment, the two terminals <b>310</b> and <b>330</b> of the rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b> are connected to an AC power source, and an RC circuit is connected to second and fourth electrodes <b>320</b> and <b>340</b> to which the plurality of serially connected light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> are connected, thereby minimizing a ripple factor in an AC current and preventing overload.

The rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b> comprises a first diode D<b>1</b> connected between the first electrode <b>310</b> and the negative electrode <b>350</b> for external connection, a second diode D<b>2</b> connected between the negative electrode <b>350</b> for external connection and the third electrode <b>330</b>, a third diode D<b>3</b> connected between the third electrode <b>330</b> and the fourth electrode <b>340</b>, and a fourth diode D<b>4</b> connected between the fourth electrode <b>340</b> and the first electrode <b>310</b>. Here, the fourth electrode <b>340</b> is connected to the cathode of the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b>.

In this embodiment, the number of entire input/output electrode terminals is five, and AC power is applied through the rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b>. Remaining electrodes are the negative electrode <b>350</b> for external connection, and the two electrodes <b>320</b> and <b>340</b> to which an RC circuit is connected in parallel.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref> is a conceptual diagram illustrating a light emitting device according to the present invention.

Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref>, the light emitting device comprises a power source unit <b>410</b>, a light emitting element <b>300</b> with a plurality of light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> connected in series, and a control unit <b>420</b> for controlling waveforms of a voltage and a current applied to the light emitting element <b>300</b>.

In this figure, AC power is applied by the power source unit <b>410</b>, and a parallel RC circuit and a serial resistor included in the control unit <b>420</b> are connected to the light emitting element <b>300</b>.

The control unit <b>420</b> includes a capacitor C<b>1</b> and a first resistor R<b>1</b>, which are connected in parallel to the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> within the light emitting element <b>300</b>. The control unit may further include a second resistor R<b>2</b> connected in series to the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b>.

The structure and operation of a light emitting device for illumination will be described in detail with reference to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref>.

The rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b> of the light emitting element <b>300</b> is connected to the AC power source. The second resistor R<b>2</b> and the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b> are connected in series between two nodes of the rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b>, to which the first and second terminals are not connected. Further, the second resistor R<b>2</b> and the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b>, which are connected in series to each other, are connected in parallel to the first capacitor C<b>1</b> and the first resistor R<b>1</b>.

Therefore, if AC power is applied to the light emitting device, positive and negative currents divided through the rectifying bridge unit <b>301</b> in the light emitting element <b>300</b> is applied in both directions of the light emitting cells <b>100</b> and <b>200</b>, thereby sequentially emitting light. Further, the waveform of the current is controlled due to the capacitor C<b>1</b> and the resistors R<b>1</b> and R<b>2</b>, which are connected in parallel.