Use of glass enamel coating compositions as an anti-sticking agent

Glass enamel paint compositions are well known to those skilled in the art. These materials can be utilized for a variety of applications but are of particular use in decorating glass sheets. For example, the coatings may be used to form borders around the edge of glass sheets which are converted into windshields, sidelites or backlites in motor vehicles.

It has been noted, however, that when glass sheets having the glass enamel coated thereon are subjected to a forming process at elevated temperatures, the prior art coatings exhibit a tendency to adhere to the materials covering the forming die. Accordingly, such prior art materials are unavailable for use in glass forming processes in which a heated glass sheet coated with the glass enamel is engaged by a material-covered forming die, generally a fiberglass-covered forming die.

Various aproaches have been suggested in order to facilitate the forming of glass sheets with a glass enamel coated thereon, the withstanding of the elevated bending or forming temperatures and the repeated contact of the glass sheet and the covered forming die without having the enamel adhere to the forming die. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,596,590 discloses the addition of metal oxide powder, including cuprous oxide, to the paint composition to provide the desired non-stick barrier between the coating and the fiberglass-covered forming die. U.S. Pat. No. 4,684,388 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,684,389 discloses similar approaches, the former patent adding a mixture of finely divided zinc metal powder and finely divided stannous oxide powder as the anti-stick barrier and the latter patent adding finely divided zinc metal powder for the similar effect. Although each of these systems has been effective in reducing the indicated problem, greater reduction of adhesion and further improvement of surface appearance are still desired.

It is the primary object of this invention to provide an improved glass enamel coating composition.

It is a further object to provide such coatings which are readily available for application to glass sheets and which exhibits anti-stick properties during glass formation.

Various other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following description thereof.

It has now been surprisingly discovered that introducing copper sulfide or copper sulfate into glass enamel compositions, the difficulties encountered with prior art formation are substantially overcome. Thus, the resulting compositions can be readily applied to glass sheets and facilitate the formation of a smooth continuous coating which does not adhere to the fiberglass die coating when the heated coated glass is contacted with such materials. Accordingly, the bending or forming operations are not hindered by the above described sticking phenomenon. In addition, the copper sulfite individually provides the black pigmentation most frequently desired in automotive applications.

The invention thus relates to the improved glass enamel composition and to the glass forming method utilizing such enamels. More specifically, the glass enamel compositions contain, as the primary ingredients, copper sulfide or copper sulfate, glass frit and vehicle. Copper sulfide is preferred for purposes of the invention.

Any conventional soft glass frit or frit mixtures can be utilized in the instant formulation. The frit will generally be ground to pass through 325 mesh screen (U.S. Standard Sieve size). The primary purpose of the frit is to bond the pigmentary product to the glass surface. The frit may comprise any appropriate combination of metal oxides. Typical oxides may be selected from the oxides of zinc, lead, silicon, titanium, zirconium, sodium, boron, lithium, potassium, calcium, aluminum, tin, vanadium, molybdenum, magnesium, iron, manganese and the like. Correspondingly, various fluorides may appear in the frit. The batch composition which will provide the above noted oxides and fluorides may contain various salts, such as oxides, carbonates, sulfates, nitrates, fluorides and the like, of the above noted metals. The batch ingredients are selected in order to achieve predetermined frit properties. Lead, zinc alkali and bismuth alkali borosilicate frits are preferred for purposes of this invention.

The frit is prepared by melting the batch ingredients at temperatures of from about 900° to 1600° C. and then quenching the molten glass either with the use of water or by pouring the melt between two cooled metal rolls rotating in opposite direction. Melting generally is conducted in a ceramic or platinum crucible or in an appropriately lined furnace. The resulting chips, chunks or flakes of frit are then ground into fine particles.

The vehicle is selected on the basis of the end use application. It is essential that the vehicle adequately suspend the particulates and burn off completely upon firing of the composition. Vehicles are typically organic and include pine oils, vegetable oils, mineral oils, low molecular weight petroleum fractions, and the like. The vehicles may be modified by viscous resins such as vinyl resins, solvents, film formers such as cellulosic materials, and the like.

The modified glass enamels contain from about 5-80% of copper sulfide or sulfate and preferably 10-40%; from about 10 to 85% glass frit and preferably 25 to 50%; and from about 10 to 40% vehicle and preferably 15 to 30%. The percentages are based on the weight of the formulated glass enamel paste. The resulting compositions will be viscous in nature, the viscosity depending on application method and end use. For purposes of screen printing, viscosities ranging from 10,000-80,000, and preferably 35,000-65,000, centipoises at 20° C. as determined on a Brookfield Viscometer, #7 spindle at 20 rpm are appropriate.

A wide variety of optional ingredients may be included in these formulations. These may be added for pigmentary purposes, to modify viscosity and to enhance properties such as bond strength and abrasion resistance. Various metal oxide pigments providing added black or gray pigmentation, e.g. black spinel pigments; bismuth and bismuth-containing compounds for bond strength; certain refractory materials such as zirconium oxide to increase abrasion resistance; suspending agents such as iso-stearic acid; and fumed silica and other silica products to modify viscosity; may be included for the indicated benefits. The metal oxide pigments are a preferred optional ingredient.

The compositions are prepared by blending the solid materials, adding the liquid ingredients thereto and then thoroughly mixing or kneading the two in order to form a smooth, thick paste. The paste is then further dispersed by means of a conventional machine such as a three-roll mill or dispersator such as a Cowles or Morehouse mill.

Methods for applying the enamel coatings are well known to those skilled in the art. The dispersed compositions may be applied by techniques such as screen printing, decal application, spraying, brushing, roller coating, and the like. Screen printing is preferred for purposes of applying the composition to glass substrates.

After the enamel has been applied to the glass sheet, the glass sheet is heated to a temperature which softens the glass sufficiently so that the glass sheet can be formed. Generally, this temperature is in a range of about 630°-760° C. Compositions which are formulated to be responsive to UV radiation may be exposed to such radiation prior to heating to bond the enamel to the glass sheet. After heating, the glass sheet and the enamel thereon are engaged by the fiberglass covered forming die to place the heated glass sheet into a desired shape. The heating operation, of course, burns off the organic materials contained in the enamel and bonds the remaining portion of the enamel to the glass sheet. The copper sulfide or copper sulfate addition to the enamel serves to prevent sticking of any of the enamel to the forming die and also provides a smooth continuous surface to the resulting enamelled surface.

After the forming die has been removed from engagement with the glass sheet and the enamel without any sticking of the enamel thereto, the glass sheet may be cooled to obtain a formed glass sheet with enamel thereon. Normally, the glass sheet is rapidly cooled in a glass tempering operation to achieve a tempered glass product having the enamel thereon. The resulting glass sheet is then readily available for use in a variety of applications, particularly the automotive applications noted hereinabove.

The following examples further illustrate the embodiments of this invention. In these examples, all parts are given by weight unless otherwise specified.

EXAMPLE 1

This example illustrates the preparation and application of typical enamels of this invention.

The following formulations are prepared:

<pre xml:space="preserve" listing-type="tabular"> &lt;!--Greenbook tabular data--&gt;______________________________________ Parts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A______________________________________Glass Frit (1) 5.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- --Glass Enamel -- 5.0 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 5.0Powder (2)Pine Oil- 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35BasedVehicleCopper 0.5 0.7 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 -- --SulfideCopper -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.8 --Sulfate______________________________________ Parts(1) PbO 53.24 SiO₂ 30.73 ZrO₂ 0.68 Al₂ O₃ 3.13 B₂ O₃ 9.66 CdO 2.56(2) 58 parts lead-aluminum-borosilicate frit 42 parts black spinel pigment blend______________________________________</pre>

The enamels are prepared by blending the liquid and solid ingredients and then dispersing the paste in an appropriate mill.

The performance characteristics of the enamels are determined in a laboratory screening procedure by applying the enamels to microscope slides, heating the slide to 705° C. for 15 minutes, impressing a slightly curved, ceramic cloth covered press bar at a estimated pressure of 25-50 pounds onto the softened glass for a period of five seconds with a rolling motion, removing the press bar and visually identifying the degree of adhesion between the enamel and the ceramic cloth. A rating of "0" is indicative of the absence of adherance; "1" indicates slight adherance; "2" indicates noticeable adherance; and "3" indicates significant adherance.

<pre xml:space="preserve" listing-type="tabular"> &lt;!--Greenbook tabular data--&gt;______________________________________Enamel Rating Appearance______________________________________1 0-1 --2 0-1 --3 0-1 hazy matte gray-black4 0-1 hazy matte gray black5 0 hazy matte gray black6 0 sl. hazy matte black7 0-1 sl. hazy matte blackA 2 rough black surface______________________________________</pre>

The haze appears to result from the testing method but is readily removable without permanent effect.

EXAMPLE 2

The procedures of Example 1 are utilized with the following formulation

(B)

3.6 parts glass enamel powder (2)

1.35 parts pine-oil-based vehicle

1.4 parts copper oxide

<pre xml:space="preserve" listing-type="tabular"> &lt;!--Greenbook tabular data--&gt;______________________________________Enamel Rating Appearance______________________________________3 0-1 hazy matte gray-blackB 3 rough black surface______________________________________</pre>

The data in Examples 1 and 2 are indicative of the improved anti-stick characteristics of the compositions of this invention.