Untitled record

Application filed December 2,1889. Serial No. 332,256. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known I, James Gibbons, of Jersey City, in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey, have invented a new and Im5 proved Gas-Stove, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to gas or fluid fuel stoves, and has for its object to provide a simple, inexpensive, durable, and efficient stove io of this character, preferably having a transparent or partly transparent front to present a cheerful fire somewhat similar to the ordinary open grate and so constructed as to assure a maximum radiation of heat with a 15 minimum supply of fuel.

The invention will first be described, and then will be particularly pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying 20 drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a front perspective view of my improved gas-stove. Fig. 2 is a perspective 25 view thereof with the front removed. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional side elevation of the stove, taken on the line x x in Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a front vertical sectional view taken on the line y y in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an enlarged sec30 tional plan view of the lower rear portion of the stove, intended more particularly to show the arrangement of the burner and connected gas and air supply pipes. Figs. 5^a, 5^b, and 5^Care detail views of modifications of the stove35 burner. Fig. 6 is a detail sectional plan view of part of the burner and gas and air supply pipes. Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional side elevation, taken on theline 11 in Fig. 8,of a modified form of the gas-stove in which a larger heat40 radiating surface and air-heating surface are provided. Fig. 8 is a front vertical sectional view taken on the line 2 2 in Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a plan view, in horizontal section, on line 3 3 3 in Figs. 7 and 8; and Fig. 10is an enlarged de45 tail vertical sectional view of the fire-pot or mixing-chamber of the stove.

I will first particularly describe the gasstove with more special reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 10 of the drawings, which 50 show the simplest form of stove-body and the details of the burner and pipe connections used in both forms of stoves.

The general appearance of one design of gas-stove made in accordance with my invention and illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 of the 55 drawings shows that it maybe preferable to make the stove-body A with a cast-iron base a, a cast-iron front a', provided with doors a², a cast-iron top a³, which may have one or more removable lids or covers, and a back a⁴, and 60 opposite sides or ends a⁵ a⁵, made of sheet metal; but I am not· limited as to materials or design. It is preferable to provide the stove front and base with a lower opening cd to be closed by a removable door-plate a⁷, 65 which thus gives easy access to the burners and their pipe-connections in the base of the stove-body, as hereinafter described. The stove front and doors a a² will preferably have as large a mica or transparent surface as pos- 70 sible to afford a cheerful fire, quite similar to that of the ordinary coal-burning grate. The stove will have supporting-legs of any approved design.

Within the body of the stove is placed a 75 casing B, which is preferably made of sheet metal, and forms the fire-chamber of the stove, and is preferably lined with fire-brick, as presently explained. I make this fire-chamber with a bottom plate b and a rear wall 8e consisting of a lower vertical portion b' and an upper forwardly leaning or projecting part b² and with two end walls b³ b³. A continuation A of the casing B extends from the top of the rear wall portion b² rearward and pref- 85 erably upward to the rear wall a⁴of the stovebody. A plate C, which is preferably employed, is fixed at its rear edge and ends to the stove-body a little below the partitionplate &⁴, but falls short of the plate b² of the 9c fire-box, and provides between said partitionplates b‘‘ C a space or passage c, to which air to support combustion at the stove-burner is admitted through a series of holes c' in the back wall a⁴ of the stove-body. The plate C 95 is not essential; but its use is preferable, as it leads the air entering at the openings c' directly against the very hot rear portion or plate δ³ of the fire-chamber, and thereby facilitates the superheating of the air on its way 100 to the interior of the fire-chamber. A lower plate D, fitted between the four walls of the stove-body a little distance below the firechamber B, together with said chamber and

436,656 the top extension-plate δ⁴, form an air-chamber E, which has communication with the outside air through the holes c' and passage c when the latter is provided, and has communication with the fire-chamber and front and top portions of the stove-body mainly through openings δ⁵, made through the fire-chamber bottom δ, and a fire-brick lining, which may be used thereou. Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings show that the rear and end walls b' b³b³ of the fire-chamber are preferably removed but a short distance from the adjacent stove-body walls a⁴ a⁵ a⁵, thereby forming comparatively-narrow portions e e e of the chamber E for most effectively heating the air admitted at the passages c' on its way to the point of ignition of the burner F, the nozzles of which pass upward tightly through the bottom plate D of the air-chamber and emit their hot flames directly through the openings δ⁵ into the fire-chamber, with the hot air entering the openings δ⁵ from the chamber E. The lower chamber A', at the base of the stove body A, is a fuel-heating and heat - radiating compartment receiving the burner of the stove, and may be extended more or less beyond the main front of the stove-body to produce a stove of any required design.

The fire-brick or refractory lining of the fire-chamber B consists, preferably, of a bottom or floor brick G, which covers the baseplate δ of the chamber, a rear brick II, laid on the brick G next the wall-plate b', an upper brick I, laid on the one II next the wallplate δ², and two end bricks J J, laid on the bottom brick and in front of the rear bricks Η I to hold them in place. At its rear lower part the bottom brick or lining G is cut away or recessed to form a passage g, which communicates with a passage Ji, formed behind the rear lower brick H, and it may be by recessing it or by setting it a little forward from the back plate b' of the fire-chamber. The upper rear brick I is preferably recessed at the back to protect the fire-chamber plate δ²behind it; but at the lower edge or part said brick I is fitted closely to the plate δ², and is also corrugated all along the lower edge, oris provided with holes or suitable openings, which may, however, be formed partly or wholly in the upper edge of the lower brick II, thereby producing, passages i, through which a portion of the superheated air descending through the chamber E may escape forward into the fire-chamber at a point sufficiently above the nozzles or flaming points of the burner F to meet and freely oxygenate any unconsumed gases which may pass upward in the fire-chamber to the level of these passages, and thereby assure a practically perfect gas combustion in the fire-chamber B of the stove. Fig. 10 of the drawings most clearly shows that a row of holes δ^Γι, or it may be any equivalent openings, are made in the bottom plate δ of the fire-chamber behind the larger openings δ⁵, so that while the main body or volume of superheated air from the chamber E passes directly upward through the openings δ⁵ with the hot products from 70 the burner a portion of this air will pass upward through the passages δ⁶, g, h, and i behind and through the refractory lining into the fire-chamber, which may also be termed the “mixing-chamber,” as therein are inti- 75 mately mingled the hot gaseous products from the burner, and the superheated air by which combustion is maintained.

Within the fire-chamber B of the stove, I prefer to place a fire-brick or other suitable 80 refractory shell or body K, which preferably has a general angular form transversely and rests upon the bottom of the fire-chamber or its lower fire-brick G, and is also preferably fitted to the end walls or bricks of the fire- 85 chamber, and also preferably fits its rear wall or the lower rear fire-brick II, against which it bears almost immediately below the auxiliary hot-air inlets i above mentioned. This refractory shell or body K forms a combus- 90 tion-chamber within the fire-chamber, and is preferably perforated throughout, so that it shall retard escape of hot products sufficiently to insure good combustion while allowing necessary free passage of hot gaseous pro- 95 ducts upward and forward from within it into the fire-chamber and thence upward and rearward over the plate δ* and out through a pipe L, fitted in to the rear stove-body walla⁴ above said plate δ⁴, and leading to any ordinary 100 chimney-flue or to the open air. The perforated shell or combustion-chamber K is preferably made with an irregular surface, giving it the appearance when incandescent of a red-hot coal or wood fire. 105

From the aforesaid description it is manifest that when the burner F or source of heat at the bottom of the stove is in operation it will quickly heat the fire-chamber and a draft of air will be induced through the openings no c', the passage c, and down through the chamber E, over the walls of the fire-chamber B, and thence upward into said chamber, which it reaches in a highly-superheated condition, and wherein the air intimately mixes with 115 the hot products from the burner to maintain combustion at a very high temperature. When the refractory shell or chamber K is used, the combustion therein of the fluid fuel most effectively assures the superheating of 120 the fire-chamber to continue the superheating of air entering it from the chamber or passage E, and the hot products from the combustion-chamber K will rise or escape through its perforations and around its margin into 125 the front and upper parts of the stove-body to highly heat them and give off or radiate heat therefrom to warm the room, the hot products finally escaping through the pipe L to the chimney. That portion of the super- 130 heated air passing upward through the passages g Ji and forward into the fire-chamber through the passages i gives an auxiliary or supplemental supply of hot air to the hot un

436,656 '3 consumed gases which, may perchance escape from the shell or chamber K into the firechamber, and thereby assures a practically perfect combustion in the stove, so nearly perfect as to allow the connection L to a chimney-flue to be dispensed with without vitiating the air of the room to a dangerous degree.

I consider it advantageous to employ the io perforated fire-clay or refractory shell or body

K, because it not only forms an efficient combustion-chamber and retards to some extent the too free escape of hot products, and thereby facilitates complete combustion, but it 15 also becomes incandescent and increases the heat-radiating function of the stove, and also presents a very pleasing appearance through the mica or transparent front of the stovebody.

Before explaining the modified form of stove-body shown in Figs. 7, 8, and 9 of the drawings I will particularly describe the burner, which is adapted to either stove, as follows: The burner is shown in preferred form more in detail in Figs. 5 and 6 of the' drawings, and is made with a main outer pipe M, which may be in one piece; but for convenience of connecting the burner tubes or tips/and fitting an interior pipe, hereinafter mentioned, it is made in pieces with suitable fittings m interposed in its length, which allows the tips or tubes / to be screwed into the fittings. The burner may have one, two, three, or more tubes /, as the size of the stove may require, the stove shown havingthree burnertubes. (See Figs. 4, 8, and 9 of the drawings.) Within the burner-pipe M is placed another smaller pipe N, which preferably extends quite the whole length of the pipe M, and at 4c its outer portions or ends is perforated or is fitted with short lengths of perforated pipen n. The inner pipe N is preferably held concentrically in the pipe M by means of countersunk heads or plugs m' m', which are 45 screwed or fitted into the ends of said pipe and against conical or otherwise suitablyshaped ends of the perforated pipes η n or plugs fitted therein. (See Fig. 5.) Screws n', passed through the body A and preferably 50 its end or side walls a⁵ a⁵ into the pipe-plugs m', hold the burner-pipes Μ N in the stovebody, it being preferable to extend these ‘ pipes between the opposite ends of the stove or about parallel with its front. The pipes 55 may, however, be extended between the front and rear plates of the stove-body, or may be otherwise arranged to allow the burner-tubes /to flame into the fire-chamber of the stove. Between the two pipes MN there is provided 6o a gas and air passage 0, with which all the burner-tubes / communicate. In the stove shown the gas is fed from a supply-pipe O directly into the inner pipe N at a point as remote as may be from the perforated parts 65 η n of the pipe, which in this case is directly at the center of it. This supply-pipe 0 is preferably screwed through one side of the middle four-way fitting m of the pipe M and into the inner pipe N, and is also fitted tightly to the wall of the stove-body, and. thereby 70 effectively supports and steadies the center of the main burner-pipe M, and with it strongly braces the sheet-iron walls of the stove-body. A jam-nut 0' is preferably used on the pipe 0 outside the stove-body. 75

With this construction it is obvious that a mixture of air and gas admitted through the supply-pipe O will first enter the inner burner-pipe N and will pass along within it to its perforated end parts n n, and through these 80 into the passage 0 between the two pipes N N, and thence to the burner-tubes /, which open to the pipe M, and at the tops of which the burner flames into ortowardthe fire-chamber B of the stove. The two objects sought in 85 this construction are, first, to cause the mixed air and gases supplied to the point or points of ignition-of the .burner to take as tortuous or sinuous a course as possible, in order to more thoroughly intermix the air and gases, and, 90 second7to break up or subdivide the volume of intermingled gas and air entering the two pipes Μ N from the feed-pipe 0 that none of it may pass to the point or points of ignition of the burner without being thoroughly heat- 95 ed or superheated by the burner-pipes, which become very hot while the burner is in operation. It is well known that when a body of gaseous or fluid fuel is passed through a hot pipe that the fluid fuel next the walls of the 100 pipe absorbs most of the heat and makes a shield for the gas at the center of the pipe and allows it to pass quickly through at a much lower temperature than the gas next the pipe-walls. By subdividing the volume 105 of intermingled gas and air in the two pipes M N and causing it to press through the passage 0 in a comparatively thin stratum, the entire body of intermingled gas and air will be highly superheated and will be in the best no possible condition for most effective very hot flaming at the burner tubes or tips, where it meets the superheated air from the chamber E of the stove. The lower compartment or chamber A' of the stove-body confines the 115 heat about the burner-pipes to assure thorough superheating therein of the intermingled gas and air, and the compartment also radiates heat to the room or apartment, and also protects the floor or ivalls from overheat- 120 ing by the hot burner-pipes. The desired objects may be attained by using the pipes Μ N and having· the pipe N fall short of the end plugs m^r of the pipe M and dispensing with the perforated parts η n of the inner. 125 pipe, as shown in Fig. 5^C of the drawings; but the construction hereinbefore described is preferred; because it enables me to hold the pipe N concentrically in the pipe M by the end plugs of the latter, and the perforated 130 end parts of the inner pipe all the more thoroughly break up and intermix the gas and air as they enter the passage 0 between the. pipes M and N.

436,656

In accordance with, this part of my invention the modified construction of the stoveburner illustrated in Figs. 5^a and 5” of the drawings may be employed, wherein it will 5 be seen that the gas may be admitted from the feed-pipe 0 directly to the space o between the two pipes M' and Ν', the burnertubes/' being fitted tightly through the outer pipe M' and into the inner pipe Ν' to comτο municate with the latter. In this form of the burner the tortuous passage between the two pipes Μ' N' and within the pipe N' provides quite as irregular or circuitous a mixing and heating chamber for the intermingled 15 gas and air on its way from the pipe 0 to the burner tubes or tips as with the first-described burner; but the former construction is less expensive and more practical, and is therefore preferred over the latter.

Atmospheric air and gas are admitted to the burner-supply pipe 0 in regulated quantities preferably in the following manner: The outer end of the pipe, which extends beyond the stove-body, is screw-threaded, pref25 erably externally, and to the threads is fitted a ring-valve P, which has an end hole p', receiving the nipple r of the gas-supply pipe R, and also has a series of elongated side slots or openings p, which admit air to the 30 interior of the pipe O directly at or past the end of the nipple r, from which the gas issues into said pipe. (See Fig. 6 of the drawings.) By simply turning the ring-valve on the pipe O to enlarge or contract the area of 35 the air-valve slots p beyond the end of the pipe the supply of air to the pipe may be increased or diminished or entirely cut off at pleasure.

The gas inlet or nipple r is preferably 40 screwed into a pipe-fitting S, which is supported by an elbow-pipe T, held by a screw t or otherwise to the stove-body, and the gassupply pipe R,which has an ordinary gas-cock r', may be connected by a flexible tube R' or 45 otherwise with any convenient pipe taking gas from a service-main.

The supply of gas to the pipe O may be accurately regulated by a needle-valve IT,which is preferably fitted by a screw-joint into the 50 pipe-fitting S and presents its conical inner end u to the discharge-orifice of the gas-nipple r, to which it may be adjusted more or less closely for regulating the supply-gas, or to which it may be closed for cutting off the 55 supply at will.

The outer screw-threaded end of the needle-valve is preferably provided with a jamnut s to lock it at any desired adjustment.

It is obvious that by adjusting the needle60 valve U and the ring-valve P, the relative quantities of gas and air fed into the pipe 0, and thence through the pipes N M to the point of ignition of the burner, may be varied as the nature or quality or pressure of the 65 gas may require to assure a proper working of the burner, or, in other words, to secure <

complete or practically perfect combustion of the gas.

I will now particularly describe the modified form of stove shown in Figs. 7, 8, and 9 of the 70 drawings, as follows: In this construction there is an auxiliary outer casing W, fitted to and around the back and both ends of the stovebody A, and about midway between the bodyback cd and the back wall of the casing W 75 there is fitted another plate or partition X, which extends clear across to the two ends of said casing. This provides two chambers or spaces w w, one between each end plate a⁵ of the stove-body A and the adjacent end wall 80 of the casing W, and each of these chambers w communicates by an opening or passage w’ made through the lower eud portion of the partition X with a common chamber w², formed between said partition and the back 85 wall of the casing W, said chamber w² having communication by a pipe L' fitted to the upper part of the back wall of the casing with any suitable chimnej^-flue or outlet. Between the partition X and the stove-body, wall a¹ 90 and the rearwardly-extending parts of the end walls cd cd of the body which meet the plate X, there is formed a chamber or flue Y, which opens at its lower end to the atmosphere and at its upper part has communication, 95 through the series of holes c' in the stovebody, with the air-heating chamber E, which surrounds the fire and mixing chamber B of the stove. A series of holes or suitable openings c² made in the upper part of each end 100 wall cd establish communication between the interior of the stove-body above the flre-chamber with the adjacent end chambers w of the auxiliary casting W of the stove.

With this construction it is manifest that 105 the supply of air to maintain combustion at the burner, instead of being taken in directly through.the holes c', as in the single-casing stove, will be first received into and through the passage or chamber Y and will pass up- no ward therethrough to and through the holes c' and thence into the air-chamber E, around the fire-chamber B, and into and through it with the hot products from the burner, and thence to the front of the stove-body and 115 above the fire-chamber; but instead of passing off directly through a pipe L, as in the single-casing stove, the hot waste products will pass through the openings c² in the end ' plates a⁵ cd into the end chambers w w of the 120 casing W and down them to and through the passages w' w' into the bottom of the' common chamber w² and upward through it to the pipe L and thence to the flue. By th us causing the hot products to traverse down the ends 125 of the stove and then upward at the back of the stove they more effectively radiate heat from the stove to assure its maximum heating effect, and the air admitted at the openings c' to the superheating-chamber E is heated in 130 the passage or chamber Y before it enters said openings, which increases the efficiency of the

436,656 stove by utilizing the waste hot products in the outer casing W, or its chamber w², to first heat the air-supply before it enters the body proper and superheating-chamber of the stove.

I am not limited to the use of ordinary illuminating or heating gases in my stove, as hydrocarbons or light oils may be supplied to the burner with good results, as will readily be understood.