Horizontal hydraulic press

[57] ABSTRACT

A horizontal hydraulic press wherein a ram of a press hydraulic cylinder accommodates a spring-loaded stop which, during the working stroke of the ram, interacts with a lever of an adjusting device which sets the length of the ram stroke to suit the length of the wheel pair axle being assembled.

Claim, 4 Drawing Figures

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ATENTEDMAY 14 1974

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FIG.1

PATENTED MAY 14 1974

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PATENTED MAY 14 1974

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WENTEOMAY14 1974

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HORIZONTAL HYDRAULIC PRESS

The present invention relates to press equipment and more specifically it relates to a hydraulic forcing press designed to mount an axle with such parts which are lo- 5 cated symmetrically relative to the middle of said axles, e.g. bearings, bushings and other articles.

The invention can be used either individually or as a component part of an automatic line for the assembly of wheel pairs of railroad cars, Diesel and electric loco- 10 motives and other transport vehicles.

Known in the art is a horizontal double-action hydraulic forcing press for the assembly of wheel pairs, comprising uprights installed on a common base and interconnected by rods, said uprights being used for 15 placing between them the axle of an article to be assembled together with elements to be forced on it, and a hydraulic cylinder with a ram installed in one of the uprights, the ram stroke of said cylinder being controlled by a lever of an adjusting device located on the 20 same upright.

Between the uprights there is a trolley moving on rails along the hydraulic cylinder axis and intended for bringing the wheel pair to be assembled into the space between the press uprights. 25

The wheels are pressed on the axle by the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder ram. The quality of the assembled wheel pair depends on the accuracy of the distance between the inner faces of the wheels and the deviations of the distances from said inner faces to the ³⁰axle ends at both sides of the wheel pair.

The double-action presses comprise an adjusting device which makes it possible to omit preliminary marking off of each wheel pair axle. This device includes a feeler rod inserted into a through hole in the hydraulic ³⁵cylinder ram. Secured to the end of the feeler rod is a pusher with a bushing slipped on it, said bushing being connected to the ram by a special bracket. When the ram moves, the pusher interacts with the lever of the adjusting device installed on the press base and shifts ⁴⁰the slider which carries a transmitter showing the position of the element to be forced on the axle.

The lever of the adjusting device is installed in such a manner that the lines of its interaction with the pusher and slider are arranged in the plane of lever ro- ⁴⁵tation.

These presses have a number of disadvantages caused by their double-action principle.

One of these disadvantages is constituted by making a through hole for the feeler rod in the cylinder ram which involves the necessity for additional seals.

Another disadvantage lies in the very fact of locating the feeler rod inside the ram which increases the size and weight of the hydraulic cylinder.

Still another disadvantage consists in the provision of intermediate elements linking the feeler rod with the pusher which is detrimental to the reliability of the adjusting device.

Besides, all the above-mentioned features complicate considerably the design of the press as a whole.

An object of the present invention consists in providing a horizontal single-action hydraulic press of a simple and reliable design which is highly efficient and allows automating the process of assembling the wheel pair regardless of the axle length.

This object is accomplished by providing a hydraulic forcing press comprising uprights installed on a com mon base and interconnected by rods, said uprights being used for placing between them the axle of an article to be assembled together with elements to be forced on it, and a hydraulic cylinder with a ram installed in one of the uprights, the ram stroke of said cylinder being controlled by a lever of an adjusting device located on the same upright.

According to the invention, the outer end of the ram has an axial hole accommodating a spring-loaded stop moving together with the ram and made in the form of a sleeve which receives the axle of the article being assembled; said sleeve has a radially arranged pin which, during the movement of said stop, deflects the lever of the adjusting device from the initial position to the position determined by the setting of the adjusting device said setting depending on the length of the axle.

The spring-loaded stop in this press interacts with the lever of the adjusting device, ensuring accurate location of the wheel center by distributing the tolerance on the axle length into two equal parts.

This disposes of the necessity for individual marking of each axle and enables the process to be automated.

Now the invention will be described in detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a general view of the single-action horizontal hydraulic press for the assembly of wheel pairs;

FIG. 2 - same, initial position before work;

FIG. 3 - same, intermediate position of press mechanisms; and

FIG. 4 - same, final position of press mechanisms.

The horizontal single-action hydraulic press for the assembly of wheel pairs of transport vehicles comprises a front upright 1 with a hydraulic cylinder 2. The upright 1 is connected by rods 3 with a rear supporting upright 4. Both uprights 1 and 4 are installed on a common horizontal base 5. Between the rods 3 there also is a thrust cross-head 6 with a stop 7 rigidly secured to it. The hydraulic cylinder 2 and the stop 7 are mounted coaxially. The rods 3 have ports receiving wedges 8; this forms a closed system which takes up the pressing forces.

An axle 9 with wheel centers 10 and 11 slipped on it is placed on special hangers 12 located on the upper rod 3.

The hydraulic cylinder 2 consists of a body 13 in which a ram 14 slides. The outer end of the ram 14 has ₅₀^a stepped cylindrical hole arranged along the ram axis and accommodating a spring-loaded stop 15 with a spring 16 which presses the stop 15 against a ring tool 17 secured on the outer end of the ram 14. The springloaded stop 15 is a cylindrical sleeve whose bottom is ₅₅ provided in the center with a projection against which the axle 9 bears during pressing.

Secured to the outer surface of the sleeve is a pin 18 which interacts during pressing with an adjusting device which sets the length of the ram working stroke to ₆θ suit the length of the axle 9. The adjusting device is installed on the front upright 1 and comprises a rod 19 which is secured rigidly to the upright 1 and carries a spring 20, a movable bushing 21, a lever 22 and a slider 23 with a spring 24. The slider 23 carries a stop 25 on ₆₅ which the inner face of the wheel 10 acts during pressing. On the movable bushing 21 is installed a transmitter 26 showing the position of the wheel center 10, and an adjusting screw 27. A rod 28 arranged parallel to the

3,810,293 rod 19 is articulated to the slider 23 and bushing 21 and is provided with a cam 29.

The lever 22 is installed in such a manner that the lines of its interaction with the pin 18 of the stop 15 and with the adjusting screw 27 are located in the plane of rotation of the lever 22. This reduces errors in adjusting the position of the forced-on element along the axle 9. The distance between the axis of the adjusting screw 27 and the axis of rotation of the lever 22 relates to the distance between the point of contact of the lever 22 and pin 18 and the pivot of the lever 22 as 1 : 2.

Inasmuch as the total length L, of the axle 9 mounted on the press varies within the limits of its tolerance L, ^— L; ± AL/ then at a constant distance L between the inner faces of the wheel centers 10 and 11 the value of distance 1 at the two sides of the wheel pair also varies as 1 — 1 ± Al. The best wheel pair after the assembly will be the one in which 1 = L, — L/2; Δ1 = 1/2 AL/.

The purpose of the adjusting device consists in shifting, through a distance of AL, the position transmitter 26 which cuts off the press when the total length of the axle 9 is changed by AL/.

The hydraulic press functions as follows. The axle 9 with the slipped-on wheel centers 10 and 11 is placed on the hangers 12. The press operates at semiautomatic duty. The ram 12 is moved by the liquid, e.g. mineral oil, supplied into the space between the body 13 of the hydraulic cylinder 2 and the ram 14. The ram 14 moves to the right (in the drawing) until the ring tool 17 contacts the face of the hub of the wheel center 10, aligns it on the receiving cone of the axle 9 and then moves it, together with the hangers 12, to the right (in the drawing) until the R.H. end of the axle 9 comes in contact with the stop 7. During the further movement of the ram 14 to the right the wheel center 10 is forced on the axle 9. The spring-loaded stop 15 with the pin 18 pressed by spring 16 against the ring tool 17 interacts with the lever 22.

Turning, this lever moves the adjusting screw 27 to the right which, in turn, moves the movable bushing 21 with the transmitter 26 also to the right. The displacement of the bushing 21 is equal to the travel of the spring-loaded stop 15 from the initial position to the point of contact with the L.H. end of the axle 9. The adjusting device settles in the position preset by the ad4 justing screw 27, said position depending on the length of the axle 9 mounted on the press. Then the ram 14 moves to the right and compresses the spring 16. Meanwhile, the stop 15 is immovable.

During the further movement of the ram 14 to the right the wheel center 10 is forced on the axle 9 until the inner face of said wheel center 10 shifts the slider 23 connected with the rod 28 carrying the cam 29 to the right. This shifting continues until said cam 29 •θ comes to interact with the position transmitter 25 of the wheel center 10.

The transmitter 26 operates and cuts off the supply of fluid into the hydraulic cylinder 2.

To return the ram 14 to the initial position the fluid ¹⁵ is directed from the hydraulic cylinder 2 through a slide valve (not shown in the drawing) to the return line.

At the setting-up duty the ram 14 is brought to the required position by switching over to neutral position the slide valve which serves to admit the fluid into, and ⁰ discharge it from, the hydraulic cylinder 2.

For forcing on the R.H. wheel center 11, the axle 19 should be turned in the hangers 12 through 180°.

The hydraulic press according to the invention is sim₂₅ pie in design and reliable.