Automatic mud sampler and packager

Aug. 1, 1967

J. M. HORETH ETAL

3,333,391

AUTOMATIC MUD SAMPLER AND PACKAGER

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Aug. 1, 1967

J. M. HORETH ETAL

3,333,391

AUTOMATIC MUD SAMPLER AND PACKAGER

Filed April 21, 1964

Sheets-Sheet £

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FIG. 5 FIG. 6

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FIG. 7 f/G. 8

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FIG. 11

BY

John M. Horeth Richard H. Langenheim William D. Howard . INVENTORS.

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United States Patent Office , .. ,^3,333’³®*

Patented Aug. 1, 1967

A second valve functions to supply a stream of water of periodic intervals, timed to coincide with the standby position of the mud control valve.

The second major sub-combination includes a conduit for 5 periodic delivery of the sample stream to the packaging system, arid means for disposal of excess mud supplied to the packaging system. In a preferred embodiment, the mud disposal means also provides temporary storage for the flexible packaging material in which the mud samples are to be encased or sealed.

The sealing means, located near the outlet end of the delivery tube, consists essentially of a pair of clamping jaws and a pair of heat seal jaws. The packaging material is fed from temporary storage through the space between 15 the two pairs of jaws. A continuous flow of the sample stream passes from the delivery tube into that portion of the packaging film located between the jaws, and thence through the mud disposal line. At a time designated for the sealing of each successive sample, the clamping jaws 20 are activated first, whereby a pouch of mud is held separate, from the flowing stream. At this time the flow of mud is interrupted and a stream of water is passed through the delivery tube and disposal line in the same manner as was the mud. During the flow of water, the clamping 25 jaws remain firmly engaged against opposite sides of the plastic tube, to prevent passage of fluids between the jaws. Once, the flow of water has cleaned the inner surface of the plastic, tube immediately adjacent the area held by the clamping jaws, the heat seal jaws are activated, while the 30 clamping jaws remain firmly engaged. The flow of water is then interrupted and electric current is passed through the heating element of the sealing jaws to complete the formation of a gas-tight seal, thereby preserving the true composition of the packaged sample.

Both the clamping jaws and the sealing jaws are then retracted, to permit the advance of the sample storage wheel, in order to place a fresh portion of the packaging material in position for the formation of the next suc₄θ cessive sample pouch.

FIGURE 1 is an isometric view of an embodiment of the packaging apparatus of the invention.

FIGURES 2 and 3 are cross-sectional views of the flow control system of the apparatus of FIGURE 1.

_^F{^{GURE 4} is a cross-sectional view of the upper blades ^cJ^{amping and heat seal} i^{aws of} apparatus of FIGURE 1.

.FIGURE 5 through 11 are diagrammatic sectional views of the clamping and sealing jaws, illustrating the sequence 50 ^{Oi ateps} !^{nv01ved in the} operation of the apparatus.

. Referring to FIGURE 1, the apparatus is seen to consist of four major sections: a flow control system, a delivery section, a packaging section, and a collection and storage assembly. The flow control system includes valves 55 H ^and 1^’ the hrst of which functions to direct a sample stream of mud from line 13 through port 14 and discharge h“^e ; ^and alternately through port 16 into delivery tube 17. Valve 12 functions to direct a stream of water through Ime 18, port 19 and delivery tube 17 for the purpose of ₆₀ periodically flushing the system, as more fully explained in. connection with the packaging section as discussed below.

The elongated central area of the Illustrated embodiment includes delivery tube 17 and outer flow tube 20 subgs stantially concentric therewith. Tubular film 21, stored along the outer surface of tube 20, is composed of a highly flexible, heat-sealable, gas-retentive membrane having a relatively high tensile strength.

The packaging, section is composed of clamping jaws

22 arid heat seal jaws 23 which function, respectively, to form each successive pouch and hold it 'separate from a flowing stream of water which removes excess mud and

333 391

AUTOMATIC MUD SAMPLER AND PACKAGER John M. Horeth, Richard H. Langenheim, and William

D. Howard, Tulsa, Okla,, assignors, by mesne assignments, to Esso Production Research Company, Houston, Tex., a corporation of Delaware

Filed Apr. 21,1964, Ser. No. 361,513 9 Claims. (Cl. 53—28)

This invention relates to the packaging of fluid mixtures which contain large amounts of suspended or entrained particulate solids. In a particular aspect, the invention relates to apparatus for the packaging of drilling fluid samples obtained in the rotary drilling of boreholes in the earth, especially in the drilling of oil and gas wells. In a preferred embodiment, a package is produced which preserves the original gas content of the sample for quantitative analysis.

The incentives for analyzing periodic samples of drilling mud for the presence of hydrocarbon gases have been recognized for many years. Such analysis of the drilling mud, when correlated with the drilling depth, gives a more immediate and reliable indication of the presence of valuable. petroleum deposits than any other method of well logging. However, extensive routine use of quanitative hydrocarbon mud-gas logging has been slow to develop, due in part to the difficulty of obtaining reliable, representative samples of the mud stream. Moreover, once representative samples are obtained, it is difficult to preserve the mud samples in such a way as to prevent the escape of hydrocarbon gases.

In a great many drilling operations it is conventional practice to collect mud samples manually. That is, from time to time field personnel at the drilling site simply scoop a bucket of fluids from the mud riser box, or from some other exposed mud surface, and label the sample to indicate drilling depth or time, or both. This method of sample collection is unsatisfactory for several reasons. Perhaps most important is the fact that the mud has been exposed to the atmosphere prior to collection, thus enabling a major proportion of the light gases, especially methane and ethane, to escape if they were initially present. Moreover, human fallibility introduces various errors, both in the composition of samples and in the correlation of sampling time with drilling depth.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for obtaining uniform, representative samples of drilling mud from the return flowline at accurately timed intervals. It is a further object to package the samples in a manner which will preserve their original composition, especially with respect to hydrocarbon gas content.

The apparatus of the present invention receives a continuous sample stream of drilling mud from the return flowline, or from the surface conductor casing, for the purpose of packaging periodic samples for analysis. While the apparatus is on standby basis, the sample stream is simply diverted to the mud pits. At timed intervals the sample stream is passed through a delivery tube which directs the mud to a sealing system where a sample of the mud is encased in a plastic pouch. The operation is repeated at selected intervals until a large number of samples are collected in a fixed sequence and correlated with drilling depth. ° _t The sampling and packaging device of the present invention is composed of four principal sub-systems or sub-combinations. Following the sequence in which the systems operate, the first is a flow control system, or valve assembly, which is itself sub-divided into two parts. A first valve places the mud sample stream alternately on standby basis, and then switches to a sampling cycle at periodic intervals’.

3,333,391 particulate solids from the area to be sealed; and then to form a permanent heat seal, thus completing the formation of each successive pouch.

The collection and storage section consists essentially of a -large diameter wheel 24 to which one end of tubular film 21 is fastened at point 25. Periodic rotation of the wheel, in a clockwise direction from the side viewed, through an arc corresponding to the space occupied by a single pouch at the perimeter of the wheel, advances each successive segment of the packaging film from its position on tube 20 to a location between jaws 22 and 23, in readiness for the formation of the next successive sample pouch.

In valve 11, the position of plunger 26 is controlled by double-acting pneumatic piston 27. For example, in -the position shown, plunger 26 is seated against port 14 thereby forcing -the flow of mud through port 16 into delivery tube 17. In the alternate position, plunger 26 seats against port 16 thereby directing the flow of mud through port 14 -and discharge line 15. The flow of -air to pneumatic piston 27 is controlled by a solenoid-actuated valve, which in turn is -actuated by time sequence controller 29.

In valve 12, the position of plunger 30 is controlled by double-acting -pneumatic piston 31. For example, in the position shown, plunger 30 is seated against port 19 thereby excluding -the flow of water -and permitting the passage of mud through port 16 into delivery tube 17. In -the -opposite position, plunger 30 is lifted -at -a time when plunger 26 is seated -against port 16, thereby permitting the influx of water -to delivery tube 17 while mud flow is excluded. The flow of air to pneumatic piston 31 is -also controlled by a solenoid-actuated valve, which in turn is activated by a signal from time sequence controller 29.

The specific description -of valves 11 -and 12, including the description of the -actuation means -associated therewith, is for -the purpose of illustration only. It is within the scope of the invention, in its broadest form to substitute other flow control means for producing an equivalent manipulation of stream flow.

The end of delivery tube 17 is flared outward to form an elongated rectangular outlet 35. The primary function of the flared portion is to shape the packaging material just prior to -the clamping and sealing stage -of the operation, in -order to prevent the formation -of wrinkles between the clamping and sealing jaws, thus providing a smooth seal. Moreover, the flared outlet improves the cleaning efficiency of the flushing -operation just prior to the sealing step, ensuring a clean inner packaging surface between the heat-seal jaws. An additional shaping action may readily be obtained, if desired, by equipping the flared outlet with a longitudinal rib or flnlike extension along the outer surface of the major transverse -axis. Such an extension also -aids the flow of mud into -discharge line 20.

The upper blade of clamping jaws 22 is driven by double-acting pneumatic piston 41. The lower blade is simultaneously driven upward by the -same force, transmitted through endless chain pair 42. Similarly, the upper half -of heat seal jaws 23 is driven by piston 43, -and the lower half is forced upward by endless chain pair 44.

Wheel 24 is periodically advanced by ratchet and pawl mechanism 39, -actuated by piston 38, which is in turn operated by -a solenoid valve, and controller 29.

In FIGURE 4 the detailed construction of the upper blades of jaws 22 and 23 is shown. The gripping edge of blade 22 is provided with an elastomeric pad 53 bonded within a groove or depression along the metallic blade. Electrical heating element 54 consists essentially of nichrome ribbon, and is separated from blade 23 by means of -insulating layer 55. The lower blades of jaws 22 -and 23 are mirror-image duplicates of the upper blades.

As a specific example -of the operation of -the device, a continuous stream of mud is supplied through line 13 at -the rate of 3 gallons per minute. Referring to FIGURE 1, the initial stage of -the operation is begun with the illustrated positions of plungers 26 -and 30 of valves 5 11 -and 12, respectively. The mud stream is thereby directed -through tube 17 into the packaging area, where it emerges from rectangular outlet 35. The direction of mud flow is reversed by the packaging film and is then discharged along the -annulus between lines 17 and 20, 10 and through dump line 34. The clamping and sealing jaws are open, as shown in FIGURE 5. During this period of circulation the tubular packaging material is held stationary -by expandable pneumatic clamp 36, which also serves to prevent -the leakage of mud through the nar15 row annular space surrounding the outer surface of tube 20. The leakage of mud through -this annular space would represent no serious loss in -terms of mud volume; however, due to its abrasive nature and the presence of some large cuttings, the leakage of mud into this annular space 20 is considered very undesirable inasmuch as it may lead to the development of leaks in the packaging material through -a cutting or tearing action during its periodic -advance along the surface of tube 20.

The preferred example of flexible tubular packaging ²⁵ material consists essentially of inner and -outer laminations of plastic resin film. The outer lamination is polyethylene terephthalate resin film, known by the trademark “Mylar,” having -a thickness of .0005 inch. The inner lamination is polyethylene resin film having -a thick³⁰ ness of .002 inch. It is a preferred feature of this particular film, as well -as of any suitable equivalents, that the material must possess -a high degree of hydrocarbon gas retentiveness. In the preferred example, such rententiveness is characteristic of the Mylar lamination.

^3o The packaging material must also be readily amenable to the formation of a permanent, gas-tight heat seal. In the preferred embodiment this characteristic is supplied by the polyethylene lamination. Studies have ₄₍₎ shown that the inner lamination of polyethylene should not exceed .002 inch in thickness because of its propensity to -absorb significant quantities of hydrocarbon gas from the mud sample.

Other flexible, heat-sealable packaging materials may 45 be used, including metal foils, for example. A foil may be used alone, -or as -a lamination with a synthetic resin film. Pressure alone is capable of forming a metal-tometal seal, without the need for heat.

With a continued flow of mud stream through the con50 fined space near outlet 35, the clamping jaws 22 are activated and engaged -against -opposite sides of tube 21 to form a mud sample pouch 61 -as illustrated in FIGURE 6. With clamping jaws 22 remaining engaged, a signal is received from controller 29 by the solenoid which 55 activates pneumatic piston 31 and lifts plunger 30, thereby admitting -a stream of water through line 18 -and port 19. This position of plungers 26 and 30 is illustrated in FIGURE 3, -and the position of the clamping and sealing jaws is shown in FIGURE 7. The circulation of water 60 within the space confined by packaging film 21 at the end of delivery -tube 17 functions primarily to remove mud and cuttings from the inner surface of film 21 lying opposite sealing jaws 23. About 15 seconds of water flow is usually adequate to clean the sealing area, where⁶⁵ upon the heat seal jaws are -activated to the position indicated in FIGURE 8, immediately adjacent the -area held by clamping jaws 22. The flow of water is then interrupted by a signal from controller 29 which returns ₇₀ plunger 30 to its seated position, closing port 19.

The position of plungers 26 and 30 -at this time is illustrated in FIGURE 2. Electric current is then supplied to heating element 53 of sealing jaws 23, thereby completing the formation of a sealed mud pouch. Upon completion of a seal, both clamping jaws 22 -and heat

3,333,391 ⁵ seal jaws 23 are returned to their retracted positions as indicated in FIGURES 1 and 9.

At this time signals are received from controller 29 by clamp 36 and ratchet actuator 38. The consequent release of clamp 36 and rotation of wheel 24 causes the 5 packaging film ¢0 be advanced to a new position, as illustrated by FIGURE 10. Clamp 36 is then actuated, as shown in FIGURE 11, and a new cycle is begun.

The entire operation of sampling, packaging and storing requires about one minute. The operation is con- ₁₀trolled by sequence controller 29 which is operated by a 60 cycle 110 volt A.C. synchronous motor geared down to 1 r.p.m. The controller allows the mud to be sampled after each 5, 10, 15 or 30 minute interval. The sampling frequency should be selected in accordance with the 15 drilling rate, to obtain mud samples which represent a constant drilling depth interval. Also the controller contains, op is connected with, a conventional Geolograph chart recorder, or other drilling time recorder, in order to prepare a record of the time at which each particular 20 sample is packaged. Thus by comparing the packaging sequence controller record with the drilling time record, the drilling depth for each mud sample is readily identified. As understood by one skilled in the art, the sampling time may be correlated with drilling depth by calculating 25 the lag time required for a given increment of mud to rise from bottom hole to the mud return flow line, or to the surface conductor casing.