Spinning polypropylenes which have been subjected to thermal degradation promoted bythe presence of sulfur compounds

Aug. 4, 1964 j _{F L} Roberts etal 3,143.584

SPINNING POLYPROPYLENES WHICH HAVE BEEN SUBJECTED TO THERMAL DEGRADATION PROMOTED BY THE /SOAACT/C 7°OAy/°AO/°y4£/V£.

HffitWMmwts/c v/Ecos/yy 0w/?r etas a % t-swzwa'/? towwvos vw//c#y/£i0 TW/yz 7?/?y>/c/?/.s

PRESENCE OF SULFUR COMPOUNDS Filed March 15, 1962

<img file="US3143584A_D0001.tif" />

ATTORNEY/?

United States Patent Office _Patentea by P. J. Flory, is conveniently measured in tetralin at 135° C.

Birefringence, which indicates the degree of orientation of the spun filaments, may be measured by means of a 5 polarising microscope fitted with a suitable compensator.

It is an inherent feature of our invention that both the intrinsic viscosity and birefringence of the spun yarn are carefully controlled within specified ranges. By limiting the birefringence of the spun filaments to the 10 specified extent higher draw ratios may be applied subsequently and the combination of low birefringence and high draw ratio yields yams having higher tenacity. The spun yarn birefringence can be controlled effectively through the spinning temperature and in particular the wind-up speed which are in general varied within the limits 240-320° C. and 500-4,000 feet per minute respectively. By starting with polypropylene of higher intrinsic viscosity and degrading it by the thermal treatment preferably in the presence of appropriate sulphur compounds before or during spinning to a lower intrinsic viscosity a further advantage in tenacity of the yams obtained after drawing may be attained.

The thiyl radical, R—S—·, where R is an organic residue, is formed on heating a wide range of sulphur compounds. For instance, the following substances give rise to the radical, generally by oxidation or dissociation: Thiols (particularly those of an aromatic character) such as thiophenols, e.g. thio /3-naphthol, pentachlorothiophenol and dodecylmercaptan; compounds which can give rise to thiols by tautomeric change such as thioureas, including mercaptobenzimidazole; thioacids such as dinonyldithiophosphoric acid and their salts; disulphides and polysulphides such as mercaptobenzthiazole disulphide, di-isopropyldithiophosphoryl disulphide, diphenyl disulphide, di-o-benzamidodiphenyl-disulphide, diaroyldisulphides, diaroylpolysulphides and amine polysulphides, e.g. 4:4' dithiomorpholine.

Other suitable substances include compounds containing weak bonds between sulphur and another atom, such as dialkyl monosulphides, diaryl monosulphides, diaralkyl monosulphides, diacyl monosulphides, thiophosphoryl monosulphides, dithiocarbamoyl monosulphides, benzthiazole sulphenamides, dithiophosphoryl sulphenamides, tetramethylthiurammonosulphide and alkylthioamines.

Many sulphur compounds which are suitable for our purpose can act as stabilizers for polyolefines under normal conditions and such compounds are particularly valuable in that they assist in bringing about reduction in molecular weight when the polyolefin is heated to very high temperatures either before or during spinning and thereafter protect the filaments against oxidation, degradation by light and heat up to about 150° C. As indicated in our copending application Serial No. 25,247, now abandoned, temperatures considerably above the polymer melting point are applied to bring about the desired degradation and for isotactic polypropylene temperatures above about 240° C. are preferred. It has been particularly observed that many substituted diphenyl 60 monosulphides, which otherwise stabilise polypropylene, assist degradation under our preferred thermal conditions. It is also possible to use the sulphur-containing compounds in association with other, sulphur-free substances which either are themselves stalilizers for polyolefines or form synergistic stabilizing compositions. For instance the sulphur compounds may be added to the olefin polymer together with sulphur-free ultraviolet light absorbers (e.g. carbon black), antioxidants, free-radical inhibitors and metal-ion inhibitors. In our improved 70 process quite small amounts of the sulphur compounds are required and less than 2 percent (by weight of the polyolefin) is generally adequate.

3,143,584

SPINNING POLYPROPYLENES WHICH HAVE BEEN SUBJECTED TO THERMAL DEGRADATION PROMOTED BY THE PRESENCE OF SULFUR COMPOUNDS

John Francis Lloyd Roberts and Eric Walker, Harrogate, and Gerald Scott, Manchester, England, assignors to Imperial Chemical Industries Limited, London, England, a corporation of Great Britain

Filed Mar. 15,1962, Ser. No. 180,019

Claims priority, application Great Britain Mar. 28, 1961 4 Claims. (CL 264—210)

The present invention relates to the spinning of polypropylene, in particular to the melt spinning of crystalline polypropylene having a stereoregular structure. 15 It is known from British Patent No. 810,023 to prepare fibres and filaments from crystalline propylene polymers which are linear and essentially unbranched in character and which are substantially composed of macromolecules wherein the asymmetric carbon atoms have, 20 at least for long stretches, the same steric configuration. Crystalline polyolefines of this type are now widely known as isotactic polyolefines.

Filaments spun from isotactic polypropylene may be oriented by drawing, preferably at elevated temperatures, ²³and subsequently possess useful tensile characteristics such as high tenacity. This property, together with the comparatively low density of the polymer, makes these polypropylene filaments particularly useful in the formation of ropes and cordage. It will be appreciated there- ³θ fore that the definition of spinning and processing conditions which will yield the highest possible tenacity in filaments of isotactic polypropylene is of great importance.

It is known from our copending application (Serial No. 25,247), now abandoned, that filaments of isotactic polypropylene having tenacities up to about 10 grams per denier may be produced if isotactic propylene polymer having an intrinsic viscosity (measured in tetralin at 135° C.) of greater than about 2.5 is subjected to a drastic thermal treatment prior to extrusion in order to reduce the intrinsic viscosity by degradation to a value in the range 0.5 to 1.5. It is further shown in the same specification that for attainment of the highest tenacities the thermal treatment prior to extrusion must be associated with control of the conditions of spinning so as to produce a spun yam having an intrinsic viscosity greater than 0.5, preferably 1.25 to 150, and a birefringence of less than 10X10^-3, preferably less than 3χ10~³ and then ₅₀drawing the spun yarn at an elevated temperature to a draw ratio of at least 2 to 1, preferably at least 4.5 to 1. It is further stated that substances may be added to assist the process of degradation during the drastic thermal treatment. We have now discovered that certain com- 55 pounds of sulphur greatly assist the degradative process allowing less drastic thermal conditions to be employed for the same effect.

According to the present invention we provide a process for the production of fibres or filaments of polypropylene having greatly improved tenacity from isotactic propylene polymer having an intrinsic viscosity greater than 2 by melt spinning yielding filaments having an intrinsic viscosity greater than 0.5 and a birefringence of less than 10χ10“³ which filaments are then drawn at a 65 ratio of at least 2 to 1 wherein prior to melt spinning the polypropylene is subjected to thermal degradation in the presence of a sulphur compound which gives rise to thiyl radicals.

Intrinsic viscosity which is proportioned to number average molecular weight as defined on page 309 of the 1953 edition of “Principles of Polymer Chemistry,”

3,143,584

Polypropylene filaments produced in accordance with our invention which is essentially concerned with high tenacity filamentary yarns, find widespread use in industry, for example in ropes, cordages and nets. The filaments may also be used in known manner as a reinforcement in articles such as conveyor belts, hose pipes and tyres made of other materials, particularly rubber and in the form of monofilaments, as bristles for brushes. Fabrics of polypropylene may be used in accumulators as separators or as retainers for tubular type plates.

The process of our invention may also be applied in making staple fibres of polypropylene having a high initial modulus. The staple fibres are particularly useful in the form of blends with cotton and may be used either alone or in blends with other fibres in outlets where hard wearing properties are important, for instance in pile fabrics and as coverings for tennis balls. Isotactic polypropylene has a density of about 0.9 and therefore floats in water so that the filaments and fibres are of special interest in marine applications, for example in mooring lines and as a filling for life jackets.

The process of our invention, as described herein, relates primarily to spinning of isotactic polypropylene. It will, however, be understood that mixtures of isotactic and atactic polypropylene can be used and that the improvement in tenacity obtained by using a low birefringence/high draw ratio procedure together with preliminary degradation from a higher to a lower intrinsic viscosity is also possible in filaments of stereoregular polyolefins in general including copolymers of alpha-olefines such as propylene/ethylene copolymers. The technique of using degraded polyalphaolefines and of imparting only a low degree of molecular orientation at extrusion are applicable to films and any other shaped articles in which high tensile strength is important.

For the production of high tenacity yams by the process of our invention suitable values of spun yarn intrinsic viscosity are in the range from about 1.0 to about 1.6 Below this range control of spun yarn quality becomes difficult and above this range the high tenacities cannot be attained. For staple fibre production such close control of spun yarn intrinsic viscosity is not so important and satisfactory fibres may be produced from spun yarns having an intrinsic viscosity in the range about 0.7-2.6.

The following examples illustrate but in no way limit the scope of our invention.

Example 1

Isotactic polypropylene having an intrinsic viscosity (in decalin at 135° C.) of 2.9 to which 0 to 1.5 percent by weight of 4,4' thio-bis (3-methyl-6-tert-butyl-phenol) had been added was fed into a screw melter from which the molten polymer was supplied to a metering pump and thence through a filter consisting Of 10-20 B.S. mesh sand to a five-hole spinneret (hole diameter 0.015 inch). The screw melter, metering pump and filter were enclosed in an electrically heated jacket which was maintained at the required spinning temperature. In all cases conditions were adjusted so that the molten polymer was subjected to the required spinning temperature for ten minutes.

The table which follows shows the effect of the concentration of the sulphur compound and the temperature on process of degradation as measured by intrinsic viscosity (I.V.)

<td rowspan="2"> Percent Sulphur Compound</td><td colspan="3"> Spun Yam, I.V., after Spinning at—</td>

<td> 280° C.</td><td> 290° C.</td><td> 300° C.</td>

<td> 0.0 ----- - ______________________</td><td> 2.3</td><td> 2.0</td><td> 1.6</td>

<td> 0 5 ___________ _</td><td> 1.8</td><td> 1.5</td><td> 1.2</td>

<td> 1.0 _____ ______________________</td><td> 1.6</td><td> 1.3</td><td> 0.9</td>

<td> 1.5 ____________________</td><td> 1.6</td><td> 1.2</td><td> 0.7</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

Example 2

Isotactic polypropylene having an intrinsic viscosity of 3.5 to which one percent by weight of a sulphur compound had been added was fed into a screw melter and ³ then spun as described in Example 1. In all cases the molten polymer was subjected to the required spinning temperature for ten minutes.

The table which follows the effect of four different sulphur compounds and spinning temperature required to ⁴³ bring the spun yarn intrinsic viscosity (I.V.) into the range 1.0 to 1.6. Also shown in this table is the effectiveness of these sulphur compounds as stabilizers at lower temperatures.

Sulphur Compound

Spinning Spun

Tempera- Yarn, I.V. ture (° C.)

Spun Yarn, I.V., after 100 hours at 140° C.

None___________________________

None_____’______________________

None___________________________

Compound A.__________________

Compound B___________________

Compound C___________________

Compound D__________________

2902.6

2802.9

2503.3

2901.3

2801.3

2501.1

2901.3

The sulphur compounds used were: Compound A, 4,4' thio-bis(3methyl-5-tert-butylphenol); Compound B, 2,2' thio-bis (3-tert-butyl-5methylphenol); Compound C, 2,2' bis(N-phenylbenzamido)-phenyl disulphide; Compound D, 4,4' thio-bis(2-methyi-5-tert-butylphenol).

Example 3

Isotactic polypropylene having an intrinsic viscosity of 3.0 to which 0.1-0.3% by weight of 2,2'thio-bis(6-methyl3,5-tert-butylphenol) had been added was fed into a screw extruder electrically heated in such a way as to provide a temperature gradient along its length. The screw ex35 truder supplied molten polymer of the desired intrinsic viscosity to a metering pump whence it passed through a filter consisting of 10-20 B.S. mesh sand to a 40-hole spinneret (hole diameter 0.015 inch). The metering pump, filter and spinneret were enclosed in a vapour jacket which maintained the required spinning temperature. The temperatures in the spinning equipment were adjusted for each concentration of sulphur compound to give spun yarn of substantially constant intrinsic viscosity and the birefringence of the spun yarn was also kept substantially constant ,- by controlling the wind-up speed. In both cases the throughput was 6.5 to 7.0 lbs. per hour.

<td rowspan="2"> Percent Sulphur Compound 50</td><td rowspan="2"> ScrewExtruder Temperaatures (° C.)</td><td rowspan="2"> Vapour Jacket Temperaature (°C.)</td><td colspan="2"> Spun Yarn Properties</td>

<td> Intrinsic Vixcosity</td><td> Birefringence</td>

<td> 0.1___________________</td><td rowspan="3"> 239-277 239-273</td><td rowspan="3"> 276 270</td><td rowspan="3"> 1.45 1.46</td><td rowspan="3"> 1,00X10-3 1.01X10-3</td>

<td> 0.3___________________</td>

<td></td>

Example 4

Isotactic polypropylene having an intrinsic viscosity (I.V.) between 1.4 and 3.0 to which 0 to 0.2% by weight of 4,4'thio-bis(3-methyl-6-tert-butyl-phenol) had been added was fed into a screw melter and then spun as in Ex³³ ample 1. In all cases spinning conditions were substantially constant and the birefringence of the spun filaments was also kept substantially constant at a value of 2.5 x 10-³.

The table which follows shows the improvement in ⁶³ maximum tenacity attained by a high degree of thermal degradation of the polypropylene prior to extrusion.

<td> I.V. of polypropylene used 70</td><td> Percent of Sulphur Compound Added</td><td> Spun Yarn, I.V.</td><td> Maximum Tenacity (g./den.)</td>

<td> 1.44____________________________</td><td> 0.0</td><td> 1.26</td><td> 7.0</td>

<td> 1.44_______________ _ ______</td><td> 0.4</td><td> 1.05</td><td> 7.5</td>

<td> 3.0________________________________</td><td> 0.2</td><td> 1.26</td><td> 8.7</td>

3,143,584

The invention is illustrated in the drawing in which FIG. 1 shows isotactic polypropylene being introduced into an extruder 1 in which it is heated to an elevated temperaure for degradation and is extruded in. the form of filaments. The filaments are drawn by draw rolls 2, preferably after having passed through other rolls 3.