Spray nozzle

Aug. 27, 1957

1. H. MARANTZ

SPRAY NOZZLE

2,804,337

Filed Feb. 28, 1955

Sheets-Sheet 1

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ATTORNEYS

Aug. 27, 1957

I. H. MARANTZ

SPRAY NOZZLE

2,804,337

Filed Feb. 28, 1955

Sheets-Sheet 2

<img file="US2804337A_D0002.tif" />

2,804,337

Patented Aug. 27, 1957

United States Patent Office

2,804,337

SPRAY NOZZLE

Israel H. Marantz, Forest Hills, N. Y., assignor to Columbia Cable &amp; Electric Corporation, a corporation of New York

Application February 28,1955, Serial No. 491,151

Claims. (Cl. 299—28.7)

It is noted that in nozzles of the type to spray particles of metal for example, which are heated by an inflammable gas to a highly plastic state almost reaching molten condition, the abrasive action caused by the movement of the particles through the nozzle will, after a long period of: use, wear away the walls of the passageway through which the particles are forced with resultant inoperativeness of the nozzle and need for replacement of the entire unit with resultant relatively high cost.

It is accordingly among the objects of the invention to provide an inexpensive spray nozzle that is neat, compact and sturdy, that has but few parts and which is not likely to clog or become out of order, which is substantially devoid of gaskets which are likely to become defective and cause leakage in the nozzle with resultant inefficiency thereof and which is designed to eliminate wear of the main portion of the nozzle tip so that replacement costs will be reduced to a minimum.

Where to increase the output of a spray nozzle of the above type, the outlet is enlarged to increase the diameter of the stream of particles expelled therefrom, as the particles in the core of the stream will be substantially unaffected by the ignited inflammable gas associated with the stream of particles, such substantially unheated particles will not adhere to the article being sprayed with resultant inefficiency of the nozzle.

Where the particles expelled from the nozzle are heated to the highly-plastic condition as soon as they emerge from the nozzle, such particles may adhere to the nozzle with resultant clogging of the latter.

It is accordingly another object of the invention to provide a spray nozzle of the above type that will have a relatively high output yet with assurance that all of the particles expelled therefrom will be uniformly heated to the desired condition for optimum adhesion to the object being sprayed and with assurance that the particles will not be heated sufficiently immediately upon emergence from the nozzle to clog the latter.

This application is a continuation-in-part of copending application Serial No. 290,764, filed May 29, 1952, now abandoned.

According to the invention, these objects are accomplished by the arrangement and combination of elements hereinafter described and particularly recited in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings in which are shown one or more of various possible embodiments of the several features of the invention,

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the nozzle,

Fig. 2 is an end view of the nozzle,

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the nozzles,

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of still another embodiment of the nozzle, and

Fig. 5 is an exploded view of the embodiment of Fig. 4.

Referring now to the drawings, the spray nozzle shown in Fig. 1 desirably comprises a substantially cylindrical rod 11 which forms the body portion of the nozzle and which desirably has an axial bore 12 extending therethrough. The rear end of bore 12 is desirably of enlarged diameter as at 13 and is internally threaded as at 14 to receive the threaded reduced end 15 of a handle 16.

The front end of the body portion 11 is desirably of reduced diameter as at 17 forming a beveled shoulder 18. Affixed to such reduced end 17 is the nozzle tip 21 which desirably is substantially cylindrical as shown and has an axial bore 22 therethrough of enlarged diameter at its rear end 23, said enlarged diameter end of bore 22 being internally threaded as at 24 so that it may be screwed on the correspondingly externally threaded end 17 of the body portion 11. Desirably the nose of reduced end 17 has an outstanding annular flange 25 against which the shoulder 26 formed by the enlargement of bore 22 may abut, to provide a tight seal.

Means are desirably provided to propel a stream of particles through the aligned bores 12 and 22 in the body portion 11 and the tip 21 respectively. To this end the bore 12 desirably has a plug 31 affixed therein near the enlarged portion 13 thereof, said plug 31 having a substantially conical nose 32 and desirably having an axial bore 33 therethrough of enlarged diameter as at 34 at its rear end. Although the plug 31 may be affixed in bore 12 in any suitable manner, in the embodiment herein shown, the plug 31 is externally threaded so that it may be screwed into the correspondingly threaded bore.

The inlet 36 of bore 33 desirably is positioned adjacent a transverse passageway 37 extending through the wall of body portion 11 into the enlargement 13 of bore 12. Affixed in passageway 37 is a fitting 38 to which the outlet 39 of a suitable gas regulating valve 41 may be affixed, the inlet 42 of said valve desirably being con-: nected to a source of compressed gas (not shown). The nose end 32 of plug 31 is desirably positioned adjacent a transverse passageway 45 extending laterally through the wall of body portion 11 into bore 12 adjacent said nose 32. Affixed in passageway 45 is a fitting 46 which is connected to a source of particles, illustratively of zinc, to be sprayed.

The tip 21 is desirably formed so that a suitable gas may be forced therethrough to be ignited at the outlet 51 thereof to develop an intense heat whereby the particles propelled through the bore 22 may be transformed to a highly plastic state almost reaching the molten condition. To this end, the tip 21 desirably has an annular groove 52 adjacent its rear end and a plurality of gas outlet passageways 53 encompassing the axial bore 22 of the tip and converging at their outlet ends 55.

Encompassing the tip 21 is a sleeve 61 which desirably has a plurality of radiating fins 62 to provide a large surface area for cooling of such tip, said sleeve 61 encompassing said annular groove 52 to form a gas inlet chamber. Means are desirably provided to force a mixture of suitable highly inflammable gases into the groove 52. To this end the sleeve 61 has a lateral passageway 64 therethrough in communication at one end with said groove 52, the other end of said passageway having the end 65 of a tube 66 affixed therein. The other end 67 of tube 66 has a manifold 68 suitably affixed thereon so that a mixture of inflammable gases such as oxygen and acetylene may be forced through the bore 69 of tube 66.

As shown in Fig. 1, the manifold 68 desirably comprises a circular block 71 having an axial extension 72 of reduced diameter. The block 71 desirably has two bores 73 and 74 leading thereinto, the inlet ends of which have fittings 75 and 76 secured therein respectively, to which sources of oxygen an acetylene gas may be connected respectively.

The axial extension 72 of the manifold desirably has a bore 81 therethrough, the inner end 82 of which is connected by passageway 83 to the bore 73 of the mani2,804,337 fold. Although the manifold may be affixed to tube 66 in any suitable manner, in the embodiment shown, a sleeve 86 encompassing tube 66 has its externally threaded end 87 screwed into the corresponding threaded bore -81. Thus when the sleeve is rotated in bore 8l· and-abuts against an annular, shoulder 84 formed on. tube 66. the conical end 91 of bore 81 will be-pressed tightly- againstthe conical end 92 of tube 66 securely to retain the -manifold affixed to the tube.

The conical end-92-of tube 66 desirably has an annular 10 groove 95 in its periphery which coacts with a. corresponding annular-groove 96 in.the bore of manifold 68· to form an annular-gas chamber-97; said-chamber-being in communication with-the bore-69 of tube 66 by -means of- a plurality- - of - inclined, passageways 98 and being 15 supplied with-gas from bore-74 through a_:passageway 99.

Means are desirably -provided to- cool the - tip 21 and to prevent spreading of. the stream -.of -particles emerging from the outlet 51 thereof. To this end, the tip 21&lt;has an annular groove 101-therein-which-is encompassed-by ²⁰the sleeve 61 to form an air -chamber. The tip 21 desirably has a plurality of passageways 102'· leading-from said groove 101 to-the outer end of the. tip, said-passageways converging at their outlets ends 105 which form aring encompassing, the Outlets 55 of the passageways 53· ²^ and-the outlet 51 of the tip-.

In-order to supply the air chamber defined-by-annular groove 101i the sleeve 61-has a lateral passageway 106 therethrough in-communication at one end with, groove 101. -The other end of said passageway-has a fitting-107 · ³θ therein to which the outlet of a suitable air regulating valve 108- may be affixed, the inlet: 109 of said valve desirably being connected to a source of compressed air (not shown) .

In-the operation of-the nozzle shown in Figs. .1 and 2, ^5 as compressed air is forced through fitting 38 into the enlarged portion 13 of bore 12, such air will pass through the bores 34 and 33-of plug 31-and emerges from the outlet-end-32 thereof as a high velocity jet. This jet will· create a suction at-the adjacent end of passageway 45· so that particles will be sucked into bore 12 and be propelled through the aligned bores 12-and 22-to emerge from the outlet 51 of tip 21.

The mixture of inflammable gases forced into groove 52‘will-pass through the passageways 53 and emerge; 45 from the outlets 55 thereof as a circular stream encompassing the stream of gas and particles. The inflammable gases may be ignited by any suitable means causing the particles to soften to a highly plastic, though not molten state. 50

By reason of the- converging passageways 102 connected to annular groove 101, excessive spreading of the spray of particles and gas emerging from outlet 51 of tip 21 is prevented. Thus the high velocity jets from the outlets 105 of passageways 102 will. strike: the pe- 55 riphery of the stream of particles and air emerging from outlet 51 thereby substantially. preventing spreading of such stream.

In addition, as the air emerging from outlet 105' is relatively cool, as the heated particles strike the article 60 being sprayed, they will rapidly cool and congeal thereby preventing dripping of such plastic particles. from the article and ensuring adherence of such particles thereto.

It has- been found that as the particles are forced through the bore 22 in the tip 21, the abrasive, action 65 caused by such moving particles, will,· after a long period of use, wear away the inner wall of the bore 22. Such wearing may cause the passageways 53.to be exposed to the bore 22· with· resultant inoperativeness of the device as the flame caused by the gases would cause the 70 particles to become plastic in the bore 22 with resultant congealing of such, particles in such bore 22 and clogging thereof.· However, by reason of the ease by which the relatively inexpensive tip 21 may be removed, it is a relatively simple matter to replace the· latter without need 75

... . ⁴ for discarding the entire nozzle. Thus maintenance costs of such nozzle are relatively low.

The embodiment of the nozzle shown in Fig. 3 is designed to eliminate entirely the need for replacement of 5 the nozzle tip 21. This nozzle is substantially identical to that shown in Fig. 1 and corresponding parts have the same reference numerals primed. Thus, the nozzle shown in Fig. 3 has a metal tube 110 .positioned in the bore 22' of the tip 21'. The tube 110 is of diameter such that it fits snugly in said bore, and. desirably has an outwardlyextending annular flange 111 at the rear end-thereof which may be clamped between the shoulder 26' of¹ tip 21' and flange 25' of ; body portion ll^f thereby securely retaining the tube in position.

Desirably the end of-bore-22' in-tip-21' adjacent the nose 54' of said tip, is of enlarged diameter as at 112 forming an annular shoulder 113 through which the outlets 55' of passageways 53' extend, the end 114 of tube 110; which extends beyond-said- shoulder-113; guiding the mixture of inflammable gases as they· emerge from the outlets 55' of the tip.

With the nozzle shown in Fig. 3, the operation of which is substantially identical to the nozzle shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the abrasive action of the particles will wear away only the tube 110. When this occurs, it is a relatively simple matter to remove the tip from the body portion 11 and then remove the tube 110 from the tip and replace the worn tube. As the: tubes 110 are relatively inexpensive, it is apparent that the nozzle shown in Fig. 3 may be used for long periods with only a minimum of maintenance cost.

In the embodiment shown in Figs, 4 and 5, the nozzle tip 21' is substantially cylindrical being formed from a plurality of elements, illustratively five in number and designated respectively the base 121; intermediate elements 122,123 and 124 and .the nose element 125-which, when secured together as by screws 126, define a powder chamber 127, an air chamber 128, a gas chamber 129 and a second air chamber 131.

The end 133 of the nozzle tip 21 has four concentric annular outlets 134, 135, 136 and 137. in communication respectively with , the chambers 127,· 128, 129 and 131 through annular passageways 141, 142, 143 and 144. The passageways 141, 142; and 143 extend parallel to the axis of the nozzle and the passageway 144 is inclined inwardly from its inner, end 1451ο its outlet end 137 for the purpose hereinafter set forth.

Removably mounted at one end as at 146 in the base 121 and extending axially therefrom through, a central recess 147 therein,· is a rod 148 which extends through a sleeve 149 screwed into a threaded axial bore 151 in intermediate element 122, the annular passageway 141 being defined by said rod 148 and. the inner surface of sleeve 149.

The surface 152 of element . 122 .adjacent bore 151 is desirably concave and such concave surface and the recess 147 in base 121 define the powder chamber 127. By reason of such concavity, when powder is forced under pressure into chamber 127 through threaded bores 153 and 154 in base 121, in the manner hereinafter described, it will be deflected thereby into the passageway 141.

The-sleeve 149 extends through' a .recess 155 in element 122 and through a sleeve 156 screwed into a threaded axial bore 157 in intermediate element 123; the annular passageway 142 being defined between said sleeves 149 and 156- and the air chamber 128 being defined by. the recess 155 and the adjacent surface 158 of element 123,

The sleeve 156 extends through a recess 159 in element 123 and through a sleeve 161 illustratively formed integral with element 124 and aligned with- the. bore 162 therethrough, the annular passageway 143 being: defined between said sleeves 156 and 161 and the gas chamber 129 being defined by the recess 159 and the adjacent surface of element 124.

To provide a passageway for air and gas into chambers

2,804,337

128 and 129, the elements 122 and 113 each has a radial bore 163 and 164 respectively extending into the associated chamber.

Sleeve 161 which has a tapered outer surface, extends through the correspondingly tapered bore 166 of nose element 125, the passageway 144 being defined between the sleeve 161 and bore 166.

The portion of nose element 125 adjacent element 124 has a recess 167 which, when in juxtaposition with element 124 defines the air chamber 131. To provide a passageway into chamber 131 the nose element 125 has a radial bore 168 leading into chamber 131 and a fitting 169 is connected to said bore 168.

The dimensions of the rod 148, the sleeves 149, 156 and 161 and the nose element 125 are so selected in the embodiment shown that the outlets 134, 135,136 and 137 all lie in the same plane.

In the operation of the embodiment shown in Figs. 4 and 5, as compressed air is forced through fittings 38' of both body portions 11 in the manner described with respect to the embodiments of Figs. 1 and 2, a suction will be created at the end of passageways 45' adjacent the outlet end 32' of plug 31' to suck particles from the source of supply connected to fitting 46' and to force such particles into powder chamber 127. The particles will be deflected by concave surface 152 and be forced through -annular passageway 141 to be expelled from outlet 134.

A mixture of suitable highly inflammable gases is forced through bore 164 into chamber 129 and it will pass through annular passageway 143 to be expelled as an annular stream from annular outlet 136 encompassing the annular powder stream expelled from outlet 134. The gases may be mixed in a suitable manifold similar to that shown in Fig. 1 and designated by the numeral 68, and which is connected to bore 164.

A source of air under pressure is connected to bore 163 and to fitting 169 and such air will flow into the associated chamber 128 and 131, through annular passageways 142 and 144 to be expelled from annular outlets 135 and 137.

When the sources of air, gas and powder particles are thus connected, the inflammable gases emerging from annular outlet 136 may be ignited by any suitable means causing the particles to soften to a highly plastic, though not molten state.

By reason of the relatively cool air emerging from annular outlet 135 which is between the powder stream and the stream of inflammable gases, such gases will not heat the particles sufficiently to reduce them to highly plastic conditions until they are sufficiently spaced from the nose of the nozzle tip to prevent clogging of the outlets therein.

As the annular stream of air expelled from annular outlet 137 is also relatively cool, the nozzle tip 21 will not get excessively hot and as the heated particles strike the article being sprayed, they will rapidly cool and congeal thereby preventing dripping of such plastic particles from the article and ensuring adherence of such particles thereto.

Furthermore, due to the fact that the stream of air expelled from outlet 137 is directed toward the stream of particles and gas, excessive spreading of such particle and gas streams is prevented so that a maximum amount of gas will be in juxtaposition to the particles for heating thereof. In addition, the stream of particles will be relatively concentrated so that substantially all of the particles will strike the article being sprayed with resultant elimination of waste.

By reason of the relatively large diameter of the annular outlet 134 from which the particles are expelled, even though the outlet is relatively narrow, the quantity of particles expelled is relatively great. As the thickness of the annular particle stream is relatively small, substantially all the particles in such stream will be uniformly heated by the gases with assurance that such particles will be reduced to the desired molten state for optimum adherence to the article being sprayed.

In the event of wear of the rod 148 and sleeve 149 after long use of the nozzle tip, due to the abrasive action 5 of the particles through passageway 141, as such rod and sleeve are removably mounted in the base 121 and the intermediate element 122 respectively, they may readily be replaced so that maintenance costs of the nozzle are relatively low.

As many changes could be made in the above construction, and many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be made without departing from the scope of the claims, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the ac15 companying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.