Method of bookbinding

Dec. 25, 1951

H.

FREEMAN

2,579,488

METHOD

OF BOOKBINDING

Filed Oct. 23, 1946

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BY

ATTORNEYS.

Dec. 25, 1951

H. FREEMAN

2,579,488

METHOD OF BOOKBINDING

Filed Oct. 23, 1946

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INVENTOR.

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Patented Dec. 25, 1951

2,579,488

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

2,579,488

METHOD OF BOOKBINDING

Harry Freeman, Providence, E. I.

Application October 23,1946, Serial No. 705,044

Claims.

This invention relates to the art of book binding.

Usually in binding of a book some stitching of the folios occurs prior to the placing of the casing about the folios and securing the same in position. The stitching is an expensive operation and one which requires considerable preparation and handling. Likewise, considerable handling has to be had for the assembly of the case about the folios which have been stitched together.

One of the objects of the invention is to assemble all of the parts of the book and secure these parts together without further handling.

Another object of this invention is to provide a device whereby the folios to be bound may be placed in their relative position and the case may, at the same time, be placed in its relative position to the folios; and then, by electrically heating, the parts may be secured together so that the book may be bound with the folios and case complete and in either one or in successive operations without intermediate handling or manipulation of assembled parts.

More specifically an object of this invention is to provide a plastic strip of material which will have the essentials of the book binding parts for securing together the folios and for securing the case to the folios.

Another object of this invention is to provide this strip of material, which is utilized in my new method of book binding, of such shape that it may be extruded in the cross section desired ready for use by cutting off to the required length.

Another object of this invention is to provide a dielectric means for quickly heating and softening the strip which is utilized in this invention.

With these and other objects in view, the invention consists of certain novel features of construction as will be more fully discribed and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a book which has been bound in accordance with the method set forth in this application.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view illustrating three different circuits which may be utilized one after the other in dielectric heating of the material or strip which is utilized in this inventon.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view illustrating the bound folios and strip which is utilized for securing these folios together and also illustrating a fragmental portion of the case for the book.

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Figure 3 but illustrating a different circuit for bringing into action different electrodes of the heating apparatus.

(CI. 281—21)

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Figs. 3 and 4 but illustrating the operation of other electrodes.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing a strip of one form which is utilized in this invention.

³ Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing a similar strip of a modified arrangement.

In proceeding with this invention I extrude a plastic material through an opening of a certain shape so that this material will be produced in 1° proper cross sectional shape and of indefinite length which may be cut off in accordance with the length of the book to be bound. The strip consists essentially of two-ply material, with one ply being that used and applied to the folded ¹³ edges of the book folios, while the other ply is attached to the back of the book casing. Two sets of flanges extend from these different plies, one set has one flange secured to the outer surface of the top folio, while the other is secured to ²⁰ the outer surface of the bottom folio. The other set of flanges are secured so that one flange is attached to the inner surface of each board of the casing. The securing of the strip is accom_ plished by placing an electrode between the plies ²⁵ and by the use of other suitable electrodes extending along the outer surface of the back of the casing and along the adjoining surfaces of the flanges and at the free edges of the book folios.

I may selectively cause high frequency dielectric heat to be passed to heat this plastic material in different portions, first softening it so that it will conform and adhere to the folded edges of the folios when the same is softened, and there35 after softening and causing it to adhere to the outer surfaces of the folios and to the case. The heating is accomplished quickly by the use of this dielectric heat, and the circuits may be selected in a very convenient manner so that the parts 40 to be assembled need not be changed after once placed in position.

With reference to the drawings, and particularly Fig. 2,1 provide a plurality of folios 10 assembled in superimposed relation with their 45 folded edges 11 substantially vertically aligned. The casing of the book to receive the folios consists of the top board 12, the bottom board 13 and the back 14. My strip for joining these parts together is shown in perspective in Fig. 6 and 50 comprises a ply i 5 to extend along the folded edges I I of the folios, a ply 16 to extend along the inner surface of the back 14 of the casing, flanges II and 18, one of which extends along the outer surface of the top folio, while the other 55 flange 18 extends along the outer surface of the

2,679,488 bottom folio. Additional flanges 19 and 20 are provided. The flange 19 extends along the inner surface of the board 12 of the casing, while the flange 20 extends along the inner surface of the board 13 of the casing.

This strip may be varied somewhat in form from the extruded form of Fig. 6 by connecting together two sheets of material, one of which is designed generally 21, and the other of which is designated generally 22; these being shown in perspective in Fig. 7 and being joined as at 23 and 24 so as to provide essentially a ply 25, a ply 26, flanges 27 and 28 for the outer surface of the folios and flanges 29 and 30 for the inner surface of the boards of the casing.

After providing the strip, such as shown in either Figs. 6 or 7, and positioning this, strip, as shown in Figs. 2 to 5, so that the ply i 5 is along the folded edges ί I of the folios 10, the ply (6- is along the inner surface of the back IS of the Casing, the flanges 17 and &gt;8 are along the outer surfaces of the folios IB and the flanges 19 and 26 are along, the inner surfaces of the boards 12 and i'3 of the casing, I provide an aluminum electrode 31 which will pass through the space 32 between the plies 15 and 13 or. the space 33 between the plies 25 and 2S, and, also, electrode 34 to engage the free edges 35 of the folios so that through this electrode 34 pressure may be brought upon the edges of the folios in the direction shown by arrow 36 in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 for pressing the folios in the direction shown by the arrow. I, also, provide electrode 37 which is in engagement with the flanges i7 and 19 and electrode 36 which is in engagement with flanges 18 and 20 as shown in Figs. 2 to 5, inclusive. These electrodes are also of a character so that pressure may be applied to them in the direction of the arrows 39 and 40 so as to force the flanges 17 and i8 and folios between them firmly into engagement. Another electrode 41 is provided for engagement with the back 14 of the casing and is of such a character that pressure may be applied through this electrode in the. direction of the arrow 42 as shown in Figs. 3 to 5. Other means, 43 and 44· as shown in Figs. 3 to 5, may engage the folios on their outer surfaces so as to. apply pressure through them as at 45 and 46 as shown in Fig. 3.

Three circuits for dielectric heating are utilized. The first of the circuits, as shown diagrammatically in Fig. 2, is designated generally 50 and is. connected to the electrode 31. through, the lead 51 while the return is conveniently shown by ground connection. When this circuit is in operation, the dielectric, heat is passed, through the ply (5 from the electrode 31 to the electrode 34 and will cause a heating of the ply 15 sufficient so that the ply 15 will, flow into the spaces be, tween the folios at their folded edges i i and will adhere to the folios at this location. This circuit is shown particularly in Fig. 3 as it applies: to the. folios and strip there involved, while it is 'shown diagrammatically in Fig. 2.

., After heating by this first circuit of operation just described, this circuit will be disconnected' . and a second circuit will be brought into opera. tion which is shown diagrammatically and designated 52 in Fig. 2. In this case, the source of energy will be supplied through the lead 53 to the three electrodes 31, 37 and 38 while the return is by electrode 41, . which is shown as grounded to. complete the dielectric circuit. When this circuit is energized, the ply 16 and flanges 19 and 20 will be heated until they are softened suffi4 ciently so as to adhere to the back 14 and boards 12 and 13 of the book casing.

The third circuit of operation is designated generally 54 in Fig. 2 and is that shown supplying energy through the lead 55 to the electrode 38 while the circuit from the electrode 37 is shown as grounded to complete this circuit. In this case, the flanges i 7 and (8 are heated until they become sufficiently soft so as to adhere to the outer surfaces of the folios i3.

These circuits which operate in sequence, one after the other, heat the plastic material which will be a polyvinyl chloride or some other suitable plastic and which will soften very quickly with this type of dielectric heating. After the first circuit has performed its operation in a certain definite length of time, the next circuit may be automatically brought into operation; and after it has served its purpose, the next circuit may be automatically brought into operation so that the time, required for softening and adhering of the parts of the’ Strip to the parts of the book to be assembled may take place quickly.

It will, be apparent that plastic strips of various chemical contents may be provided so long as they will perform the adhesive function and the function of being sufficiently flexible for the opening of the pages and sufficiently strong to withstand the strain which will normally be placed upon them. It will be readily apparent that the strip, as shown in Fig. 7, may be substituted for the strip shown in Fig. 6 in the operation. The cost of book assembly by reason of the provision of this new sort of strip and the method Of adhesion will be greatly reduced.