US2393085A

Internal-combustion engine

Abstract

This record has no abstract on file.

US2393085A, drawing sheet 1 — Sheet 1 of 5

Term

Term ended

Expired 25 August 1964, 62.1 years ago.

12 claims: 12 independent, 0 dependent

1
I claim:1. In a compression ignition engine, a cylinder, \ a pair of pistons in said cylinder adapted to 15 move toward and away from each other, said pistons having head portions providing a compression and combustion space within said pistons when the same are contiguous, an air chamber having inlet ports in communication with 20 the interior of said cylinder when said pistons are separated and cut off from communication with the interior of said cylinder when the pistons are together, said air chamber providing a receiver for air compressed by the movement of 25 said pistons, said pistons having a passageway in communication with said space, and fuel valve means in communication with said passageway.
2
In a compression ignition engine, a cylinder, a pair of pistons in said cylinder adapted to move 30 toward and away from each other, said pistons having dished head portions providing a compression and combustion space within said pistons, an air chamber having inlet ports in communication with the interior of said cylinder 35 when said pistons are separated and cut off from communication with the interior of said cylinder when the pistons are together, means for supplying air to said air chamber, said pistons having a passageway in communication with said space, and a fuel inlet valve in communication with? said passageway.
3
In a compression ignition engine, a cylinder having fuel injection means and circumferentially disposed air inlet ports, said cylinder also having circumferentially disposed exhaust ports spaced longitudinally from said air inlet ports, a chamber, in communication with said air inlet ports, valve means for controlling the supplying of air to said chamber for scavenging and for compression, opposed pistons reciprocable in said cylinder, said pistons having spaces therein, said pistons in their movement toward each other being adapted to cut off said inlet ports and trap a portion of the air compressed by said pistons in said chamber and another portion in said space, and port means in the pistons in communication with said fuel injection means and said space for the delivery of fuel into said space.
4
In a compression ignition engine, a cylinder 60 having fuel injection means and circumferentially disposed air inlet ports at the central part thereof, said cylinder also having circumferentially disposed exhaust ports spaced longitudinally . from said air inlet ports, a chamber in com- 65 munication with said air inlet ports, valve means for controlling the supplying of air to said chamber for scavenging and for compression, opposed pistons reciprocable in said cylinder, said pistons having hollow portions at the head ends thereof 70 providing a space therein, said pistons in their movement toward each other being adapted to cut off said inlet ports and trap a portion of the air compressed by said pistons in said chamber and another portion in said space, and port 75 )86 3 means in the pistons in communication with said fuel injection means and said space for the delivery of fuel into said space.
5
In a compression ignition engine, a cylinder having air inlet ports and exhaust ports spaced longitudinally from said air inlet ports, a chamber in communication with said air inlet ports, valve means for controlling the supplying of air to said chamber for scavenging and for compression, opposed pistons reciprocable in said cylinder, said pistons having hollow portions at the head ends thereof providing a space therein, said pistons in their movement toward each other being adapted to cut off said inlet ports and trap a portion of the air compressed by said pistons in said chamber and another portion in said· space, and means for supplying fuel into said space.
6
In a compression ignition engine, a cylinder having air inlet ports at the central part thereof and exhaust ports spaced longitudinally from said air inlet ports, a chamber in communication with said air inlet ports, valve means for controlling the supplying of air to said chamber for scavenging and for compression, opposed pistons reciprocable in said cylinder to positions to cut off said air inlet ports, said pistons having hollow portions therein providing an air compression space, and means for delivering fuel into said space..
7
In a compression ignition engine, a cylinder having fuel injection means and air inlet ports at the central portion thereof and exhaust ports spaced longitudinally from said air inlet ports towards each end thereof, a chamber in communication with said air inlet ports, valve means for controlling the supplying of air to said chamber for scavenging and for compression, opposed pistons reciprocable in said cylinder toward and 40 away from each other, said pistons being adapted to open said exhaust ports at one portion of the / movement thereof and to cut off said exhaust ports at another portion of the movement thereof, said pistons also being adapted to cut off said 45 air inlet ports when the same are together at the central portion of the cylinder, said pistons having a space therein for trapping a portion of the air cpmpressed by the movement of said pistons, said pistons also having a passageway 60 therein for the delivery of fuel from said fuel injection means to said space.
8
In a compression ignition engine, a cylinder having fuel injection means and air inlet ports at the central portion thereof and exhaust ports 55 spaced longitudinally from said air inlet ports towards each end thereof, a chamber in communication with said air inlet ports, valve means for controlling the supplying of air to said chamber for scavenging and for compression, opposed pistons reciprocable in said cylinder toward and away from each other, said pistons being adapted to open said exhaust ports at one portion of the movement thereof and to cut off said exhaust ports at another portion of the movement thereof, said pistons also being adapted to compress air in said chamber and to cut off said air inlet ports when the same are together at the center of the cylinder and trap air in said chamber, said pistons having a space therein for trapping a portion of the air compressed by the movement of said pistons, said pistons also having a passageway therein for the delivery of fuel from said fuel injection means to said space.
9
In a compression ignition engine, a cylinder having fuel injection means and circumferen4 J3,eo:tially disposed air inlet ports at the central portion thereof and circumferentially disposed exhaust ports spaced longitudinally from said air inlet ports towards each end thereof, a chamber in communication with said air inlet ports, valve C means for controlling the supplying of air to said chamber for scavenging and for compression, opposed pistons reciprocable in said cylinder toward and away from each other, said pistons being adapted to open said exhaust ports at the I outer ends of their strokes and to cut off said exhaust ports at other portions of the movement thereof, said pistons also being adapted to compress air in said chamber and to cut off said air inlet ports when the same are together at the I, center of the cylinder and trap air in said chamber, said pistons having a space therein for trapping a portion of the air compressed by the movement of said pistons, said pistons also having a passageway therein for the delivery of fuel 2 from said fuel injection means to said space.
10
In a compression ignition engine, a working cylinder having air inlet ports at one location therein and exhaust ports spaced longitudinally from said air inlet ports, a chamber 2 in communication with said air inlet ports, valve means for controlling the supplying of air to said chamber for scavenging and for compression, means for compressing air supplied through said valve means in said cylinder and in said cham- 3 ber, said means including a working piston having a portion adapted to cut off said air inlet ports at one part of its movement for trapping air under compression in said chamber and adapted to release the trapped air into the cylinder upon 3 its return movement;the interior of the cylinder having a space in continuous communication therewith for receiving a part of the air compressed by the movement of the piston, and fuel injection means in communication with said 4 space. 1,085
11
In a compression Ignition engine, a working cylinder having a side wall with air inlet ports at one location therein and exhaust ports spaced longitudinally from said air inlet ports, a chamber outside said side wall in communication with said air inlet ports, valve means for controlling the supplying of air to said chamber for scavenging and for compression, and means for compressing air in said cylinder and in said chamber, said I means including a working piston having a portion adapted to cut off said air inlet ports at one part of its movement for trapping in said chamber a part of the air compressed by the movement of the piston, said piston also having > a space therein for the reception of the remainder of the air compressed by the movement of the piston, and fuel injection means in communication with said space.
12
In a compression ignition engine, a work- > tag cylinder having a side wall with air inlet ports at one location therein and exhaust ports spaced longitudinally from said air inlet ports, a chamber outside said side wall in communication with said air inlet ports, valve means for controlling > the supplying of air to said chamber for scavenging and for compression, means for compressing air supplied through said valve means in said cylinder and in said chamber, said means including a working piston having a portion adapted ) to cut off said air inlet ports at one part of its . movement for trapping air under compression in said chamber and adapted to release the trapped air into the cylinder upon its return movement, said piston means also having a space 5 therein in continuous communication with the interior , of the cylinder for retaining a part of the air compressed by the movement of the piston, and fuel injection means in communication with said space. j . WILLIAM L. WUEHR.

Independent claims12

52 paragraphs in 4 sections, as filed

Jan. 15, 1946. w. l wuehr 2,393,085

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE

Filed Aug. 25, 1944

I

INVENTOR.

WWtenj L·. Wuehr,

ATTORNEY.

Patented Jan. 15,1946

2,393,085

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

2,393.085

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE

William L. Wueh

Application August 2!

Claims.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and more particularly to compression ignition engines.

It is an object of the invention to provide an engine of the character aforesaid having improved scavenging and improved fuel introduction.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an engine of the character aforesaid in which the necessary operations in connection with the combustion of the fuel and the other stages of the cycle may be effectively carried out at high speed.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an engine of the type aforesaid in which better control of the combustion is obtained with the air pressure capable of variation with changes of load.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an engine of the type aforesaid in which higher mean effective pressures are obtainable than have heretofore been commonly employed.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a compression ignition engine in which the various steps of the operating cycle are interrelated in such manner as to provide efficient high speed operation with low fuel consumption.

Other objects of the invention will be apparent from the annexed specification and claims.

The nature and characteristic features of the invention will be more readily understood from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing forming part hereof, in which:

Figure 1 is a horizontal central section view through a portion of an engine in accordance with the present invention,' and showing the pistons at the outer ends of their strokes;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary view of a part of the structure shown in Fig. 1 and showing the pistons at the inner ends of their strokes;

Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical sectional view taken approximately on the line 3—3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical sectional view taken approximately on the line 4—4 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 5 is a horizontal central sectional view showing a modified form of engine in accordance with the present invention.

It should, of course, be understood that the description and drawing herein are illustrative merely, and that various modifications and changes may be made in the structure disclosed r, Fort Arthur, Tex.

i, 1944, Serial No. 551,080 (CL 123—51) without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Referring more particularly to the drawing a cylinder and piston construction is illustrated 5 which is particularly adapted for use with the compression ignition engine shown in my application for Letters Patent filed August 25, 1944, Serial No. 551,079. The engine herein described and Illustrated is, however, of wider application. 10 As shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, a cylinder (5 is provided. The cylinder 95 has mounted therein, for movement towards each other for compression and away from each other for expansion, two opposed pistons 19 and 20 which may be re15 ferred to as inner and outer pistons, respectively, and which are connected, for timed simultaneous movement, in any preferred manner, such for example as shown in my other application for Letters Patent hereinbefore referred to.

Each piston 19 and 20, at the head end thereof is provided with a central dished portion 2 ί which may be a segment of a sphere or other desired shape. A hollow semi-cylindrical port or passageway 22 is provided in the head portion of 25 each of the pistons 19 and 20 and extends radially from the dished portions 29 to the exterior of the pistons 99 and 20 and to the interior wall of the cylinder 95.

At the center of the cylinder IB an air cham30 ber 35 is provided which surrounds or encircles the cylinder 15 and is in communication with the interior of the cylinder 95 through inlet ports 36. The chamber 35 is provided with a valve 38 which functions as a combustion air inlet and scaveng35 ing air inlet valve, any suitable mechanism being provided for controlling the opening of the valve in the proper timed relationship. An air supply chamber 39 is provided in communication with the inlet side of the valve 38 and an air supply 40 duct 48 is provided in communication with the chamber 39 for supplying air under pressure, preferably at about one and one-half atmospheres, absolute, from any suitable source (not shown).

The inlet valve 38 is preferably moved to closed position by means of a spring 49 and is moved to open position in predetermined timed relationship by any suitable valve operating mechanism.

A fuel supply valve 68 of any desired type is 50 also provided for delivering fuel in timed relationship into the interior of the cylinder 95 and through the port or passageway 22 into the space 2(a between the pistons 99 and 20. While any desired type of fuel valve may be employed, capable of delivering the desired charge in the

9,303,088.

available time Interval, a suitable fuel valve and operating mechanism therefor is shown in my application for Letters Patent filed September 19, 1944, Serial No. 554,743, The cylinders i5 are provided at the ends of the strokes of the pistons 5 19 and 20 and spaced longitudinally from the fuel valve 60 and from the ports 36 with exhaust ports 65 in communication with exhaust chambers 66 which surround or encircle the cylinder 15.

The cylinders 15 are preferably provided with 10 cooling jackets 67 spaced from the outer wall of the cylinder 15 and with longitudinal openings 68 in the cylinders 15 for transfer of cooling fluid from one end of the cylinder to the other. Fluid may be introduced through a pipe 69 and dis- 15 charged through another pipe (not shown).

The mode of operation of the engine illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, will now be pointed out. Air from any suitable source of air under pressure, such for example as blowers (not shown), 20 is delivered through the duct 40 to the air supply passage 39 at the inlet side of the air control valve 38.

Commencing with the pistons 19 and 20 at the outer ends of their strokes and with the air inlet 25 valve 38 open, as the pistons 19 and 20 move inwardly the exhaust ports 65 at each end of the cylinders 15 are covered and shut off by the pistons 19 and 20. The air valve 38 has theretofore been opened so that air is introduced into the 30 cylinder 15 through the inlet ports 36. The inlet ports 36 are preferably arranged in such manner as to give the incoming air a rotary motion within the interior of the cylinder (5. As the pistons and 20 continue their inward movement, the 35 valve 38 is closed. The air trapped in the cylinder 15 between the pistons (9 and 20 and in the chamber 35 is compressed by the further inward movement of the pistons 19 and 20. As the pistons 19 and 20 approach each other air is further 40 compressed by the pistons 19 and 20. A portion of the air is in the chamber 35 and a portion is between the heads of the pistons i9 and 20 and in the dished portions 2 i thereof.

As the pistons 19 and 20 reach the center of 45 the cylinder they cut off the inlet ports 36, trapping a portion of the air under pressure in the chamber 35 and trapping another portion of the air in the space 2ία. The clearance between the pistons 19 and 20 will be small. BO

The fuel charge in its entirety is introduced by and through the fuel valve 60 into the air trapped in the space 21a, and preferably after the ports 36 have been cut off. The fuel valve 60 is timed in its operation in any desired manner. The gff burning of the fuel in the air in the interior space 2 la provides a force tending to separate the pistons 19 and 20. As the pistons 19 and 20 separate the air from the chamber 35 enters through the ports 36 with a rotary and turbulent motion and qq aids in the combustion.

The expansion of the gases upon combustion provides the force for driving the pistons 19 and in the usual maimer. As the pistons 19 and separate and approach the outer ends of their g* strokes, the exhaust ports 65 are uncovered permitting the discharge of the exhaust combustion products. As the exhaust ports 65 are opened by the movement of the pistons t9 and 20 the air inlet valve 38 is also opened to provide scaveng- γ<sub>0 </sub>ing of the cylinder 15. The air for scavenging enters through the valve 38, the chamber 35 and the ports 36 and drives the burned gases through the exhaust ports 65 while the pistons 19 and 20 are at the outer end portions of their strokes. 75

The pistons 19 and 20 then move inwardly as before and the operation is repeated, the engine functioning on a two stroke cycle.

In the form of the invention illustrated in Fig. 5 5, the cylinder 15 is provided with a pair of opposed pistons, as in the other form of the invention, consisting of an inner piston 19 and an outer piston 20 movable toward and away from each other for compression and expansion. The pis10 tons 19 and 20 at the head thereof are preferably of the type heretofore pointed out, with central dished portions 21 and with semi-cylindrical passageways 22, and a central space 2ία when the pistons 19 and 20 are together at the center of 15 the cylinder 15.

The cylinder 15 is provided at the central portion thereof with a chamber 35 which surrounds or encircles the cylinder 15 and is in communication with the interior of the cylinder 15 through 20 inlet ports 36a spaced on either side of the center of the cylinder 15 or the inner end position of the pistons 19 and 20. The chambers 35 are provided with valves 38 which function as combustion air and scavenging air inlet valves pref25 erably operated in the manner heretofore pointed out.

A fuel supply valve 60 preferably of the type heretofore referred to is also provided.

The cylinder 15 is provided with exhaust ports 30 65 located at the outer ends of the paths of the pistons the ports 65 being in communication with exhaust chambers 66 which surround or encircle the cylinder 15.

The mode of operation of the engine illustrated 35 in Fig. 5 is similar to that of the engine illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive. Air from any suitable source of air under pressure such, for example, as blowers (not shown) is delivered to the air supply passage 39 at the inlet side of 40 the air control valve 38.

Commencing with the pistons 19 and 20 at the outer ends of their strokes, and with the air inlet valve 38 open, as the pistons 19 and 20 move inwardly the exhaust ports 65 at each end 45 of the cylinder 15 are shut off by the pistons 19 and 20. The air valve 38 has theretofore been opened so that air is introduced into the cylinder 15 through the inlet ports 36a with a rotary motion. The supply of air is shut off and as the BO pistons 19 and 20 continue their inward movement the air trapped in the cylinder 15 between the pistons 19 and 20 and in the air chamber 35 is compressed by the further inward movement of the pistons. As the pistons (9 and 20 BB approach each other air is retained to the interior space 21 a and a portion of the air is forced through the ports 36a Into and is retained to the chamber 35. The pistons 19 and 20, as they near the center of the cylinder 15, cut off the BO inlet ports 36a, trapping a portion of the air under pressure in the chamber 35 and trapping another portion of the air to the space 2 la. A larger clearance may be provided between the pistons 19 and 20 than to the other form of the invention.

The fuel charge to its entirety is then introduced by the fuel valve 60 into the air trapped in the interior space 2 ία. The burning of the fuel to the air to the interior space 2ία provides a force tending to separate the pistons 19 and 20. As the pistons 19 and 20 separate the air from the chamber 35 enters through the ports 36a with a rotary and turbulent motion and aids to the combustion.

The expansion of the gases upon combustion provides the force for driving the pistons 18 and 28 in the usual manner. As the pistons 18 and 28 separate and approach the outer ends of their strokes the exhaust ports 66 are uncovered, permitting the discharge of the exhaust combustion 5 products. As the exhaust ports 65 are opened by the movement of the pistons 18 and 20 the air inlet valve 28 is also opened to provide scavenging of the cylinders 15 as heretofore pointed out. The pistons 89 and 20 then move 10 inwardly as before, and the operation is repeated. The engine thus functions on a two stroke cycle.

Contents4

Every citation, both ways

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Internal-combustion engine

Abstract

Term

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE

I

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE

Members1

Numbers

Titles

Classification