Hoisting apparatus

Feb. 6, 1940.

2,189,447

H. F. MARTIN

HOISTING APPARATUS

Original Filed Sept. 26, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 1

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BY

INVENTOR.

/-/enry E Afar/yrt

Feb. 6, 1940.

H. F. MARTIN

2,189,447

HOISTING APPARATUS

Original Filed Sept. 26, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 2

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INVENTOR.

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ATTORNEY.

Patented Feb. 6, 1940

2,189,447

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

2,189,447

HOISTING APPARATUS

Henry F. Martin, Detroit, Mich., assignor to Detroit Hoist and Machine Company, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Michigan

Application September 26, 1936, Serial No. 102,655

Renewed March 25, 1939

Claims. (Cl. 254—167)

This invention relates to hoist apparatus of the cable type and more particularly relates to a multi-speed drum and means associated therewith for maintaining a hoist hook to movement • in a vertical line in raising or lowering an object.

In machine shops, it is often necessary to handle heavy castings for instance, which require to be placed on the bed of a machine or in a prein: ^{cIetermillec5} position on another element and then lifted'therefrom. In. the raising and lowering of the casting or other object, the speed with which the object may be moved in dropping the same from a carrier to· the desired position may be very 15 requires to be slowed down materially as the object approaches its final position in order that the workman may not injure the machine parts or the casting or the element with which the object is to be associated and also enable the workman to accurately position the ²⁰ same. In such operation, it is important that the object at· all times be moved in the same vertical plane in order that the workman may not be required to swing the heavy object to ^{one s}^^{e or} trie other of its plane of movement.

²⁵ In multi-speed drums as heretofore made, the object, while the cable is running off both drums moves in one plane and shifts laterally to occupy a different plane as the cable is completely unwound from the drum of lesser diameter.

The purpose of this invention is to prevent such lateral movement of the object as it enters the slow zone through operation of a multi-speed drum, and the invention further involves the means, of fastening the cable to the drum of 35 smaller diameter so that the cable end may freely swivel in relation thereto and extend on a direct. radial line therefrom without causing a sharp bend first in one direction and then in the other in the end of the cable in unwinding from and 40 then rewinding thereon in the reverse direction as in structures heretofore in use.

These and other objects and the several novel features of the invention are hereinafter more fully described and claimed, and the preferred 45 form of construction of a multi-speed hoist apparatus is shown in the accompanying drawings in which—

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of my improved hoist mechanism built as a traveling hoist.

Fig. 2 is an end elevation thereof.

Fig. 3 is an elevation showing an. end view of the two-diameter drum and the relationship of the. cable ends respectively attached to the two parts of the drum and the means for maintained ing a sheave-hook, running, in the. loop of the cable in a vertical line in winding or unwinding the cable on the drum parts.

Fig. 4 is a face elevation of the drum cable and sheave-hook.

Fig. 5 is a. sectional elevation of the drum and 5, cable thereon taken on line 5—5 of Fig. 6.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the drum showing the means of fastening, an end of the cable thereto taken on line 6-—6 of Fig. 5.

In Figs. 1 and· (2 is shown a hoist utilizing my 1θ invention which is of the traveling carrier type including a casing or body 800 having arms III and 112 respectively carrying rollers. 113 on the one side and 114 on the: other side of an I beam 115 as will be understood from Fig. 2. A motor ¹⁵is indicated at ί 16 having the control cables 117 and 118 for operating my improved hoist drum and cable mechanism for the lowering or raising of an object by rotation of the drum shaft I . The mechanism existing between, the drum and motor ²⁰(not here shown) being commonly in use and not of importance, the invention consisting more specifically in the drum and cable mechanism than in the mechanism for operation of the drum sb aft or of the carrier on the I beam 115. 25>

In Figs. 3 and 4 is shown an end and a face elevation of the two-part drum which consists of a small diameter drum 2 and a large diameter drum 3, the cable having one end attached to the smaller drum and the other to the_: larger 30 to be wound thereon or. unwound therefrom through operation of the shaft I in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction.

The cable 5, as shown in Fig. 3, has one end attached to the smaller drum (the construction of 35 the attachment- being hereinafter described) while the opposite end of the cable is attached in any convenient manner to the large diameter drum as by introducing an end 50 through an aperture 51 into a recess 52 in which is secured 40 a block 53 engaging about the outturned end 50 of the cable. The cable 5 passes from the small diameter drum over the auxiliary pulley 6 as is indicated in Figs. 1 and 3 and by use of this pulley, the hook 7 carried by the sheave 8 through 45. which the cable: runs: may be raised or lowered and in such movement constantly maintained in a vertical plane.

Heretofore, as is shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3, the cable 5α is wound up on the small drum at 50 the one end and at the opposite end is wound on the large diameter drum and the hook occupies a position 8α as shown in the said Fig. 3. When , the cable becomes unwound from the small diameter drum, the line 5α at the left of the small 55

1,447 to the small drum, be not constantly bent and rebent through the change in direction of wind on the pulley in winding or unwinding the cable thereon and also for the purpose of maintaining the cable attachment outside of the path of wind 5 of the cable on the drum.

For this purpose, I make the large diameter drum 3 preferably integrally with the small diameter drum 2 and the flange 9 between the two drums is formed with a transverse aperture (0 10 in which is mounted a cable clamp indicated generally at II. This clamp consists preferably of an. outer cylindrical shell 12 and the block 13 positioned therein having a central aperture to receive the end 14 of the cable having an arcuate 15 recess 15. The cable extends outwardly _ from the block I i into the space between the intermediate flange 9 and the outer flange 9α of the small diameter drum and a clamping plate 16 is provided having an aperture ί 6α at its periphery 20 through which the cable 5 extends into the block 13, the plate 16 being held in place by two screws H and IE. The plate 16 is approximately of the same thickness as the cable diameter so that the outer face of the plate 16 and outer side of the 25 cable in the groove of the small pulley are practically in ths same plane and the whole cable clamp assembly rotates on the axis of the transverse aperture 10 which is parallel to the axis of rotation of the drums 2 and 3. There is a locking 30 block 19 which is set into the bottom of the groove so that the outer face 20 of the block 19 is of practically the same radial distance from the axis of rotation of the pulley as the bottom 21 of the groove of the small diameter drum 2. The ^ύblock !9 is held in place by a screw 22 and this block at one edge engages against the plate 16 which prevents movement of the cable clamp assembly inwardly of the cable groove of the small diameter pulley. 4°

In Fig. 5 is shown in dotted lines, the position of the cable 5 when wound in either direction about the core of the small diameter pulley 2 and in full lines, the cable is shown as extending on a common diameter line with the pulleys. By 45 this arrangement, as the cable becomes unwound from the small diameter pulley and moves to the right of the position shown in full lines in Fig. 3 and begins to wind up in the opposite direction due to rotation of the. two pulleys in an _5t)anti-clockwise direction, the cable clamp assembly allows the cable end to turn and to wind up on the small pulley while the opposite end is still being unwound from the large pulley.

In the beginning of the lowering of an object ₅₅connected with the hook 7, the cable is unwinding from both drums and therefore lowers the object at a high rate of speed and, when the cable is completely unwound from the small diameter drum, it will, through continuance of ₆₀the downward movement of the weight, begin to wind up on the small drum and thus reduce the speed of movement of the object being lowered permitting a workman to bring the object to rest in position without jerk or jolt or injury to either 65 the support or the object being lowered to engagement therewith. As before stated, it is of particular value to the attendant in the positioning of the object being lowered in position on another element or base that he be freed from 70 necessity of moving the object laterally as it comes to position. By my arrangement of pulleys including the idler pulley 6, the object is lowered in a direct vertical line.

It is to be understood, of course, that the car- 75 ²>^18! diameter drum will at the attached end be turned to the position shown at 5& and thus is moved a distance the full diameter of the small diameter drum 2 and this, as shown by the dotted lines in 5 said Fig. 3, causes the hook to move laterally and in such former constructions of multi-speed drum as illustrated by the dotted lines would cause the weight carried by the hook to shift in position as the hook and weight are moving 10 through the slow zone due to the cable then running only off the large diameter pulley and winding on the small diameter drum.

It is the shift in position of the object which is most undesirable as many objects of consider 15 able weight should not only be moved slowly and automatically as they approach final position but due to the great weight, the weight should not require to be shifted laterally in position by the operator.

With my improved arrangement of the drum and hoist cable arrangement, no lateral shift of the sheave hook and of the object supported by the hook 7 thereon occurs in the lowering of an object or in the raising thereof. This result is 25 attained through use of the auxiliary drum or pulley 6 over which the cable from the small diameter drum runs and thus, as shown in full lines in Fig. 3, the cable portion X from the pulley 6 and Y from the large diameter drum 3 con30 stantly extend at the same angle to the vertical line of movement of the hook 7 and pulley 8. While the angle of the cable portions X and Y change due to the raising or lowering of the hook, both cable portions extend at the same angle to 35 a vertical line at any point of travel. of the hook from the full line position shown to below such position. The pulley 8 can be raised somewhat higher than shown in the drawing and could be raised to a height where the pulley 8 would come 40 close to the periphery of the large drum 3 if raised that high. In normal operations of the device, however, the pulley hangs considerably below such point when at its normal uppermost position as indicated in full lines in Fig. 3.

The operation of the multi-speed drum to secure movement through what is herein termed a “fast” and a “slow” zone is believed obvious. When the pulley 8 and hook 7 are in uppermost position, as shown in Fig. 3, the two-part drum, 50 through operation of the shaft ! or by reason of the object being handled, takes cable from both drums and thus moves at a rapid pace through a certain distance and, when the cable is fully unwound from the small diameter drum and only 55 the large diameter drum unwinding and the cable winding up on the small diameter drum, the spesa of movement of the hook and object parried thereby is materially lessened thus enabling the article to be positioned without jar or jolt. This βθ feature of construction is not new having been used heretofore.

The principal feature of the invention herein disclosed resides in the use of an auxiliary pulley in conjunction with a cable having its end wound 05 on a two-diameter drum and by this means the cable portion X, which corresponds to the portion 5α of Fig. 4, constantly remains on the same side of the small diameter drum while in the two-diameter drums heretofore in use, the said 70 cable portion moves from the dotted position shown at 5α in Fig. 3 to the dotted position 5&amp; thus causing a lateral movement of the hook and object carried thereby.

It is necessary in constructions of this charac75 ter that the cable end at the point of attachment

2,189,447

Tier tOO, shown more particularly in Mg. 1, is moved on its trackway 115 to the correct position for lowering the object carried by the hook 7 running on the cable. However, the carrier 5 structure may be dispensed with in some char• acters of installation where the element on which the object being handled is to be positioned may be brought to position to receive the object. Thus the carrier structure is not a -necessary .10 -feature of my improved hoist apparatus. It is -pointed out that the length of the cable wound on the large diameter drum is greater than.(the length thereof wound on the small diameter drum so that in rotation of the drum in the 15 direction to unwind the cable, the cable will first unwind and then rewind on the small diameter drum while the cable is still unwinding from the large diameter drum.

It will therefore be observed from the foregoing ²⁰ that, by use of the double diameter pulley or drum and the idler pulley 6 in the position shown in respect to the small diameter drum, provides an arrangement of pulley and cable resulting in a straight vertical movement of the ²⁵ hook end and object carried thereby, either in lowering it onto a support or element or in raising it therefrom, and further that the features of -- construction of the pulleys, including the clamps for the cable end running on the small diameter 3,0 pulley, provides a construction that permits the pulley to wind or unwind in either direction on the small diameter pulley without changing its angle in respect to the point of clamping by the plate J 6 and rotation of the pulley clamp II ³⁵ permits the clamp end of the cable 5 to lie in contact with the bottom 2! of the groove of the small pulley in either finally unwinding or in. the start of winding thereon, and that the described structure as a whole functions to secure ⁴⁰ the various objects and features of my invention.