Permutation padlock

May 23, 1939.

2,159,291

M. QUINTAL

PERMUTATION PADLOCK

Filed Jan. 12, 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet 1

<img file="US2159291A_D0001.tif" />

May 23, 1939.

M. QUINTAL

PERMUTATION PADLOCK Filed Jan. 12, 1939

2,159,291

Sheets-Sheet 2

<img file="US2159291A_D0002.tif" />

May 23, 1939.

2,159,291

M. QUINTAL

PERMUTATION PADLOCK

Filed Jan. 12, 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet 3

<img file="US2159291A_D0003.tif" />

ClWottWAj

May 23, 1939.

2,159,291

M. QUINTAL

PERMUTATION PADLOCK

<img file="US2159291A_D0004.tif" />

Patented May 23, 1939

2,159,291

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

2,159,291

PERMUTATION PADLOCK

Manuel Quintal, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, assignor of one-third to Edmund Tong and one-third to Sam Den Ho, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii

Application January 12, 1939, Serial No. 250,647

Claims.

This invention relates generally to the class of locks and latches and pertains particularly to improvements in locks of the general type known as padlocks.

The present invention has for its primary object to provide a novel and improved type of padlock which is designed so that it cannot be picked as is possible with padlocks of ordinary construction.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved lock of the type described, wherein a novel dual locking feature is involved, which necessitates the use of certain knowledge for releasing the parts of the lock in addition to the Io use of a particular key.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved lock of the type described in which a novel rotary key actuated unit is employed which, in addition to requiring the employment 2o of a key for its manipulation, requires that the user of the key possess certain knowledge with regard to the manner in which the key is to be used.

A still further object of the invention is to 25 provide a lock of the type described wherein there is employed, in addition to a key actuated rotary unit by means of which the actual release of a part of the lock is effected, an auxiliary locking means which secures the key actuated 30 unit and which must be manipulated according to certain knowledge possessed by the user of the lock in order to release the key actuated unit.

Still another object of the invention is to provide in a lock of the type described, a shackle 35 which is joined to the body of the lock in a novel manner whereby the assemblage or disassembly of the lock structure may be easily effected.

Other objects and advantages of the invention 40 will become apparent as the description proceeds and the invention will be best understood from a consideration of the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, with 45 the understanding, however, that the invention is not to be confined to any strict conformity with the showing of the drawings but may be changed or modified so long as such changes or modifications mark no material departure from 50 the salient features of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view through the body and a portion of the shackle of the lock 55 embodying the present invention taken on a (Cl. 70—21) plane parallel with and midway between the front and rear faces of the lock body.

Fig. 2 is a transverse section taken on the line 2—2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary section taken on the 5. line 3—3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary section on the line 4—4 of Fig. 1, showing the cylinders in their relative positions when the lock is unlocked.

Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5—5 of Fig. 2. 10

Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view through the key operated unit per se, showing the starting or original position for the parts.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary view illustrating the trigger release mechanism and method of ac- 15, tuating the same.

Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 6, but showing the cylinder turned to its second operating position.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view on the line 9—9 of oq Fig. 1.

Fig. 10 is a view in elevation of the lock pin operating knob.

Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken longitudinally through a modified form of the lock pin actuating ₂s knob.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view on the line 12—12 of Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is a sectional view taken on the same plane as Fig. 3, but showing the positions of the 30 cylinder and inner and outer barrels before the first step of unlocking the lock has been taken.

Fig. 14 is a view in longitudinal section through a modified form of the key operated unit, the cylinder being in elevation. 35

Fig. 15 is a sectional view on the line 15—15 of Fig. 14.

Fig. 16 is a sectional view on the line 16—(6 of Fig. 14.

Fig. 17 is a sectional view on the line 17—17 40 of Fig. 14.

Referring to the drawings, the numeral I generally designates the body or case of the lock embodying the present invention. This case, as shown in Fig. 2, is relatively narrow from front 45 to back, the front and rear faces being designated by the numerals 2 and 3 while the edge faces are indicated by the numerals 4. As shown in this view, the front. faces are beveled so that the thickness of the body is reduced slightly at 50 the sides.

The top of the body is designated by the numeral 5 while the bottom is designated 6. The body I is formed or cast in a single piece and is provided with the relatively long bore 1 extending 55

2,169,291 through the top 5 downwardly to a point adjacent the bottom, as shown in Fig. 1, and disposed adjacent to and parallel with one edge face or side 4. Adjacent the opposite side 4 there is formed 5 through the top 5 downwardly the short bore or passage 8. The passage 1 constitutes a receptacle for the shank of the shackle, hereinafter described, while the passage 8 constitutes a receptacle for the notched terminal of the shackle as 10 hereinafter described.

The edge wall or face 4 is provided with a dove-tail channel or slot 9 which extends from the top surface of the cut-out or recessed area 19 which is formed in the top 5 adjacent the open15 ing 8. This dove-tail slot terminates short of the bottom 6, as shown in Fig. 1.

Formed transversely of the body from, the bottom of the slot 9 is a bolt chamber 11 and the bore 8 passes across the bolt chamber II. Be2Q neath the bolt chamber there is formed the latch pin passage 12 which extends inwardly from the bottom of the slot 9 and directly beneath this passage are two passages 13 and 14 which are parallel with one another and with the passage 12 25 and which also extend inwardly from the dovetail slot.

Extending upwardly through the bottom wall of the body 1 is a chamber 15 which at its upper end is reduced through a portion of its length, 30 as indicated at 16, and this reduced portion opens into the bolt chamber 11. The lower end of the chamber 15 is enlarged slightly as indicated at 17, for the reception of a disk member hereinafter described. The numeral 15 designates the cham35 ber as a whole from the wall 6 to the bolt chamber 11, and this chamber receives the key-operated unit hereinafter described.

The numeral 18 generally designates the shackle of the lock which comprises the goose40 neck portion 19, the shank portion 20 and the terminal portion 21, which is provided upon its inner side with the notch 22 for engagement by the bolt. The shank 20 is adapted to extend into the passage 7 and it is provided with a longitu45 dinally extending bore 23 and upon its inner side with a guide slot 24 which extends from a point adjacent the end of the shank throughout the major portion of the length thereof, as shown in Fig. 1. Upon its outer side opposite from the 5Q guide slot is a recess 25 in which is positioned the elongated plate 26. This plate constitutes a portion Of the shank and is provided to facilitate the securing of the shackle shank in the passage 7.

The lower end of the plate 26 is provided with 55 the recess 27 which extends around its curved outer surface and meshes or alines with a corresponding recess 28 which is formed around the lower end of the shank, as shown in Fig. 2.

The shank 20 of the shackle is secured in the _eo passage 7 by means of a cross-pin 29 which is disposed transversely of and extending through the body of the lock with a portion thereof extending into and across the passage 7, as shown in Fig. 1.

As shown in Fig. 1, the shank 20 of the shackle does not extend entirely to the bottom of the passage 7. Between the end of the shank and the bottom of the passage in which it is located, there is disposed a cup-like body 30 which has a plate70 like portion 31 cut from one side thereof, this latter portion extending longitudinally of the cup and the mouth of the opening 32 of the cup is directed upwardly toward the bore or passage 23 of the shackle shank. This cup is employed pri75 marily for retaining in position a guide pin 32' which is extended from within the bore 7 through a suitable passage into the chamber 15. Tire function of this pin will be described later in describing the construction of the key-operated unit of the lock. At the present time, it may be 6 stated that in assembling the parts, the pin 32' is introduced into its passage from the lower part of the bore 7 and then the plate-like portion of the cup is introduced into the passage 7 carrying the stud 33 which extends outwardly from the 10 curved side of the plate. This stud is extended through opening 33' extending laterally from the lower end of the passage 7 and has its outer end swaged, as shown, after the plate 31 has been pressed with its curved surfaces firmly against the 16 curved wall of the passage. The cup 30 is then introduced into the passage 7 with the flat side thereof adjacent the pin 29 and after the cup, which is of a diameter to snugly fit in the passage 7, has been moved past the pin 29, it is rotated 20 so as to bring its fiat side around into position to correspond with the flat inner side of the plate 31 and it is then snugly fitted in the bottom of the passage between the plate 31 and the pin 32.

There is then introduced into the cup 30 the 26 headed end of a spring guide pin 34, the shank of which is designed to extend upwardly into the bore 23 of the shackle shank and a suitable spring 35 is then disposed in the passage with the lower end in the cup 30 and the shank of the guide pin 30 extending longitudinally therethrough.

The shank of the shackle is then engaged or mounted in the passage 7 by disposing the plate 26 with its curved side against the wall of the passage adjacent the pin 29 and with the pin 35 in the recess 27, thus leaving the upper end of the plate 26 extending from the passage. This end of the plate is provided with a suitable bore to receive a retaining pin 35 which is also adapted to extend into a similar bore in the 40 shank 20, as shown in Fig. 9. The wall of the recess 25 at the lower end of the shank has a short slot 37 formed therein and the lower end of the plate 25 carries a short guide pin 38 for engagement in this slot. After the plate 2S has 45 been disposed as described, the shank 29 is introduced into the passage 7 with the recess 25 directed toward the side of the passage through which the pin 29 passes, thus facilitating the disposition of the plate 26 in the recess, the guide 50 pin 38 slipping into the slot 37. The retaining pin 36 is then introduced into the receiving passages therefor to couple the extended end of the plate 26 with the shackle shank and the entire shackle is then revolved so as to bring the guide 55 slot 24 around to the side of the recess adjacent the. pin 23, thus permitting the shank to be slipped in and to compress the spring 35.

The numeral 39 designates the bolt of the lock which is slidable in the chamber II. This bolt 60 has the hook 40 upon one end and upon its top side is provided with a longitudinal guide slot 41 while upon its underside, it is provided with the transverse recess 42 which has engaged therein an actuating eccentric member herein- 65 after described.

The top of the lock body is provided with a pin passage 43 in which is secured a bolt guide pin 44. This pin 44 is introduced into its passage from the chamber 11 before the bolt or the 70 other parts adjacent thereto are assembled and the upper end of the pin is suitably swaged, as shown, so that it will be retained in place and the bolt is then slipped into the chamber 11 in the proper position to have the projecting end 76

2,159,291 of the guide pin 44 enter the slot 41. The hook of the bolt will be disposed adjacent the top of the chamber 11 so that when the terminal portion 2i of the shackle !8 is introduced into the passage 8, the bolt hook may engage in the notch 22.

As previously stated, the chamber 15 receives the key-actuated mechanism for the lock by which mechanism the actuation of the bolt 39 is effected. This key-actuated mechanism or unit consists of three major portions which are an outer barrel 45, an inner barrel 46 and a cylinder 47 rotatably disposed within the inner barrel ¢6. The inner and outer barrels are both open at one end and the outer barrel has a reduced hollow extension 48 at its other end which, when the unit is in the chamber 15, extends into the reduced upper end portion 16 of the chamber, as shown in Fig. 1. Integral with this extension 48 is the eccentric finger 49 and the end of the extension 48 has an opening 50 therethrough which enters one end of the recess 51 in the inner face of the eccentric finger 49.

The outer barrel 45 is provided with a circumferentially extending guide slot 52 which extends around the major portion of this barrel and formed through the barrel in a line extending longitudinally thereof and passing through the unslotted part is a vertical series of holes which are designated 53, 54 and 55. These holes are at ths proper position in the outer barrel so that when the barrel is in position in the chamber 15, they will be in the planes, respectively, of the passages 14, 13 and 12, and may be brought into alinement therewith by rotating the barrel. In addition to the three holes mentioned, the outer barrel is provided with a fourth hole which is in the came plane transversely of the barrel from the hole 55 but removed therefrom approximately 90°, this fourth hole being indicated by the numeral 5S and particularly illustrated in Fig. 3. This hole 56 receives one of twin latch pins, which pins are designated by the numerals 57 and 58. These pins are introduced into the assembly of the key-operated unit through a bore 59 which is formed through the front side 2, as shown in Fig. 2. This bore also houses a spring 60 which constantly forces the pins 57—58 inwardly and is retained in place by the plug 61. The action of these twin pins will be hereinafter more fully described.

As shown in Fig. 1, when the outer barrel is in position in the chamber 15, the eccentric finger 49 projects into the bolt chamber ί I for engagement in the transverse recess 42 of the bolt.

The inner barrel 46 is likewise provided with a circumferential guide slot 63 which, when the barrels are assembled, one within the other, is in the same transverse plane as the guide slot 52 and this slot 63 also extends partway around the barrel 46, as shown in Fig. 4, and when the parts of the lock are in locking position, the barrel 46 will be swung around from the position in which it is shown in this figure, so as to bring the opposite end wall of the slot 63 in contact with the pin 32. In this Fig. 4, as previously stated in the description of the figure, the barrel 46 is in the position which it assumes when the parts of the lock are as shown in Fig. 1, that is, when they are in the positions where a counterclockwise turning of the key will rotate all of the parts to retract the bolt 39 and open the lock, all as hereinafter more fully described. There are also provided in the inner barrel on a line extending longitudinally thereof through the unslotted por3 tion, three holes 64, 65 and 66, reading from the lower one to the upper one. These holes 64 and 65 are in the same plane transversely of the keyoperated unit as the holes 53 and 54 of the outer barrel 45. The inner barrel 46 has a fourth hole 6 67 which is in the same plane transversely of the unit as the hole 55 of the outer barrel 45 but is removed from the line of the holes 64, 65 and 66, approximately 90° in the opposite direction from the removal of the hole 56 of barrel 45 10 from the line of holes 53, 54 and 55. Thus when the holes 66 and 56 are alined to receive the latch pins 57 and 58, the holes 67 and 55 will be alined and the holes 64 to 66, inclusive, will be in the same vertical plane as the hole 56. 15

The inner barrel 46 is also provided with guide pin holes 68 which are equi-distantly spaced around the barrel and are in the same transverse plane. The purpose of these holes will be later described. gQ

At the upper end of the inner barrel 46, a transversely slotted stem 69 extends from the longitudinal center of the barrel. This stem is designed to project into the outer barrel extension 48, the slot of this stem being indicated by 25 the numeral 70. When the inner barrel is in position in the outer barrel, as shown in Fig. 1, its upper end is maintained in spaced relation from the inner end of the outer barrel extension 48 by the washer 71 and the open outer or lower 30 ends of the two barrels will be flush with the inner side of the recess 17 which forms the outer end or mouth of the chamber 15. With the barrels in this assembled position, the guide pin 32' which is retained in place by the spring sup- >5 porting cup 30, extends into the two circumferential slots 52 and 63, as hereinbefore stated, so that the two barrels may be relatively rotated as is necessary in the locking and unlocking of the padlock, but will be held against relative longitudinal movement.

Within the outer barrel extension 48 is housed the enlarged lower end portion of a coupling finger 73, the lower end of which is slotted, as indicated at 74, and is in opposition to the slotted 45 end of the stem 69 and also housed within this outer barrel extension is a helical spring 75 which has its ends secured in the slots 70—74, so that upon rotation of the inner barrel, this spring will be placed under tension. qq

The upper end of the finger 73 passes through the passage 50 and lies in the recess 51 in the inner face of the eccentric finger 49 and is secured to the eccentric finger by the securing pin 76. Rotatably disposed within the inner barrel 55 46 is the cylinder 47. This cylinder, when fully extended into the inner barrel as it is shown in Fig. 1, has a portion projecting beyond the two barrels so that it may act as a center about which a portion of the unit may rotate as hereinafter 80 described. The cylinder 47 has formed longitudinally thereof from one end, the key slot 77 which is of rectangular cross-section and which is of the same width throughout its length and each of the side walls of this slot has a key guide 68 groove 78 formed in and longitudinally thereof. Formed radially in the cylinder are tumbler holes 79, each of which extends through one side of the cylinder and into the narrow edge of the key slot 77, so that each tumbler hole extends par- 70 allel with the side faces of the key slot in which the grooves 78 are formed.

Extending transversely through the cylinder and through each tumbler hole is a spring slot 80 and extending longitudinally through the cylin- 76

2,150,201 der at one side of the key slot and of the tumbler holes which are arranged in a line longitudinally of the cylinder, is a bore for the reception of a spring retaining pin 81. This pin passes through 5 the spring slots and also through the coil of a spring 82 which is in each slot and which has one end secured, as indicated at 83, in a hole in the wall of the cylinder adjacent to the tumbler hole.

Each of the tumbler holes 79 has a tumbler pin jO 84 slidably disposed therein and each pin has a transverse slot 85 in which the other end of the adjacent spring 82 engages, the said end of the spring pressing against the rear of the slot 85 so as to normally and constantly urge the pin back jg into the hole so as to move the outer end into a position where it will be flush with the outer surface of the cylinder.

At the upper end of the cylinder 47, the outer surface is provided with an encircling channel or 20 groove 86 and upon reference to Fig. 1, it will be seen that this channel 86 receives the ends of retaining pins 87, which are secured in the holes 68 of the inner barrel 46. While pins have been shown in the holes 68, it will be understood that 25 use may be made in their stead of bearing balls which might be secured in the holes and allowed to project so as to have a portion extending into the circumferential channel 86 of the cylinder. This connection between the cylinder, and inner 30 barrel is made merely for the purpose of retaining these two members in such assembled relation that they will have free relative rotary motion. The tumbler holes 79 are so spaced that the first two, counting from the bottom upwardly, 35 will lie in the same plane transversely of the unit as the holes 53 and 54 of the outer cylinder and the holes 64 and 65 of the inner cylinder, and the third one of the tumbler holes lies in the plane of the holes 66 and 56 of the inner and 40 outer barrels, respectively. The fourth one of ' the tumbler holes, counting from the lowest one upwardly, lies in the plane of the holes 67 and 55 of the inner and outer barrels.

At the lower end of the cylinder 47 beneath the 45 lowest one of the tumbler holes is a lock pin hole * 87' and upon each side of this hole, the surface of the cylinder has therein ratchet pin dimples 88. The hole 87' and dimples 88 are arranged to be in a plane beneath the lower ends of the 50 inner and outer barrels when the cylinder is in ' position in the inner barrel. Within the annular recess 17 which forms the mouth of the chamber 15, is a washer 89 which is provided with openings to receive securing pins 90 which are secured ₆₅ to the lower edge of the outer barrel and extend downwardly through the washer, as shown in Fig. 1. These pins have their lower ends suitably swaged, to hold the washer firmly into contact with the lower end of the outer barrel to which 30 it is attached and also the inner barrel, the washer snugly encircling the lower end of the cylinder about which it is adapted to turn. The washer 89 has a radial latch pin bore 91 in which is held, by a plug 92 in the outer end of the bore, 05 the spring 93 and the inner and outer latch pins 94 and 95, respectively. Secured to the underside or bottom 6 of the body is a guide annulus 96 and within this annulus is a cover plate 97 which is provided with a key opening 98 which 70 alines with the key slot of the cylinder. This coyer plate is secured in position by pin members 39 which pass through the cover plate into the lower end of the cylinder. Thus it will be seen that the pin 32 retains the inner and outer 75 barrels against longitudinal movement in the chamber 15, the pins 87 carried by the inner barrel prevent longitudinal movement of the cylinder, and the cylinder maintains in place the cover plate 97 which covers the rotatable washer 89. 5

In addition to the openings or bores formed in the body as previously described, there is provided a lateral bore or passage ί 00 which opens through the front side 2 of the body and at its inner end opens through the reduced portion 10 f, io into the latch pin passage 12. Within the latch pin passage is a-reciprocable pin bolt 102 which has a reduced inner end finger 103 which is adapted to extend into the holes 55 and 67 of the outer and inner barrels, respectively, when j5 such holes are brought into alined relation. This pin bolt 102 has an annular cam groove 104 in the side thereof, which is directed toward the adjacent bore 100. Within the bore 100 is a collar 105 which has a central passage therethrough for the 20 stem 106 of the eccentric head 107. This head has an annular flange 108 on its face which engages in the annular cam groove 104, as shown in Fig. 2. The collar 1 05 is retained in position by pins 109 which are introduced through suit- 25 able bores formed in the body I and which pass through one edge of the dove-tail slot 9, as shown in Fig, 2, engaging at their inner ends in the annular recess 110 encircling the collar f 05.

The outer end of the collar 105 has the reduced 30 extension I ί ί on which is mounted the knob 112, and a pin H3 passes through the knob and through the stem 106 to secure the parts together.

As will be seen from the foregoing, the latch pin bolt 102 may be reciprocated by rotating the knob 35 112 so as to move the bolt finger 103 with respect ‘ to the holes 55 and 67.

Within the passages 13 and 14 are securing pins 114 and 115, the pin 114 being pressed by the spring 116 and the pin 115 being pressed by 40 the spring 117. The pin 114 is adapted to engage in the recess into which the hole 54 opens and has a reduced forward end portion which enters the hole 54 when the adjacent tumbler is retracted and the pin 115 has a reduced forward 45 end portion for engagement in the hole 53 of the adjacent barrel when the adjacent tumbler is retracted.

The dove-tail slot is closed by the slide plate 118 and this plate prevents removal of the pins 50 109, the latch pin bolt 102 and the springs lying therebeneath by which the pins 114 and 115 are actuated and after this plate has been placed in position, a cap plate 119 is secured in the recess 10 by the securing pins 120. This cap plate is pro- 55 vided with a suitable opening 121 to permit the terminal portion of the shackle 18 to pass through into the passage 8 and the pins 120, after being driven in, are finished off flush with the top of the cap plate so that the latter cannot be re- go moved.

When the shackle 18 of the lock is down or in the position where the terminal portion 21 is within the body passage 8 and is engaged by the bolt 39, the parts of the key actuated unit will be 65 in the relation shown in Fig. 6. When in this position, the inner and outer barrels will have the holes 55 and 67 in alined relation so that the latch pin finger 103 may extend therethrough thus locking these barrels together. At the same time, 70 the second pin 94 of the latch pin mechanism carried by the washer 89 will be across the outer end of the hole 87', which is in the lower end of the cylinder. The forward or outer pin 95 will be extended fully into the opening 87'. Also the 75

2,159,291 lock pins 57 and 58 will be projected by the spring 80 so that the inner pin 57 will be in the hole 66 of the inner barrel and will extend partly into the hole 56 of the outer barrel, thus locking these 5 two barrels together and also the outer pin 58 will be partly in the hole 56 of the outer barrel and in the bore 58 of the body I, thus locking the outer barrel to the body. The extended ends of the lock pins ί 14 and 1 i 5 will be engaged in the holes 53 and 54 of the outer barrel. Thus it will be seen that the bolt 39 is doubly locked against movement and unless the possessor of the key for the lock is also in possession of knowledge enabling him to manipulate the knob H 2 to the proper 15 position for removing the finger 183 out of both holes 55 and 67, the key will be of no value in operating the lock.

The procedure for releasing the bolt by the use of the key is as follows:

2Q The key is first reversed and its narrow end inserted into the slot 77. The key, which is indicated by the numeral 122, has upon each of its faces two alined buttons 123 and when the end of the key is slipped into the key groove 78 as shown 25 in Fig. 7, with the buttons engaging the edges of the grooves, the end of the key can be oscillated slightly so as to press back the outer pin 95 of the two latch pins carried by washer 89 until the abutting ends of the pins 94 and 95 come into 30 position flush with the contacting faces of the cylinder and the adjacent barrel. This will permit the cylinder to be toned by the key while it is still in the position described. The cylinder is then given a slightly counterclockwise rotation to 35 shift the pin 95 out of alinement with pin 94 and the key is then withdrawn and reinserted in the key slot with the buttons both properly engaging in the groove 78. The cylinder is toned or rotated counterclockwise until the first, second and 40 third tumblers are brought into line with the holes 64, 65 and 66 of the inner barrel. The key is then fully pushed in so as to effect the projection of the first, second and third tumblers into the holes mentioned, the third tumbler in being 45 forced into the hole 66, forcing outwardly the locking pins 57 and 58 against the tension of the spring 68, so that the forward end of the tumbler will take up the position previously occupied by the pin 57 in aperture 66 and force this pin over 50 into aperture 56, forcing the outer pin 58 into the bore 59 of the lock body. This then permits, after the hereinafter described further adjustment of the lock parts, the simultaneous turning of the cylinder 47 and the barrel 46, leaving the 55 pin 57 to turn with the barrel 45 when this barrel is rotated. The cam actuating knob is then turned to retract the finger 103 from the openings 55 and 67. Rotary motion may now be transmitted simultaneously to the cylinder and inner 60. barrel, such turning bringing the tumblers back to their initial positions and simultaneously twisting and imparting tension to the bolt actuating spring 75. The barrels will now be in the relative positions shown in Fig. 4. It will be understood that 65 up to this point, the key has not been fully inserted in the cylinder, because the tumblers have only been projected into the openings 64, 65 and 66 of the barrel 46 and will be in abutting relation with the inner face of the barrel 45, but as 7θ the tumblers are now back in their initial positions, the first and second tumblers will be alined with the pins f 1 4 and i 15 and with the passages 54 and 53 and, therefore, the key may be fully thrust into the cylinder so as to project the first

75- two tumbler pins to the positions shown in Fig. 1, thus forcing outwardly the pins 114 and 115 to fully released positions. The cylinder and barrels are now all coupled together so that they may be toned as a unit and the spring 75 is held under tension. By now toning the key in a 5 counterclockwise direction, the entire assemblage consisting of the inner and outer barrels, the cylinder and the elements in the upper part of the outer barrel, will be turned so as to effect retraction of the bolt 39. ₁₀

It will, of course, be understood that when the cylinder· is released from its connection with the mner barrel by forcing back the locking pins 94 and 95, the extent to which the cylinder must be turned in order to bring the tumblers into alinement with the openings or holes 64, 65 and GS, can be determined by the number of clicks which will be given as the inner locking pin 94 moves across or into and out of the dimples 88 when the cylinder is being turned, it being un- ₂θ derstood that a part of the knowledge necessary for the manipulation of the lock will be an understanding of the number of clicks which must be made in order to bring the tumblers into the right position where they can be projected into 25 the openings of the inner barrel.

After the cylinder and inner barrel have been turned back to bring the first two tumblers into alinement with the pins 114 and 115, the cylinder will again be in a position where the pins 94 30. and 95 might again be projected into locking position if the key were removed but they will be held in the position shown in Fig. 1 so long as the key is fully extended into the lock cylinder.

After the bolt has been released in the manner 35 described, the lock shackle 18 will be projected to open position by the spring 35 and the parts will remain in position where the shackle may again be returned to its locking position. If the key should be removed, the twisting action im- 40 parted by the spring 75 upon the inner barrel will establish sufficient frictional engagement between the lower tumblers and the outer barrel to prevent the tumbler springs from retracting the tumblers. However, if the tumblers should 45 be withdrawn by their springs and the spring 75 should produce rotation of the inner barrel, it is merely necessary in order to return the parts to their former position, to repeat the procedure initially described for opening the lock. 50

The procedure for locking the lock is as follows:

If the key has not been removed after the terminal portion of the shackle 18 was released from engagement by the bolt 39, then it is merely 55 necessary to push the terminal portion of the shackle into the bore 8 and then turn the key in a clockwise direction until the holes 53 and 54 have been brought into alinement again with the pins 114 and I ί 5. Without removing the 60 key, the locking finger actuating knob 112 is then turned to the necessary extent either to the right or to the left, as may be required, by indicating characters on the body of the lock, to project the finger 103 into the hole 55. This will insure the 65 positioning of the holes 53 and 54 so that the pins 114—115 will enter them. When this has been done, the key is removed and the pins 114—115 will engage the outer barrel and lock it.

As the key is withdrawn from the cylinder, 70 the tumblers will be released and should be retracted or drawn back into the cylinder so as to break the connection between the cylinder and the inner barrel 46. The tensioned spring 75 will then take control of the barrel 46 and rotate 75

2,159,291 it in a counterclockwise direction back: to the position where the pins 57 and 58 will be projected inwardly by the spring 60 so as to lock the inner and outer cylinders together in the 5 manner shown in Fig. 13. If the frictional Contact between the tumbler pins and the inner cylinder is too tight to permit the tumbler springs to retract the tumblers, such frictional contact being made tight by the tendency of the spring 10 75 to rotate the inner barrel against the tumblers, the tumblers may be freed so as to be retracted by their springs, by not fully withdrawing the key and giving a slight back and forward twist or turn to it so that the tumblers can be re15 leased. They the key can be withdrawn to allow the spring 75 to taken control. The knob 112 may then be further turned to completely project the locking finger I 03 through the alined passages 55 and 67 of the inner and outer bar20 rels, as shown in Fig. 6.

Fig. 10 shows a portion of the front of the lock and illustrates one form of marking which may be employed in connection with the lock pin operating knob 112. The knob is provided 25 with an indicator or pointer (24 and the numbers appearing on the body of the lock around the knob and shown in dotted outline, represent different positions to which the pointer may be . . turned by revolving the knob so as to shift the 30 lock finger to a desired position with, respect to the barrels 45 and 46. For example, these numbers progress from 1 to 4 in a clockwise direction around the knob, the number I appearing at the / top of the knob. In actual practice, these num35 bers will not be placed on the lock but it will be necessary for the user of the lock to remember the relative positions of these points. Thus when the knob 112 is manipulated as above described in connection with the explanation of the man40 ner in which the lock is opened, it may be necessary for the user to turn the pointer 124 to the point where the numeral 4 appears on the body iri order to fully retract the latch bolt finger 103 from engagement with the barrels 45 and 46. 45 Also, til the description of the manner in which the lock is closed, after the key has been turned in a clockwise direction to restore the outer bar-, rel to the position where pins I f 4 and 115 can . engage in the holes 53 and 54, the knob 112 might 50 be turned sb that the pointer 124 will be at approximately the position indicated by the numeral· 2 on the body for engagement in the outer barref hole 55 and then when the knob is manipulated to again retract the latch pin finger so 55 as to permit the inner barrel to be freely rotated by the spring, the pointer will be moved back to position #4 and when the two barrels are in their normal position where the holes 65 and 67 _L are inialinement, the knob will be reversely ro60 taied back to position #1, so that the lock pin finger will be fully extended into these holes.

It will be understood, of course, that in various locks, the secret positions of the points to which the indicator 124 may be turned will differ so that ⁶⁵ a person owning one lock will not know the manipulation of the knob 112 necessary for the opening of another lock.

It will also be understood that in the construcμθ,' tion of different locks, various changes may be ¹ made in the position of the locking pins 57 and 58, necessitating the rotation of the cylinder to different degrees in order to bring the tumbler pins into the proper position where the necessary con75’ nection of the pins with the inner barrel can be established. As previously stated, the extent to which the cylinder must be turned in order to bring the tumbler pins into the proper position for engagement with the inner barrel and release of the locking pin 57, will be determined by the num- 5 ber of clicks made by the pin 94 as it slips into and out of the dimples around the cylinder as the cylinder is turned.

Fig. 11 illustrates a modification of the lock pin control mechanism or knob. With this construe- 10 tion a clicking or noise producing indicating means is made use of for indicating to the user of the lock the number of turns required to locate the finger 103 in the several positions to which it has to be shifted. In this modification the collar 15 corresponding to collar 105 is indicated by the numeral 125. This collar has a central passage therethrough, as indicated at 126, for alinement with the center of the bore 100 and is provided with a groove 127 for engagement by the ends of 20 pins 128 corresponding to the pins 109. These pins 128 are inserted through the edge of the dove-tail slot 9 and are notched, similarly to the pins 109, so that the plate 118 will engage the pins and prevent their accidental or the intentional 25 removal thereof.

The knob of the modified control device is indicated by the numeral 129 and has an extension 130 upon its inner end which projects into an enlarged outer portion of the opening or bore 126 ®® of the adjacent collar and this extension is grooved, as indicated at 131, for the reception of the end of a lock pin 132 which is introduced through a suitable bore formed between the pins 128 and passing through the collar 125. Thus it ⁸⁸will be seen that when the knob 129 is turned, the extended end portion thereof will turn with respect to the collar. The cam or eccentric of the modified unit is indicated by the numeral 133 and has the stem 134 provided with longitudinal flutes ⁴⁰135 upon the end portion thereof which extends into the bore formed longitudinally of the knob 129 from the inner end thereof. The knob 129 has extended transversely thereof from the side to the center bore therein, the securing pin 136, the ⁴⁸inner end of which engages the flutes 135 to secure the knob upon the stem 134, as shown.

Disposed in a suitable recess or socket formed in the collar 125 from the outer side thereof is a spring 137 and in the outer end of this recess is a ⁸ball 138 which is normally pressed outwardly by the spring for engagement in notches 139 formed along a circular line in the inner face of the knob (29. From this, it will be readily apparent that ₆₅>when the knob 129 is turned for the rotation of the cam head 133, the ball 138 will snap from one notch to the other in the knob 129', so as to give an audible signal and if the operator of the device possesses the proper knowledge of the combina- _eotion, tie will know how many clicks must be heard before the barrel securing pin is in the position to which he desires to move it.

Fig. 14 illustrates a slightly modified form of the key operated unit, the modification having to do 55 with the manner in which the barrels and cylinder are retained in assembled relation whereby the necessary rotation of the same may be obtained. Since this modification has to do merely With the manner of securing the cylinder and 70 barrels together, reference Will be made only to the features which are not shown in the cylinders and barrel previously described. The modified cylinder is indicated by the numeral 149. This cylinder together with the associate barrels is 76

2,159,291 made of slightly greater length than the other cylinder and barrels so that there may be provided the encircling grooves 14! adjacent the upper and lower ends thereof which will not interfere with the placing of the necessary openings in the cylinder for the tumbler pins, springs and other parts. The inner barrel is indicated by the numeral 142, and this in addition to having adjacent its upper and lower ends ball receiving grooves ί 43 which entirely encircle it, is provided with two groups of ball retaining openings which are indicated by the numerals 144, and a stop groove 145 which is disposed around the barrel substantially midway of its ends. This stop groove corresponds with the groove or slot 63 of the inner barrel 46. The holes 144 of each of the two groups are arranged so that when the cylinder is in the barrel 142, they will be in the plane of the grooves 141 of the cylinder and bearing balls are secured in these holes to project therefrom into the grooves 141 and thus lock the cylinder and inner barrel together.

The outer barrel of the modified key operated unit is indicated by the numeral 146 and this is provided with two groups of ball openings which are indicated by the numerals 147 and which are designed to retain bearing balls so that when the outer barrel is around the inner barrel, the balls retained in these holes or openings will engage in the grooves 143 of the inner barrel and thus lock the inner and outer barrels together. The balls carried by the inner barrel are designated 148 and those carried by the outer barrel are designated 148', the latter balls coupling the inner and outer barrels together and the. first-mentioned balls coupling the inner barrel and cylinder together. In addition to the ball retaining holes 147, the outer barrel has a middle group of holes indicated by the numeral 149 in each of which a ball 150 is housed for engagement in the stop groove 145 of the inner barrel. These balls 150 are introduced, after the key operated unit has been placed in its chamber in the lock body, through the passage 15! which is formed through the lock body from the bottom of the dove-tail slot which is closed by the sliding panel previously referred to. The wall of the chamber in which the modified key unit is disposed has a ball groove 152 therein so that as each ball is introduced through the passage 151 into a hole 149, it can be turned with the barrels and cylinder in the groove 152 until another hole ί49 comes into registry with the passage 151 and in this maimer, each of the holes can be supplied with a ball which will be of sufficient size to engage in both the chamber wall groove 152 and the inner barrel stop groove 145.

After the balls have been placed in position, the passage 151 is closed by a plug 153 which has its inner end transversely notched or grooved to correspond with the curvature of the groove 152 and the outer end of this plug has a head 154 which is countersunk in the bottom of the dove-tail slot so that it may be covered and held in place by the sliding plate which is inserted in this slot and which is here indicated by the numeral 155.

Since the key manipulation of the modified unit just described is exactly the same and the other parts are the same as in connection with the first described unit, it is not believed necessary to describe the working of this modified unit.

From the foregoing, it will be readily apparent that the present lock is of particularly novel construction and incapable of being picked, as are other forms of padlocks. With the present lock, it is not only necessary that the person desiring to open or close the same be possessed of the necessary specially formed key for the shifting of the tumbler pins, but it is necessary also that the possessor of the key have knowledge of the 5 manner in which the controlled knob must be manipulated in order that the barrels may be released for rotation by the key and he must also have knowledge of the particular manner in which the key must first be used in order to re- 10 lease the cylinder from the barrels so that it can be rotated after the key is put into the cylinder in the proper manner. Since the permutation features of the two separately operable units may be changed or made different in different locks, 15 it will be readily apparent that many combinations may be made up so that no two locks will operate in exactly the same manner.

It has previously been stated that in the construction of different locks, various changes may 20 be made in the positions of the locking pins 57 and 58, and in this connection it is also to be understood that changes may also be made in respect to the relative positions of the other parts such as the tumbler pins, the pins 94 and 95, 25 and other parts, so that a large variety of combinations may be established which will facilitate the making of a correspondingly large number of locks each requiring a particular knowledge for its operation. 30