Carburetor

Aug. 25, 1936. d. e. hartshorn 2,052,225

CARBURETOR Filed Feb. 16, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 1

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Aug. 25, 1936.

D. E. HARTSHORN

CARBURETOR

Filed Feb. 16, 1932

2,052,225

Sheets-Sheet 2

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FIG. 13

FIG. H

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FIG. 12

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Aug. 25, 1936.

D. E. HARTSHORN

CARBURETOR

Filed Feb. 16, 1932

2,052,225

Sheets-Sheet 3

FIG. 7

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Patented Aug. 25, 1936

2,052,225

UNITED STATES PATENT

OFFICE

2,052,225 CARBURETOR David E. Hartshorn, Dobbs Ferry, N. Y. Application February 16, 1932, Serial No. 593,288 15 Claims. (CL 261--44) engine to a stall or to engine. Guideways ¢9 tional.

S®·

2®· is a section on the line 8—3 of Fig. 1 is a. section on the line 4—4 of Mg. 1 shows details in a partial vertical sec80'

My invention relates, to an improvement in carburetors for internal combustion engines, or other purposes.

An object of my improvement is to simplify the construction and adjustment of such carburetor devices and to increase their efflciehcy and reliability in operation. Further objects and advantages will be apparent on reference to the drawings in view of the following specification, relating to. this invention.

In the drawings;

Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically in partial cross section a possible embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 shows a modification of the mixing venturi.

Fig.' 3 or 2. . . Mg. 4 or 2.

. Fig. 5-------«, yu.xv.wx rviuvBi acvtion through a carburetor according to this invention,

Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on the line 6—S of Fig. 5, . .

Fig. 7 is a broken vertical section on the line Ϊ—-l)of Fig. 5,

FJ|. 8 is a section on the line 8—8 of the Fig. 6, Mg. 3 is a section on the line 9—9 of Fig. 5, Fig. 10 is a section on the line. I®—10 of Fig. 6, and Fies. 11,12 and 13 are alternative sections on line ί I—I1 of Fig. 5. .

T^e carburetor in the embodiment of Fig. 1 has 'the usual float valve chamber indicated general^ as M with the float 11, for controlling admission of fuel from the line 12. .The usual or ' known details may be employed for admitting fuel to the means feeding the Venturi chamber indicated generally as 14.

The main body ί 5 of the venturi maintains its ideal tapering and proportions for the most ad-, vantageous vaporization of the fuel by employing a plunger or movable member 36 telescoping within the main body 15 of the Venturi chamber. The size of parts may be proportioned, however, so that the movable member may telescope over the other member. The movable member IS may be linked to throttling devices through a straight line linkage or by more simple means indicated as the hingedly mounted levers «1 and 18. The main body 15 may be provided with guiding extensions on which the movable member 16 may readily slide. Adjusting’ means mounted on either member may determine the range of movement of the movable member to avoid unintentionally throttling the avoid over speeding the in the venturi are opThe usual heating jacket may be employed on the outer Venturi member.

A fuel conduit member 2® traverses the va- 5 porizing chamber in a line parallel to the motion of the movable member and is arranged in the venturi in an optimum relationship to the throat of the venturi. This is seen in Fig. 3 in cross section. A fuel conduit 211 is disposed 10 longitudinally of the member 2® to receive fuel from the float valve chamber when needle valve 22 is lifted from its seat, by one of the methods to be described later. The member 2® extends within the movable member ί 0 and. has a con- 10 tinuous slot 23 or a similarly arranged series of perforations in the upper side of the member 20 in communication with the conduit 21. The slot may be of uniform width in the portion of the member 20 that may be exposed in the Ven- 20 turi chamber. The slot may alternatively be of^rincreasing or. decreasing width as seen in Figs. 11 and 12 and possibly longitudinally as well depending on the nature of the fuel or the characteristics of the motor for·, which the car- 25 buretor is .to be designed. Perforations, that may be employed instead of the slot 23, may similarly be tapered in cross section or in spacing or both as desired. The member ¢6 may be fitted to seal the slot 23 or perforations over 30 which it has passed. Additional fuel conducting means may be provided in the member 2® to feed the fuel slot or perforations adjacent the remote end of the member 2d. A larger perforation or bore could connect such an additional 35 fuel conduit to the main or higher fuel conduit.

Control of the fuel flow through conduit 21 may be by means of a rod 25 fitted within the conduit 21 and adapted to move with the movements of the movable throttling member 16. This rod may carry a small upstanding fin 125 to seal and sweep the slot 23 to prevent clogging. Increase in size of the fuel perforations or of the slot 23 is made available by increase in known bleeding. Air is bubbled into the fuel stream in controllable amounts to vary the richness or leanness of the fuel mixture passed into the Venturi stream. Adjustability of the rod 25 relative to the movable member 16 may be accomplished in any way as by a nut 26 held by a stop 27 and threaded to cooperate with threads on the rod 25. The rod member is movable to vary the ppen length of conduit 21 in a manner t₀compensate for changing conditions of operation such as from winter to summer. The rod 25 may

2,062,226 face of the fuel conduit to be variably opened depending possibly on the load carried by the engine. The variable opening of bleeding inlets 227 is accomplished since use is made of the fact that during acceleration or heavy load there 6 is less suction in the intake manifold and less suction in any conduit entering the intake manifold. The fall in value of the suction is employed to decrease bleeding of air into the fuel conduit. Additional bleeding. conduits 227 are 10 thus controlled to. be fully operative only for lighter loads and variably or increasingly blocked by a piston 228 when an ever richer fuel is needed for ever heavier loads.

Piston 228 is shown as a hollow capped cylinder, 15 spring pressed by spring 229 into a position at the extremity of control cylinder 230. The spring 229 is of suitable, stiffness and its response can be varied by a screw frame or system 232. A cap ' 233 threads into the cylinder and holds screw 20 frame 232 in its adjusted position. A suction c.onduit 234 of suitable size connects into the intake manifold to cause piston 228 to respond promptly to changes in pressure conditions at that controlling point. The various most suit- ²5 able fuel mixtures are thus obtainable over a wide range of operation by proper choice in the area of the fixed bleed openings 222 and the area range of bleed openings 227. The projecting member 237 carrying bleed holes 227 may also ³Q have gauze capping means.

The embodiment of means for variably controlling the gas flow is seen in a gas throttle member 37 haying a cam surface 371 that running on a flanged rotor or wheel 372 with a fixed axis ⁸⁸373 presses upwardly on a similar flanged rotor or wheel 374 oh axis 375 to rock the lifting member 351 for needle valye 322, through axis 376. The respective locations of the rotor member 374 and its supporting shaft 375 about which it ro- 40. tates can be interchanged for an arrangement such as that of Fig. 1.

The cam accomplishes the variable movement of the needle valve by the choice of cutting or outline in its surface 371 which may have any form 45. either linear as shown or curved outwardly for more rapid opening at flrst .or curved inwardly for a less rapid rate of opening at first with more rapid opening later. This latter or hollow cutting gives relatively greater flow of gas for accelera- 50 tion or for greater load. The cam like gas throttle member 37 is adjustably connected to the throttling member such as 17 or 18 by adjusting means such as a turnbuckle 377.

The usual hot jacketing of the venturi to im- 55. prove vaporization. is accomplished by water jacket members 46 and 47. The hot water or heating medium enters the jacket member 46, through connecting pipe 48 and passes from the member 46 to member 47 through pipe 49. A 60. pipe 51 carries the cooled medium to the pump of the circulating cooling system.j: or the engine.

The throttle rod 225 may tiav^a slot 252 for additional guiding means 253 to save wear on the fin 125. 65

Fig. 11 shows the alternative type of fuel slot 23α having increasing width outwardlyin conduit member 220α while Fig._; 12 shows another alternative type of slot 23b in fuel conduit member 220b to accommodate different conditions or fuels 7.0.. of different grades.

Fig. 13 shows an alternative, arrangement of fuel outlet into the Venturi throat with a slot or slots 23c arranged at an angle to the air blast.

An adapter unit may be employed between the 76 have a squared end or a wedge shaped end in which latter case the rod is to be arranged with its sloped face toward the slot 28 to decrease or taper the flow of fuel inwardly from Its end.

The venturi may be connected at its bottom to an air intake 30 and be provided with a drip pan 31. The air intake may be of.any of the known types including air filtering and/or optional hot spot heating.

The needle valve 22 may be lifted from its seat, sealing the end of the passageway 21, by a .rotatable member 35. The lifting of needle valve 22 by member 35 may be through an adjustable connection to the throttling lever 18 arranged to vary 15 the rate of opening, or through a choke connection such as 36 seen in Figs. 6 and 10 for. flooding the engine in cold starting. Alternatively, an independent choke inlet may be employed for flooding the venturi and the place of combustion such 20 as the cylinders of an engine. An optional means for lifting the needle valve from its seat is seen in a vacuum connection 38 to the intake manifold 39. The suction from the intake manifold 39 through the connection 38 operates on a 25 piston 40 in a cylinder 41. A spring 42 may hold the needle valve on its seat and be adjusted to the proper tension by a spider 43, movable by a threaded screw 44.

The embodiment in Fig. 2 shows tapering of 30 the Venturi chamber by flare in its walls both as in Fig. 1 and at right angles to the tapering of the venturi illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 and additional thereto. A member 115, shown in part, constitutes a closure for the float valve 35 chamber and is the fixed member of the venturi. A member 116, shown in part, constitutes the movable plunger or throttle of the carburetor as in Fig. 2. The carburetor of Fig. 2 connects to an intake manifold 139. The Venturi wall of 40 plunger member 116 and the opposing wall of member i 15 may be rounded out hollow to improve the venturi characteristics somewhat as seen in Fig. 6. The other or side Venturi walls in any embodiment of this invention would be plane 45 to provide a reasonable fit between the fixed member and the plunger member for sealing the Venturi chamber against undesirable leakage.

The bleeding or bubbling of air into the fuel to aid rapid mixing and vaporization of the fuel 50 stream into the venturi air stream is accomplished by connections somewhat as seen in Figs. 5 and 6. A fixed Venturi member 2IS and a movable or plunger Venturi member 216 cooperate with a fuel conduit member 220 to produce the 55 desired explosive mixture for power in the engine. The fuel conduit in member 220 consists of a long bore 121 variably stoppered by the rod 225. The additional fuel conducting means 221 are in full communication with the bore 121 and together βο they give a large wall area for bleeding purposes. Perforations 222 slope upwardly from one inner face of this fuel conduit to open air and one or more of these perforations or ports may be selectively open to air. The projecting member 05 223 bored for these perforations 222 may be shaped to retain a fine gauze cap to prevent entry of grit or may have any suitable cover of variable opening or openings to be used in testing the carburetor for the effects of varying bleeding 70 into the carburetor.

' It is known that for acceleration or for heavy load relatively more power or heat is required nailing for a richer fuel mixture than for mere economical operation. A series of supplementary 75 bleeding Inlets 227 is arranged entering the other

2,052,225 carburetor and intake manifold fitting. This adapter can be of a size at one end to match a particular intake manifold and at the other end match a standard carburetor. Thinning and 5 mixing of the fuel stream can be accomplished In this adapter by circumferentially disposed ports variably blocked by reeds secured at one end and adapted to yield at the other end to suction to admit a thin stream of air for a condition of in10 creased suction. The air jets admitted give the intake mixture a sharp whirling effect. A rigid collar may be arranged to variably cover or entirely cover these ports to limit their range of operation or render them entirely inoperative.

Such a collar may be arranged to be operated from a distant point.

Changes in the present disclosure may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.