Untitled record

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

EDWARD Ξ. TRACY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

FRAME OR CAISSON OF BREAKWATERS, &amp;c.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 20,105, dated. April 27, 1858.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, Edward H. Tracy, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improve5 ment in Breakwaters; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings,' making a part of the specification, in which—

Figure 1, is a transverse vertical section of my improvement. Fig. 2 is a plan or top view of ditto.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the two figures..

This invention is designed to obviate the difficulty attending the washing away of the foundations of breakwaters.

' The invention consists in constructing.the breakwater with two or more longitudinal 20 compartments which may be subdivided into cells, and having the inner compartment or compartments provided with a flooring, the outer compartment being open at its lower end so that in case the filling of the outer 25 compartment escapes in consequence of the washing away of the foundation directly beneath it the structure will be retained or supported by the inner compartment or compartments while the front compartment is 30 being refilled, and until sufficient of the filling or contents of the outer compartment has escaped therefrom to· form a durable foundation.

To enable those skilled in the art to fully 35 understand and construct my invention I will proceed to describe it.

A represents the frame of the breakwater which may be formed of rough or hewed logs (a) placed one over the other, the ends 40 overlapping and secured together by pins, bolts or other means.

B is a partition formed longitudinally in the frame and dividing the frame into two compartments C, D, the partition being J 45 formed in the same way as the sides of the , frame. The two compartments C, D, are divided into cells (δ) by transverse partitions, which serve to strengthen it. . The inner compartment D is provided with a 50 flooring E, but the outer compartment C, is open at its lower end. The frame thus constructed is sunk at the desired spot and secured by piles (/). The two compartments C, D, are then filled with stones O', shown 55 in red and the structure is completed.

The flooring E of the inner compartment

D retains the stones therein, and in case the foundation A' directly below the outer compartment C is washed away and the stones or filling allowed to escape therefrom the 60 compartment D, will retain the structure until the compartment C, is refilled, it being designed fo replenish the outer compartment C, as fast as its contents escape. The washing away of the foundation lielow the com- 65 partment C, however will be prevented after a time as the stones which have escaped from said apartment take the place of the sand or mud previously washed away and a durable foundation will be obtained. It will there- 70 fore be seen that the front compartment C, serves as a means to obtain a firm and durable foundation.

It will be understood that the. foundation below the compartment D not being exposed 7 5 to the action of the waves will remain firm, as the area inclosed by the breakwater is filled in as shown at B', Fig. 1.

At present the frames of such structures are frequently wholly open at the bottom 80 and all the filling of the frame allowed, to escape in case of the foundation being washed away. In such cases the frames are destroyed by the action of the.waves or are carried away by currents. With a view to 85 _tprevent this frames have been constructed with bottoms to prevent the stones or filling from escaping therefrom, but in case of the foundation being washed away the whole structure will tilt over it being undermined 90 and soon destroyed or rendered useless.

By my improvement it will be seen that provision is not only made for rendering the structure secure when on a poor foundation but a means also obtained for replacing such 95 foundation as it is washed away, by a durable one.