Automated Dunnage Filling System and Method

0001This invention claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/664,543, filed Mar. 23, 2005, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/625,356, filed Nov. 5, 2004, both of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

0002This invention relates generally to a dunnage dispensing system for supplying dunnage to a container, and more particularly to an automated system for dispensing a strip of dunnage into a container.

BACKGROUND

0003In the process of shipping one or more articles in a container, a packer typically places some type of dunnage material in the shipping container along with the articles. The dunnage material partially or completely fills the empty space the void volumes around the articles in the container. The dunnage material prevents or minimizes any shifting of the articles in the container and/or cushions the articles in the container during the shipping process. Some commonly used dunnage materials are plastic foam peanuts, plastic bubble pack, air bags and converted paper dunnage.

0004An exemplary dunnage conversion machine that converts a continuous sheet of paper into a crumpled strip of dunnage is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,676,589. Typically, as the crumpled strip is being discharged from the conversion machine a person, commonly referred to as a packer, guides, pushes and/or folds the crumpled strip into the container. The rapid speed at which the conversion machine can produce dunnage can make the packer's task difficult as well as tedious. Nevertheless, a packer heretofore generally has been needed to ensure that the dunnage properly fills the void around the articles in the container, and further to close and seal the container or at least initiate closure of the container prior to being passed to a case sealer.

SUMMARY

0005The present invention provides an automatic system and method for inserting dunnage, particularly a continuous strip of dunnage, into a container, thereby avoiding or minimizing the need for a packer, and freeing the packer for other tasks.

0006According to one aspect of the invention, a method of automatically dispensing a strip of dunnage into a container comprises the steps of using a dispenser to feed a length of a strip of dunnage lengthwise from an outlet of the dispenser, positioning the outlet relative to a container such that the strip will curl or fold back and forth upon itself within the confines of the container as it is being fed from the outlet of the dispenser, and using a container closer to move a cover or flaps of the container to a position that closes the container.

0007According to another aspect of the invention, a system for automatically dispensing a strip of dunnage into a container comprises a dispenser having an outlet from which the dispenser can feed a length of a strip of dunnage lengthwise, a container support for supporting a container thereon, the outlet being aligned with the container support, and a pusher device at the outlet for pushing, more particularly propelling, a trailing end of the strip of dunnage from the outlet toward the container support.

0008In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a system for automatically dispensing dunnage into a container comprises a chamber having an outlet opening at one end thereof, a dispenser for feeding dunnage into the chamber to form an accumulated quantity of dunnage, and a plunger for pushing the accumulated quantity of dunnage through the outlet of the chamber, whereby the dunnage can be dispensed into a container supported at the outlet of the chamber.

0009According to still another aspect of the invention, a system for automatically dispensing dunnage into a container comprises a dispenser having an outlet from which dunnage can be supplied and a container closer adjacent the outlet, the container closer having a movable member for effecting at least partial enclosure of an open side of a container.

0010According to another aspect of the invention, a method of automatically dispensing dunnage into a container comprises the steps of moving one or more flaps of a container inwardly relative to an open side of the container to partially close the open side of the container, and using a dispenser to feed dunnage into the partially closed container from an outlet of the dispenser that is aligned with the open side of the container.

0011According to another aspect of the invention, a system for automatically dispensing a strip of dunnage into a container comprises a container support for supporting a container at a dunnage filling station, a dispenser having an outlet from which the dispenser can feed a strip of dunnage into a container supported on the container support, and a container closer at the dunnage filling station having one or more movable members for pushing at least one flap of a container from an upright orientation toward a substantially horizontal orientation to at least partially close the container.

0012In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a system for automatically dispensing a strip of dunnage into a container comprises a container support for supporting a container and a dunnage dispenser having an outlet aligned with the support and from which the dispenser can dispense a strip of dunnage toward the support, wherein the container support and the outlet are movable relative to one another in at least a vertical direction and at least one of two orthogonal directions transverse the vertical direction to dispense dunnage into desired portions of the container.

0013According to yet another aspect of the invention, a method of automatically dispensing a strip of dunnage into a container, comprising the steps of using a dispenser to feed a strip of dunnage from an outlet of the dispenser, and using at least one positioning device to move one or more of the outlet and a container relative to the other of the outlet and the container while feeding a strip of dunnage from the outlet into the container.

0014According to another aspect of the invention, a system for automatically dispensing a strip of dunnage into a container comprises a dispenser having an outlet from which the dispenser can feed a strip of dunnage, a container support for supporting a container at a dunnage filling station adjacent the outlet with an open side of the container aligned with the outlet, a container closer at the dispensing station for at least partially closing the container, and a container closing station at a location removed from the dunnage filling station for closing and securing the container in a closed condition, and a controller for instructing the dispenser to dispense a strip of dunnage through the outlet and then instructing the container support to transport the container from the dunnage filling station to the container closing station.

0015Yet another aspect of the invention provides a method of automatically dispensing a strip of dunnage into a container, comprising the steps of using a dispenser to feed a predetermined length of a strip of dunnage through an outlet of the dispenser into a container at a dunnage filling station; using a container support to support a container at the dunnage filling station with an open side of the container aligned with the outlet of the dispenser; and using a container closer to move a cover or flaps of the container to a position that closes the container.

0016In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a packing system for supplying dunnage to a container comprises a source of dunnage and a dispensing assembly downstream of the source of dunnage that includes an elongated accumulating chamber and an outlet feed device at a downstream end of the elongated accumulating chamber that inhibits yet allows passage of the dunnage therethrough so that the dunnage can enter the chamber at an upstream end at a first rate and exit the chamber at a downstream end at a second rate that is less than the first rate.

0017According to another aspect of the invention, a method for supplying dunnage to a container to fill a void in the container around at least one article being packed comprises the following steps: supplying a length of dunnage; causing the dunnage to undulate transverse to its length within an accumulating chamber; and actuating a pusher to push the dunnage into a container.

0018According to still another aspect of the invention, a packing system for supplying dunnage to a container comprises a source of dunnage, and a dispensing assembly downstream of the source of dunnage that includes an elongated accumulating chamber and a rotating member at a downstream end of the chamber that feeds dunnage out of the chamber.

0019The foregoing and other features of the invention are hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims, the following description and the annexed drawings setting forth in detail several illustrative embodiments of the invention, such being indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> is a schematic elevational view of a packing line including an automated dunnage filling system according to the present invention.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2</figref> is an schematic elevational view of a portion of a packing of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>, showing an exemplary embodiment of an automatic dunnage filling system according to the invention.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref> is an enlarged perspective view of the dunnage dispenser portion of the dunnage filling system of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2</figref>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 4-9</figref> are sequential schematic cross-sectional elevational views of the dunnage dispenser shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref> that illustrate a dispensing operation.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10</figref> is a schematic perspective view of another dunnage filling system according to the present invention, which includes elements for relatively positioning and supporting the container with respect to a dunnage dispenser.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 11</figref> is a schematic perspective view of another automatic dunnage filling system according to the present invention.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 12</figref> is a side elevational view of another automatic dunnage filling system according to the present invention.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref> is a schematic perspective view of another automatic dunnage filling system according to the present invention, that includes a collection chamber.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref> is a schematic side view in partial cross-section of another automatic dunnage filling system according to the present invention, that also includes a collection chamber.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 15-19</figref> are schematic cross-sectional views of modified forms of collection chamber assemblies that may be employed in an automated dunnage filling system according to the present invention.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 20</figref> is a schematic perspective view of a another collection chamber assembly according to the present invention.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 21</figref> is a schematic plan view of yet another automated dunnage filling system according to the present invention, that includes a plurality of collection chambers mounted on a carrousel.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

0032Referring now to the drawings in detail, and initially to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>, an exemplary packing system <b>10</b> includes an automatic dunnage filling system <b>12</b> in accordance with the present invention. The dunnage filling system <b>12</b> automatically dispenses dunnage into a container to partially or completely fill a void volume in a container around one or more articles placed therein for shipping. “Filling” a void with dunnage thus includes providing dunnage to partially occupy the void as well as completely occupying the void. As a result, a dunnage filling system also can be referred to as a dunnage dispensing system to avoid any confusion about the degree of fill provided by the dispensed dunnage.

0033As will be appreciated, the packing system and components thereof may be used to pack many different types of containers, although in most instances the container will be a box, also referred to as a carton. Consequently, the terms box, container and carton are for the most part herein used interchangeably. However, adaptations may need to be made for different types of containers. For example, some containers may be provided pre-erected or do not require erection, thereby negating the need for the hereinafter described box erector. These adaptations and other modifications needed to accommodate containers of various types will be evident to those of ordinary skill in the art.

0034Moving from left to right in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>, the illustrated automated packing system <b>10</b> includes a box erector <b>18</b>, a product loading station <b>22</b>, a void measuring device <b>24</b>, a dunnage filling station <b>28</b> and a container closure station <b>34</b>. The box erector <b>18</b> erects a box from a flat blank <b>20</b>. At the product loading station <b>22</b> one or more articles or objects <b>16</b> are loaded into the box for shipping. The void measuring device <b>24</b>, which includes one or more sensors, determines the size of the box <b>14</b> and/or the volume of the void in the box <b>14</b> around the one or more objects <b>16</b> loaded therein. At the dunnage filling station <b>28</b>, the dunnage filling system <b>12</b> fills the void with dunnage and also may partially close the box <b>14</b>. At the container closure station <b>34</b>, a box sealer <b>32</b> completes the closure of the box and seals the container in its closed condition, ready to ship.

0035The packing system <b>10</b> also includes a controller <b>30</b> for controlling the packing system <b>10</b>. The controller <b>30</b> can be composed of one or more processors and associated peripheral devices for controlling the various components of the system and the transport of the container through the system. Individual components may have their own controllers which may be viewed as forming part of the overall system controller. An exemplary controller is a programmable logic controller (PLC). In addition, the system includes a container support and/or transport assembly, such as the illustrated conveyor <b>36</b> which may have portions thereof powered for transport of the container from one station to the next under the control of the controller as further discussed below.

0036In conjunction with signals from the void measuring device <b>24</b>, the controller determines the container height, which it then uses to control the conveyor <b>36</b> or other container support and/or the dunnage dispenser to position the dispenser outlet in proximity to an open side of the container. The controller also can determine the void volume in the container based on signals from the void measuring device. The controller can then control the dunnage dispenser to dispense a quantity of dunnage to fill the void. A larger void volume might require a longer length of dunnage, for example.

0037Therefore, in accordance with an automated packing process according to the invention, a container <b>14</b> is erected by the box erector <b>18</b> and moved to the product loading station <b>22</b> where one or more articles <b>16</b> are placed in the container <b>14</b>. The container <b>14</b> is then moved to the dunnage filling station <b>28</b> where dunnage is automatically dispensed into the container to fill the void in the container. The container is then passed through the box sealer <b>32</b> where the container <b>14</b> is closed and sealed for shipping. All of these steps can be performed automatically. However, the present invention focuses on automatic performance of the dunnage filling and container closing operations, thereby negating the need for a packer who in the past was needed to perform these operations albeit with the aid of automated equipment.

0038The packing system <b>10</b> also includes a container support for supporting a container for the dunnage filling system <b>12</b> to fill the void therein with dunnage. The container support can include a table, a stand, a conveyor or other surface that can support the container <b>14</b> for receipt of the dunnage strip. The container support can include a transport device for transporting a container through one or more stations in the packing system <b>10</b>. The conveyor <b>36</b> is controllably started and stopped to move the container <b>14</b> through the packing system <b>10</b>, and can include one continuous conveyor or a plurality of conveyor segments. In the illustrated embodiment, the container support is in the form of a conveyor <b>36</b>. The conveyor <b>36</b> or other container support can include a positioning device to register or otherwise position the container <b>14</b> relative to and aligned with an outlet of the dunnage dispenser <b>26</b>.

0039As shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2</figref>, the conveyor <b>36</b> can have multiple segments <b>50</b>, <b>52</b> and <b>54</b> for transporting a container <b>14</b> through the packing system <b>10</b>. Each segment of the conveyor is independently controllable by the controller <b>30</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>) to regulate the flow of containers <b>14</b> through the packing system <b>10</b>. The first conveyor segment <b>50</b> transports a container <b>14</b> past the void measuring device <b>24</b> (and passes the container to the second conveyor segment <b>52</b>.

0040A typical shipping container or box <b>14</b> is shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref>. As above mentioned the container <b>14</b> can take other forms, but the herein shown exemplary embodiment is intended for use with boxes and thus is chiefly described in this context. The container <b>14</b> has a closed bottom side, substantially vertical side walls <b>74</b> perpendicular to the bottom side and to adjacent side walls, and an open top side <b>76</b> bounded by opposing pairs of flaps <b>80</b> and <b>82</b> extending upward from top edges of the side walls. The flaps <b>80</b> and <b>82</b> are foldable along a horizontal fold line <b>84</b> at the top edge of the side walls <b>74</b> to close the open side <b>76</b> of the container <b>14</b>. In place of or in addition to such a container, a shoebox-style container that does not have flaps can be used in some situations (such as the container shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 18</figref>). This type of container is closed by a lid placed over the open side of the container.

0041The conveyor <b>36</b>, and particularly the second conveyor segment <b>52</b>, transports the container <b>14</b> to the dunnage filling or dispensing station <b>28</b> where a positioning assembly <b>90</b> positions the container <b>14</b> relative to an outlet <b>92</b> of a dunnage dispenser <b>12</b>. The positioning assembly <b>90</b> includes one or more movable members <b>94</b> that engage the container <b>14</b> to guide and move the container <b>14</b> relative to the conveyor segment <b>52</b>, and thereby align the open side of the container <b>14</b> with the outlet <b>92</b>. The illustrated pair of movable members <b>94</b> engage opposing side walls <b>74</b> of the container <b>14</b> and laterally center the container on the conveyor segment <b>52</b>. The flaps <b>80</b> and <b>82</b> of a container <b>14</b> are upright if not vertical. As oriented by the positioning assembly, two of the flaps <b>82</b> generally extend parallel to the direction of motion <b>122</b> imparted by the conveyor <b>36</b> to the container <b>14</b>, and the other two flaps <b>80</b> extend perpendicular to the conveyor direction <b>122</b>. The positioning assembly <b>70</b> thus positions the container <b>14</b> in a filling zone at the dunnage filling station <b>28</b>, ready for receipt of dunnage from the outlet <b>92</b> of the dispenser <b>60</b>. The second conveyor segment <b>52</b> can be stopped or the positioning assembly can hold the container <b>14</b> in place against movement of the conveyor segment <b>52</b>, whereby the container <b>14</b> can be filled with dunnage while stationary. Alternatively, the conveyor segment <b>52</b> can be controllably moved while dunnage is being dispensed into the container <b>14</b>. After dunnage is fed into the container <b>14</b>, the second conveyor segment <b>52</b> passes the container <b>14</b> to the third conveyor segment <b>54</b> which transports the container <b>14</b> past the container sealer <b>32</b> where the process of closing the container <b>14</b> for shipment is completed.

0042The dunnage filling system <b>12</b> includes a dunnage dispenser <b>26</b> for dispensing dunnage into the box <b>14</b> at the dunnage filling station <b>28</b>. The dunnage filling system <b>12</b> shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 3-9</figref> includes an exemplary dunnage dispenser <b>96</b> for dispensing dunnage from a source thereof. Any dunnage dispenser that dispenses a strip of dunnage, such as a paper strip, a string of air bags or foam beads, extruded foam, etc., can be provided in accordance with the present invention. The illustrated dunnage dispenser <b>96</b> includes a dunnage converter <b>98</b> that draws a stock material <b>100</b> from a supply <b>102</b>, in this case a stack of fan-folded sheet stock material, and converts it to a strip of dunnage <b>104</b> that is relatively less dense than its original stock material <b>100</b>. Although the dunnage dispenser is described herein as one or more components that automatically deliver dunnage to a container, the source of dunnage, such as a dunnage converter, can be considered to be a “dunnage dispenser” by itself, from which other components described herein guide and feed the dunnage from the dunnage converter to the container.

0043An exemplary dunnage converter is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,676,589, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. An exemplary sheet stock material for use in such a converter includes at least one ply of kraft paper, which can be provided in a fan-folded stack as shown. Alternatively, a sheet stock material can be provided in roll form. The dunnage converter <b>98</b> includes a constant entry member <b>106</b> over which the sheet stock material is drawn into a funnel or converging chute <b>108</b> that inwardly gathers and randomly crumples the stock material as it is drawn therethrough to form the strip of dunnage.

0044The dunnage converter <b>98</b> also includes a pair of rotating feed members <b>109</b>, <b>110</b> that pull the sheet stock material <b>100</b> through the funnel <b>108</b> and then feed the crumpled strip from the funnel <b>108</b> into a dispensing chute <b>112</b> that terminates at the outlet <b>92</b> of the dunnage dispenser <b>96</b>. The dunnage converter <b>98</b> also includes a separating mechanism <b>111</b> for separating a length of the dunnage strip at a separating location upstream of the dispenser outlet <b>92</b> and upstream of a device that is operative to feed a trailing portion or end of the separated length of dunnage strip out of the dispenser outlet. The separating mechanism <b>111</b> can include a controllably movable cutting blade for separating a length of dunnage. In general, the rotating feed members <b>109</b> stop, then a movable cutting blade crosses the path of the strip of dunnage <b>104</b>. The trailing end <b>118</b> of the separated strip of dunnage <b>104</b> is then free from its connection to the remaining stock material in the dunnage converter <b>98</b>.

0045Adjacent the outlet <b>92</b>, the dunnage dispenser <b>96</b> includes a pusher <b>114</b> for pushing the trailing end <b>118</b> of the dunnage strip <b>104</b> lengthwise out the outlet <b>92</b> and preferably propelling it toward the container support and into a capture zone within the confines of the open container <b>14</b>, whereby upon closing the container <b>14</b> the dunnage strip, and particularly the trailing end of the strip, will be captured therein. The illustrated pusher <b>114</b> includes a pair of rotating members <b>115</b>, <b>116</b> between which the strip of dunnage <b>104</b> is propelled. The rotating members <b>115</b> and <b>116</b> preferably are resilient members, such as brushes, paddle wheels or rollers that have resilient bristles, paddle wheels or covers that resiliently frictionally engage and feed the dunnage strip, preferably without damaging its cushioning or void-filling properties. If the pusher <b>114</b> only engages the trailing end of the dunnage strip, however, some loss of cushioning or void-filling properties may be acceptable. Other kinds of pushers can be used in place of or in addition to the illustrated rotating members. For example, an air blast or jet can be used to assist the dunnage in moving into the container <b>14</b>. An exemplary rotating member is a rotatable, generally cylindrical brush, which allows the rotating member to engage and slip against the strip of dunnage <b>104</b> without damaging it. The rotating brushes <b>115</b> and <b>116</b> can be rotated at an effective tangential speed that is greater than the speed at which the rotating feed members <b>109</b> and <b>110</b>, whereby the brushes can slip relative to the strip of dunnage <b>104</b> but will move the trailing end of the strip through the outlet <b>92</b> and propel it into the confines of the container <b>14</b>.

0046In addition to the dunnage dispenser <b>96</b>, the dunnage filling system <b>12</b> also may have associated therewith a container closer with at least one closer member to close or hold closed a cover or one or more flaps of a container. In this embodiment, the dunnage filling system <b>12</b> includes a flap-closing assembly at the dunnage filling station <b>28</b>, with at least one first movable member for at least partially closing at least one flap of a container <b>14</b> at the dunnage filling station <b>28</b>. The illustrated flap-closing assembly includes a pair of flap pushers <b>120</b> on opposing sides of the container <b>14</b> that are mounted for rotation about an axis at an upper end thereof. The position of the illustrated flap pushers <b>120</b> is controlled by respective pneumatic actuators <b>124</b>. Other means for moving the flap pushers <b>120</b> against the flaps <b>80</b> of the container <b>14</b>, such as hydraulics, electric motors, solenoid, etc. can be used in place of or in addition to the pneumatic actuators <b>124</b> to move the flap pushers <b>120</b>. Moreover, other means may be employed to move the flaps, in addition to or in place of the illustrated movable members. For example, air jets could be used to push the flaps inwardly to a closed position, or to an inclined position against a side of the guide chute <b>112</b>.

0047The flap-closing assembly uses one or more flap pushers <b>120</b> to push one or more flaps inwardly from an upright ready position (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>) to an inclined dispensing position (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref>) extending over the open side <b>76</b> of the container <b>14</b> to partially close the open side of the container <b>14</b>. The illustrated embodiment includes a pair of flap pushers <b>120</b> on opposing sides of the outlet, but in some instances only one flap pusher <b>120</b> may be actuated. The flap pushers <b>120</b> preferably push the flaps to an angle of at least about forty-five degrees relative to vertical to facilitate further closing the flaps by pushing downward on them. The flap pushers <b>120</b> have an outer surface facing inward relative to the outlet <b>92</b> for engaging respective flaps <b>80</b>, specifically the flaps that extend perpendicular to the conveyor direction <b>122</b>. The flap-engaging surface of the flap pushers <b>120</b> has an approximate J-shape. Protruding from the J-shape surface of the flap pushers <b>120</b> is a heel or spur <b>126</b> that facilitates pushing the flaps <b>80</b> inwardly over a range of container sizes, and in particular facilitates engaging the flaps of smaller container sizes than a spur-less J-shape surface. Thus the flap pushers <b>120</b> recruit the flaps <b>120</b> to form a continuation of the guide chute <b>112</b> whereby the flaps <b>80</b> assist in guiding and containing the strip of dunnage within a capture zone of the flaps as the strip is fed into the container <b>14</b>. Alternatively, the flaps can be left upright until after the trailing end of the dunnage strip <b>104</b> has been fed from the outlet <b>92</b> of the dunnage dispenser <b>96</b>. After the dunnage <b>104</b> has been fed into the container <b>14</b>, the flap-closing assembly returns the flap pushers <b>120</b> to the ready position of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>.

0048To facilitate closing the container <b>14</b> further and to ensure that the trailing end of the strip <b>104</b> of dunnage is captured within the container <b>14</b>, the flap-closing assembly also includes a second movable member with a generally horizontal surface that is movable relative to the conveyor <b>36</b> or other container support to move the flaps from the inclined partially-closed position (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref>) to a substantially horizontal closed position (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8</figref>). In the illustrated embodiment, this horizontal surface is defined at least in part by a pair of generally horizontal rails <b>130</b>, the lower surfaces of which are mounted to extend beyond the outlet <b>92</b> of the dispenser <b>96</b>. The rails <b>130</b> extend parallel to the direction the container <b>14</b> moves on the conveyor <b>36</b> beyond the maximum expected container size to minimize the possibility of a distal end of a rail <b>130</b> catching on an inside portion of the container <b>14</b>. The rails <b>130</b> have a bottom surface that is generally parallel to the surface of the conveyor <b>36</b>. The bottom surface of the rails can be extended by plate members therebetween, provided that a path is provided for the flap-pushers <b>120</b> to engage the container flaps <b>80</b>.

0049The rails <b>130</b> preferably engage the distal ends of the inclined flaps <b>80</b> when the flap pushers <b>120</b> retract to prevent the flaps <b>80</b> from returning to their upright position. The rails <b>130</b> preferably hold at least one flap closed as the container <b>14</b> is moved from the dunnage filling station <b>28</b>. Although the flap-closing assembly only moves the flaps <b>80</b> to a closed position, and those flaps might not completely close the open side of the container <b>14</b>, the flap-closing assembly does partially close the container by moving at least one flap to its closed position. The confines of the container include a space bounded by the extent of the flaps <b>80</b> and <b>82</b> and the side walls <b>74</b> of the container <b>14</b>. The flaps <b>80</b> further define a capture zone between their upright open position and their substantially horizontal closed position, whereby in moving the flaps <b>80</b> to the closed position the flaps <b>80</b> will engage and hold any dunnage in the capture zone within the container.

0050In the illustrated embodiment, the rails <b>130</b> are mounted to the dispensing chute <b>112</b> with the bottom surface thereof at or below the outlet <b>92</b>. Thus, to move the rails <b>130</b> and thus close the flaps, the dunnage converter <b>98</b> and the dispensing chute <b>112</b> are mounted for controlled vertical movement toward and away from the conveyor <b>36</b> and the containers <b>14</b> moving thereon. For filling a container <b>14</b>, the outlet <b>92</b> of the dispenser <b>96</b> typically is positioned near a top of the upright flaps <b>80</b> and <b>82</b> of the container <b>14</b>. Upon pushing the flaps <b>80</b> toward a horizontal orientation, the outlet <b>92</b> generally is near the fold line <b>84</b> at the top of the side walls <b>74</b> of the container <b>14</b>. Both of these positions of the outlet <b>92</b> can vary with the size of the container <b>14</b>. The dunnage filling system can be programmed to position the outlet <b>92</b> of the dispenser <b>96</b> at different heights relative to both the container support and the container, both for dispensing dunnage and for closing the flaps <b>80</b>, to accommodate different size containers <b>14</b>. The conveyor <b>36</b> then moves the container <b>14</b> out of the filling zone and the dunnage filling station <b>28</b> while holding the flaps <b>80</b> down (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 9</figref>), and hands off the container to the box sealer. The resilient nature of most dunnage may tend to push the flaps back open. Preferably, the rails <b>130</b> or another device including a component of the box sealer <b>32</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>) holds the flaps in their closed position all the way to the box sealer <b>32</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>) so that the flaps <b>80</b> do not have an opportunity to open back up and allow the dunnage to escape therefrom. Once the container has passed out of the dunnage filling station <b>28</b>, the rails <b>130</b> are raised to the extended flap height of the next container, under the direction of the controller <b>30</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>) based on one or more signals from the void mechanism <b>24</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>).

0051Another embodiment of an automatic dunnage filling system <b>140</b> according to the present invention is shown schematically in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10</figref>. As in the previous embodiment, the dunnage filling system <b>140</b> includes a dunnage dispenser <b>142</b> and a container support in the form of a conveyor <b>144</b>, and the dunnage dispenser <b>142</b> includes a dunnage conversion machine or converter <b>146</b>, for dispensing a strip of dunnage <b>150</b> into a container <b>152</b> in which an object <b>154</b> has been placed for shipping.

0052The dunnage dispenser <b>142</b> also includes a dispensing assembly <b>148</b> that receives the strip of dunnage <b>150</b> from the converter <b>146</b>, and then guides and feeds the dunnage strip through an outlet <b>156</b> of the dispenser <b>142</b> and into a container <b>152</b>. In <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10</figref>, the dispensing assembly <b>148</b> includes an elongated accumulating chamber or guide chute <b>160</b>. An outlet feed device or pusher <b>162</b> at a downstream end of the accumulating chamber <b>160</b> inhibits yet allows passage of the dunnage strip <b>150</b> therethrough so that the dunnage strip <b>150</b> enters the chamber <b>160</b> at an upstream end at a first rate and exits the chamber <b>160</b> at a downstream end at a second rate that is less than the first rate. As used herein, the terms “upstream” and “downstream” refer to the flow of stock material and dunnage through the dunnage dispenser from an upstream end toward the outlet at the downstream end. The different feed rates into and out of the accumulating chamber <b>160</b> cause the dunnage strip <b>150</b> to undulate sideways, or snake, back and forth widthwise and/or depthwise in the chamber <b>160</b>, which promotes folding of the dunnage strip <b>150</b> as it traverses the length of the elongated accumulating chamber <b>160</b> through the outlet and into the void in the container <b>152</b>. As the dunnage strip <b>150</b> passes from the accumulating chamber <b>160</b>, through the outlet <b>156</b> and into the container <b>152</b>, it has a tendency to fold at spaced points along its length. These pre-imparted fold points improve the flow of the dunnage strip <b>150</b> and improves its ability to fill the void around the objects <b>154</b> in the container <b>152</b> as it tends to fold at those points as it is fed into the container <b>152</b>.

0053As in the dispensing chute <b>112</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref>) in the previous embodiment, the pusher <b>162</b> in the illustrated dunnage dispenser <b>142</b> includes at least one rotating member <b>164</b>, and preferably a pair of rotating members <b>164</b> cooperative to engage and advance the trailing end of the dunnage strip therebetween, mounted in the chamber <b>160</b> adjacent the outlet <b>156</b> to engage the dunnage strip <b>150</b> and propel it out of the outlet <b>156</b>. The rotating members <b>164</b> are the same as those in the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref>, and can slip relative to the strip <b>150</b> while it is being fed therebetween, yet will engage and drive the trailing end of the dunnage strip without crushing it, which could damage or destroy its cushioning and/or void-filling properties. In fact, some slippage between the rotating members and the dunnage is acceptable.

0054In contrast to the dispensing chute <b>112</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref>) of the previous embodiment, the dispensing assembly <b>148</b> also includes an inlet feed device <b>166</b> at the upstream end of the accumulating chamber <b>160</b> and disposed along the path of the dunnage strip <b>150</b> for engaging and advancing the dunnage strip from the converter <b>146</b> and into the elongated accumulating chamber <b>160</b>. In particular, the illustrated inlet feed device <b>166</b> includes a pair of opposed rotating members <b>168</b> disposed on opposite sides of the path of the strip at an upstream end of the accumulating chamber <b>160</b>. The upstream rotating members <b>168</b> can be the same as the downstream rotating members <b>164</b>. The rotating members <b>168</b> at the upstream end of the elongated accumulating chamber <b>160</b>, however, are rotated to provide a feed rate that is higher than that provided by the rotating members <b>164</b> at the downstream end of the elongated accumulating chamber <b>160</b>, which creates the desired undulating movement of the dunnage <b>150</b> in the chamber <b>160</b> therebetween. The dunnage filling system <b>140</b> shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10</figref> is effective at filling a void in a container that is not uniform, such as a void that appears on only one side of the objects in the container, and can effectively fill the void in a range of sizes and volumes.

0055As shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 11</figref>, to facilitate distributing a strip of dunnage <b>170</b> to different parts of a container <b>172</b>, an outlet of a dunnage dispenser <b>174</b> and/or a container support <b>176</b> for supporting a container <b>172</b> thereon may be movably disposed relative to each other. Accordingly, the dunnage filling system can include a mechanism for positioning the outlet of the dispenser relative to the open side of the container. The outlet preferably is positioned in close proximity to an open side of the container, including at an elevation above or below the upper extent of the upright flaps, or an upper extent of the side walls of the container, for example, during feeding of the dunnage strip from the outlet. As shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 11</figref>, the dispenser outlet <b>172</b> and the container support <b>176</b> are controllably moved relative to one another in respective X, Y and Z orthogonal directions to position the outlet to distribute the dunnage to different places in the container <b>172</b>.

0056Additionally or alternatively, the dunnage dispenser can include a flexible portion (not shown), for example, to facilitate directing the dunnage to specific voids in a container. As a further alternative, the outlet can be fixed and aligned with a movable curved or inclined guide surface, that is movable to direct dunnage fed from the outlet to the container and/or a desired location within the container. This guide surface can be mounted downstream of the outlet for rotation about an axis that is parallel to the axis of the outlet, and/or the outlet can be pivotally mounted to a gimbal to dispense the dunnage in a desired direction. Although the outlet of the dunnage dispenser and/or the container support can be guided manually or semi-automatically by an operator to fill the void as the dunnage dispenser automatically dispenses dunnage, the relative movement of the outlet and the container support preferably is automatically controlled based on information received from a contour sensor, for example, that determines the contour of the interior of the container and its contents.

0057In <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 11</figref>, the container support <b>176</b> includes a platform in the form of a conveyor that can move the container <b>172</b> back and forth in a longitudinal or X-direction, and the conveyor itself is moveable in both a vertical Z-direction and a sideways Y-direction to receive the dunnage in a void around the objects <b>178</b> in the container <b>172</b>. This movement can be controlled automatically to fill a void having an irregular three-dimensional contour around the objects <b>178</b> in the container <b>172</b>.

0058Alternatively, the container support can include a platform that is separate from the conveyor, as shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 12</figref>. In this system <b>180</b>, which is substantially identical to the dunnage filling system <b>140</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10</figref>, a converter <b>182</b> dispenses a strip of dunnage <b>184</b> to an accumulating chamber <b>186</b>, which in turn feeds the dunnage longitudinally or lengthwise directly into a container <b>188</b> that is supported on a positioning device or movable platform <b>190</b>. The conveyor <b>192</b>, which can be a roller conveyor, for example, delivers the container <b>188</b> to a packing position at the dunnage filling station. The movable platform <b>190</b> can include forks that extend between the rollers of a roller conveyor, for example, to lift the container therefrom. Appropriate sensors and stops can be used to stop the container at the dunnage filling station in conjunction with control of the operation of the conveyor by the controller <b>30</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>). The movable platform <b>190</b> can raise the container <b>188</b> above the conveyor <b>192</b> in a vertical Z-direction and can move the container <b>188</b> horizontally, including in the Y-direction, as shown in phantom in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 12</figref>. The movable platform <b>190</b> can be controlled by the controller <b>30</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>) to move the container <b>188</b> to a fixed position for dispensing a strip of dunnage thereto or to move the container <b>188</b> relative to the outlet of the accumulating chamber <b>186</b> while the dunnage strip is fed into the container <b>188</b>. The controller <b>202</b> controls the relative movement of the outlet and the movable platform, and also controls the converter <b>182</b> to dispense the desired amount of dunnage.

0059Another automatic dunnage filling system <b>300</b> is shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref>, and includes a dunnage dispenser <b>301</b> having a dunnage converter <b>302</b> that converts a sheet stock material <b>304</b> in a fan-folded stack <b>306</b> into a strip of dunnage <b>310</b>, a horizontally oriented elongated accumulating chamber <b>312</b> aligned with an outlet of the converter <b>302</b>, and a collection chamber <b>314</b> that receives the dunnage <b>310</b> from the accumulating chamber <b>312</b> and pushes the dunnage strip out an outlet <b>322</b> and into a container <b>324</b>. The guide chute or accumulating chamber <b>312</b> can be aligned with the axis of the collection chamber <b>314</b>, whereby the dunnage strip <b>310</b> can fold or curl on itself within the collection chamber to form a plurality of generally upright segments as shown. The container <b>324</b> is supported on a movable container support or positioning device <b>336</b>, which is typically a conveyor, aligned with the outlet from the collection chamber <b>314</b>. A controller <b>316</b> controls the converter <b>302</b> to produce the desired length of dunnage. The elongated accumulating chamber <b>312</b> is substantially the same as that described with respect to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10</figref>, but in this embodiment the outlet <b>322</b> of the dunnage dispenser <b>301</b> is at the downstream end of the collection chamber <b>314</b>.

0060The collection chamber <b>314</b> has an upstream opening <b>320</b> for receiving the strip of dunnage <b>310</b> from the accumulating chamber <b>312</b> and a downstream opening or outlet <b>322</b> for dispensing the dunnage into the container <b>324</b>. The strip of dunnage <b>310</b> received in the collection chamber <b>314</b> randomly folds and curls on itself along its length as it collects in the chamber, just as the strip of dunnage does within the confines of the side walls and the flaps of the container in the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref>.

0061A pusher, in this case a plunger <b>326</b> having a cross-section that approximates a cross-section of the collection chamber <b>314</b>, pushes the dunnage from the collection chamber <b>314</b>, through the outlet <b>322</b> and into the container <b>324</b>. The downstream opening or outlet <b>322</b> can be left open such that some of the collected dunnage can pass therethrough before the balance is pushed out. The plunger <b>326</b> generally stops near the top of the fold lines <b>328</b> for the flaps <b>330</b> of the container <b>324</b>, and can extend into the container <b>324</b> somewhat given the resilient nature of most dunnage. In addition, the plunger <b>326</b> includes a resilient cushion <b>332</b> on its end face made of foam rubber, for example, that contacts the dunnage being pushed from the chamber <b>314</b>. The cushion <b>332</b> helps to promote the filling of all parts of the void around the one or more objects in the container <b>324</b> as the dunnage strip <b>310</b> is pushed into the container. This dunnage filling system <b>300</b> is particularly well-suited for top-filling a container with a substantially uniform-depth void in an upper portion of the container <b>324</b>, which generally is above the objects placed in the container for packing.

0062Although not necessary for all situations, the illustrated collection chamber <b>314</b> also includes a movable closure member or retainer <b>334</b> that is movable between a retention position that blocks the downstream opening <b>322</b> of the collection chamber <b>314</b> to retain the dunnage <b>310</b> therein, and a discharge position that allows the dunnage <b>310</b> to pass through the outlet <b>322</b> and out of the collection chamber <b>314</b>. Alternatively, the retainer could include resilient members that hold the dunnage within the chamber but that allow the dunnage to pass when the plunger pushes against the dunnage. The retainer <b>334</b> holds the dunnage <b>310</b> in the chamber <b>314</b> and encourages it to fold therein as the desired amount or length of dunnage <b>310</b> is fed into and collected in the collection chamber <b>314</b>. The retainer <b>334</b> also holds the dunnage <b>310</b> in the collection chamber <b>314</b> while a container <b>324</b> is registered relative to the outlet <b>322</b>. Then the retainer <b>334</b> is moved to its open or discharge position and the plunger <b>326</b> pushes the entire quantity of dunnage into the container <b>324</b> to fill the void therein. Put another way, the chamber <b>314</b> is charged with a predetermined quantity of dunnage, and then that dunnage charge is pushed through the outlet and into the void in a container. If the retainer is omitted, the leading end of the dunnage strip <b>310</b> can pass through the outlet <b>322</b> and into the container <b>324</b>. Once the desired amount of dunnage <b>310</b> has entered the collection chamber <b>314</b>, the plunger <b>326</b> pushes the trailing end of the dunnage <b>310</b> into the container <b>324</b>. In this case, however, the container <b>324</b> generally must be in place before the leading end of the dunnage <b>310</b> passes through the outlet <b>322</b>.

0063Another dunnage filling system <b>350</b> is shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref>. This embodiment is similar to the previously-described embodiment, but omits an accumulating chamber in favor of feeding a strip of dunnage <b>352</b> directly into a collection chamber <b>354</b>. In this dunnage filling system <b>350</b>, a dunnage dispenser <b>356</b> includes a dunnage converter <b>358</b> and the collection chamber <b>354</b> into which it propels a strip of dunnage <b>352</b>. A controller <b>360</b> controls the dunnage converter <b>358</b> to convert a sheet stock material <b>362</b> into the dunnage strip <b>352</b> and an actuator for a plunger <b>364</b> to push a randomly folded strip of dunnage <b>352</b> from the collection chamber <b>354</b> and into a container <b>366</b>. The container <b>366</b> is supported by a container support <b>368</b> that is movable relative to the outlet <b>370</b> of the collection chamber <b>354</b> to position the outlet <b>370</b> proximate a top edge of the side walls <b>372</b> of the container <b>366</b>. In other words, the outlet can be positioned between a distal edge of an upright flap <b>374</b> and a flap fold line <b>376</b>, as an alternative to the position above the vertical extent of the upright flaps <b>374</b> shown in other figures.

0064Various alternative types of collection chambers are shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 15-20</figref> for automatically pushing dunnage into a container. The collection chamber in each case is the same as the collection chamber <b>354</b> unless otherwise described. Moreover, to simplify the description and drawings, the dunnage filling systems shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 15-20</figref> also show a strip of dunnage being fed directly into a collection chamber, as in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref>. Each of these systems could include an accumulating chamber or other guide chute interposed between the dunnage converter and the collection chamber.

0065In <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 15</figref>, a pair of driven horizontal axis rotating members <b>400</b> feed a strip of dunnage <b>402</b> from the dunnage converter <b>358</b> into the collection chamber <b>354</b>, causing the dunnage strip to form more upright segments as it folds and curls back on itself. These relatively vertical segments of dunnage collect in the collection chamber <b>354</b> and the plunger <b>364</b> pushes the collected dunnage into a container.

0066In <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 16</figref>, the dunnage converter <b>358</b> passes a strip of dunnage into the collection chamber <b>354</b> through an inlet opening closed by a flipper door <b>404</b> hingedly connected to a sidewall of the collection chamber <b>354</b> adjacent the inlet. The flipper door <b>404</b> is closed by an actuator <b>406</b>, such as a solenoid, to push the tail end of a strip of dunnage <b>408</b> into the collection chamber <b>354</b> before actuating the plunger <b>364</b>.

0067<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 17</figref> shows a collection chamber <b>354</b> having a conveyor loop <b>414</b> mounted to one side of the collection chamber <b>354</b> opposite the inlet <b>415</b>. The conveyor <b>414</b> is driven by a motor <b>416</b> to present a downstream-moving surface <b>418</b> to the dunnage strip <b>420</b> as it is fed into the collection chamber <b>354</b> by a pair of rotating members <b>400</b> from the dunnage converter <b>358</b>. This is believed to improve the folding action of the dunnage <b>420</b> as it engages the moving surface <b>418</b> and allows the collection chamber <b>354</b> to accommodate a larger range of void sizes.

0068In <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 18</figref>, a spring-biased door <b>426</b> is provided at an edge of the outlet <b>428</b> of the collection chamber <b>354</b> opposite the inlet <b>430</b> to the collection chamber <b>354</b>. The spring-biased door <b>426</b> slopes inwardly and helps to promote folding of the dunnage strip <b>432</b> before it enters the container <b>434</b>. Note that this container is a shoebox-style container without flaps. The container is positioned with its open side <b>436</b> adjacent the outlet <b>428</b> of the collection chamber <b>354</b>.

0069In <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 19</figref>, the dunnage converter <b>358</b> dispenses dunnage onto a ramp <b>440</b> and into the collection chamber <b>354</b>. A pusher bar <b>442</b> powered by a solenoid or other drive mechanism <b>444</b>, in conjunction with the ramp <b>440</b>, guides the strip of dunnage <b>446</b> into the collection chamber <b>354</b> and pushes the tail end of the dunnage strip <b>446</b> into the collection chamber <b>354</b>. In place of or in addition to any of the mechanical pushers described herein, an air blast or jet can be used to assist the dunnage in moving into the chamber and/or into a container.

0070The speed with which the dunnage is fed into the collection chamber, combined with the stiffness and/or other qualities of the dunnage and the dimensions of the space in the collection chamber into which the dunnage is fed, cause the dunnage to undulate back and forth across the width or depth of the collection chamber, curling or folding along its length. As shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 13 and 15</figref>, for example, the feed rate of the strip of dunnage as it enters the collection chamber and the dimensions of the collection chamber <b>354</b> can effect the behavior of the dunnage strip. Although the drawings are highly schematic, in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref>, for example the dunnage <b>310</b> forms generally horizontal loops and folds in the chamber <b>354</b> whereby the dunnage pushed out of the collection chamber will generally fill the edges of the container better. As shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 15</figref>, the dunnage can be made to undulate and fold back on itself more vertically in the chamber, resulting in a void fill dunnage that stands up in the container but might not fill the sides of the container as well.

0071In yet another collection chamber <b>354</b> shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 20</figref>, relatively vertical axis rotating members <b>450</b> feed a strip of dunnage <b>452</b> from the dunnage converter <b>358</b> along a longitudinal direction or axis that is offset from a line or axis extending through the center of the collection chamber <b>354</b>. The collection chamber <b>354</b> is cylindrical and has a cylindrical passage therein for receiving the dunnage strip <b>452</b>. The strip of dunnage <b>452</b> is fed into the cylindrical collection chamber along an axis that is generally tangential to an inner curved surface of the collection chamber <b>354</b>. This encourages the dunnage strip <b>452</b> to spiral or coil more horizontally rather than vertically, as was the case in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 15</figref>, for example. Since the collection chamber <b>354</b> does not include the movable retainer <b>334</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref>, the dunnage <b>452</b> can go directly from the collection chamber <b>354</b> into a container <b>454</b> without waiting for the plunger <b>364</b> to push the dunnage into the container <b>454</b>. In this embodiment, note that the outlet <b>456</b> of the collection chamber <b>354</b> is spaced above the upright flaps <b>458</b> of the container <b>454</b>. As long as the outlet <b>456</b> is in proximity to the open side of the container <b>454</b> or the extent of the flaps, the dunnage strip will not escape therebetween. Different distances between the outlet and the void, combined with different properties in the dunnage strip, effect different characteristics in the dunnage strip as it is dispensed. Despite what is shown for purposes of illustration in the figures, the dunnage strip generally folds and curls back on itself in a random and not always precisely reproducible manner.

0072As shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 21</figref>, still another dunnage filling system <b>470</b> includes a dunnage dispenser similar to that shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref>, with a plurality of interchangeable collection chambers <b>474</b>, <b>476</b>, <b>478</b> and <b>480</b>. The collection chamber designed for a particular dunnage filling system generally has a cross-sectional area that approximates the area of the opening in the container. The cross-sectional shape of the collection chamber, however, does not have to be the same as the shape of the opening in the container. The collection chamber can have a cylindrical shape, for example, while most containers have a rectangular shape. This dunnage filling system <b>470</b> provides a way to improve the ability to automatically fill a wider variety of container sizes and shapes. Larger and smaller void volumes within containers having the same cross-sectional size and shape can be filled with an appropriate amount of dunnage by adjusting the length of the dunnage strip that is dispensed to respective void volumes.

0073Each collection chamber <b>474</b>, <b>476</b>, <b>478</b> and <b>480</b> has a different cross-sectional size or shape for use with a particular container and/or volume of dunnage to be dispensed. The plurality of collection chambers <b>474</b>, <b>476</b>, <b>478</b> and <b>480</b> are arranged on a carrousel <b>482</b> that positions a selected chamber for use. This dunnage filling system <b>470</b> also includes a void sensing device <b>484</b> for sensing a void volume in a container <b>486</b>, and a controller <b>490</b> in communication with the void sensing device <b>484</b> and the dispenser <b>472</b> to control the amount of dunnage to be dispensed into the container. The controller <b>490</b> can also selectively control the carrousel <b>482</b> to position a selected collection chamber for use based on information from the void sensing device <b>484</b>.

0074Thus the dunnage filling system provided by the present invention provides a number of ways to automatically dispense a strip of dunnage into a container to fill a void around one or more objects in the container, thereby minimizing or eliminating the efforts of a packer to guide or place the dunnage, as well as the requirement to have a packer to ensure that the voids are in fact filled. The packer is thereby freed to perform other tasks.

0075Although the invention has been shown and described with respect to a certain embodiment or embodiments, equivalent alterations and modifications will occur to others skilled in the art upon reading and understanding this specification and the annexed drawings. In particular regard to the various functions performed by the above described integers (components, assemblies, devices, compositions, etc.), the terms (including a reference to a “means”) used to describe such integers are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any integer that performs the specified function of the described integer (i.e., that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure that performs the function in the herein illustrated exemplary embodiment of the invention.