Method and apparatus for controlling heaters in a continuous ink jet print head

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

P-0001[0001] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for operating heaters of a print head in a continuous ink jet to provide a stream of ink droplets. In particular, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for generating a pulsetrain to operate the heaters of the print head to allow variation in pulse width and/or pulse period.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

P-0002[0002] Ink jet printing has become recognized as a prominent contender in the digitally controlled, electronic printing arena because of various advantages such as its non-impact, low noise characteristics and system simplicity. For these reasons, ink jet printers have achieved commercial success for home and office use and other areas.

P-0003[0003] Traditionally, color ink jet printing is accomplished by one of two technologies, referred to as drop-on-demand and continuous stream printing. Both technologies require independent ink supplies for each of the colors of ink provided. Ink is fed through channels formed in the print head. Each channel includes a nozzle from which droplets of ink are selectively extruded and deposited upon a medium. Each technology requires separate ink delivery systems for each ink color used in printing. Ordinarily, the three primary subtractive colors, i.e. cyan, yellow and magenta, are used because these colors can produce up to several million perceived color combinations.

P-0004[0004] In drop-on-demand ink jet printing, ink droplets are generated for impact upon a print medium using a pressurization actuator (thermal, piezoelectric, etc.). Selective activation of the actuator causes the formation and ejection of an ink droplet that crosses the space between the print head and the print medium and strikes the print medium. The formation of printed images is achieved by controlling the individual formation of ink droplets as the medium is moved relative to the print head.

P-0005[0005] In continuous stream or continuous ink jet printing, a pressurized ink source is used for producing a continuous stream of ink droplets. Conventional continuous ink jet printers utilize electrostatic charging devices that are placed close to the point where a filament of working fluid breaks into individual ink droplets. The ink droplets are electrically charged and then directed to an appropriate location by deflection electrodes having a large potential difference. When no print is desired, the ink droplets are deflected into an ink capturing mechanism (catcher, interceptor, gutter, etc.) and either recycled or discarded. When printing is desired, the ink droplets are not deflected and allowed to strike a recording medium. Alternatively, deflected ink droplets may be allowed to strike the recording medium, while non-deflected ink droplets are collected in the ink capturing mechanism. While such continuous ink jet printing devices are faster than drop on demand devices and produce higher quality printed images and graphics, the electrostatic deflection mechanism they employ is expensive to manufacture and relatively fragile during operation.

P-0006[0006] Recently, a novel continuous ink jet printer system has been developed which renders the above-described electrostatic charging devices unnecessary and provides improved control of droplet formation. The system is disclosed in the commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,079,821 in which periodic application of weak heat pulses to the ink stream by a heater causes the ink stream to break up into a plurality of droplets synchronous with the applied heat pulses and at a position spaced from the nozzle. The droplets are deflected by heat pulses from a heater in a nozzle bore. This is referred to as asymmetrical application of heat pulses. The heat pulses deflect ink drops between a “print” direction (onto a recording medium), and a “non-print” direction (back into a “catcher”).

P-0007[0007] While such continuous ink jet printers utilizing asymmetrical application of heat have demonstrated many proven advantages over conventional ink jet printers utilizing electrostatic charging tunnels, a cost effective and reliable method and apparatus for controlling the heaters of the ink jet printer is required to ensure proper operation of the ink jet printer. Otherwise, misdirection of the ink droplets may occur which will detriment the print quality.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

P-0008[0008] In view of the foregoing, an advantage of the present invention is in providing a cost effective and reliable method and apparatus for controlling the heaters of the ink jet printer.

P-0009[0009] Another advantage of the present invention is in providing such a method and apparatus that allows generation of a signal usable for controlling the heaters where the pulse width and/or pulse period of the signal pulses are readily adjustable.

P-0010[0010] In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the above noted advantages are attained by a method for generating an electrical signal with a plurality of pulses used to operate a continuous ink jet printer having plurality of nozzles, including the steps of generating a data table with a plurality of segment values, each segment value designating one of a high pulse and a low pulse of the electrical signal, and designating the pulse width of the designated pulse, reading a segment value from the data table, and generating at least one of a high pulse and a low pulse, the generated pulse and pulse width of the generated pulse being designated by the read segment value.

P-0011[0011] In one embodiment, the present method further includes the step of iteratively reading each of the plurality of segment values from the data table and the step of generating at least one of a high pulse and a low pulse after each segment value is read from the data table, the generated pulse and pulse width being designated by each of the iteratively read segment values. Because each of the segment values can be customized, pulse width of two consecutive high pulses or low pulses may be different from one another.

P-0012[0012] In another embodiment, the method further includes the step of loading a new plurality of segment values into the data table after the plurality of segment values are iteratively read from the data table. The method may further include the step of converting pulse width designated by each of the iteratively read segment values into time. In addition, the method may further include the step of iteratively designating which segment value is to be read.

P-0013[0013] In accordance with another embodiment of the present method, the plurality of segment values in the data table designate the high pulse and low pulse in alternating order. In addition, two segment values of the data table that designate two consecutive high or low pulses designate pulses having different pulse widths from one another. The low pulses may be used to delay the generation of the high pulses.

P-0014[0014] In yet another embodiment of the present method, the number of at least one of the high pulses and the low pulses in the data table is less than the maximum number of graytones of the continuous ink jet printer. The first segment value in the data table designates a high pulse or a low pulse which delays the generation of a first high pulse.

P-0015[0015] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the above noted advantages are attained by a control circuit for generating an electrical signal with a plurality of pulses used to operate a continuous ink jet printer having plurality of nozzles including a memory device adapted to store a data table with a plurality of segment values, each segment value designating one of a high pulse and a low pulse of the electrical signal, and designating the pulse width of the designated pulse, a counter for sequentially counting based on a segment value from the data table to thereby convert the pulse width designated by the segment value into time, and a synchronization device adapted to synchronize the memory device with the counter to allow loading of each of the plurality of segment values from the memory device to the counter.

P-0016[0016] In accordance with one embodiment, the counter provides a counter output to the synchronization logic and the synchronization logic outputs the electrical signal based on the counter output. In this regard, the synchronization logic may include a state machine and a read address generator that iteratively designates which segment value from the memory device is loaded to the counter by the synchronization device. In various embodiments of the control circuit, the memory device may be a random access memory and the counter may be a count down or a count up counter.

P-0017[0017] These and other advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention when viewed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

P-0018[0018]FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an asymmetric heat-type continuous ink jet printing apparatus capable of implementing the method of the present invention.

P-0019[0019]FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a nozzle provided on the print head.

P-0020[0020]FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of one configuration of a print head in accordance with one embodiment having a plurality of nozzles showing the circuitry of SIDE 1.

P-0021[0021]FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the ENABLE and HEAD_DATA signals which are combined to provided the HEATER_DATA in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

P-0022[0022]FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a generic ENABLE signal used to allow actuation of a nozzle in a print head.

P-0023[0023]FIG. 6 is a high level schematic diagram of the heater control circuit shown in FIG. 1.

P-0024[0024]FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the control circuit of FIG. 6.

P-0025[0025]FIG. 8 is a flow diagram in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention that may be used to operate the nozzles of the print head.

P-0026[0026]FIG. 9 is a modified embodiment of flow diagram of FIG. 8.

P-0027[0027]FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a generic ENABLE1 signal corresponding to that shown in FIG. 5 and an ENABLE2 signal which is delayed by a delay period “D”.

P-0028[0028]FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a generic ENABLE1 signal corresponding to that shown in FIG. 5 and an ENABLE2 signal, each pulse of the ENABLE2 signal being delayed by a specific delay period.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

P-0029[0029] As will be evident from the discussion below, the present invention provides an effective method for controlling the heaters of a print head in a continuous ink jet printer. In this regard, it should initially be noted that whereas the method as applied to a specific example is described, the present invention is not limited thereto but may be applied to other embodiments where the configuration of the printer, print head and/or heaters is different than that shown in the various figures.

P-0030[0030]FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an asymmetric heat-type continuous ink jet printer system <b>1</b> capable of implementing the method of the present invention. The printer system <b>1</b> includes an image source <b>10</b> such as a scanner or computer which provides raster image data, outline image data in the form of a page description language, or other forms of digital image data. This image data is processed by an image processing unit <b>12</b> which also stores the image data in a memory (not shown). In this regard, the image processing unit <b>12</b> may perform various image enhancing algorithms, color correction to match the output devices, etc. A heater control circuit <b>14</b> which is controlled in the present embodiment by the micro-controller <b>24</b> reads data from the image memory and applies electrical pulses to a heater <b>50</b> that applies heat to a nozzle that is part of a print head <b>16</b>. These pulses are applied at an appropriate time, and to the appropriate nozzle as described in further detail below, so that drops formed from a continuous ink jet stream will print spots on a recording medium <b>18</b> in the appropriate position designated by the data in the image memory and in the appropriate darkness or pixel graytone value.

P-0031[0031] Recording medium <b>18</b> is moved relative to print head <b>16</b> by a recording medium transport system <b>20</b> which is electronically controlled by a recording medium transport control system <b>22</b> which in turn, is controlled by a micro-controller <b>24</b>. The recording medium transport system is shown in FIG. 1 as a schematic only, and many different mechanical configurations are possible in various embodiments. For example, a transfer roller could be used as recording medium transport system <b>20</b> to facilitate transfer of the ink drops to recording medium <b>18</b>. Such transfer roller technology is well known in the art. In the case of page width print heads, it is most convenient to move recording medium <b>18</b> past a stationary print head. However, in the case of scanning print systems, it is usually most convenient to move the print head along one axis (the sub-scanning direction) and the recording medium along an orthogonal axis (the main scanning direction) in a relative raster motion.

P-0032[0032] Ink is preferably contained in an ink reservoir <b>28</b> under pressure. In the nonprinting state, continuous ink jet drop streams are unable to reach recording medium <b>18</b> due to an ink gutter <b>17</b> that blocks the ink jet drop stream and which may be operated to allow a portion of the ink to be recycled by an ink recycling unit <b>19</b>. The ink recycling unit <b>19</b> reconditions the ink and feeds it back to reservoir <b>28</b>. Such ink recycling units are well known in the art. The ink pressure suitable for optimal operation will depend on a number of factors, including geometry and thermal properties of the nozzles and thermal properties of the ink. A constant ink pressure can be achieved by applying pressure to ink reservoir <b>28</b> under the control of ink pressure regulator <b>26</b>.

P-0033[0033] The ink is distributed to the back surface of print head <b>16</b> by an ink channel device <b>30</b>. The ink preferably flows through slots and/or holes etched through a silicon substrate of print head <b>16</b> to its front surface where a plurality of nozzles and heaters are situated. Of course, with print head <b>16</b> fabricated from silicon, it is possible to integrate heater control circuits <b>14</b> with the print head. The mechanics of the generation and deflection of ink droplets of the ink stream is presented in U.S. Pat. No. 6,079,821 described previously and thus, further detail is omitted here. The print head <b>16</b> is controlled by the heater control circuits <b>14</b> which are operated by the micro-controller <b>24</b> in accordance with the present invention discussed below which provide an effective method for controlling the heaters of print head <b>16</b>.

P-0034[0034]FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of one nozzle <b>40</b> with a nozzle bore <b>46</b> provided on the print head <b>16</b> with a heater <b>50</b> substantially encircling the nozzle bore <b>46</b>. Of course, the print head <b>16</b> may be provided with a plurality of such nozzles and corresponding heaters as well. The heater <b>50</b> in the illustrated example has a pair of opposing semicircular elements covering almost all of the nozzle perimeter. In particular, the heater <b>50</b> has a first heater element <b>51</b><i>a </i>positioned on SIDE 1 in the present figure which is operable to deflect the ink droplets so that they impinge on the recording medium <b>18</b> or are captured by the gutter <b>17</b> shown in FIG. 1. The heater <b>50</b> further includes a second heater element <b>51</b><i>b </i>positioned on SIDE 2 which is operable by a deflection correcting electric pulse which may be used to prevent ink droplets generated after the end of a printing operation from erroneously striking the recording medium <b>18</b>.

P-0035[0035] Of course, in other embodiments, the heater elements may be of any appropriate shape and may have only one heater element which is operated by the control circuit <b>14</b> to generate and deflect the ink droplets. However, by providing a second heater element on an opposing side as shown in the present example, a deflection correcting electrical pulse may be provided to the second heater element to correct the deflection of the ink droplet at the end of the print operation to further minimize potential ink droplet misdirection. The details of such operation is provided in U.S. Pat. No. 6,254,225 to Chwalek et al. and need not be present herein.

P-0036[0036] As can be seen, the first and second heater elements <b>51</b><i>a </i>and <b>51</b><i>b </i>respectively are connected to a power source <b>54</b> and ground <b>55</b>, the power for the first heater element <b>51</b><i>a </i>and the second heater element <b>51</b><i>b </i>being turned on and off by driver transistors <b>56</b><i>a </i>and <b>56</b><i>b </i>respectively. The driver transistors <b>56</b><i>a </i>and <b>56</b><i>b </i>are engaged by a signal from AND gates <b>58</b><i>a </i>and <b>58</b><i>b </i>respectively, such signal being provided by each of the AND gates when the “ENABLE” and “LATCHED DATA” signals for the corresponding AND gate is received. When the driver transistors <b>56</b><i>a </i>or <b>56</b><i>b </i>are engaged, the respective heater element is activated to cause deflection of the ink droplet, again, the heater element <b>51</b><i>b </i>being timed by a deflection correcting electrical pulse. Again, in other embodiments, only SIDE 1 having the first heater element <b>51</b><i>a </i>may be provided which is operated by the control circuit <b>14</b> in the manner described below to generate and deflect the ink droplets.

P-0037[0037] Electrical pulses or pulsetrains from the control circuit <b>14</b> is provided to the first heater element <b>51</b><i>a </i>so that the asymmetric application of heat generated on SIDE 1 of the nozzle bore <b>46</b> to periodically deflect the ink droplet stream during a printing operation by the heater section <b>51</b><i>a. </i>Control circuit <b>14</b> may be programmed to supply power to the first heater element <b>51</b><i>a </i>of the heater <b>50</b> in the form of pulses described in detail below, deflection of an ink droplet occurring whenever an electrical power pulse by the AND gate <b>58</b><i>a </i>is provided. In one embodiment, the deflected ink droplets reach the recording medium <b>18</b> while the undeflected drops may be blocked from reaching recording medium <b>18</b> by a cut-off device such as the ink gutter <b>17</b> noted above. In an alternate printing scheme, ink gutter <b>17</b> may be placed to block deflected drops so that undeflected drops will be allowed to reach recording medium <b>18</b>.

P-0038[0038] The heater elements <b>51</b><i>a </i>and <b>51</b><i>b </i>of heater <b>50</b> may be made of doped polysilicon, although other resistive heater materials could be used. Heater <b>50</b> is separated from substrate <b>42</b> by thermal and electrical insulating layer (not shown) and the nozzle bore <b>46</b> may be etched. The surface of the print head <b>16</b> can be coated with a hydro-phobizing layer (not shown) to prevent accidental spread of the ink across the front of the print head <b>16</b>.

P-0039[0039] The operation of the first heater elements <b>5</b> la of the heater <b>50</b> on the print head <b>16</b> which are actuated to deflect the ink droplets is described herein below so that fuller appreciation of the operation of the second heater elements <b>51</b><i>b </i>in accordance with the present invention as discussed later may be attained. In this regard, FIG. 3 shows one example configuration of a print head <b>16</b> with plurality of nozzles <b>40</b> having the first heater elements <b>51</b><i>a </i>and second heater elements <b>51</b><i>b. </i>As can be appreciated, only representative elements have been enumerated to simplify the figure and the specific components and the signals received are referred to directly. In this regard, FIG. 3 shows the details of SIDE 1 which is operable to control the first heater elements <b>51</b><i>a </i>of the nozzles <b>40</b> to deflect the ink droplets so that they impinge on the recording medium <b>18</b> or are captured by the gutter <b>17</b> shown in FIG. 1. Moreover, as indicated in FIG. 3, the details of SIDE 2 which is operable to control the second heater elements <b>51</b><i>b </i>to prevent ink droplets generated after the end of a printing operation from erroneously striking the recording medium <b>18</b>, is substantially similar to the details of SIDE 1. However, it should be appreciated that SIDE 2 may be operated in a manner similar to SIDE 1.

P-0040[0040] To control the large number of heaters, the ink jet print head <b>16</b> further includes plurality of electronic serial shift registers <b>60</b><i>a </i>on SIDE 1 and serial shift registers on SIDE 2 (not shown), in this case, M serial shift registers per side, to minimize the number of electrical connections between the heater control circuit <b>14</b> and the print head <b>16</b>. Each serial shift register may be 1-bit wide by N-bits long as shown in FIG. 3. Thus, N×M is the total number of heaters per side (SIDE 1 and SIDE 2) in the print head <b>16</b>. In this regard, in FIG. 3, S1 and S2 prefixes are used for the various signals to indicate SIDE 1 or SIDE 2 respectively but is generally omitted since both of these sides are provided with similar signals and only SIDE 1 is discussed in detail relative to FIG. 3. In addition, the signals are also designated with suffixes 1 or 2 if it aids in clarifying the particular signal in FIG. 3.

P-0041[0041] The SHIFT_CLOCK signal is used to move the digital data value of 1 or 0 present at the HEAD_DATA1 and HEAD_DATA2 signals through the SHIFT REGISTER 1 and SHIFT REGISTER 2 respectively. One bit of data is shifted for each clock pulse per shift register. The serial shift registers are analogous to a bucket brigade, where the contents of a register location (for instance at P) is moved into a subsequent register location (P+1) on the rising edge or other portion of the clock signal. The contents of register location (P−1) is moved into location (P) on this same clock signal. Thus, to fill all N locations of SHIFT REGISTER 1 and SHIFT REGISTER 2 with new data from the HEAD_DATA1 and HEAD_DATA2 signal requires N clock periods in the illustrated embodiment.

P-0042[0042] In addition to the serial shift registers shown in FIG. 3, the print head <b>16</b> contains a separate set of latch registers <b>70</b><i>a</i>, and as shown, each of the bits in the serial shift registers having an associated latch register <b>70</b><i>a</i>. Therefore, in the illustrated embodiment, there are N×M latch registers <b>70</b><i>a</i>. The operation of the latch registers <b>70</b><i>a </i>is controlled by the LATCH signal. During normal operation of the print head <b>16</b>, the latch registers <b>70</b><i>a </i>hold a set of constant data values for the first heater elements <b>51</b><i>a </i>while a new set of data is being clocked into the serial shift registers <b>60</b><i>a</i>. When the serial shift registers <b>60</b><i>a </i>have been filled with N new data values, the LATCH signal pulses high. The high pulse on the LATCH signal transfers the contents of all M serial shift registers <b>60</b><i>a </i>into their associated latch registers <b>70</b><i>a</i>. The contents of the latch registers <b>70</b><i>a </i>and their associated outputs remain constant until the next LATCH pulse occurs.

P-0043[0043] As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the output of each latch register <b>70</b><i>a </i>is connected to an associated digital AND gate <b>58</b><i>a </i>which was described above relative to FIG. 2. The output of each AND gate <b>58</b><i>a </i>is connected to an associated driver transistor <b>56</b><i>a </i>also described above which is used to apply power to the first heater element <b>51</b><i>a </i>associated with each nozzle <b>40</b>. The driver transistor <b>56</b><i>a</i>, for example, could be an open collector NPN transistor or an open drain N-channel power MOSFET device as shown in FIG. 2, which acts as a simple electrically controlled ON/OFF switch for the first heater element <b>51</b><i>a. </i>

P-0044[0044] A second signal, generically referred to as ENABLEx, and in the present example, the ENABLE1 and ENABLE2 signal, is connected in common to the AND gates <b>58</b><i>a </i>within each heater group. In this regard, in simple print head configurations, there may be just one heater group where all heaters are connected to one ENABLE signal for the whole print head. In other configurations, especially for larger nozzle count such as the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the print head <b>16</b> may be divided into several heater groups, each group having its own ENABLEx signal such as the ENABLE1 and ENABLE2 signals shown for the present illustrated example. One reason why the heaters are divided into heater groups is to minimize power supply requirements since each heater group can be selectively energized in succession. This would avoid the need to energize all the heaters on the print head at the same time which would increase power supply requirements.

P-0045[0045] Thus, as previously described, for an individual first heater element <b>51</b><i>a </i>to be energized to heat one side of the nozzle <b>40</b>, two conditions must be true in the present embodiment:

P-0046[0046] (1) The contents of the associated latch register must be a digital 1; and

P-0047[0047] (2) The ENABLEx signal for the heater group that the first heater element is part of must be a digital 1.

P-0048[0048] When both signals to the AND gate <b>58</b><i>a </i>are digital 1, the output of the AND gate <b>58</b><i>a </i>is a digital 1 so that the associated driver transistor <b>56</b><i>a </i>is turned ON and power is applied to the first heater element <b>51</b><i>a. </i>In accordance with the illustrated embodiment, the ENABLEx signal defines the ON time for any first heater element <b>51</b><i>a, </i>and the output of the associated latch register <b>70</b><i>a </i>controls whether a heater is ON or OFF during a particular printing operation so that the appropriate graytone level L of the continuous G graytones can be attained. In this regard, it should be noted that the maximum number of graytones is referred to herein as G graytones whereas the actual graytone level of a given particular pixel is referred to herein as graytone level L. Thus, in the examples discussed herein below, maximum of 8 graytones are possible (G=8), the graytone levels L being 0, 1, 2 . . . 6, 7. It should be noted that <b>0</b> is considered as one of the graytone levels since it represents minimum print density (i.e. no ink) and graytone level 7 is the darkest graytone level. Of course, in other examples, different number of graytone levels are possible as well.

P-0049[0049]FIG. 4 shows an example of an electrical pulse train provided to the first heater elements <b>51</b><i>a </i>on SIDE 1 of one of the nozzles <b>40</b> of the continuous tone ink jet printer system <b>1</b> capable of printing pixels having up to the maximum G graytones, present embodiment showing a pulse train which will print a pixel with a graytone level of 3. As can be seen by viewing FIGS. 3 and 4 together, FIG. 4 illustrates the ENABLE signals provided to the AND gates <b>58</b><i>a</i>, and HEAD_DATA signals which are provide to the shift registers <b>60</b><i>a</i>, the HEAD_DATA being correlated to the image data value which is indicative of the graytone level L of the image to be printed.

P-0050[0050] The ENABLE signal is pulsed G-1 times, the ENABLE signal not being pulsed when graytone level is 0 which signifies the minimum density when no printing occurs. In the illustrated example of FIG. 4, the HEAD_DATA that is to be shifted in to the shift register <b>60</b><i>a </i>for a particular first heater element <b>51</b><i>a </i>consists of three digital values of 1 and the remainder being 0. When the shifted HEAD_DATA is a digital 1, the first heater element <b>51</b><i>a </i>is pulsed ON for the time duration which is controlled by the ENABLE signal for that particular graytone level. When the shifted HEAD_DATA is a digital 0, the heater is OFF regardless the state of the ENABLE signal. Therefore, the ENABLE signal establishes the maximum number of times any first heater element <b>51</b><i>a </i>can be pulsed ON, which in the present embodiment, is the maximum graytone level L that can be printed. The HEAD_DATA shifted into the serial shift register <b>60</b><i>a </i>controls the number of times a particular heater will be pulsed ON to produce the desired graytone level in the printed image. Thus, in this example, since the HEAD_DATA signal is provided for graytone levels 1, 2, and 3, the corresponding first heater element <b>51</b><i>a </i>is actuated by the HEATER_DATA pulse train as shown which is provided by the corresponding AND gate <b>58</b><i>a </i>and is derived from the ENABLE signal and the HEAD_DATA signal.

P-0051[0051] Stated in another manner, whereas the ENABLE signal establishes the timing of the operation of the first heater element <b>51</b><i>a </i>up to its maximum graytone level, the HEAD_DATA signal determines the actual number of the operation of the first heater element <b>51</b><i>a </i>since it is correlated to the image data value. Correspondingly, both of these signals are used to generate the HEATER_DATA pulse train as shown which is used to actuate the first heater element <b>51</b><i>a </i>to deflect the continuous ink jet droplets.

P-0052[0052] The HEAD_DATA signal may be generated in any appropriate manner to practice the present invention as described above. Thus, the details of generating the HEAD_DATA signal is omitted herein. However, one method of generating the HEAD_DATA signal for both the first heater element <b>51</b><i>a </i>and second heater element <b>51</b><i>b </i>are discussed in detail in application entitled METHOD OF CONTROLLING HEATERS IN A CONTINUOUS INK JET PRINT HEAD HAVING SEGMENTED HEATERS TO PREVENT TERMINAL INK DROP MISDIRECTION (Docket 81913) commonly assigned to the assignee of the present application, which is incorporated herein by reference.

P-0053[0053] A generic form of the ENABLE signal waveform/pulsetrain <b>80</b> which is used in the manner above described is shown in FIG. 5, only four sample pulses being provided in the pulsetrain <b>80</b>. In this regard, the present method provides a simple method for generating the ENABLE signal having a variable pulse width and/or variable pulse period waveform for use in controlling the heaters <b>51</b><i>a </i>of inkjet print head <b>16</b>, the method being implemented preferably via the control circuits <b>14</b> as detailed below. Of course, in other embodiments, the present method may be implemented by the micro-controller <b>24</b> or directly on the print head <b>16</b> itself.

P-0054[0054] Referring again to FIG. 5, it should be noted that:

P-0055[0055] P Pulse period=H+L

P-0056[0056] H=High Pulse Width

P-0057[0057] L=Low Pulse Width

P-0058[0058] It should also be noted that the numeral following the pulse indicator signifies the graytone level to which the generated pulse corresponds, the numeral generically being referred to herein as “x”. Thus, P1 refers to the pulse period corresponding to graytone level 1 whereas Px refers to pulse period in general.

P-0059[0059] In accordance with the present invention, Hx and Lx can take on any values thereby providing variable pulse width and/or variable pulse period so that the pulsetrain <b>80</b> can be totally customized to the particular application and/or print head. Thus, the present invention provides a method for generating the ENABLE signal where each pulse corresponding to each gray level can be adjusted independently and dynamically from one another.

P-0060[0060] As shown in FIG. 5, the ENABLE signal represented by the pulsetrain <b>80</b> can be divided into pairs of HIGH and LOW pulse width segments Hx and Lx, respectively. Each pair of pulse width segments forms one of the discrete variable time periods for graytone level 1 to graytone level G-1 of a G graytone level printing system.

P-0061[0061] The HIGH pulse width segment of each pulse period is the “ON” time of the heater for that particular gray level and may be a digital 1 signal. In other words, the HIGH pulse width segment may be the power pulse utilized to operate a designated heater. In the present example, the pulsetrain <b>80</b> is the ENABLE signal provided to an AND gate <b>58</b><i>a </i>such that when the HIGH pulse width is provided, the corresponding first heater element <b>51</b><i>a </i>is operated when the HEAD_DATA signal is also provided to the AND gate <b>58</b><i>a</i>. Of course, in other embodiments, the heater element may be operated directly by the ENABLE signal itself.

P-0062[0062] In accordance with the example of the present method, the ENABLE signal, i.e. the pulsetrain <b>80</b>, may be represented in a tabular form in an ENABLE Table having the segment values as listed in Table 1 below. As can be seen, the ENABLE Table designate the high pulse and low pulse in alternating order in the illustrated example. Of course, the actual segment values would be numerically represented instead of the descriptors which are shown below for clarity. The actual numerical values may be calculated in various manners, one of which is further detailed below. <tables id="TABLE-US-00001" num="1"><table frame="none" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="1"><colspec colname="1" colwidth="217PT" align="center" /><thead><row><entry namest="1" nameend="1" align="center">TABLE 1</entry></row><row><entry /></row><row><entry namest="1" nameend="1" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry>HIGH segment pulse width 1</entry></row><row><entry>LOW segment pulse width 1</entry></row><row><entry>HIGH segment pulse width 2</entry></row><row><entry>LOW segment pulse width 2</entry></row><row><entry>HIGH segment pulse width 3</entry></row><row><entry>LOW segment pulse width 3</entry></row><row><entry>—</entry></row><row><entry>HIGH segment pulse width L</entry></row><row><entry>LOW segment pulse width L</entry></row><row><entry namest="1" nameend="1" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

P-0063[0063]FIG. 6 shows a high level block diagram of the heater control circuit <b>14</b> shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with one embodiment which may be used to implement the method of the present invention. However, as previously noted, the present method may be implemented via the micro-controller <b>24</b> or directly on the print head <b>16</b> itself.

P-0064[0064] The control circuit <b>14</b> is designed to convert the values of TABLE 1 in the ENABLE Table <b>89</b>, into the appropriate ENABLE signal pulsetrain which is used to allow actuation of a designated heater element in the manner previously described. As can be seen, the control circuit includes memory <b>86</b> where the ENABLE Table <b>89</b> and the contents thereof are stored, a counter <b>87</b> which converts the information in the ENABLE Table into time by counting for the pulse width designated by the segment values of the ENABLE Table, and a synchronization logic <b>88</b> that controls the memory <b>86</b> and the counter <b>87</b> to allow loading of each of the plurality of segment values from the memory device <b>86</b> to the counter <b>87</b>. In the present embodiment, the synchronization logic <b>88</b> also generates the ENABLE signal pulsetrain generically shown in FIG. 5 as its output based on the output of the counter <b>87</b>.

P-0065[0065] One embodiment for implementing the control circuit <b>14</b> of FIG. 6 is shown in detail in FIG. 7. In the illustrated embodiment, the memory <b>86</b> is implemented using random access memory (RAM) <b>92</b>, while the counter <b>87</b> is implemented using a Loadable Count Down Counter <b>94</b>. The synchronization logic <b>88</b> is implemented using various subcomponents including the RAM Read Address Generator <b>96</b> that iteratively designates which segment value is loaded to the Count Down Counter <b>94</b> from the RAM <b>92</b> by the State Machine <b>98</b>. It is noted that in the present embodiment, the RAM Read Address Generator <b>96</b> is a count-up counter generally known in the control logic art. In addition, it is further noted that state machines such as the State Machine <b>98</b> utilized in the present embodiment are also commonly used in designing control logic. Therefore, the details of these components are omitted herein.

P-0066[0066] These components of the control circuit <b>14</b> are utilized to execute a sequence of operations over time, based on the ENABLE Table <b>89</b> and various inputs to generate the desired pulsetrain to thereby allow actuation of the heater elements as described. Of course, it should be noted that FIG. 7 shows only one specific implementation of the control circuit <b>14</b> shown in FIG. 6 and there are many other ways that one can implement the control circuit <b>14</b> using different electrical components. For instance, a count-up counter may be used instead of the count down counter <b>94</b> and the synchronization logic <b>88</b> can be implemented by other devices or methods instead of the method using the state machine <b>98</b> shown in FIG. 7.

P-0067[0067] The sequence of operations for the circuitry of FIG. 7 in accordance with one embodiment is shown by the flow diagram <b>100</b> of FIG. 8. Initially, the ENABLE signal is in a reset/deasserted state as shown in step <b>102</b>. At initialization, the ENABLE Table which in the present example, has the values of TABLE 1, is downloaded into RAM <b>92</b> in step <b>103</b>. The State Machine <b>98</b> then pulses a Read_Address_Reset signal to the RAM Read Address Generator <b>96</b> so that it initializes its outputs to point to the beginning address of the ENABLE Table as shown in step <b>104</b>. When a print job is started in step <b>105</b>, the State Machine <b>98</b> first asserts the RAM_Read signal to the RAM <b>92</b> which causes the RAM <b>92</b> to place the first digital value of the table onto Counter_Data thereby reading and loading the ENABLE Table value as shown in steps <b>106</b> and <b>107</b> respectively. The State Machine <b>98</b> also asserts the Counter_Load signal to the Count Down Counter <b>94</b> at this time. In addition, upon receiving the Counter_Load signal, the Count Down Counter <b>94</b> latches Counter_Data into an internal register. The value in Counter_Data is used as the starting value where the Count Down Counter <b>94</b> starts counting down in step <b>108</b>. The State Machine <b>98</b> then deasserts the Counter_Load and RAM_Read signals, and asserts the ENABLE signal as its output.

P-0068[0068] Since the first digital value of the ENABLE Table of the present example having the values of TABLE 1 contains the pulse width of the first HIGH pulse width segment, the ENABLE signal provided as the output of the State Machine <b>98</b> will be asserted to a digital value of 1. As soon as the Counter_Load signal is deasserted, the Count Down Counter <b>94</b> counts down in step <b>108</b>, and the State Machine <b>98</b> toggles the ENABLE signal to an opposite polarity in step <b>110</b>. It should be noted here that step <b>110</b> is the first instance of toggling from the Reset state of 0 to a 1. The toggled value remains at 1 until after the Count Down Counter <b>94</b> completes step <b>111</b> and loops back to step <b>106</b> discussed above.

P-0069[0069] While the Count Down Counter <b>94</b> is counting, the State Machine <b>98</b> pulses the Read_Address_Clock so that the output of the RAM Read Address Generator <b>96</b> is incremented to point to the address of the next value in the ENABLE Table <b>89</b> to ready for the next read in step <b>109</b>. When the State Machine <b>98</b> determines that the output of the Count Down Counter <b>94</b> is zero as shown in step <b>111</b>, the State Machine <b>98</b> then starts loading in the next ENABLE Table value shown in TABLE <b>1</b> into the Count Down Counter <b>94</b> and the same sequence of events will be repeated until the last table value of the ENABLE Table is read and loaded into the Count Down Counter <b>94</b> as shown in step <b>112</b>. Then the whole process starts again for the next pixel to be printed by the nozzle <b>40</b> of the print head <b>16</b>. Of course, it should be understood that the above described method is merely one example and the present invention should not be construed to be limited thereto.

P-0070[0070] Thus, based on the discussion above, it should be evident that the present invention provides a method for generating an electrical signal such as the ENABLE signal with a plurality of pulses used to operate a continuous ink jet printer with a plurality of nozzles. As can now be appreciated, the method includes the steps of generating a data table such as the ENABLE Table described above with a plurality of segment values, each segment value designating one of a high pulse and a low pulse of the electrical signal, and designating the pulse width of the designated pulse, reading a segment value from the data table, and generating at least one of a high pulse and a low pulse, the generated pulse and pulse width of the generated pulse being designated by the read segment value.

P-0071[0071] In the embodiment specifically shown in FIGS. 6, 7, and <b>8</b> the present method further includes the step of iteratively reading each of the plurality of segment values from the data table and the step of generating at least one of a high pulse and a low pulse after each segment value is read from the data table, the generated pulse and pulse width being designated by each of the iteratively read segment values. Because each of the segment values can be customized, pulse width of two consecutive high pulses or low pulses may be different from one another as shown in the ENABLE signal of FIG. 5.

P-0072[0072] Of course, the present method also provides a significant advantage in that new segment values may be readily loaded into the ENABLE Table so that a different ENABLE signal with different high pulses and low pulses can be readily generated. This provides a cost effective method for adjusting the pulse width and/or pulse period of the signal pulses. Moreover, as also previously described, the method in the described embodiment further includes the step of using the count down counter <b>94</b> to convert pulse width designated by each of the iteratively read segment values into time while the RAM Read Address Generator <b>96</b> is used to iteratively designate which segment value is to be read.

P-0073[0073] The actual digital values stored in the ENABLE Table for each segment pulse width which correspond to those shown in TABLE 1 may be calculated using the following formula: <maths id="MATH-US-00001" num="1"><math overflow="scroll"><mrow><munder><mrow><mrow><mi>Digital</mi><mo></mo><mstyle><mtext> </mtext></mstyle><mo></mo><mi>Segment</mi><mo></mo><mstyle><mtext> </mtext></mstyle><mo></mo><mi>Value</mi></mrow><mo></mo><mstyle><mtext> </mtext></mstyle></mrow><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>unit</mi><mo></mo><mstyle><mtext> </mtext></mstyle><mo></mo><mi>of</mi><mo></mo><mstyle><mtext> </mtext></mstyle><mo></mo><mi>Clock</mi><mo></mo><mstyle><mtext> </mtext></mstyle><mo></mo><mi>Cycle</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo></mo><mstyle><mtext> </mtext></mstyle></mrow></munder><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mrow><mi>Segment</mi><mo></mo><mstyle><mtext> </mtext></mstyle><mo></mo><mi>Pulse</mi><mo></mo><mstyle><mtext> </mtext></mstyle><mo></mo><mi>Width</mi></mrow><mo>-</mo><mrow><mi>Control</mi><mo></mo><mstyle><mtext> </mtext></mstyle><mo></mo><mi>Logic</mi><mo></mo><mstyle><mtext> </mtext></mstyle><mo></mo><mi>Overhead</mi></mrow></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>Count</mi><mo></mo><mstyle><mtext> </mtext></mstyle><mo></mo><mi>Down</mi><mo></mo><mstyle><mtext> </mtext></mstyle><mo></mo><mi>Counter</mi><mo></mo><mstyle><mtext> </mtext></mstyle><mo></mo><mi>Clock</mi><mo></mo><mstyle><mtext> </mtext></mstyle><mo></mo><mi>Period</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow></math><img file="US20030193537A1-20031016-M00001.TIF" id="EMI-M00001" he="36.0045" wi="216.027" img-format="tif" img-content="mf" /><attachments><attachment idref="MATHEMATICA-00001" attachment-type="nb" file="US20030193537A1-20031016-M00001.NB" /></attachments></maths>

P-0074[0074] where all units are in time except for the result which is in Counter Clock Cycle.

P-0075[0075] The clock frequency of the Count Down Counter <b>94</b> dictates the resolution of the ENABLE signal output by the State Machine <b>98</b>. Therefore, if higher resolution is desired, a higher clock frequency is required for the Count Down Counter <b>94</b>. From the above equation, the minimum segment pulse width for the operational steps shown in FIG. 8 is bounded by the Control Logic Overhead, such overhead being generally known in the control logic arts and in this example, comprising the logical loop defined by steps <b>112</b>, <b>106</b>, and <b>107</b>, the discussion of which is omitted here. In general, the Control Logic Overhead is very small compared to the segment pulse width so it is not a significant problem. However, if the Control Logic Overhead is significant, there are various ways to reduce or eliminate the overhead, for instance, by rearrange the operations shown in FIG. 8 to the one as shown in FIG. 9.

P-0076[0076] As can be seen, the flow diagram <b>200</b> shown in FIG. 9 is similar to that shown in FIG. 8 with respect to steps <b>202</b> to <b>211</b> which are numbered correspondingly in the two hundreds, discussion of these steps being omitted to avoid repetition. As can be seen, additional steps are provided in this embodiment to allow for all pulse segments with one polarity to have as small pulse width as one clock period of the Count Down Counter <b>94</b>. Thus, all the Control Logic Overhead is shifted to the segments with the other polarity. In particular, when the State Machine <b>98</b> determines that the output of the Count Down Counter <b>94</b> is zero as shown in step <b>211</b>, the ENABLE signal is toggled as shown in step <b>212</b>. If the last table value of the ENABLE Table is read and loaded into the Count Down Counter <b>94</b>, the same sequence is repeated as shown in step <b>213</b>. Otherwise, another ENABLE Table value is read and loaded to the Count Down Counter <b>94</b> as shown in steps <b>214</b> and <b>215</b> respectively. Then, the Count Down Counter <b>94</b> is started while the RAM Read_Address is incremented to point to the next table value as shown in steps <b>216</b> and <b>217</b> respectively. If the Count Down Counter <b>94</b> has counted down to zero in step <b>218</b>, the process is resumed at step <b>206</b>.

P-0077[0077] Of course, the above described method is merely one example which can be used to eliminate the effect of Control Logic Overhead and the present invention is not limited thereto. Another method for eliminating the Control Logic Overhead is to add an additional Count Down Counter (not shown) so that while one counter counts the HIGH pulse width segment, the other counter counts the LOW pulse width segment, thus, eliminating the need to wait for reading and loading the next value.

P-0078[0078] In accordance with the present invention, very specific customizable pulsetrain such as the ENABLE signal, may be generated to control the continuous ink jet print head by using an ENABLE Table coupled with a counter and synchronization logic in the manner described above. One significant advantage of the invention is that it allows for dynamic ENABLE signal generation since the segment values in the ENABLE Table can be changed at any given time by downloading new segment values to the ENABLE Table.

P-0079[0079] Still another advantage is that the method in accordance with present invention can be readily used to generate delayed version of the ENABLE signal where multiple ENABLE signals is required due to the configuration of the print head, for instance, as shown in FIG. 3 where two ENABLE signals are required due to the grouping of the nozzles. The grouping of the nozzles may necessitate a second ENABLE signal which may be attained by providing a delayed signal such as an ENABLE(x+1) signal that is a fixed delayed version of the ENABLEx signal so as to avoid turning on all heaters elements of the plurality of nozzles at the same time.

P-0080[0080]FIG. 10 shows such an example where ENABLE2 signal is a delayed version of ENABLE1 signal, the delay being indicated by “D” that represents a LOW segment pulse width. In such an embodiment, two ENABLE Tables would be used, each corresponding to generate the illustrated ENABLE1 signal and ENABLE2 signal, respectively. In the illustrated example, the ENABLE1 Table containing the segment values of Table 1 shown previously. The segment values of the ENABLE2 Table is shown in Table 2 having pairs of Low and High pulse width segments. The delay is attained by the shown ENABLE2 Table by first designating the generation of a low pulse which delays the generation of a first high pulse. Again, the actual segment values would be numerically represented instead of the descriptors which are shown below for clarity. <tables id="TABLE-US-00002" num="2"><table frame="none" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="1"><colspec colname="1" colwidth="217PT" align="center" /><thead><row><entry namest="1" nameend="1" align="center">TABLE 2</entry></row><row><entry /></row><row><entry namest="1" nameend="1" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry>LOW segment pulse width (delay) = D</entry></row><row><entry>HIGH segment pulse width 1 = H1</entry></row><row><entry>LOW segment pulse width 1 = L1</entry></row><row><entry>HIGH segment pulse width 2 = H2</entry></row><row><entry>LOW segment pulse width 2 = L2</entry></row><row><entry>HIGH segment pulse width 3 = H3</entry></row><row><entry>LOW segment pulse width 3 = L3</entry></row><row><entry>—</entry></row><row><entry>HIGH segment pulse width L</entry></row><row><entry namest="1" nameend="1" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

P-0081[0081] As can be appreciated from reviewing TABLE <b>2</b> together with FIG. 10, the ENABLE(x+1) signal is identical to the ENABLEx signal from which it is derived except that it is delayed. No other variation in pulse width and/or pulse period is possible by mere delay of an ENABLE signal pulse train.

P-0082[0082] However, as described previously above, the method in accordance with the present invention goes a step further in that the method allows variation in pulse width and/or pulse period so that a delay may be programmed between each of the ENABLE signals. In this regard, the delay between the two ENABLE signals can be different for each graytone level in an G graytone level printing system as shown in FIG. 11. In the manner described above relative to FIG. 10, two ENABLE signals are shown in FIG. 11, ENABLE1 signal having segment values tabulated in TABLE 3 below and ENABLE2 signal having segment values tabulated in TABLE 4 below.

P-0083[0083] As can be seen by comparing the two ENABLE signals in FIG. 11, it should be clear that not only a delay incorporated in the pulse train of ENABLE2 signal, each of the pulses have a unique delay associated thereto. The variations in the delay is clearly indicated by the different subscript suffixes assigned to each of the delay “D” shown. Moreover, as a result of the variations in each of the pulses of the pulsetrain, the LOW segment pulse width is also varied accordingly. Thus, this invention provides a very flexible way of positioning the pulses of the ENABLE signal pulsetrain in a multiple ENABLE signal print head and allows variation in pulse width and/or pulse period. As noted previously, the actual segment values would be numerically represented instead of the descriptors which are shown below for clarity. <tables id="TABLE-US-00003" num="3"><table frame="none" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="1"><colspec colname="1" colwidth="217PT" align="center" /><thead><row><entry namest="1" nameend="1" align="center">TABLE 3</entry></row><row><entry /></row><row><entry namest="1" nameend="1" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row><row><entry>ENABLE 1</entry></row><row><entry namest="1" nameend="1" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry>HIGH segment pulse width 1 = H1</entry></row><row><entry>LOW segment pulse width 1 = L_1,1</entry></row><row><entry>HIGH segment pulse width 2 = H2</entry></row><row><entry>LOW segment pulse width 2 = L_1,2</entry></row><row><entry>HIGH segment pulse width 3 = H3</entry></row><row><entry>LOW segment pulse width 3 = L_1,3</entry></row><row><entry>—</entry></row><row><entry>HIGH segment pulse width L = HL</entry></row><row><entry>LOW segment pulse width L = L_1,L</entry></row><row><entry namest="1" nameend="1" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

P-0084[0084]<tables id="TABLE-US-00004" num="4"><table frame="none" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="1"><colspec colname="1" colwidth="217PT" align="center" /><thead><row><entry namest="1" nameend="1" align="center">TABLE 4</entry></row><row><entry /></row><row><entry namest="1" nameend="1" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row><row><entry>ENABLE 2</entry></row><row><entry namest="1" nameend="1" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry>LOW segment pulse width = D1</entry></row><row><entry>HIGH segment pulse width 1 = H1</entry></row><row><entry>LOW segment pulse width 1 = L_2,1</entry></row><row><entry>HIGH segment pulse width 2 = H2</entry></row><row><entry>LOW segment pulse width 2 = L_2,2</entry></row><row><entry>HIGH segment pulse width 3 = H3</entry></row><row><entry>—</entry></row><row><entry>LOW segment pulse width (L-1) = L_2,L-1</entry></row><row><entry>HIGH segment pulse width L = HL</entry></row><row><entry namest="1" nameend="1" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

P-0085[0085] As can be seen from the above tables and FIG. 11, two segment values of the data table that designate two consecutive high or low pulses designate pulses have different pulse widths from one another. Correspondingly, the low pulses may be used to delay the generation of the high pulses. Therefore, in view of the above teachings, it should now be evident how the present invention provides a simple method for generating the ENABLE signal having a variable pulse width and/or variable pulse period waveform for use in controlling the heaters of an inkjet print head. It should also be apparent that by utilizing an ENABLE Table with segment values, the present invention allows simple modification of the generated pulsetrain.

P-0086[0086] While various embodiments in accordance with the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood that the invention is not limited thereto. The present invention may be changed, modified and further applied by those skilled in the art. Therefore, this invention is not limited to the detail shown and described previously, but also includes all such changes and modifications.

Parts List

P-0087[0087]<b>1</b> continuous ink jet printer system

P-0088[0088]<b>10</b> image source

P-0089[0089]<b>12</b> image processing unit

P-0090[0090]<b>14</b> heater control circuit

P-0091[0091]<b>16</b> print head

P-0092[0092]<b>17</b> ink gutter

P-0093[0093]<b>18</b> recording medium

P-0094[0094]<b>19</b> ink recycling unit

P-0095[0095]<b>20</b> recording medium transport system

P-0096[0096]<b>22</b> recording medium transport control system

P-0097[0097]<b>24</b> micro-controller

P-0098[0098]<b>26</b> ink pressure regulator

P-0099[0099]<b>28</b> ink reservoir

P-0100[0100]<b>30</b> ink channel device

P-0101[0101]<b>40</b> nozzle

P-0102[0102]<b>42</b> substrate

P-0103[0103]<b>46</b> nozzle bore

P-0104[0104]<b>50</b> heater

P-0105[0105]<b>51</b><i>a </i>first heater element

P-0106[0106]<b>51</b><i>b </i>second heater element

P-0107[0107]<b>54</b> power source

P-0108[0108]<b>55</b> ground

P-0109[0109]<b>56</b><i>a </i>driver transistor

P-0110[0110]<b>56</b><i>b </i>driver transistor

P-0111[0111]<b>58</b><i>a </i>AND gate

P-0112[0112]<b>58</b><i>b </i>AND gate

P-0113[0113]<b>60</b><i>a </i>shift register

P-0114[0114]<b>70</b><i>a </i>latch registers

P-0115[0115]<b>80</b> pulsetrain

P-0116[0116]<b>86</b> memory

P-0117[0117]<b>87</b> counter

P-0118[0118]<b>88</b> synchronization logic

P-0119[0119]<b>89</b> ENABLE Table

P-0120[0120]<b>92</b> random access memory (RAM)

P-0121[0121]<b>94</b> count down counter

P-0122[0122]<b>96</b> RAM read address generator

P-0123[0123]<b>98</b> state machine

P-0124[0124]<b>100</b> flow diagram

P-0125[0125]<b>102</b> step

P-0126[0126]<b>103</b> step

P-0127[0127]<b>104</b> step

P-0128[0128]<b>105</b> step

P-0129[0129]<b>106</b> step

P-0130[0130]<b>107</b> step

P-0131[0131]<b>108</b> step

P-0132[0132]<b>109</b> step

P-0133[0133]<b>110</b> step

P-0134[0134]<b>111</b> step

P-0135[0135]<b>112</b> step

P-0136[0136]<b>200</b> flow diagram

P-0137[0137]<b>202</b> step

P-0138[0138]<b>203</b> step

P-0139[0139]<b>204</b> step

P-0140[0140]<b>205</b> step

P-0141[0141]<b>206</b> step

P-0142[0142]<b>207</b> step

P-0143[0143]<b>208</b> step

P-0144[0144]<b>209</b> step

P-0145[0145]<b>210</b> step

P-0146[0146]<b>211</b> step

P-0147[0147]<b>212</b> step

P-0148[0148]<b>213</b> step

P-0149[0149]<b>214</b> step

P-0150[0150]<b>215</b> step

P-0151[0151]<b>216</b> step

P-0152[0152]<b>217</b> step

P-0153[0153]<b>218</b> step