Rechargeable battery having charging indicating means

BACKGROUND

P-0001[0001] 1. Technical Field

P-0002[0002] This invention relates generally to rechargeable batteries, and more particularly to rechargeable batteries having charging indicating means to be sensed by a sensing means of an electronic device or charger.

P-0003[0003] 2. Background Art

P-0004[0004] Portable, battery-operated, electronic devices seem to be everywhere. From handheld games, to compact disc players, to radios, to personal data assistants, to phones, to pagers, it is becoming rare to encounter a person who does not carry at least one portable electronic device with them all the time. People carry the devices for entertainment, for organizational purposes, and for staying connected with others.

P-0005[0005] It is the battery of the device that provides portability. In the days before batteries, the user of an electronic device had to remain tethered to an electrical outlet by way of a wire and power supply. With the advent of batteries, however, portability was born. The most popular batteries in use to day are the so-called “primary”, or single-use, batteries made by companies including Eveready, Duracell and Energizer. These batteries, usually of alkaline chemistry, are readily available in stores, including grocery and drug stores. Common sizes of these batteries include AAA, AA, C, 9 Volt and D. They are often cylindrical in shape and are easily replaceable in electronic devices. They may be used until the stored energy is depleted, and they are then discarded.

P-0006[0006] While primary batteries are very convenient, they can become quite expensive for a user who constantly uses his electronic device. For example, a person who constantly listens to music on his portable stereo may have to replace as many as eight batteries on a weekly basis! This can become quite costly.

P-0007[0007] To alleviate this problem, rechargeable battery manufacturers now make rechargeable batteries in the same size and shape as the primary batteries. In other words, one is now able to purchase a rechargeable battery that looks and works just like an alkaline, primary battery. When the rechargeable battery dies, the user simply recharges it as opposed to buying a new one. The rechargeable nature of these batteries makes them quite economical.

P-0008[0008] The problem introduced by these rechargeable batteries is that they come in a variety of types and chemistries. Some may be nickel-based, while others are lithium-based. Additionally, within a particular chemistry family, some batteries may be designed to charge at high currents while others may only charge at lower currents. Improperly charging a battery may compromise its reliability. Thus, there is a need for a charger to be able to determine what type of battery is currently being used, and to adjust its charging voltage, current and procedure accordingly.

P-0009[0009] One prior art solution to this problem is to design different types of rechargeable batteries with different shapes, or “form factors”. For example, a 1 amp battery may have contacts that are ½” apart, while a 10 amp battery may have contacts that are ¾” apart. The problem with this solution is that it does not allow for interchangeability with primary use batteries. If a rechargeable battery is to be substituted for an AA alkaline battery, it must be of the same size and shape.

P-0010[0010] There is thus a need for a method and apparatus to determine the charging characteristics of a rechargeable battery.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

P-0011[0011]FIG. 1 is an illustration of a battery having a charging indicating means, inserted into a detecting charger, in accordance with the invention.

P-0012[0012]FIG. 2 is an illustration of a battery having a charging indicating means, inserted backwards into a detecting charger, illustrating a safety feature in accordance with the invention.

P-0013[0013]FIG. 3 is an illustration of a prior art battery, inserted into a detecting charger in accordance with the invention.

P-0014[0014]FIG. 4 is an illustration of an alternate battery, having a charging indicating means, inserted into a charger, in accordance with the invention

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

P-0015[0015] A preferred embodiment of the invention is now described in detail. Referring to the drawings, like numbers indicate like parts throughout the views. As used in the description herein and throughout the claims, the following terms take the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise: the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on.”

P-0016[0016] Referring now to FIG. 1, illustrated therein is a rechargeable battery <b>100</b> having a charging indicating means in accordance with the invention. The battery <b>100</b> is of standard construction, having both a cathode <b>103</b> and an anode <b>104</b>. For example, if the battery <b>100</b> is of the standard AA form factor, the battery <b>100</b> is cylindrical in shape with a protruding cathode <b>103</b> at one end and a flat anode <b>104</b> at the opposite end. The battery housing is typically manufactured from an electrically conductive material, with the housing being electrically coupled to the anode <b>104</b>.

P-0017[0017] In a preferred embodiment, a charging indicating means comprises a non-conductive label <b>101</b> having at least one aperture <b>102</b>. The aperture <b>105</b>, or apertures, are configured such that a plurality of sensors <b>105</b>-<b>107</b> contact either the label <b>102</b> or the battery housing through the aperture <b>102</b> when the battery <b>100</b> is inserted into a charger <b>110</b>. While the aperture <b>102</b> may only partially circumscribe the battery <b>100</b>, it is preferable to have the aperture <b>102</b> completely circumscribe the battery <b>100</b>. This allows the sensors <b>105</b>-<b>107</b> to detect the presence of the aperture <b>102</b> regardless cylindrical rotation of the battery <b>100</b>. Note also that while a charger <b>110</b> is used in this exemplary embodiment, an electronic device, like a phone, pager, personal data assistant, radio, phone, pager, MP3 player, compact disk player, or portable computer, having charging circuitry may operate as an alternative to the charger <b>110</b>.

P-0018[0018] In this exemplary embodiment, sensor <b>105</b> protrudes through the aperture <b>102</b> to connect with the housing of the battery <b>100</b>. As stated above, in typical batteries, the housing is electrically coupled to the anode <b>104</b>. This being the case, a sensing means <b>111</b>, which may comprise discrete analog detection circuitry, microprocessors, and the like, detects that sensor <b>105</b> is coupled to the anode contact <b>108</b>. As the label <b>101</b> is non-conductive, sensors <b>106</b> and <b>107</b> detect open circuits. The sensing circuit <b>111</b> then decodes the sensed information to determine that a “first-type” battery <b>100</b> has been inserted. The sensing circuit <b>111</b> then instructs the charging circuit (not shown) to charge the battery <b>100</b> in accordance with an algorithm tailored to the first-type battery chemistry. By using binary combinations of apertures, it is possible to detect different types of batteries simply through the plurality of sensors. The number of apertures, as well as their placement may be detected by way of hardware or software in the sensing circuit <b>111</b>. For example, the software may comprise a look-up table corresponding to the different aperture scenarios.

P-0019[0019] The invention also includes safety features. Referring now to FIG. 2, illustrated therein is the first-type battery <b>100</b> from FIG. 1. In FIG. 2, however, the battery <b>100</b> has been inserted into the charger <b>110</b> backwards. The anode <b>104</b> is unintentionally connected to the cathode contact <b>109</b>, and the cathode has been connected to the anode contact <b>108</b>. Charging the battery <b>100</b> in the reverse direction may lead to compromised battery performance.

P-0020[0020] As the label <b>101</b> is made of electrically insulating material however, the sensors <b>105</b>-<b>107</b> all sense open circuits. The sensing circuit <b>111</b> interprets this to mean that no battery with a recognized aperture scheme has been inserted. The sensing circuit <b>111</b> thus instructs the charging circuit not to charge. Similarly, in FIG. 3, when a primary battery <b>300</b> is inserted in the charger <b>110</b>, the sensing circuit <b>111</b>, seeing no apertures, will instruct the charging circuit not to charge.

P-0021[0021] Referring now to FIG. 4, illustrated therein is a “second-type” battery <b>400</b>. The second-type battery <b>400</b> has a label <b>403</b> having two apertures <b>401</b>,<b>402</b>. The first aperture <b>401</b> corresponds to sensor <b>105</b> and the second corresponds to sensor <b>107</b>. When this battery <b>400</b> is inserted, the sensing circuit <b>111</b> detects that sensor <b>105</b> and <b>107</b> are both coupled to the anode <b>404</b>. The sensing circuit <b>111</b> thus instructs the charging circuit to charge the battery <b>400</b> with the second-type charging algorithm.

P-0022[0022] It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the number, size and shape of the apertures are not limited to those as illustrated. Further, the conductive material forming the cylindrical portion of the battery may be of any material as long as it is electrically-conductive and not prone to rusting. Preferably, a steel sheet material plated with chromium or nickel is used.

P-0023[0023] In the event that the battery housing is not made of a conductive metal, the label may be manufactured to include conductive traces. In one embodiment, these conductive traces may then couple to a tab on the label that connects to the anode of the battery. In another embodiment, these conductive traces may couple to a tab that connects to the battery housing. In another embodiment, these conductive traces may connect to each other. In this particular configuration, the sensing circuit would detect shorts between particular conductive traces, as opposed to connections to the anode, to determine the particular battery configuration.

P-0024[0024] While the preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it is clear that the invention is not so limited. Numerous modifications, changes, variations, substitutions, and equivalents will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims. For example, the aperture system could be replaced with a bar-coding system, provided the charger were equipped with an optical sensing means to read the bar code. Additionally, the label could be replaced with selective insulating coatings, inks or paint.