Computer system, storage and storage utilization and monitoring method

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a computer system, a storage apparatus and a storage apparatus utilization and monitoring method, and more particularly to a computer system connected with at least a storage apparatus, and a storage apparatus (hereafter also referred to as “storage”), as well as a storage utilization monitoring method, in which the storage itself can utilize and monitor the usage status of the storage.

[0002] The amount of data in storage in computer systems that corporations utilize and manage has been increasing in recent years, which has caused the utilization and management of storage to become more complex and increased the costs for such utilization and management. One way to solve this problem is to have the utilization of storage in the computer systems of corporations handled by vendors called storage service providers (SSP), who utilize and manage storage for their clients.

[0003] An SSP is a business that has a plurality of storages and divides the storages to provide them to a plurality of users. Users who let an SSP utilize the storage and entrust their data with the SSP can reduce the cost of utilizing and managing their data (see “SSPs That Support Service Enterprises.” <i>Nikkei System Provider </i>Mar. 16, 2001).

[0004] As part of the SSP's services, utilizing and monitoring the usage status of the users' storages are useful in taking over the utilization and management of the storages for the users. In fact, utilizing and monitoring the usage status of storage are functions necessary not only for the SSP but in general, in order for a computer to operate normally within an area of storage allocated to that computer.

[0005] There is a known technology regarding monitoring of storage capacity as part of usage status of storage. The technology involves automatically monitoring the used capacity of disks that comprise a storage, where a computer that uses the storage automatically ascertains the used capacity on the disks, and when the used capacity exceeds a predetermined reference value a warning is given to an administrator of the computer via electronic mail. However, this technology entails the problems described below.

[0006] In general, when a computer uses a storage, the method employed in using the storage is determined by a file system that the computer uses. For this reason, although the storage can obtain information concerning volumes that the storage itself has created, it cannot ascertain how the computer is using the volumes. For example, the storage cannot ascertain how much of the volume capacity the computer is using.

[0007] Although storages that actually have their own file systems, such as NAS (network attached storage), can ascertain information described above, due to the fact that the NAS must have network connections such as TCP/IP and requires file I/O in the network file system, it cannot work with SCSI, fibre channel connections, or block I/O access.

[0008] In order to ascertain the capacity of storage used by the computer or a user in a storage that is compatible with SCSI, fibre channel storage connections, or block I/O access, a function that allows the computer to monitor the capacity of the storage must be adopted. However, this requires adopting a separate storage monitoring function into the computer in addition to the normal utilization of the computer, and this creates a load on the operations of the computer and increases load on the user with regard to utilization and management.

[0009] In the meantime, due to the structure of the SSP, users who are clients of SSPs tend not to want utilization and monitoring services that SSPs offer for the reasons described above. On the SSP administrators' side, managing the computers themselves is not part of their business purposes and they tend to want to avoid an increase in the number of actual devices they utilize and manage. As a result, both the users who are the clients of the SSPs and the SSP administrators tend not to want to have storages utilized and managed through the use of utilization and management functions in the computers themselves.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0010] The present invention therefore relates to a computer system, a storage, and a storage utilization and management method that make it possible to utilize and manage storage, without having computers utilize and manage storage with regard to storage capacity.

[0011] In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a storage itself monitors the usage status of an area used by a computer, monitors and retains read/write positions in the storage based on I/O data information from the computer, and thereby obtains the usage status of the area used by the computer.

[0012] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, in a computer system having one or more computers and one or more storages connected to those computers, the storage has a device that obtains information concerning an area of the storage that each computer uses, a device that obtains information concerning the capacity of the area within its area that each computer uses to actually store data, and a device for the storage to notify the computer or the computer user of the status of the area.

[0013] In addition, the storage also may have a device to create new areas within the storage when the used capacity of the area increases; a device to notify, after creating new areas, the user who will use the newly created areas of the fact that new areas have been created; and a device to notify, when the areas available for creating new areas within the storage decrease as a result of an increase in the areas created, the user who administers the storage of the necessity of a new disk device within the storage in order to be able to create new areas.

[0014] By providing the storage with the devices described above, the need is eliminated for the computer itself to have a function to utilize and manage the storage and any load on the computer used by the user uses can also be eliminated, according to the present invention. For the administrator of the storage, the only actual device that he or she has to manage is the storage, which allows him or her to manage intensively the usage status of the storage, which in turn reduces management costs.

[0015] Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings that illustrate, by way of example, various features of embodiments of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016]FIG. 1 shows a block diagram indicating the configuration of a computer system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0017]FIG. 2 shows a drawing illustrating an example of storage information.

[0018]FIG. 3 shows a flowchart illustrating processing operations that take place to monitor the used capacity of volumes within a storage.

[0019]FIG. 4 shows a table indicating the structure of a storage information change history table.

[0020]FIG. 5 shows a flowchart illustrating the processing operations that take place to notify the user of information concerning data locations.

[0021]FIG. 6 shows a block diagram indicating a configuration of a computer system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0022]FIG. 7 shows a flowchart illustrating a data obtaining procedure concerning data access through sharing of volumes having different data management methods.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0023] A computer system, a storage and a storage utilization and management method in accordance with embodiments of the present invention are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024]FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a computer system according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a drawing that illustrates an example of storage information. In FIGS. 1 and 2, <b>10</b><i>a</i>-<b>10</b><i>n </i>are each a computer, <b>11</b><i>a</i>-<b>11</b><i>n </i>are each a storage, <b>110</b> is a management module, <b>111</b> is storage information, <b>112</b> is a data management information obtaining function, <b>113</b> is a storage management control function, <b>114</b> is a communication function, <b>12</b><i>a</i>-<b>12</b><i>n </i>are each a volume, <b>120</b> is a group of volumes, <b>130</b> is a communication path such as a cable, <b>200</b> is a volume information table, <b>210</b> is a volume management policy table, <b>220</b> is a storage capacity table, and <b>230</b> is a user information table.

[0025] The computer system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of computers <b>10</b><i>a</i>-<b>10</b><i>n </i>and a plurality of storages <b>11</b><i>a</i>-<b>11</b><i>n </i>connected by the cable <b>130</b>. The plurality of storages <b>11</b><i>a</i>-<b>11</b><i>n </i>all may have the same configuration, and FIG. 1 shows the internal configuration only of the storage <b>11</b><i>a. </i>By using the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>as a representative of the entire storages, its internal configuration will be described.

[0026] The storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>comprises the group of volumes <b>120</b> and the management module <b>110</b> that manages and controls the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>and that can communicate with each of the computers <b>10</b> via the cable <b>130</b>, which connects each computer <b>10</b> with the storage <b>11</b><i>a</i>. The group of volumes <b>120</b> is a set of volumes, each of which is the minimum unit of storage available to be provided to each of the computers <b>10</b><i>a</i>-<b>10</b><i>n </i>in the area manage by the storage <b>11</b><i>a</i>, and it comprises a plurality of volumes <b>12</b><i>a</i>-<b>12</b><i>n </i>that accepts, via the cable <b>130</b>, I/O requests from computers among the computers <b>10</b><i>a</i>-<b>10</b><i>n </i>that use the storage <b>11</b><i>a. </i>

[0027] The management module <b>110</b> comprises the storage information <b>111</b> that retains information concerning area available for use by each of the computers (not necessarily all) among the computers <b>10</b><i>a</i>-<b>10</b><i>n </i>that uses the group of volumes <b>120</b> and information concerning area actually used by those computers <b>10</b>; the data management information obtaining function <b>112</b>, which is a function to obtain data management formats to use the volumes <b>12</b>; the storage management control function <b>113</b>, which is a function to actually control the storage <b>11</b><i>a</i>, such as setting the volumes <b>12</b>; and the communication function <b>114</b>, which is a function to allow communication, via the cable <b>130</b>, between the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>and the computers <b>10</b><i>a</i>-<b>10</b><i>n. </i>

[0028] The communication function <b>114</b> may be conventional electronic mail functions. The data management information obtaining function <b>112</b> is a function that, depending on the data management method (for example, FAT, NTFS) such as a file system that each computer <b>10</b> uses, is used to obtain data locations and locations on disks of data and files used by each of the computers <b>10</b>. The cable <b>130</b> can be a cable that uses a fibre channel or Ethernet (a registered trademark), and may in some cases be separate networks of fibre channel and Ethernet (a registered trademark). In the latter case, a plurality of communication devices may be located on the computers <b>10</b><i>a</i>-<b>10</b><i>n </i>and the storages <b>11</b><i>a</i>-<b>11</b><i>n</i>, depending on the type of the cable.

[0029] Among the computers <b>10</b><i>a</i>-<b>10</b><i>n</i>, besides computers <b>10</b> that actually use the storages <b>11</b><i>a</i>-<b>11</b><i>n</i>, there may be a computer that works in conjunction with the communication function <b>114</b> of the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>to obtain information concerning the storage <b>11</b><i>a</i>, that does not use disks within the storage <b>11</b><i>a</i>, and that register setting requests to the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>(hereinafter called a “management terminal”). Further, the functions of the management terminal may be incorporated into the computers <b>10</b> that use the storages <b>11</b><i>a</i>-<b>11</b><i>n. </i>

[0030] The computer system according to the embodiment of the present invention that is comprised as described above may be a computer system utilized by a specific user or a computer system utilized by an SSP.

[0031] If the computer system shown in FIG. 1 is a computer system utilized by an SSP, the computers <b>10</b><i>a</i>-<b>10</b><i>n </i>issue requests concerning the storage from clients and clients' servers to the SSP, and are also the management terminals of the clients who obtain information from the storages <b>11</b>, as well as the management terminals through which the SSP administrator obtains storage information. Additionally in this case, the storages <b>11</b><i>a</i>-<b>11</b><i>n </i>are storages provided to clients by the SSP with a price attached to the volumes <b>12</b> of each storage <b>11</b>. Further, one or more volumes <b>12</b><i>a</i>-<b>12</b><i>n </i>becomes a unit of storage provided to the each client by the SSP.

[0032] The storage information <b>111</b> that the management module <b>110</b> has comprises, as shown in FIG. 2, the volume information table <b>200</b>, the volume management policy table <b>210</b>, the storage capacity table <b>220</b> and the user information table <b>230</b>. The storage information <b>111</b> is used to utilize and monitor the storage <b>11</b> on which the management module <b>110</b> is provided.

[0033] The volume information table <b>200</b> is a table that manages information concerning the volumes <b>12</b> set within a storage (the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>in this case). The volume information table <b>200</b> stores, for each volume ID <b>201</b> assigned to identify each volume <b>12</b> defined within the storage <b>11</b><i>a</i>, a computer name <b>202</b> for the computer <b>10</b> that uses the volume <b>12</b>, a data management method <b>203</b> in which the data management method used by the volume <b>12</b> is registered, a capacity <b>204</b> of the volume <b>12</b> available for use by the computer <b>10</b>, and a used capacity <b>205</b> that the computer <b>10</b> actually uses. Each of the values stored in the computer name <b>202</b> is an identifier for each of the computers <b>10</b><i>a</i>-<b>10</b><i>n</i>. The data management method <b>203</b> is an identifier for the data management method, such as a file system, that each computer <b>10</b> uses. The data management information obtaining function <b>112</b> refers to this value and obtains the status of data location on each computer <b>10</b>. Here, for the sake of simplification, we will assume that each volume <b>12</b> is managed by one data management method. It is possible to divide one volume <b>12</b> into a plurality of partitions by a plurality of different data management methods, and to utilize the volume <b>12</b> in that manner. If this were the case, for each volume <b>12</b>, information for each partition should be managed under the same headings as in the volume information table <b>200</b>, so that the volume ID <b>201</b> heading becomes partition identifiers, and the capacity <b>204</b> and the used capacity <b>205</b> become information for each partition.

[0034] The volume control policy table <b>210</b> stores a volume ID <b>211</b>, which is the same as the volume ID <b>201</b> described earlier; an addition warning policy <b>212</b> that designates, depending on the volume usage status, whether to give a warning when the utilization rate of the volume <b>12</b> increases; an addition policy <b>213</b> that designates whether to add volumes <b>12</b> depending on the volume usage status; and a notification destination <b>214</b> that designates the user that the communication function <b>114</b> notifies concerning warnings and additions. The volume management policy table <b>210</b> is set by the user of each volume <b>12</b>. Depending on the contents of these headings, the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>warns the appropriate user or adds the volumes <b>12</b> for the appropriate user.

[0035] The storage capacity table <b>220</b> stores a storage capacity <b>221</b>, which is the capacity of each storage <b>11</b> that is actually available for use; a maximum storage capacity <b>222</b> that registers the maximum value of the storage capacity available for use as a result of adding disks; a warning policy <b>223</b> that designates whether to give a warning when the used capacity <b>221</b> of the storage approaches the value of the maximum storage capacity <b>222</b>, i.e., when there is a high possibility that the disks in the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>may become insufficient; and a notification destination <b>224</b> that designates the user that the communication function <b>114</b> notifies concerning warnings. The notification destination <b>224</b> is designated by the administrator of the storage <b>11</b><i>a</i>. When a storage administrator is designated as a notification destination, the storage administrator can be urged through warnings to add new disks to the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>or to perform other designated tasks. The storage capacity table <b>220</b> is used as information to determine when to add the volumes <b>12</b> and when to warn the storage administrator of the possibility of insufficient storage capacity. The warning policy <b>223</b> and the notification destination <b>224</b> are set by the storage administrator.

[0036] In the user information table <b>230</b> are stored a user name <b>231</b>, which is a name of the user to whom the storage usage status is notified; and user information <b>232</b>, which is information required for the communication function <b>114</b> to notify the user of information from the storage <b>11</b><i>a</i>. If the communication function <b>114</b> uses electronic mail functions, an electronic mail address is set in the user information <b>232</b>, so that the communication function <b>114</b> can use the user information <b>232</b> to notify the user of storage information.

[0037]FIG. 3 is a flowchart that describes the processing operations that take place to monitor the used capacity of one of the volumes <b>12</b> within the storage <b>11</b><i>a</i>. This processing is executed by the management module <b>110</b> of the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>by using the functions and information that the former has.

[0038] (1) When the management module <b>110</b> receives a request directed to the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>from one of the computers <b>10</b>, the data management information obtaining function <b>112</b> gains information concerning the change in the amount of used capacity of one of the volumes <b>12</b> in relation to the request to use the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>from the computer <b>10</b>. In addition, the data management information obtaining function <b>112</b> uses the information in the data management method <b>203</b> of the volume information table <b>200</b> to ascertain the used capacity of the volume <b>12</b>, in accordance with the data management method of the volume <b>12</b> (step <b>300</b>).

[0039] (2) Based on the used capacity of the volume <b>12</b> as ascertained in the processing in step <b>300</b>, the management module <b>110</b> recognizes that a change has occurred in the used capacity of the volume <b>12</b> that it manages and makes changes through the volume information table <b>200</b> to the used capacity <b>205</b> for the volume <b>12</b> having the volume ID that is used by the computer <b>10</b> that made the request (step <b>301</b>).

[0040] (3) Next, the management module <b>110</b> uses the volume information table <b>200</b> and the volume management policy table <b>210</b> to check whether the used capacity of the volume <b>12</b> matches the status designated by the warning policy <b>212</b>. In other words, the management module <b>110</b> calculates the percentage is of the capacity <b>204</b> available for use in the volume information table <b>200</b> that the used capacity <b>205</b>, which is the actual used capacity, is at; and the management module <b>110</b> checks whether this value matches the status designated by the warning policy <b>212</b> of the volume management policy table <b>210</b> (step <b>302</b>).

[0041] (4) If as a result of checking in step <b>302</b>, the status is found to be the status designated by the warning policy <b>212</b>, e.g., in FIG. 2, if the utilization rate of the volume <b>12</b> whose volume ID is 2 in the volume information table <b>200</b> is found to be 95% upon calculation, which matches the status designated by the warning policy <b>212</b> of the volume management policy table <b>210</b>, the management module <b>110</b> uses the communication function <b>114</b> to notify the user in the notification destination <b>214</b> of the volume management policy table <b>210</b> of the warning concerning the usage status of the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>(step <b>303</b>).

[0042] (5) If as a result of checking in step <b>302</b> the status is found not to be the status designated by the warning policy <b>212</b>, or if after the processing in step <b>303</b> the used capacity of the volume <b>12</b> is checked using information in the volume information table <b>200</b> to see whether its status is the status designated by the addition policy <b>213</b> of the volume information table <b>200</b> and found not to be the status designated by the addition policy <b>213</b>, the processing is terminated in this step since no additions are necessary yet (step <b>304</b>).

[0043] (6) If as a result of checking in step <b>304</b>, the status is found to be the status designated by the addition policy <b>213</b>, e.g., the utilization rate of the volume <b>12</b> whose volume ID is 2 is 95% in the volume information table <b>200</b>, which matches the status designated by the addition policy <b>213</b>, whether an addition of a new volume <b>12</b> is possible is checked next using the storage capacity table <b>220</b> (step <b>305</b>).

[0044] (7) If as a result of checking in step <b>305</b>, an addition cannot be made, the management module <b>110</b> uses the communication function <b>114</b> to notify the user in the notification destination <b>214</b> of the volume management policy table <b>210</b> of the fact that a new volume <b>12</b> cannot be added, and terminates the processing. When there is a storage administrator in addition to the user, such as with SSPs, the notification that an addition cannot be made can be sent to the administrator (step <b>307</b>).

[0045] (8) If as a result of checking in step <b>305</b> an addition is possible, e.g., in FIG. 2, if the storage capacity <b>221</b> is 1T and the maximum storage capacity is 2T in the storage capacity table <b>220</b>, this indicates that 1T may be added to the existing storage configuration. In the meantime, if the volume <b>12</b> in question is the volume <b>12</b> whose volume ID is 2, the request from the addition policy <b>213</b> of the volume management policy table <b>210</b> is a request for an addition of 100 GB, which is considered allowable, and the storage management control function <b>113</b> therefore adds a volume <b>12</b> in accordance with the addition policy <b>213</b>. The management module <b>110</b> uses the communication function <b>114</b> to notify the user in the notification destination <b>214</b> of the volume management policy table <b>210</b> of the fact that the volume <b>12</b> has been added. Furthermore, with the addition of the volume <b>12</b>, the storage capacity table <b>220</b> is updated. For example, if 100 GB were added in accordance with the addition policy <b>213</b> for the volume <b>12</b> whose volume ID is 2, the value in the storage capacity <b>221</b> is updated to a value of 1T plus 100 GB. At the same time, an ID is assigned to the newly added volume <b>12</b> in the volume information table <b>200</b> and the volume management policy table <b>210</b>, so that a new line is added to each of the tables, and an entry is added to each of the volume information table <b>200</b> and the volume management policy table <b>210</b> when setting the new volume <b>12</b> available for use by the computer <b>10</b> (step <b>306</b>).

[0046] (9) After completing the processing in step <b>306</b>, the management module <b>110</b> checks whether the status is the status designated by the warning policy <b>223</b> of the storage capacity table <b>220</b>, and if the status is not the status designated by the warning policy <b>223</b> the processing is terminated in this step. For example, if the value of the storage capacity <b>221</b> is 1T and the value of the maximum storage capacity <b>222</b> is 2T in the storage capacity table <b>220</b>, the utilization rate is 50%, which does not satisfy the requirement for the warning policy <b>223</b>, and the processing is terminated (step <b>308</b>).

[0047] (10) If as a result of checking in step <b>308</b>, the status is found to be the status designated by the warning policy <b>223</b>, e.g., if the value of the maximum storage capacity <b>222</b> is 2T and the value of the storage capacity <b>221</b> is 1.9T in the storage capacity table <b>220</b>, the utilization rate is 95%, which matches the status designated by the warning policy <b>223</b>; consequently, the management module <b>110</b> uses the communication function <b>114</b> to notify the user in the notification destination <b>224</b> of the storage capacity table <b>220</b> of the warning concerning the status of the storage capacity (step <b>309</b>).

[0048] The present embodiment according to the present invention makes it possible for the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>itself to monitor the usage status of the storage <b>11</b><i>a</i>, to notify the user or the administrator, and to automatically add new volumes <b>12</b>, by having the processing described above executed in the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>itself, and without having to install monitoring software on any of the computers <b>10</b>. In addition, since the used area of the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>itself can be monitored at all times, the storage administrator can respond flexibly to disk additions within the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>depending on the usage status of the storage <b>11</b><i>a. </i>

[0049] Furthermore, since the present embodiment according to the present invention allows an exchange of information between the user and the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>without having to go through the administrator even when the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>is utilized by an SSP, the time it takes to make changes to the storage setting can be shortened. When the storage is utilized in a manner that requires authorization in relation to storage settings, i.e., when no one other than the storage administrator is allowed to set or change the storage settings, the notification between the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>and the user described above can be made via the storage administrator.

[0050] When adding a new volume <b>12</b> in the processing in step <b>306</b>, if the computer <b>10</b> that is to use the new volume <b>12</b> has a volume expansion function, an existing volume <b>12</b> with an existing volume ID may be expanded in the storage <b>11</b><i>a. </i>

[0051] By utilizing an SSP in the manner described above, the need to provide extra software to the computers <b>10</b> of the SSP's clients is eliminated, and the volume usage status of the SSP's clients can be ascertained by the utilization of the storage <b>11</b><i>a</i>. The SSP administrator can at any time monitor the SSP clients' volume usage status through the utilization of the storage <b>11</b><i>a</i>, which would allow the administrator to give warnings early and to automatically add new volumes <b>12</b>; as a result, the SSP can provide to its clients services that are equivalent to services that clients would have if software that monitors the usage status of the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>were installed on the clients' computers. From the SSP clients' perspective, this arrangement does not create any new load on their computers since the clients do not have to install extra software.

[0052] In accordance with the embodiment of the present invention, a setting, used to notify the storage administrator (or the SSP administrator) of any changes to any of the values in any of the tables in the storage information <b>111</b> whenever a change is made, can be included in the storage information <b>111</b>. By doing this, the storage administrator can comprehensively ascertain changes to the usage status of the entire storage <b>11</b><i>a</i>. Further, by installing on the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>software that comprehensively displays the information provided from the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>to the administrator, the administrator can realize more reduction in the management cost.

[0053] In accordance with the embodiment of the present invention, the management module <b>110</b> can be provided with a function to separately retain each of the tables in the storage information <b>111</b> periodically or a whenever a change is made to any of the tables, which makes it possible to ascertain the volume usage status for each period. Based on this information, the management module <b>110</b> can provide the user with the volume usage status, which can be used by the user to make his or her decision regarding his or her use of the volumes <b>12</b>.

[0054]FIG. 4 is a table showing the structure of a storage information change history table. This table manages information retained for each of the tables managed by the storage information <b>111</b> when the tables are separately retained periodically or whenever a change is made to any of the tables.

[0055] The storage information change history table <b>400</b> shown in FIG. 4 comprises time <b>401</b>, which is the time at which a table in the storage information <b>111</b> was retained; a table type <b>402</b>, which is the type of table in the storage information <b>111</b>; and a table name <b>403</b>, which is the name of the table that was retained. By referring to the table <b>400</b>, it is possible to determine that storage information <b>111</b> was retained at the time indicated in the time <b>401</b>. For example, if each of the tables in the storage information <b>111</b> is retained periodically (for example, every hour), it becomes possible to notify the user of the volume usage status on an hourly basis and the user can check the volume usage status in a chronological order.

[0056] Or, for example, when there is a change made to the content of the storage information <b>111</b>, a change history of the volumes <b>12</b> can be obtained since the tables are separately retained, and the user can be notified of the trend in the volume usage status by providing this information to the user. Users whose utilization rate of the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>has not increased can be urged to change volume settings. By doing this, the operational rate of the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>can be increased, so that the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>can be used efficiently.

[0057] In other words, if a plurality of users is each using a separate volume <b>12</b>, the usage status of each user can be found from the content of the storage information change history table <b>400</b>; users who are hardly using their volumes <b>12</b> can be urged to reduce the amount of the volumes <b>12</b> they have, and once the amount of their volumes <b>12</b> is reduced, new volumes <b>12</b> can be added for other users; in this way the storage resources can be used efficiently. If the storage is utilized by an SSP, the SSP can urge its clients to add or reduce their volumes <b>12</b> by a flexible pricing of such additions and reductions of the volumes <b>12</b>.

[0058] If data locations within the volumes <b>12</b> are obtained and the data locations are found to be fragmented, the embodiment of present invention can notify the user of it and urge the user to optimize the data locations. The processing operations that take place in such a situation will be described next.

[0059]FIG. 5 is a flowchart that describes the processing operations to notify the user of information concerning data locations.

[0060] (1) First, the data monitoring processing that monitors the used capacity of the volumes <b>12</b>, which was described using FIG. 3, is executed. By performing this monitoring processing, an opportunity to notify the user of information concerning data locations can be provided every time there is an access to the storage <b>11</b> (step <b>500</b>).

[0061] (2) Next, the relations between the data locations and disk locations within the storage <b>11</b> are obtained. For example, information concerning how consistent data (for example, one file) is located among various disks of the storage <b>11</b> is obtained. This processing is executed by the data management information obtaining function <b>112</b> that obtains the locations of a series of data in each of the volumes <b>12</b> in each of the storages <b>11</b>. For example, the locations of each data in the group of volumes <b>120</b> of the storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>are obtained. Further, the disk configuration of each storage <b>11</b> is obtained from the storage management control <b>113</b> and where on the disks each data is located is retained. By doing this, the relations between the data locations and the disks can be obtained (step <b>501</b>).

[0062] (3) Next, whether the data is fragmented is determined based on the relations between the data locations and the disks that were obtained in step <b>501</b>. For example, when a file is located on disk <b>1</b> and disk <b>2</b>, this data is determined to be fragmented. If there are no fragmented data, the processing is terminated without any further steps (step <b>502</b>).

[0063] (4) If in step <b>502</b> there is data that is determined to be fragmented, the communication function <b>114</b> is used to notify the fact that the data is fragmented to the user, who is designated to be notified of the status of the relevant volume <b>12</b>, and the processing is terminated. The user to be notified can be obtained from the value of the notification destination <b>214</b> of the volume management policy table <b>210</b> and from the user information table <b>230</b> that retains information concerning the notification destination user (step <b>503</b>).

[0064] By providing step <b>500</b>, a processing is activated to notify the user of the information concerning data locations every time there is an access to the storages <b>11</b>, but if the accesses are made frequently this processing will be activated many times, which can increase processing load on the storages <b>11</b> themselves. In consideration of such a situation, a means to activate the processing to periodically notify the user of information concerning data locations can be provided in the present invention, so that the processing begins with step <b>501</b>.

[0065] Additionally, in the processing that takes place in step <b>503</b>, if the data that is fragmented has fewer changes than other data, a processing to notify or not notify the user of this can be provided in step <b>503</b>. Changes to data can be determined from the storage information change history table <b>400</b> for the storage information <b>111</b>, which was described using FIG. 4.

[0066] In the present embodiment according to the present invention, by performing the processing as described above, each of the storages <b>11</b> itself can monitor the data locations and notify the user if it determines that the processing by the storage <b>11</b> would become slow due to the data locations, without having the computer monitor the data locations. Upon receiving the notice, the user can automatically obtain information from the storage <b>11</b> that the user can use to optimize the data locations.

[0067] If the storage <b>11</b> is utilized by an SSP, the storage <b>11</b> can still be utilized in the manner described and provide the monitoring services described; consequently, the SSP administrator can, without having to provide extra software on the clients' computers, monitor the data locations at all times through the utilization of the storage <b>11</b> and give warnings if any data is found to be fragmented. From the SSP clients' perspective, this arrangement does not create any new load on their computers since they do not have to install extra software.

[0068]FIG. 6 is a block diagram indicating the configuration of a computer system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a data obtaining procedure concerning data accesses performed when volumes <b>12</b> having different data management methods are shared. The embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 6 is an example that makes it possible for a plurality of computers <b>10</b> having different data management methods to share the volumes <b>12</b> and to operate data. In FIG. 6, 600 is a data conversion function, and other numbers are identical to those in FIG. 1.

[0069] The computer system in FIG. 6 includes the data conversion function <b>600</b> provided in a management module <b>1</b><b>10</b> within a storage <b>11</b><i>a </i>of a computer system in FIG. 1, and computer system in FIG. 6 is identical to the computer system in FIG. 1 in other respects. By providing the data conversion function <b>600</b>, it becomes possible for the plurality of computers <b>10</b> to obtain data in the volumes <b>12</b> having different data management methods. The data conversion function <b>600</b> may be provided with a function to manage all access rights to the volumes <b>12</b> by each computer <b>10</b>. Through this, unauthorized accesses to the volumes <b>12</b> can be blocked.

[0070] Next, referring to the flowchart in FIG. 7, descriptions are made as to the data obtaining procedure concerning data accesses performed when the volumes <b>12</b> having different data management methods are shared. This processing is executed by the management module <b>110</b> provided in each of the storages <b>11</b>.

[0071] (1) When one of the storages <b>11</b> receives an I/O request from one of the computers <b>10</b>, the management module <b>110</b> determines which of the volumes <b>12</b> the I/O request's access is for (steps <b>700</b> and <b>701</b>).

[0072] (2) Next, the management module <b>110</b> determines whether the data management method currently designated for the volume <b>12</b> to be accessed is different from the actual data management method. This determination can be made using the information in a volume information table <b>200</b>. For example, if a computer A and a computer B share the volume <b>12</b>, whose volume ID is 2, of the computer B, it is possible to determine from the volume information table <b>200</b> that the data management methods of the computer A and the computer B are different (step <b>702</b>).

[0073] (3) If the determination in step <b>702</b> shows that the data management methods are not different, the processing is terminated without any further steps. In this case, since the data management methods are the same, data can be obtained by the data management information obtaining function <b>112</b> using the same data management method.

[0074] (4) If the determination in step <b>702</b> shows that the data management methods are different and that data conversion is required, the data conversion is performed using the data conversion function <b>600</b>. For example, in FIG. 2, since the information from a data management method <b>203</b> shows that the data management method for the computer A is “1,” while the data management method for the computer B is “2,” an access with the data management method “1” from the computer A is converted to an access with the data management method “2.” In this way, data in the volume <b>12</b> whose volume ID is 2 and that is managed by the computer B can be obtained from the computer A as well. Consequently, once this processing is completed, the computer A can obtain the computer B's data, which is data in the data management method “2,” as data whose data management method is “1 ” (step <b>703</b>).

[0075] Through the processing described in FIG. 7, data managed under different data management methods can be shared and different computers <b>10</b> can obtain the data, without having to use data sharing software on the computers <b>10</b>.

[0076] When the storage <b>11</b> is managed by an SSP, the SSP can provide a data sharing service by having the storage <b>11</b> perform the processing described above, without using storages such as NAS with a file server connected on a network, and even if the access method is a block I/O such as in fibre channel and SCSI connection.

[0077] Various processing in the embodiments according to the present invention can be configured as a processing program, and such a processing program can be stored and provided in recording medium such as HD, DAT, FD, MO, DVD-ROM and CD-ROM.

[0078] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the management module <b>110</b> within each of the storages <b>11</b> can at all times monitor the usage status of the volumes <b>12</b> used by the computers <b>10</b> and have the storage <b>11</b> notify the user depending on the changes in the usage status, which makes it possible to notify the user of the usage status of the storage <b>11</b> without having to install monitoring software on the computer or server that the user uses.

[0079] Further in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention, due to the fact that the data conversion function for the volumes <b>12</b> is provided in the management module <b>110</b> of each of the storages <b>11</b>, a plurality of computers <b>10</b> can obtain data in various volumes <b>12</b>, even if the data management methods of the various computers <b>10</b> are different, without having to install data conversion software on the computers <b>10</b>.

[0080] According to the present invention, the utilization and management of storage can be done without having the computer perform the utilization and management of storage with regard to storage capacity, as described above.

[0081] While the description above refers to particular embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood that many modifications may be made without departing from the spirit thereof. The accompanying claims are intended to cover such modifications as would fall within the true scope and spirit of the present invention.

[0082] The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims, rather than the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.