System and method for XML data representation of portlets

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

P-0001[0001] This application claims priority from ENHANCED PORTALS [FLAGSTAFF RELEASE], U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/386,487, Inventors: Phil Griffin, et al., filed on Oct. 24, 2001, and which is incorporated herein by reference.

CROSS REFERENCES

P-0002[0002] This application is related to the following co-pending applications which are each hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety: SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PORTAL RENDERING, Inventors: Phil Griffin, et al., filed on ______; SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR RULE-BASED ENTITLEMENTS, U.S. application Ser. No. ______, Inventors: Phil Griffin, et al., filed on ______.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

P-0003[0003] A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

P-0004[0004] The present invention disclosure relates to persisting portlet configuration information, and in particular, representing portlet configuration information as an Extensible Markup Language (XML) document.

BACKGROUND

P-0005[0005] A portal is a point of access to data and applications that provides a unified and personalized view of information and resources. Typically, a portal is implemented as one or more pages on a website. In addition to web content, portals provide the ability to display portlets—self-contained applications or content. A portlet has configuration information associated with it that determines how the portlet's graphical user interface (GUI) is rendered and to what extent a user can interact with the GUI. Generally speaking, such configuration information can be stored in a proprietary database accessible only by a Web server or specialized tools. However, this can limit a user's ability to modify and distribute such data. What is needed is a standard way to represent portlet configuration information so that a portlet can be manipulated and rendered by non propriety tools.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

P-0006[0006]FIG. 1 is an exemplary portal GUI in accordance to one embodiment of the invention.

P-0007[0007]FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram of a portlet GUI in accordance to one embodiment of the invention.

P-0008[0008]FIG. 3 is diagram of a system in accordance to one embodiment of the invention.

P-0009[0009]FIG. 4 is diagram of a portal rendering system and method in accordance to one embodiment of the invention.

P-0010[0010]FIG. 5 is diagram of a portlet rendering system and method in accordance to one embodiment of the invention.

P-0011[0011]FIG. 6 is an Extensible Markup Language (XML) portlet document in accordance to one embodiment of the invention.

P-0012[0012]FIG. 7 is an XML Schema Definition (XSD) in accordance to one embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

P-0013[0013] The invention is illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like references indicate similar elements. It should be noted that references to “an” or “one” embodiment in this disclosure are not necessarily to the same embodiment, and such references mean at least one.

P-0014[0014]FIG. 1 is an exemplary portal GUI in accordance to one embodiment. In one embodiment, by way of illustration, a portal can be implemented as one or more pages on a website. Such pages can be implemented using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), or other programming languages, so as to be render-able by a commercial web browser. One such browser is Microsoft Internet Explorer, available from Microsoft, Corp. of Redmond, Wash. Portal pages can integrate many elements, such as live data feeds, static information and multimedia presentations. Portal page selection tabs <b>100</b>-<b>104</b> can each be selected by a user to render a different page within the portal. Portal pages can be thought of as panels or panes that are swapped into and out of a display region of the available portal real estate. If the “stocks” tab <b>100</b> were selected, for example, the corresponding portal page would be rendered. By way of a non limiting example, selection of a portal element can be accomplished with an input device such as a mouse, a motion detector, a voice command, a hand or eye gesture, etc. Although tabs <b>100</b>-<b>104</b> in FIG. 1 are displayed horizontally, in another embodiment the tabs could be displayed vertically or using some other scheme. In yet another embodiment, tabs <b>100</b>-<b>104</b> could be rendered as buttons or as other kinds of interactive controls. A portal page can also include other elements, such as a header <b>112</b> and a footer <b>114</b> that can serve to provide additional information or act as a unifying graphical element.

P-0015[0015] A portal page can include portlets. In one embodiment, a portlet is an application that can manage its own GUI within the portal GUI. In one embodiment, a portlet is implemented as a JavaServer Page™ (JSP). JSP's are part of the Java™ standard available from Sun Microsystems, Inc. of Santa Clara, Calif. In FIG. 1, by way of a non limiting example, there are three portlets: American Stock Exchange <b>106</b>, New York Stock Exchange <b>108</b> and London Stock Exchange <b>110</b>. Each portlet could display information such as stock prices updated in real time for each exchange. A user might be able to configure such portlets to display only stocks of interest. In another embodiment, the user could select a given stock displayed in portlet <b>106</b>, <b>108</b> or <b>110</b> and receive more detailed information, such as the price history, price to earnings ratio, etc. Likewise, selection of the “bonds” tab <b>102</b> could render a bonds page having portlets for displaying bond information.

P-0016[0016]FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram of a portlet GUI in accordance to one embodiment of the invention. In one embodiment by way of example, a portlet can have a title bar <b>204</b> and associated title bar icon <b>202</b>. The title bar <b>204</b> can be used to identify the portlet or the portlet's content. A portlet can also have display areas: banner area <b>206</b>, header area <b>208</b>, content area <b>210</b>, and footer area <b>212</b>. The banner, header and footer areas can be used to display status messages, graphics or can be used to render user-selectable GUI controls such as buttons, drop down menus, etc. The content area <b>210</b> is where a portlet renders its content. Help icon <b>200</b> can be used to display help information when selected.

P-0017[0017] In one embodiment, a portal page such as in FIG. 1 can be described with a layout (hereinafter referred to as a “template”). A template can specify the location of elements on a portal page. A template can include one or more placeholders which define regions of the template wherein a portlet can render itself, or wherein other static or dynamic content can be rendered. A given placeholder can host more than one portlet. In such a case, the template area occupied by the placeholder could be shared amongst the portlets in a number of ways, including but not limited to stacking portlets on top of one another (not shown). In another embodiment, a template can be implemented as a Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) table and created with conventional HTML editors. Each cell in a such a table can represent a placeholder. Placeholders can be dynamically bound to portlet GUI's during portal page rendering. In one embodiment, this can be accomplished by inserting directives to initiate portlet execution, such as JSP tag library calls, in the HTML table cells representing placeholders.

P-0018[0018]FIG. 3 is diagram of a system in accordance to one embodiment of the invention. Although this diagram depicts objects as functionally separate, such depiction is merely for illustrative purposes. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the objects portrayed in FIG. 3 can be arbitrarily combined or divided into separate software, firmware or hardware components. Furthermore, it will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that such objects, irregardless of how they are combined or divided, can execute on the same computer or can be arbitrarily distributed among different computers connected by a network.

P-0019[0019] In one embodiment, by way of illustration, client <b>300</b> can render a portal by delegating the work to a hierarchy of JSP's wherein one JSP renders parts of its GUI by invoking other JSP's. Client <b>300</b> can be a web browser, for example. However, client <b>300</b> may be any software, firmware or hardware capable of communicating with server <b>302</b>. In one embodiment, server <b>302</b> can be any web server having a Java™ run-time environment and support for JSP, such as the BEA WebLogic Server™, available from BEA Systems, Inc. of San Jose, Calif.

P-0020[0020] JSP's separate GUI functionality on a client from application logic executing on a server, thereby enabling users to easily change a GUI without having to alter underlying application logic. Generally speaking, a JSP includes a page file that contains traditional HTML and Java™, but has a “.jsp” file name extension rather than “.html”. The “.jsp” extension indicates to server <b>302</b> that the file contains embedded directives to invoke special JSP processing within server <b>302</b>. For example, consider the following JSP page: <tables id="TABLE-US-00001" num="1"><table frame="none" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="2"><colspec colname="OFFSET" colwidth="49PT" align="left" /><colspec colname="1" colwidth="168PT" align="left" /><thead><row><entry /><entry /></row><row><entry /><entry namest="OFFSET" nameend="1" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry /><entry><%@page import=“java.util.*” %></entry></row><row><entry /><entry><HTML></entry></row><row><entry /><entry><HEAD></entry></row><row><entry /><entry><TITLE>JSP Date Example</TITLE></entry></row><row><entry /><entry></HEAD></entry></row><row><entry /><entry><CENTER></entry></row><row><entry /><entry><H2>Today's Date is:</H2></entry></row><row><entry /><entry><%= new Date() %></entry></row><row><entry /><entry></CENTER></entry></row><row><entry /><entry></BODY></entry></row><row><entry /><entry></HTML></entry></row><row><entry /><entry namest="OFFSET" nameend="1" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

P-0021[0021] Embedded in the HTML code above are statements expressly for processing by a JSP engine (not shown) in server <b>302</b>. For example, the scriplet code fragment “new Date ( )” is delimited by the special symbols “<%=” and “%>”. When the JSP page is invoked by client <b>300</b>, it will be processed and executed on server <b>302</b> by the JSP engine, whereas the HTML code will be processed and executed on client <b>300</b>. The above scriplet creates a new instance of the Date class on server <b>302</b> and returns the current date as a string to client <b>300</b>, which is then displayed by client <b>300</b>:

P-0022[0022] Today's Date is:

P-0023[0023] Tues July 05 13:34:33 PDT 2002

P-0024[0024] In one embodiment, when client <b>300</b> invokes a JSP page, web server <b>302</b> compiles the page into a servlet and spawns it as a running process. A servlet is a process deployed in a web server. Any dynamic output of the servlet is sent back to client <b>300</b> as a response. Processing of JSP code within the web server may also result in the inclusion (and invocation) of other JSP files via the <jsp:include> or similar directive.

P-0025[0025]FIG. 4 is diagram of a portal rendering system and method in accordance to one embodiment of the invention. In one embodiment by way of illustration, each box in the diagram having a file name therein represents a JSP page. The arrows beneath the boxes represent execution flow from one JSP page to another via JSP include directives. index.jsp <b>400</b> is the entry point for the portal web page. It forwards the web page request to the main portal JSP page, portal.jsp <b>402</b>. portal.jsp <b>402</b> is responsible for rendering the portal and its contents. As such, it must acquire various information needed for this endeavor. In one embodiment, portal.jsp <b>402</b> retrieves such information via calls to a tag library esp.tld which can be part of controller <b>304</b>. esp.tld includes JSP tags for communicating with portal manager <b>306</b>. Portal manager <b>306</b> is responsible for retrieving and persisting information pertaining to portal “skins”, portal templates and portlets. In one embodiment, the portal manager can be implemented as a stateless session Enterprise Java Bean™ (EJB). Persistence manager <b>308</b> is responsible for persisting this information and providing it to portal manager <b>306</b>. Persistence manager <b>308</b> may utilize a relational database management system (RDMBS) <b>310</b>.

P-0026[0026] In one embodiment, a skin can be a collection of files that includes a cascading style sheet and a directory of images that define the look and feel of a portal. Every button, banner, portlet header, background color, and font characteristic can be determined by a skin. In one embodiment, a portal can be associated with more than one user or portal group. A user group can be any arbitrary collection of users that is determined statically, or dynamically by evaluating rules that take into account information about a user and other information. A portal has a default skin that can be customized for a group. In this way, a group can define its own look and feel for a particular portal page. The group skin can be further customized to suit the needs of individual users. Skin information can be cached in server <b>302</b> so that it may be used by other JSP's invoked by portal.jsp during rendering of the portal page.

P-0027[0027] Another piece of information retrieved by portal.jsp <b>402</b> via esp.tld <b>304</b> is a template corresponding to each portal page. As with skins, a template can be customized. In one embodiment, customization of a template involves the layout or placement of portal elements (e.g., portlets, static data, dynamic data, header, footer, content, etc.) on the template. A template can be afforded an arbitrary number of levels of customization. In another embodiment, a template can have three levels of customization: global, group and user. An initial template is created for a portal page at the global level. This is the default template used for describing the portal page if there are no further customizations. Customizations at the group level supersede the global level template. Likewise, customizations at the user level take precedence over the group and global levels.

P-0028[0028] As part of retrieving the template, portal manager <b>306</b> binds portlets to template placeholders. In doing so, portal manager <b>306</b> utilizes access controller <b>312</b> to determine capabilities or permissions (e.g., whether the given portal user is entitled to execute, view or edit the portlet in question) based on one or more entitlements. An entitlement is a rule that grants or denies access to a resource capability. In one embodiment, a resource can be any resource available on a computer network, including but not limited to a portlet, a portlet GUI component, a portal page, portlet content, etc. In one embodiment, evaluation of an entitlement consists of dynamically associating roles with a user based on role rules that take into account information about the user, information about the user's communication session, or the current state of the system. For example:

P-0029[0029] (1) When all of these conditions apply, the user is a GoldMember:

P-0030[0030] Checking account balance>$5,000

P-0031[0031] Combined account balance>$50,000

P-0032[0032] In rule (1) above, a user is deemed a GoldMember if there is more than $5,000 in their checking account and they have more than $50,000 in their combined accounts. Certain portlets, for example, may only be for GoldMember users. By way of a non-limiting example, if only GoldMember users were entitled to view the portlet in question, the portlet would not be bound to a template for non-GoldMember users. Similarly, if the entitlement was for editing, then the portlet would be bound to the template and would be visible to a user, however only GoldMember users would be allowed to edit the portlet's contents. Access controller <b>312</b> directs role mapper <b>314</b> to determine which roles correspond to client <b>300</b>. Access controller <b>312</b> then directs decision module <b>316</b> to determine whether or not access to a resource should be allowed based on entitlements corresponding to the roles.

P-0033[0033] The final piece of information portal.jsp <b>302</b> needs in order to render the portal is the currently selected portal page tab <b>100</b>-<b>104</b>. This determines which portal page template to use initially, since each portal page is described by a template and each tab corresponds to a unique portal page. After obtaining this preliminary information, as shown in FIG. 4, portal.jsp <b>402</b> uses a JSP include directive to invoke header.jsp <b>404</b>. header.jsp <b>404</b> renders a standard header which is the same for each page in the portal. The header could be a navigation pane, for example, allowing a user to jump to different areas of the portal. It could also provide a standard graphic design element to unify pages within the portal. Next, portal.jsp <b>402</b> invokes PortalPageHeader.jsp <b>406</b>. PortalPageHeader.jsp <b>406</b> renders tabs <b>100</b>-<b>104</b> based on the number of portal page templates retrieved. Next, portal.jsp <b>402</b> invokes PortalPageContent.jsp <b>408</b> to render the selected portal page. A placeholder defines regions of the template wherein a portlet can display itself, or wherein other static or dynamic content can be rendered. In one embodiment, PortalPageContent.jsp <b>408</b> is responsible for rendering the page elements corresponding to each placeholder. If the placeholder hosts a portlet, PortalPageContent.jsp <b>408</b> invokes portlet.jsp <b>410</b>.

P-0034[0034]FIG. 5 is diagram of a portlet rendering system and method in accordance to one embodiment of the invention. In one embodiment by way of example, portlet.jsp <b>410</b> invokes Titlebar.jsp <b>500</b> which, in turn, renders the portlet's window title bar. The title bar might display icons that, when selected, allow a user to edit the portlet's contents <b>216</b>, detach the portlet such that it occupies a window independent from the web browser's main window <b>214</b>, or remove the portlet <b>218</b> (i.e., close its window). Titlebar.jsp <b>500</b> can access entitlement information via esp.tld <b>304</b> in deciding whether or not these icons are present or active. portlet.jsp <b>410</b> invokes Banner.jsp <b>502</b> to render a banner in a like manner to that of the portal page. portlet.jsp <b>410</b> invokes header.jsp <b>504</b> and footer.jsp <b>508</b> to render the header and footer portions of the portlet window. Portlet content generation (e.g., stock quotes) begins when portlet.jsp <b>410</b> invokes content.jsp <b>506</b> to initiate portlet execution (e.g., by making a JSP tag library call).

P-0035[0035]FIG. 6 is an XML portlet document in accordance to one embodiment of the invention. XML is a standard markup language that combines a generic syntax with human-readable tags to represent any kind of data. In one embodiment, there is no XML “document” per se. Rather, the XML description of portlet attributes can exist as a one or more streams of bytes or data sent between applications, objects and devices. In another embodiment, an XML document can exist as a physical file in a computer file system. Generally speaking, an XML document is self-descriptive and consists of one or more elements. An element has content or information which is delimited by a start tag and an end tag. Start tags begin with “<” and end with “>”. However, end tags begin with “</” and end with “>”. For example: <tables id="TABLE-US-00002" num="2"><table frame="none" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="2"><colspec colname="OFFSET" colwidth="63PT" align="left" /><colspec colname="1" colwidth="154PT" align="left" /><thead><row><entry /><entry /></row><row><entry /><entry namest="OFFSET" nameend="1" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry /><entry><company></entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="2"><colspec colname="OFFSET" colwidth="77PT" align="left" /><colspec colname="1" colwidth="140PT" align="left" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry /><entry>BEA Systems, Inc.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="2"><colspec colname="OFFSET" colwidth="63PT" align="left" /><colspec colname="1" colwidth="154PT" align="left" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry /><entry></company></entry></row><row><entry /><entry namest="OFFSET" nameend="1" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

P-0036[0036] In this example, the company element has a start tag “<company>”, an end tag “</company>” and the content “BEA Systems, Inc.” An element can also be empty. In this case, the element consists of a single tag that begins with “<” and ends with “/>”.

P-0037[0037] XML does not have a fixed set of tags. Rather, each application can define its own tags with their own meaning. In one embodiment by way of illustration, Table 1 enumerates tags that can be used to describe portlet attributes. Although some tag names indicate that their content consists of a uniform resource locator (URL), in another embodiment the content could be any identifier that specifies the location of a resource on a network such as the Internet. A Boolean or flag value indicates a state of true or false. A string is a sequence of characters. <tables id="TABLE-US-00003" num="3"><table frame="none" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="1"><colspec colname="1" colwidth="217PT" align="center" /><thead><row><entry namest="1" nameend="1" align="center">TABLE 1</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry /></row><row><entry namest="1" nameend="1" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row><row><entry>Portlet XML Tag Definitions</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="3"><colspec colname="1" colwidth="63PT" align="left" /><colspec colname="2" colwidth="63PT" align="left" /><colspec colname="3" colwidth="91PT" align="left" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry>XML Tag</entry><entry>Data Type</entry><entry>Description</entry></row><row><entry namest="1" nameend="3" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row><row><entry>Portlet-name</entry><entry>String having up to</entry><entry>A string that serves to identify</entry></row><row><entry /><entry>254 characters.</entry><entry>the portlet JSP.</entry></row><row><entry>Description</entry><entry>String having up to</entry><entry>This is a simple description of</entry></row><row><entry /><entry>254 characters.</entry><entry>the portlet's capabilities.</entry></row><row><entry>weblflow-filename</entry><entry>String.</entry><entry>The name of a file which</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>contains webflow information.</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>This information can be used</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>to drive web page navigation</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>processing on a server.</entry></row><row><entry>content-url</entry><entry>String.</entry><entry>The URL to the content area</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>JSP.</entry></row><row><entry>Header-url</entry><entry>String.</entry><entry>The URL to the header area</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>JSP.</entry></row><row><entry>alternate-header-url</entry><entry>String.</entry><entry>The URL to the header that</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>should be used by default</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>when the page is maximized.</entry></row><row><entry>Footer-url</entry><entry>String.</entry><entry>The URL to the footer area</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>JSP.</entry></row><row><entry>alternate-footer-url</entry><entry>String.</entry><entry>The URL to the footer used</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>for maximized state.</entry></row><row><entry>titlebar-url</entry><entry>String.</entry><entry>The URL to the default title</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>bar JSP.</entry></row><row><entry>Banner-url</entry><entry>String.</entry><entry>The URL to the banner are</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>JSP.</entry></row><row><entry>editable</entry><entry>Boolean.</entry><entry>Whether the portlet content</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>will be editable by a user.</entry></row><row><entry>Edit-url</entry><entry>String.</entry><entry>The URL to a portlet editor</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>JSP that is invoked if the edit</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>icon 216 is selected.</entry></row><row><entry>helpable</entry><entry>Boolean.</entry><entry>Whether there is online help</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>available for this portlet.</entry></row><row><entry>help-url</entry><entry>String.</entry><entry>The URL to the portlet help</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>JSP that is invoked if the help</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>icon 200 is selected.</entry></row><row><entry>icon-url</entry><entry>String.</entry><entry>The URL to the image for</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>titlebar icon 202.</entry></row><row><entry>minimizable</entry><entry>Boolean.</entry><entry>Whether this portlet can be</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>minimized by a user.</entry></row><row><entry>maximizable</entry><entry>Boolean.</entry><entry>Whether this portlet can be</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>maximized by a user.</entry></row><row><entry>maximize-url</entry><entry>String.</entry><entry>The URL to the maximized</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>body JSP.</entry></row><row><entry>mandatory</entry><entry>Boolean.</entry><entry>Whether this portlet must can</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>be removed by a user (icon</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>218).</entry></row><row><entry>moveable</entry><entry>Boolean.</entry><entry>Whether or not a user can</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>move the portlet when</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>customizing a portal page.</entry></row><row><entry>floatable</entry><entry>Boolean.</entry><entry>Whether this portlet can be</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>opened as a floating window</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>(icon 214).</entry></row><row><entry>Default-minimized</entry><entry>Boolean.</entry><entry>Whether this portlet appears</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>minimized by default.</entry></row><row><entry>login-required</entry><entry>Boolean.</entry><entry>Whether this portlet requires a</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>user to login prior to having</entry></row><row><entry /><entry /><entry>access to the portlet.</entry></row><row><entry namest="1" nameend="3" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

P-0038[0038]FIG. 7 is an XSD in accordance to one embodiment of the invention. By way of illustration, an XSD can be used to validate the data in an XML document by defining data type constraints for each element of data in an XML document. Table 1 summarizes this information in the “Data Type” column. XSD elements are defined in XML. Elements are declared using the “xsd: element” tag which has name and data type attributes corresponding to an element in an XML document. For example, the following XSD code fragment declares a “portlet” element as a sequence of other elements, namely “portlet-name” and “description”: <tables id="TABLE-US-00004" num="4"><table frame="none" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="2"><colspec colname="OFFSET" colwidth="21PT" align="left" /><colspec colname="1" colwidth="196PT" align="left" /><thead><row><entry /><entry /></row><row><entry /><entry namest="OFFSET" nameend="1" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry /><entry><xsd: element name = “portlet”></entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="2"><colspec colname="OFFSET" colwidth="35PT" align="left" /><colspec colname="1" colwidth="182PT" align="left" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry /><entry><xsd: complexType></entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="2"><colspec colname="OFFSET" colwidth="49PT" align="left" /><colspec colname="1" colwidth="168PT" align="left" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry /><entry><xsd: sequence></entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="2"><colspec colname="OFFSET" colwidth="63PT" align="left" /><colspec colname="1" colwidth="154PT" align="left" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry /><entry><xsd: element name=“portlet-name”</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="2"><colspec colname="OFFSET" colwidth="77PT" align="left" /><colspec colname="1" colwidth="140PT" align="left" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry /><entry>type=“string254”/></entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="2"><colspec colname="OFFSET" colwidth="63PT" align="left" /><colspec colname="1" colwidth="154PT" align="left" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry /><entry><xsd: element name=“description”</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="2"><colspec colname="OFFSET" colwidth="77PT" align="left" /><colspec colname="1" colwidth="140PT" align="left" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry /><entry>type=“string254”/></entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="2"><colspec colname="OFFSET" colwidth="49PT" align="left" /><colspec colname="1" colwidth="168PT" align="left" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry /><entry></xsd: sequence></entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="2"><colspec colname="OFFSET" colwidth="35PT" align="left" /><colspec colname="1" colwidth="182PT" align="left" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry /><entry></xsd: complexType></entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="2"><colspec colname="OFFSET" colwidth="21PT" align="left" /><colspec colname="1" colwidth="196PT" align="left" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry /><entry></xsd: element></entry></row><row><entry /><entry namest="OFFSET" nameend="1" align="center" rowsep="1" /></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

P-0039[0039] This fragment could be used to validate an XML document that described a portlet, for example. Both portlet-name and description have a data type of string<b>254</b> and since they occur in a sequence, an XML document being validated by this code fragment must also have portlet-name and description in the same order and with the same data types.

P-0040[0040] One embodiment may be implemented using a conventional general purpose or a specialized digital computer or microprocessor programmed according to the teachings of the present disclosure, as will be apparent to those skilled in the computer art. Appropriate software coding can readily be prepared by skilled programmers based on the teachings of the present disclosure, as will be apparent to those skilled in the software art. The invention may also be implemented by the preparation of integrated circuits or by interconnecting an appropriate network of conventional component circuits, as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

P-0041[0041] One embodiment includes a computer program product which is a storage medium (media) having instructions stored thereon/in which can be used to program a computer to perform any of the features presented herein. The storage medium can include, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical discs, DVD, CD-ROMs, microdrive, and magneto-optical disks, ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, DRAMs, VRAMs, flash memory devices, magnetic or optical cards, nanosystems (including molecular memory ICs), or any type of media or device suitable for storing instructions and/or data.

P-0042[0042] Stored on any one of the computer readable medium (media), the present invention includes software for controlling both the hardware of the general purpose/specialized computer or microprocessor, and for enabling the computer or microprocessor to interact with a human user or other mechanism utilizing the results of the present invention. Such software may include, but is not limited to, device drivers, operating systems, and user applications.

P-0043[0043] The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention has been provided for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to the practitioner skilled in the art. Embodiments were chosen and described in order to best describe the principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand the invention, the various embodiments and with various modifications that are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.