Soap preparation

Patented May 2, 1933

1,906,484

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

JOSEPH NUESSLEIN, OF LTT D WIG SHAFEN-ON-T HE-RHINE, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO L G. FARBENINDUSTRIE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, OF FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAIN, GERMANY

SOAF PREPARATION

No Drawing. Application filed March 26', 1931, Serial No. 525,603, and in Germany April 7, 1930.

The present invention relates to new and improved soap preparations.

,1 have found that particularly efficient soaps in different forms, such as curd soaps, 5 soap powders, soap flakes, soap shreds or similar soap preparations, preferably in the form of shaped products, can be obtained by working into soaps, derived from a water-soluble base, i. e. from an alkali metal 10 or from ammonia or amines, at least 5 per cent of their weight of the water-soluble acid or neutral esters prepared from polybasic oxygen-containing mineral acids, as for example sulphuric acid or phosphoric 15 acid, and non-aromatic, i. e. aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols or olefines or olefinic, alcohols having more than 8 carbon atoms, or of the true sulphonic acids, or their salts, of any non-armomatic, i. e. aliphatic or 20 hydroaromatic compounds containing at least 8 carbon atoms, preferably from 10. to 16 carbon atoms, as for example of acids of fats or oils of vegetable or animal origin, fatty acid esters, amides, or alcohols, ethers 25 or hydrocarbons, in which esters or amides or other derivatives the sulphonic group may be contained in the component of low molecular weight. Such products are obtainable, for example,· by the condensation 30 of hydroxylated or halogenated derivatives of ethane, mono- or di-sulphonic acid or of ethionic acid, carbyl sulphate or aminosulphojiic acids with higher fatty acids, such as the fatty acids of vegetal origin or their 35 synthetic equivalents, or their derivatives or salts of these compounds. These last-mentioned esters and amides correspond to the general formula R—CO—X—Ri—SO₂—Me, in which R denotes an aliphatic radicle, ⁴⁰ —XtoRi denotes an oxalylene (—O—R_x—) or an amino-alkylene radicle and Me deN- notes an alkali radicle. Thus, for example, ' acid sulphuric esters of high molecular al_4g cohols which have been obtained by the ° treatment of esters of fatty acids with hydrogen in the presence of catalysts or by the oxidation of paraffin hydrocarbons, may be very advantageously employed.

₅₀ The sulphuric esters employed according to the present invention may be obtained by treating the alcohols or olefines with sulphonating agents, such as concentrated sulphuric acid, at a temperature up to about 35° C. sulphonic acids being obtained on 55 working at about 100° C. or in the presence of agents removing water such as anhydrides of strong inorganic polybasic acids or with the aid of sulphuric anhydride.

The conversion of the said alcohols with 60 the oxygen-containing polybasic mineral acids may be carried out for the production of the sulphuric esters by treating the alcohols with sulphuric acid, or chlorsulphonic acid in the presence of organic inert dilu- 65 ents, and for the production of the phosphoric esters by acting with phosphorus pentoxide on the alcohols in the presence of organic inert diluents. Small portions of the initial materials which have not been 70 converted with the mineral acids, as for example fatty acids, neutral fats, paraffins and the like may be present in the finished product before it is incorporated with the soaps.

The quality of the aforesaid esters em- 75 ployed is at least 5 per cent by weight of the soaps but in most cases considerably above 5 per cent will be used, especially as the sensitivity of the preparations to hard water is thus diminished; the esters may 80 he employed, for example, in quantities of from 10, 20, 30, 50 or 80 per cent of the soap but for the aforesaid reasons quantities of from 100 to about 1000 per cent are preferred in order to render the preparations 85 particularly valuable for any purpose and in water of a high degree of hardness.

If desired, soap substitutes may be added as well as salts of all kinds and the soap preparations may be adulterated with pro- ⁰⁰tective colloids, as for example albumious substances, vegetable gums, starch and the like. For many purposes, especially for the dissolution and removal of fat, oil or like _9gstains, an addition of organic solvents to the soap preparations is advantageous. In order to produce special cosmetic pharmaceutical, insecticidal or germicidal effects, the known and approved substances 10C

1,006,484 for this purpose, as for example glycerine, perfumes, tar, sulphur, nicotine and the like, may be added.

The external form in which the soaps or 5 soap preparations are introduced into commerce depends on the purpose for which they are intended. Solutions, powder, stick or bar preparations may be prepared without difficulty.

¹⁰ The following examples will further illustrate the nature of this invention, but the invention is not restricted to these examples. The parts are by weight.

₁₅ Example 1 parts of the sodium salt of the acid sulphuric ester of cetyl alcohol are intimately worked up with 10 parts of potassium and/or sodium stearate and 10 parts of glyc20 erine and pressed into moulds. The product is eminently suitable as a bath soap.

Example 2 parts of the disodium salt of the sul25 phonic acid of stearic acid are ground with parts of Glauber’s salt, 10 parts of sodium palmitate and 10 parts of trisodium phosphate. A soap powder is obtained which has an excellent cleansing action.

Example 3 parts of the neutral sodium salt of the condensation product of oleic acid chlo₃₅ ride and ethionic acid (C₁₇H₃₃.CO.O.C₂H₄.SO₃H) are intimately mixed with 15 parts of sodium palmitate and 5 parts of sodium perborate.

₄₀ The product obtained has an excellent cleansing and bleaching action even in hard water. Similar results are obtained by employing taurine instead of ethionic acid.

Example I parts of the neutral ammonium salt of the acid sulphuric ester of stearyl alcohol together with 30 parts of ammonium oleate and 40 parts of water are kneaded into a ₅₀ homogeneous, paste. The preparation possesses a good cleansing action which may be increased by the addition of 5 parts of cyclohexanol.

Example 5

100 parts of a normal grain soap paste containing about 65 per cent of fatty acid is kneaded with a concentrated solution of 10 parts of the neutral sodium salt of the sulphuric ester of lauryl alcohol. The mix60 ture is worked up in the usual manner into shreds or flakes which are distinguished by their high solubility. ½ per cent by weight of the mass of purified lemon grass oil may be added in order to give a fresh smell to the soap.

Example 6 parts of a 14 per cent aqueous paste of the neutral salt of triethanolamine with the acid cetyl phosphoric ester are stirred into 100 parts of a freshly prepared, and still warm neutral triethanolamine soap of oleic acid. The resulting paste is distinguished by an especially mild action. It may be kneaded with about the same quantity of powdered pumice in order to prepare a highly efficient, preparation for washing hands.

Example 1 parts of an about 80 per cent aqueous so paste of the neutral sodium salt of the product obtained by the action of gaseous sulphur trioxide on dodecylene are worked into 100 parts of a solid coco soap. The soap preparation obtained has an excellent foam- 85 ing power.

For preparing a very good bath soap, from % to 1 per cent of a suitable perfume composition stable to alkali may be added.