polymer sheet, method of manufacture of polymer sheet, method of manufacture of multilayered interlayer and method of manufacture of multilayered panel

UKRAINE

(19) and A (11) 90705 (13) C2

(51) IPC (2009)

B32B 17 / 06B29, 7 / 00B29C 59/00

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SCIENCE OF UKRAINE

STATE DEPARTMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

DESCRIPTION

TO THE INVENTORY PATENT

(54) POLYMERIC LETTER, METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF POLYMERIC SHEET, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING OF A MULTIPLE BREAKER BOILER AND MANUFACTURE OF MANUFACTURING MULTILAYER PANEL

1

(21) a200710234

(22) Feb 22, 2006

(24) 25.05.2010

(86) PCT / 32006/006357, 22.02.2006

(31) 11 / 061,778

(32) 22.02.2005

(33) from

(46) May 25, 2010, No.10, 2010

(72) which is a vincent, from

(73) Solutia Incorporated, from

(56) of 5091258, February 25, 1992

EP 0710545, May 08, 1996

EP 0525403, 03.02.1993

EP 0185863, 02.07.1986

(57) 1. Polymer sheet comprising polyvinylbutyramide and plasticizer, characterized in that the polymer sheet has a surface with an index of less than 20,000 square micrometers, the roughness value of ρζ is at least 20 micrometers and a strength of 10-95.

2. The polymer sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer sheet is not contacted with another layer.

3. The polymer sheet according to claim 1, which differs by the fact that the value is P_ζ is at least 30 micrometers.

4. The polymer sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that the value of Pz is at least 35 millimeters.

5. The polymer sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer sheet has a second surface with an index of wavelength less than 20,000 square microns, the value of the roughness of Ρζ of at least 20 micrometers and the strength of 10-95.

6. A method for manufacturing a multilayered intermediate layer, which comprises a step in which the first polymer sheet is formed with the content of a lyvenyl butyral and a plasticizer, characterized in that the polymer sheet is formed with a first surface and a second surface, the first surface being formed with a wavelength of less than 20,000 square meters, a roughness value of ρζ of at least 20 micrometers and a strength of 10-95; the method further having a step on which the layer of the polymer film, in turn,

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are bundled in contact with the first surface of the firstpolymer sheet with the formation of a packet, and a step onwhich a pack is laminated.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first surface is formed with a wave index of less than 15,000 square microns.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the first surface is formed with a wave-toast index of less than 12,000 square microns.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the polymer film with the content of perethylene terephthalate is used.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein the first surface is formed with a value of P_ζ at least 30 micrometers.

11. The method of claim 6, wherein the first surface is formed with a value of Pz for at least 35 micrometers.

12. The method of claim 6, further comprising a step of lamination, in which a second polymeric sheet with a polyvinyl butyral and plasticizer in contact with a polymer film on the other side of the first polymer sheet is added to the stack, characterized in that the surface of the second poly- dimensional sheet placed in contact with a polymer film, with a wave index of less than 20,000 square microns, with a roughness value of ρζ of at least 20 micrometers and a strength of 10-95.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising the following steps before lamination: a step in which the first layer of glass is added to the first layer in contact with the first polymer sheet on the other side of the sha-ru of a polymeric film, and a step on which a second layer of glass in contact with the secondpolymer sheet on the other side of the layer with a polymeric film.

14. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of forming the first polymeric sheet comprises the following steps: a step in which the smooth polymeric layer is formed with the content of poly-vinyl butyral and plasticizer, and the smooth polymer layer is formed with a first surface with an indicator wavelengths less than 15000 square micrometers and the value of

iA (11) 90705 (13) C2

σ>

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the bone Ρζ is less than 15 micrometers, and the stage on which

carry out the stamping on the first surface of the

Our pattern of roughness with the manufacture of per-

of a polymer sheet.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the formation of a smooth polymer sheet comprises an extruder mouthpiece with a temperature of the edges of the mouthpiece of 170-230 ° C.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the formation of a smooth polymer sheet utilizes a stamping shaft with a mirror surface.

17. The method of claim 6, wherein the second surface is formed with a wave index of less than 20,000 square microns, a value of roughness of ρζ of at least 20 micrometers and a strength of 10-95.

18. A method for producing a polymer sheet comprising the step of forming a layer of an in-sto polyvinyl butyral and a plasticizer forming a first surface and a second surface and a wavelength index of less than 20,000 square micrometers, the value of the rigidity of ρζ less than 20 micrometers on the first surface , and a step on which the embossing of the first surface with a certain pattern of roughness with the manufacture of a polymer sheet is carried out, characterized in that the polymer sheet is formed with a wavelength index of less than 20,000 quadrant micrometers , the roughness value of ρζ is at least 20 micrometers and the strength of 10-95 on the side corresponding to the first surface of the layer.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the polymer sheet is formed with a wave index of less than 15,000 square microns.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the polymer sheet is formed with a wave index of less than 12,000 square microns.

21. The method of claim 18, wherein the polymer sheet is formed with a roughness value of ρζ of at least 30 micrometers.

22. The method of claim 18, characterized in that the polymer sheet is formed with a value of ρζ of at least 35 micrometers.

23. The method of claim 18, wherein the polymer sheet is formed with a strength of at least 50.

24. The method of claim 18, wherein the layer is formed with a roughness value of Rz for at least 5 micrometers.

25. The method of claim 18, further comprising a step on which the stamping of a layer on the second surface is carried out with a certain pattern of roughness, which is distinguished by the fact that the polymer sheet is formed with a wavelength of less than 20,000 square meters and a roughness value of ρζ at least 20 micrometers on the side that corresponds to the second surface layer.

26. A method for manufacturing a multilayered panel comprising the step of forming a first polymer sheet containing polyvinyl butyral and a plasticizer, characterized in that the polymer sheet is formed with a first surface and a second surface, the first surface being formed with a wavelength index of less than 20,000 square microns, the value of the roughness P_ζ at least 20 micrometers and a strength of 10-95, wherein this method further comprises a step on which the layer of a poly-dimensional film is placed in contact with the first top of the first polymer sheet to form a pint; the stage in which the glass layer is placed in a contact with the first polymer sheet on the other side of the polymer film, and the stage at which the bug is laminated.

The present invention relates to an industry of multi-layer glass panels comprising a polymeric sheet having the desired surface properties. In particular, the present invention extends to the field of bamboo glass panels containing polyvinyl lumbar, which has a finished surface with relatively low wavelength and high roughness , placed in contact with a layer of polyethylene terephthalate and (or) a layer of polyvinyl butyral of another type.

For sublimation of exothermic infrared solar radiation with the simultaneous passage of radiation in the visible region of the spectrum of multilayer glass panels, usually used layers of metals, metal compounds orother substances in the thickness of the order of angstrom or more. These layers may be placed in succession as packs and may be placed on any suitable substrate, such as a two-dimensionally tensile-wound polypropylene terephthalate (PET) film or similar material. One form, known as an interferential filter, contains at least one luminaire metal, placed between dielectric layers, which reduces or eliminates any reflection. When a metallized film is

as an interference filter, combines glass from a multi-layered glass, for example, an automobile and windscreen, to absorb a stroke from the head of a person in a vehicle or from a foreign object from the outside of the vehicle with the possibility of penetration through the windscreen, then usually they will be added to the prom - a layer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), a scattering impact. In a typical performance, one layer coated polyethylene terephthalate film is placed interlayers of a material of the type of polyvinyl butyral by creating a three-layer structure, which is then placed between two layers of glass. Polyvinyl ethylene terephthalate film is prepared between two layers of a material of a polyvinyl butyric type with the formation of a three-layer structure, which is then placed between two layers of glass.

The defect of optical quality, which can be especially noticeable at oblique angles of sight, can occur in such vague (non-split) glass panels as visually obvious, isotropic,

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a wave-like reflected image, which according to calculations has an amplitude of 0.002-0.012mm and a wavelength of 2.5-7.5mm. Then the text for him is used term "apple sauce". It is believed that apple sauce arises because the polyethylene layer, which reflects light obliquely from the angles of view, removes the layer from polyvinyl butter and perceive any non-linearity or wavelength, present on this layer of polyvinyl butyral. In colored multilayer glass using polyvinyl-butyral, if polyvinyl butyral layers are in contact with each other, there may be other unwanted visual defects, such as spotted dent (spotty colored appearance). For example, if the painted polyvinylbutyril is extruded with the uncolored polyvinyl butyral and the resulting layer is then laminated with other sha-frame or glass,

Several attempts have been made to mitigate the problem of apple sauce and spotting (see, for example, US Pat. Nos. 4,465,736, 4,973,511, and 5,091,258), but there is a need for further ways to reduce the sauces and spots. Accordingly, further advanced refinements and methods for improving the characteristics of polymer sheets and polystyrene from polyvinyl butyral, which are used in conjunction with a layer of a polymeric film, and, specifically, polyethylene terephthalate, without adversely affecting the optical characteristics of the resulting multi-layer structure.

In the present case, according to the present invention, deformed polymer sheets, which before lamination, have low wavelength and high roughness values, which makes it possible to produce multilayer laminated glass panels with some distortion containing layers of polyethylene terephthalate or multilayer laminated glass panels with small distortion, which are adjacent layers of the material of the type of polyvinyl butyral.

The polymer sheet is provided, which comprises: polyvinyl butyral and plasticizer, characterized in that said polymer sheet has a surface with a wavelength index of less than 20000 square micrometers, the value of roughness P_ζat least 20 micrometers and a constant of 10-95.

Also provided is a method for manufacturing a multi-layered intermediate layer comprising a step-stroke nasting step: a step in which the first poly-dimensional sheet is formed with the content of polyvinyl butyral and plasticizer, characterized in that the indicated polymer sheet forms with the first top and the second the surface, and the fact that the said first surface form with a wave index of less than 20,000 square micrometers, the value of roughness Ρζ of at least 20 micrometers and invariance 10-95; a step in which the layer of polymer film is placed in contact with said first surface of said first polymeric sheet to form a pack; and the stage at which the specified pack is laminated.

Also provided is a method of manufacturing a die-cast sheet, which comprises the following steps: the step of forming a layer with a polyvinyl lobutiral and plasticizer content which is different

the fact that the specified layer forms with the first surface and the second surface and with the index of wavelength on the indicated first surface less than 1,200 square micrometers and the value of the roughness Ρζ is less than 20 micrometers; and a step on which said ball is pressed against said first surface with a certain pattern of roughness for the fabrication of said polymer sheet, which is blistered by the fact that said polymer sheet forms with a wavelength index of less than 20000 square micrometers and a value of roughness P_ζat least 20 micrometers on the side corresponding to the first surface of the indicated layer.

Also provided is a method for manufacturing a multi-layer panel comprising the following steps: a step in which a first polymeric sheet with a content of polyvinyl butyral and plasticizer is formed, characterized in that said polymeric sheet forms with a first surface and a second surface, and the fact that the said first surface is formed with an index of wavelength less than 20,000 square micrometers, the value of the rigidity of Ρζ is at least 20 micrometers and unchanged 10 to 95; a step on which the layer of the polymer film is placed in contact with said first surface of said first polymer sheet by forming a pack; a step on which the glass layer stays in contact with said polymeric sheet on the other side of said polymeric film, and a step at which said pack is laminated.

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a layered polymeric film / polymer film.

According to the present invention, it has been found that a defect known as "apple sauce", which can occur in multilayer glass panels containing a sheet of polyvinyl butyric acid, placed in a contact with a layer of a polymeric film, such as a polyethylene terephthalate film, can be reduced by the use of the proposed polymers and (or) proposed methods. In addition, the defects of spot-toast can be reduced in a similar way. The proposed polymer sheets have a dujenic index of wavelength or AI, which is still the failure of the surface irregularity of the sheet, and the high value of the roughness of Ρζ, which is an indicator of smaller inequalities, which are, as a rule, intentional, on the surface of the sheet.

10 shown in FIG. 1, in general, 10, some of the embodiments of this invention provide a reduction of distortion that may occur as a result of the presence of the interface 12 between the polymeric sheet 14 and the polymer film layer 16. As further described below, the polymeric sheet 14 may be any material of the type of polyvinyl butyral, and the polymer layer film 16 may be any material such as polyethylene terephthalate. Typically, the multilayer glass panel may comprise a poly-dimensional sheet 14 and a layer of a polymeric film 16 as shown in FIG. 1 as well as a second layer of a polymeric sheet (not shown) placed in contact with the layer of a polymer film 16 on the other side of The specified polymer sheet 14. This three-layer structure

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can therefore be placed between two layers of glass from

the formation of a multilayered glass panel.

The formation of the proposed polymer sheet includes the manufacture of a polymer sheet, which has a low wavelength index and a high level of roughness. The low wavelength index of the polymer sheet 14 reduces the appearance of apple juice and (or) spot in the finished glass panel due to a reduction in distortion on the surface of the combination 12 between the polymer sheet 14 and the layer of the polymer film 16 or between the two layers of the polymer sheet (not shown), and the high value of the hardness makes it possible deaeration of layers during lamination. In various embodiments of this embodiment, a low index of wavelength and high roughness can have one or both surfaces of a polymer sheet.

Polymer sheets are produced, offered by the proposed method. Also provided is a method for manufacturing a polymer sheet, which includes the following stages: the stage at which a polymer sheet with a low wavelength index and low shorescence is produced; and the stage at which this surface of the polymeric sheet is pressed with a certain pattern of roughness to give it a high value of roughness.

Previous attempts to reduce or eliminate egg-meadow sauce include, among other things, the production of a plasticized layer of polyvinyl butyra-lju, which had a low wavelength index. Cryopreservation often ended in obtaining layers that did not have the required qualities, since the value of the hardness of the resulting smooth layer was low, which created difficulties in the laminating stages of the assembly process. Other attempts to reduce the white sauce include a method in which a layer of a polymeric film, such as a film made of polyethylene terephthalate, is placed between two layers of polyvinyl ether, rolled to form a three-layer plastic, and therefore pressurize on the exposed surfaces of layers of polyvinyl butyral ( see Japanese Patent Application No. 59223256). Laminating of a smooth polyvinyl butyral by polyethylene-rephthalate may cause difficulties at the deaeration stage of the lamination process.

A method for manufacturing a polymeric sheet with a low wavelength index and a high roughness value is proposed which reduces or eliminates apple sauce and other optical defects that may occur when a polymer film is used in conjunction with a polymer sheet such as a sheet of polyvinyl butyral, or defects that may occur when using a plurality of polyvinyl butyral layers.

In a first stage, various embodiments of this invention are made of a polymer sheet with an index of wavelength on one or both surfaces (and not necessarily the same) of less than 20000 square microns, less than 5,000 square meters, less than 12,000 square microns, less than 10,000 square microns, less than 8,000 square micrometers, less than 6000 square microns or less than 5000 square micrometers and a roughness value less than 15 micrometers, less than 12 micrometers, less than 10 micrometers,

less than 9 micrometers, less than 8 micrometers, less than 7 micrometers, less than 6 micrometers or less than 5 micrometers, with the above values ​​for the wave index and the value of roughness can be combined in any combination. In various embodiments of this invention, Shi and Zz are respectively less than 20,000 square micrometers and less than 20 micrometers, less than 15,000 square micrometers and less than 10 micrometers, less than 15,000 square microns and less than 7 micrometres or less than 15,000 square micrometers and less than 5 micrometers. The values ​​given in thisparagraph, is the value of wavelength and roughness before embossing.

In the next stage of these embodiments, a relatively smooth surface or surface is pressed with a certain pattern of roughness. This drawing may show any suitable drawing, and in various embodiments this results in a polymer sheet having a final value (after the stamina value) of at least 20 microns, at least 25 micrometers, at least 30 micrometers, at least 35 micrometers, at least 45 micrometers or at least 55 micrometers. Since this stage of embossing is carried out by the dolamination of this layer with polyethylene terephthalate or glass or another layer of polyvinyl butyral, the embossed surfaces make it possible to have a very good deaeration between the layers of the finished product.

When using the proposed methods, it is determined that polimernilists with one or both surfaces with an extremely low wavelength and relatively high roughness values ​​can be manufactured. In particular, in various embodiments of the invention, the polymeric sheet after stamping a roughness pattern has a wavelength of less than 20,000 square meters, less than 15,000 square microns, less than 12,000 square microns, less than 10,000 square micrometers, less than 8,000 square microns, less than 6,000 square microns or less than 5000 square micrometers and a roughness value of at least 20 micrometers, at least 25 micrometers, at least 30 micrometers, at least 35 micrometers, at least 45 micrometers, or at least 55 micrometers, and the above values ​​for the wavelength index and the value of tightness can be combined in any combination that is required. The values ​​given in thisparagraph, is the value of wavelength and roughness after embossing. For these and other embodiments, which show both Shi and the value of a roughness indicator, part of the present invention is also an appropriate further variants, in which only the calculated values ​​of roughness without Shi are used to describe the polymer sheet.

In addition to the values ​​of Xi and the roughness index, the proposed polymer sheets are also characterized by their immutability, which is an indicator of the change in the fine topography of the sheet surface. The invariability for one or both surfaces of a polymer sheet can be determined in the order described below.

The proposed polymer sheets, made of low roughness and low wavelength and pressed to a high roughness value, may

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You value the invariance from 95 to 10. These limits are essentially different from polymer sheets, in which for obtaining the roughness of the surface rely solely on cracking the melt. These polymer sheets usually have a value of 100 or close to 100. The value of the invariance, which applies to the polymer sheet, will depend on the desirable use and conditions of the technological process of lamination, which can be used. For applications where the apple sauce needs to be maximized, for example, the proposed polymer sheets may have a value of less than 40, less than 30 or less than 20, which does not mean that the apple sauce does not decrease in other embodiments with higher values ​​of the same. In other embodiments, in which a specific reduction of other defects is required, the polymer sheet can be given a value of 60-95, 65-90 or 70-80. Other values ​​of immutableness used in different variants of this invention are 10-30, 30-50 and 50-95, 50-90, or 50-85.

The values ​​of the invariance given in this paragray can be combined with the above values ​​of roughness and wavelength after the stamping of any combination.

The value of the immutability of the proposed polymer sheets can be adjusted by changing, for example, any of the following parameters: the change in the pressure of the contact shaft air, designed to hold the material in the shaft (shaft) for embossing and / or calendaring, with higher pressure higher immutability; an increase in the temperature of the surface of the polymer by contact or non-contact methods, for example, with the use of infrared heaters, with higher temperatures causing greater immutability; and a change in the speed of the line for adjusting the intensity of heat removal by the polymer, with lower line speeds cause greater immutability.

By changing the invariance, the proposed poly-dimensional sheet can be made acceptable for a particular technological process. For example, the immutability of 25-40 can be used for the process with the use of a forpress with a clamping roll, and the immutability of 50-80 can be used for technological process with the use of forpress with a vacuum bag.

The production of a polymer sheet that is sufficiently smooth to obtain the above value before embossing, that is, having a sufficiently low wavelength index and the value of roughness, can be achieved by changing the normal production of a polymer sheet in the following way.

For production methods in which the mold-piece for extrusion is used for the production of a polymer sheet, an extremely smooth layer can be made by increasing the temperature of the edge of the die so that it enables the production of sheets having the above-mentioned parameters of the wavelength and roughness index. In various embodiments, the temperature of the edges of the mouthpiece is maintained at 170-230 ° C, 190-210 ° C or 195-205 ° C.

For applications in which the friction cloth is used for the production of polymer sheets, smoothness can be achieved with the use of a casting shaft with a mirror polishing made, for example, of chromium, which does not have either a very slight roughness or wavelength of the surface, and / or use high temperature knife blade. In other embodiments, in order to achieve the same effect, a casting shaft with mirror polishing is used. Generally, the wavelength of the sheet is similar to the wavelength of the mouthpiece shaft, and hence the wavelength of the mouthpiece shaft must be supported at levels that are commensurate with the required wavelength of the finished sheet. Naturally, it is clear to a specialist that the used production parameters depend on the melt of a polymer used in a machine that is used to make a polymer sheet,

The second stage, which is a stamping of the roughness pattern on a smooth polymer sheet, can be carried out in any suitable manner, for example, using embossed calendaring shafts having a drawing of roughness to create a rotating drawing ("negative image" ) on one or both surfaces of a polymer sheet. The re-causative effect of this stage is to increase the meaning of roughness to desirable higher values. Between the point of extrusion of the sheet and different stages of the method, one or more additional rollers can be used depending on the need to send and form sheets.

The following different options are proposed.

In various embodiments, there is provided a polymer sheet, for example, a polyvinyl butyral having at least one surface with the above values ​​of AI and PZ after stamping. A polymer sheet is also offered, for example, from polyvinyl butyral, which has two surfaces with the above values ​​of AI and P_ζ after stamping

Also offered is a polymer sheet, for example, of polyvinyl butyral, which has one or two surfaces with the above values ​​of AI and PZ after stamping, and the layer is not in contact withany other layers, but is a single polymer sheet, not placed in anylayer material.

In various embodiments, a multilayer intermediate layer for use in a multilayer glass is provided, the intermediate layer being a polymer sheet, for example, with a polyvinyl butyral which, prior to lamination of this surface to a polymer film, for example, of polyetylene terephthalate, has a surface with the above values ​​of AI and PZ after stamping.

Any polymer sheet or multilayer intermediate layer which has a polymer sheet and a polymer film made by any of the proposed methods is provided.

In various embodiments, there is provided a method for manufacturing a multilayered glass pan-

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lt; / RTI & gt; in which a polymer sheet of this invention is packed in a packet with one or more polymeric films or polymer sheets, forming an intermediate layer.

In various embodiments, there is provided a method of manufacturing a multilayer glass pane, in which the proposed polymer sheet is packed in a packet of one or more polymeric films or polymer sheets, forming an intermediate sharp, and therefore form a multi-layer glass pane by laminating an intermediate layer between two layers of glass. These panels can be any type of multilayerstructure of glass, including amongst other architectural glass and windscreens.

In various embodiments, a glass fiber or a window glass, which contains any of the proposed polymer sheets or interlayer layers, is provided.

In various embodiments, a method is provided for manufacturing a multilayered intermediate layer in which a polymer sheet is formed with both surfaces of a polymer sheet with the indicated values ​​prior to embossing; the embossing of a polymer sheet on one or two of the two surfaces is obtained by obtaining a surface with the above values ​​after the stamping, and laminate in a polymeric sheet in a polymeric film, and in a polymeric film placed on the embossed surfacepolymer sheet.

In other embodiments, the polymer film is molded between two polymer sheets, in which case one or two of the surfaces of polymeric sheets with a polymeric film are manufactured according to the present invention. In other embodiments, the three-layer intermediate layer, which has just been described, is laminated between two layers of glass. As the first example, some embodiments may have more than one polymer film, for example, may have the following structure: polymeric film / polymer film / polymer sheet / polymer film / polymer sheet.

In still another embodiment, a structured glass / polymer sheet / polymer film can be formed by laminating a polymer sheet and a polymer film, and then laminating this coating to glass, or by laminating all three together at the same time. In this embodiment, any of the proposed polymeric sheets may be used. In the usual cases, applications, which use this three-layer fabrication, a layer of polymer film, which is typically a film made of polyethylene terephthalate, is typically thicker than the polymer films used for the implementation of the structure with glass / sheet / film / sheet / glass. This additional thickness is essential to obtain a tougher finish that can prevent deformation that affects the optical defects that normally occur if the second hard glass is not used to support the polymeric layers.

the proposed polymer sheets provide a better reduction of optical defects.

This invention can also be used to reduce the defect, known as gradient spontaneity. Gradient spotty is a defect that is observed in windshields made of gradient polyvinyl butyral and similar polymers in which polyvinylbutyrilum of dark color is disintegrated in a layer of transparent polyvinyl butyral. A gradient (shaded) part of the windshield may have heterogeneous dark and light zones. In some cases, the windscreen also includes a fuse made of polyether-linterephthalate for protection from the sun. In this case, gradient spotting and apple sausel may occur simultaneously.

In applications where the use of pigments, paints or other materials is used to create a window glass, for example, a dark area, the manufacture of a polymer sheet with the use of the proposed methods will result in - in different embodiments, the product with the above values ​​up to after stamping Furtherlabeling of a polymer sheet, which has a glass gradient with other layers or bottoms, will reduce gradient spotting. Accordingly, embodiments are proposed in which the proposed methods produce a polymeric sheet with a gradient of color, as well as multilayered glass panels containing polymeric materials.

Other variants of implementation improve BAASpellarity, which may arise on architectural painted layered materials with layers of translucent and colored polyvinyl butyral ukontakte with each other. BAS spotting has a look-alike, similar to gradient spotting. Various embodiments of this invention include architectural multilayered glass panels, which have several layers of polymer sheet. These embodiments of this invention include methods for making a structure of several polymer sheets in which two or more polymer sheets, at least one of which are made by the proposed methods, are put in contact with each other and, in fact, with a layer of polymer films, for example, of polyethylene terephthalate, and layers of glass, and apothetically laminate in the finished product. These embodiments include two sheets of polymer of poly-vinyl butyral type, laminated in contact with each other, and either one or both of the polymer sheets may have one or both surfaces with the values ​​given before and after the stamping in this document, and one of the two polymer sheets may contain a paint. In other embodiments, the proposed polymeric sheet is contacted with another polymer sheet and no polymer sheet contains a pigment or paint.

Polymer film

The layer of polymer film 16 shown in Fig.1 may be any suitable thermoplastic film, which is commonly used as a chandelier for enhancement of performance in multi-layer glass panels. In various embodiments, the layer of polymeric film 16 has a thickness of 0.013-0.20 mm, preferably 0.025-0.1 mm, or 0.04-

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0.06mm In order to improve one or more properties such as interlacing or reflection of infra-red radiation, the polymeric film layer 16 may optionally be subjected to surface treatment or coating. These layers for enhancement of performance include, for example, a multilayer structure for reflecting infrared solar radiation and transmitting a Y-beam in the visible spectrum when it is in the sun. This multilayer structure is known (see, for example, SHO 88/01230 and US Patent 4,799,745) and may contain, for example, layers of resin in the thickness of one or more angstroms and one or more (for example, two) further applying optically interacting dielectric layers. As is also known (see, e.g., US Patents 4,017,661 and 4,786,783),

The layer of the polymer film 16 in some embodiments is optically transparent (i.e., a concrete observer looking through this layer on one side, it is easy to see the objects that lie next to the other side of this layer) is, of course, larger (in some embodiments, -ignificantly larger), the stretching module is independent of the composition than that of the adjacent plural-dimensional sheet 14. In various embodiments, the polymeric film layer 16 is a thermoplastic material. Thermoplastic materials having suitable properties relate to nylons, polyurethanes, acrylic resins, polycarbonates, polyolefins such as polypropylene, acetate cellulose and triacetate, vinyl chloride polymers and copolymers, and the like. In various embodiments, the layer of polymeric film 16 is a co-material, such as, as biaxially stretched thermoplastic films that have marked properties, which include polyester, for example, polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene glycoltenephthalate (PPGET). In various embodiments, polyethylene terephthalate is used, and in different embodiments the polyethylene terephthalate is biaxially tensioned to increase strength and stabilized for low shrinkage characteristics at elevated temperatures (for example, shrinkage less than 2% in both directions after 30 minutes at + 150 ° C WITH).

Late coating and surface treatment methods for polyethylene terephthalate films that can be used in conjunction with this invention were disclosed in the published European patent application No. 0157030.

Polymer sheet

This section describes the various materials that can be used for the production of pro-polymerized sheets shown as Element 14 in FIG. 1, which have properties that are suitable for their use as an intermediate layer in non-splinting (glass-free) glass, such as polyvinyl butyra-rally.

The term "polymer sheet", in the sense in which it is used in this specification, means any polymer composition, converted to a suitable layer by a suitable means suitable for use

as an intermediate layer in a laminated structure of a glass. The term "resin", in the sense in which it is used in this disclosure, relates to a polymer (e.g., polyvinyl butyral) component that is removed from a mixture obtained as a result of acid catalysis and further neutralization of the anterior faces of the polymer. The resin will typically have other components in addition to the polymer, for example, polyvinyl butyral such as acetate, salts and alcohols. The term "melt", in the sense in which it is used in this description, refers to a melt mixture of resin with a plasticizer and , fakultate-in, other impurities.

Polymer sheets produced by the methods described in this document are part of this invention and are included in the scope of the invention.

The proposed polymeric sheets may be any suitable polymer, and in the preferred embodiment described in the example above, the polymer sheet contains polyvinyl butyral. In any of the embodiments of this winebox, as set forth herein, which contain polyvinyl butyral as a polymeric component of a polymeric lens, another embodiment is included in which the polymer component is composed or consists essentially of polyvinyl butyral. In these embodiments, any polymerization sheet, which has a polymer consisting of or consisting essentially of polyvinyl butyral, may be used in any of the adjuvants, including plasticizers, disclosed in this document.

In one embodiment, the polymer sheet is a polymer based on the partially acetylated polyvinyl alcohols. In another embodiment, the polymer sheet is a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene vinyl acetate, their combinations, and the like. In one embodiment, the polymer sheet is polyvinyl butyral. In another embodiment, the polymer sheet is plasticized polyvinyl butyral. In further embodiments, the polymer sheet is polyvinyl butyral and one or more other polymers. Other polymers with suitable temperature can be used. In any of the sections of this description, in which preferred frontiers, values ​​and (or) methods are specified specifically for polyvinyl butyral (for example,

For embodiments containing polyvinyl-lbutylal, polyvinyl butyral can be prepared by known methods of acetalization, which include a reaction of polyvinyl alcohol (RUN) with a commercially available acid in the presence of acid. In various embodiments, the polymer sheet is polyvinyl butyral having a molecular weight at least 30,000, 40,000, 500,000, 55,000,60000, 65,000, 70000, 120,000, 250,000, or at least

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The amount of dialdehyde or trialdehyde may also be added in the acetalization step to increase the molecular weight to at least 350,000 g / mol (see, for example, U.S. Patents 4,902,464, 4,848,144, 4 814 529, 4 654 179). The term "molecular weight" in the sense in which it is used in good description, means the average molecular weight. For the manufacture of the proposed polymeric leaves, you can use any proper way. Details of suitable methods for making polyvinyl butyl are known to those skilled in the art (see, for example, US Patents 2,282,057 and 2,282,026). In one embodiment, the solvent method described in the article "Vinyl Acetal Polymers", EpsuRiBiOiSuRuuTgSspeps & ThesiPiood, 3 ™ ebiIiP, UoIte8, Radee 381-399, LWE, can be used. Shabe (2003). In the other embodiment, use the method described in it. Polyvinyl butyral is commercially available in various forms, for example, by the company Zoyiyia Ips., St. Louis, Missouri, as well as Via Viag ™.

Various means of coupling control, including sodium acetate, potassium acetate and magnesium salt, can be used in the proposed polymer sheets. Magnesium salts which may be used in the abovementioned embodiments of the present invention include, among others, magnesium salts disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,728,472 such as salicylic magnesium, magnesium nicotinate, magnesium di-2-aminobenzoate, dividend-3- hydroxy-2-naphthoate of magnesium and magnesium bis-2-ethyl butyrate (number in Seyetesis Ayyagasey79992-76-0). In various embodiments, the delivery of a derivative of magnesium salt is bis-2-ethylbutyrate of magnesium.

In order to improve the performance in the finished product, impurities can be added to the polymer sheet. These impurities include, among others, plastifiers, paints, pigments, stabilizers (e.g., ultraviolet stabilizers), anti-oxidants, anti-adhesives, flame retardants, IR absorbers, combinations of the aforementioned dispersants, known to those skilled in the art.

In various embodiments of the proposedpolymer sheets, polymer sheets can contain20-60, 25-60, 20-80, or 10-70 particles of plasticizate torus per hundred parts of resin. Of course, other quantities may be used, depending on the particular application. In some embodiments, the plasticizer has a hydrocarbon segment of less than 20, less than 15, less than 12, or less than 10 carbon atoms.

The amount of plasticizer can be adjusted to influence the glass transition temperature (Td) of the folding of the polyvinyl butyral. In general, to reduce Tddadayut large quantities of plasticizer. The proven polyvinyl butyral polymers may have a Td equal to + 40 ° C or lower, + 35 ° C or lower, + 30 ° C or lower, + 25 ° C or below, + 20 ° C or lower, and + 15 ° C or lower.

Any suitable plasticizers may be added to the polymer resins to form polymer sheets. The plastifiers used in the proposed polymer sheets may include, among others, multilayer esters

toosnovnoyi acid or polyhydric spyrtu.Prydatni plasticizers include, for example, triethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, tryetylenhli count b-bis-2-etylheksanoat, tryetylenhlikoldyhep-tanoat, tetraetylenhlikoldyheptanoat, dyheksy-ladypat, dioktyladypat, heksyltsykloheksyladypat, and mixtures heptyl- noniladypativ , diisinonyl disipate, heptylnonilidipate, dibutyl sebaccinate, polymeric plasticizers such as sebacin alcohols, and mixtures of phosphates and adipates, such as those disclosed in US Patent No. 3,841,890, and adipates, such as those disclosed in US Pat. No. 4, 1 44 217, and mixtures and compounds of the aforementioned compounds. Other suitable plasticizers that may be used are mixed adipets derived from C4-C9 alkyl alcohols and C4-C10 cycloports, as disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,013,779, and esters of C6-C8 adipates, for example, hexyladipate .

Polyvinyl butyral and admixture of the plasticifier can be thermally treated and formulated in the form of a sheet by known methods modified by the method described above to obtain a polymer sheet having the necessary values ​​of the wavelength and roughness before embossing. One exemplary method of forming a sheet of polyvinyl butyral comprises the step of extruding the molten polyvinylbutyril which contains a resin, a plasticizer and impurities (hereinafter referred to as a "melt") by melting the melt through an extruder die (e.g., an extruder mouthpiece, whose hole is much larger in one direction than in the direction perpendicular to it). Another exemplary method of forming a sheet of polyvinyl butyl includes a stage in which the melt is poured from the mouthpiece of the extruder onto the shaft, the stage at which the resin is formed, and the subsequent stage, on which a confirmed moss is removed as a sheet. In different embodiments, polymer sheets can have a thickness of 0.1-2.5 millimeters, 0.2-2.0 millimeters, 0.25-1.75 millimeters and 0.3-1.5 millimeters (mm )

Also provided are packs or rolls of any of the proposed polymer sheets disclosed herein, in any combination.

In addition, a multilayered, non-spliced ​​glass containing a glass layer, which typically contains silicon dioxide, is in contact with any of the embodiments of the polymeric sheet / polymer film structure according to this invention. Also offered is a multilayer unpolluted (split) glass, which contains at least twoscreen sheets with any of the proposed structure-tour polymer sheet / polymer film, placed between them.

Also offered are windscreen, window glass and other finished glass products that contain any of the proposed multilayered structures.

Further, various characteristics of polymer sheets and / or multilayer glass for use in the present invention are described.

The wavelength index or AI and the value of the blackout or PZ can be determined as follows.

In order to determine ρζ, the test strain of a plasticized polymer sheet of size

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15x15 cm of rum is placed on a vacuum platform maintained at room temperature by means of a fluid circulating through them. In order to draw a sample from the surface of the platform, a vacuum of 5 psi-psi (approx. 34 kPa) is applied. For direct measurement of the roughness of the sheet surface on each side of the test specimen, a profilometer is used to measure the texture of the surface. The permetometer of the model 58P with the drive mechanism of the PFC and the drawing pen, PTPH-250 (the manufacturer - the company Mapg Oade Co., New- York) You set the profile on the device to "P". The drawing line automatically moves on the surface of the sample. The length of each curve of the recorder is 17.5 mm and consists of 7 consecutive measurements of length I__at 2.5mm Length-to-measure is equal to 12.5mm and consists of 5 measurements (the first and last segments are not taken into account). Determine the mean value of the individual roughness depths for these five sequential measurement segments, and Ρζ is the average value of ten of these definitions: five, executed in the machining direction of extrusion (MJ) and five, executed in a transverse machine direction (SMO). The distance between two consecutive curves in each direction is 3mm.

In order to determine the values ​​of the indicators of the MI volatility, use the aforementioned Pyrometer with the profile selection set to "M". For this measurement, the length of the drawing is 56 mm and the length of the measurement is 40 mm.

The length of the measurement 40mm consists of five measuring segments of 8mm in length (the two finite lengths of 8mm do not take into account). Using the output digital data from a removable connection on the back of the permetometer, the variable output waveform signal from Perthome-tra electronic is fed to the computer 'uter. There are ten curves: five curves removed in the machine direction of extrusion, and five curves in the transverse machine direction with a distance of 3 mm between two consecutive curves. The program loaded on the computer (and as set forth herein) calculates one value of the MI on the input signal of ten curves.

The value of the MI for the surface of the sheet of polymer, for example, a sheet intended to use the quality of automotive windscreen, is then calculated by averaging 100 individual values ​​of the MI for evenly distributed points of selection across the entire surface of the sheet.

The same calculations can be performed for the opposite surface, and, as indicated in this description, can give similar or other results depending on the method of manufacture and the desired vio-bu. In various embodiments of the present invention, at least 90 of the 100 values ​​obtained are within ± 20% of the mean for 100 values, ± 15% of the mean value, ± 10% of the mean value, ± 5% of the mean value, or ± 2 % of the average for the 100 values. Unless otherwise provided in the claims, it is provided in the claims

given MI for the surface of the polymeric sheet, at least 90 of the 100 values ​​obtained in the measurement process described above are found within ± 20% of the mean for 100 values.

When using the above Pertome-tra, other provisions of the tweaking reciprocator for roughness are as follows: "RIiye (filter): Οδ", "Profile": M ',' Bs: N 8.0 t (tt) ',' BT: 5600 "," HV: 625 "(for micrometers). For the short-range settings, the settings are as follows:" RIiEg: Οδ "," RgOiIe: R "," I_C: N 2.5 tT "," I_T: 17.5 t "," UV : 625tigotiegez ".

The proposed polymer sheets are also characterized by their "strength", which is determined in the following order. For embossed polymer sheets measurements of the polymer sheet are carried out for the determination of P_ζ (P_ζ Vase is the initial value of P_ζ) before embossing. After the stamping, a second measurement is carried out to find Ρζ (Ρζ RipI - os-caudal value Ρζ). For non-embossed polymer sheets, measurements of the polymer sheet for the determination of Pz are carried out, and the indicated Pz RipI and Pz Vas are taken equal to zero. Because for embossed, and for non-embossed sheets of polymeric sheets, cut a sample in the form of a square with a side of 12.7 centimeters. A piece of polyethylene terephthalate in the form of a square with a side of 14 centimeters claves on a wooden frame, which rests on a horizontal, horizontal surface, and the perimeter of the frame is slightly smaller than that of a polymer sheet. On the polyethylene terephthalate film, a sample of a polymer sheet is clamped , and therefore, on the surface of the polymer sheet, put another polyethylene terephthalate film. Then place a second frame over the layers in the laminar. The frames are then compressed with binder clamps. After this, the frames and polymers are placed in a preheated oven for 5 minutes at + 100 ° C. Therefore, the extraction is taken out of the oven and left to cool. Then determine a different value P_ζ for a sample of a polymer sheet (Pg 100 ° C).

After this, the following formula can determine the mantle:

Non-changeable =

(P.₂100 ° C) - (P₂Vase)

(P.₂RilaI) - (P.₂Vase)

x100

Transparency of a polymer sheet and, in particular, polysilicon of polyvinyl butyral can be determined by measuring the value of turbidity, which serves as a quantitative estimate of light not passed through the sheet. The percentage turbidity can be measured in the following way. The device for the determination of turbidity, the model û25 (manufacturer NipiegazAszosiaEz, Reston, Virginia), can be used in accordance with the American Association for Testing Materials ΑδΤΜ01003-61 (re-approved in 1977), Proce-dura A , with the use of the illuminator C with an angle of view of the observer of 2 degrees. In various embodiments of the present invention, the percentage turbidity is less than 5%, less than 3% and less than 1%.

Crash coupling can be determined by the following method, and when in the present description for

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the quantitative determination of the adhesion of the polymeric lens with the glass is mentioned "when breaking", for determining the adhesion in the split use the following method. Samples of a two-layer glass are prepared under standard conditions of lamination in an autoclave. The layered materials are cooled to a temperature of about -17 ° C (0 ° F) and manually beat a hammer to break the glass. After that, all the broken glass, which was not caught with a sheet of polyvinyl butyral, was removed, and the amount of glass that was hinged in with a sheet of polyvinyl butyral was visually compared with a set of standards. These ethos correspond to the scale of various glass sizes, which remained fortified with a sheet of polyvinyl butyra-lue. In particular, the standard 0 corresponds to the situation, when the glass is not left bound to the sheet of polyvinyl butyral. Etalon 10 corresponds to the situation when 100% of the glass remained trapped with a sheet of polovinylbutrylate. For the proposed multi-panel glass panels, various embodiments have a value of at least 3, at least 5 at least 8, at least 9, or 10 in size. Other embodiments have an effect at breaking down of 8-10 inclusive.

The "index of yellowness" of a polymer sheet can be defined as follows. The transparent sheets of polymeric sheet are prepared with a thickness of 1 cm, which have smooth surfaces, practically flat and parallel. The indicator is determined in accordance with the method LZMM Â1925 "Standard method for determining the yellowness of plastics" by the coefficient of propagation of light in the visible spectrum determined by means of a spectrophotometer. Values ​​are adjusted to a thickness of 1 cm, using a measurable thickness of samples. In various embodiments, the yellowness index is less than 0.6; 0.5 or 0.25

Example 1

The first multilayer glass panel is fabricated with the following layers:

glass / polyvinyl butyral / polyethylene terephthalate / polyvinyl butyral / glass, with polyethylene terephthalate is Mylar Miyag® with a thickness of 0.05 millimeters, and polyvinyl butyral layers, each thicker than 0.38 millimeters, are made by known methods.

The second multilayer glass panel is made with the following layers:

glass / polyvinyl butyral / polyethylene terephthalate / polyvinyl butyral / glass, with polyethylene terephthalate is Mylar Miyag® thickness of 0.05 millimeters, and polyvinyl butyral layers, each thicker than 0.38 millimeters, are made by proposed means.

Subjective analysis of these two multilayered glass panels shows that the first panel is visible "apple sauce", while the second one is not - no.

Приклад 2

A sheet of polyvinyl butyral with a thickness of 0,76 milli-meters (the first sheet) is co-extruded withex-pigmented paint. The letter has meaningful

AI 13000 and PZ 15 microns. The sheet is embossed to Pz40 microns and AI 16000. After this, the laminate is between two panels of glass.

The second sheet of polyvinyl butyral is made by known methods and has a thickness of 0,76 millimeters and Ρζ 35. The second sheet is also laminated between two panels of glass.

The results show that in the second leaf, the pleasure is visible, but in the first -nye. Softwareprovision for the formation of images suggests that for the first letter the value of the value ofplosities is 3.9, and for the second - 14.5.

Due to the present invention, in this case, a sheet of polyvinyl butyral and another polymer-sheet with high optical properties when used together with various other polymeric sheets can be used. When using the proposed methods, polymer sheets and multilayer coatings, the problem of "apple sauce" and spots can be reduced or eliminated.

Although the embodiments of the present invention are described in various embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many other transformations can be carried out within the scope and scope of the present invention.

Although the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, within the scope of the invention, changes can be made to replace its elements with equivalents. In addition, modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the present invention in terms of its volume. Therefore, the invention is not limited to particular embodiments disclosed as the best route for the present invention, but includes all embodiments that fall into the volume of the added formula of the invention.

It is also understood that any boundaries, meanings or specifications given for any particular component may be interchangeably utilized with any boundaries, values, or characteristics provided for any other component of the invention, if they are compatible, for generating an implementation embodiment that has the value values ​​for each of the components described in this specification. For example, a polymeric sheet can be made with a topography of the surface inany limits, given in addition to any boundaries given for the plasticizer, toprovide many permutations within the scope of the invention.

Any of the entries in FIG. 1, as set forth in the abstract or in any of the claims in the claims, are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claimed invention by any one specific embodiment. , represented on any of Fig. 1. Unless otherwise specified, the figures presented are not on a scale.

Each source of information, including articles in magazines, patents, applications and books, specified in this description, is hereby incorporated into it by reference.

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Table

Variables and values ​​for the program ZiB Ztoo1pЮa1a ()

<tr><td><p>Variable</p></td><td><p>Definition</p></td><td><p>Value</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>M</p></td><td><p>Minimum delta space to count as a peak or depression (by the number of points)</p></td><td><p>57.5 (varies depending on the number of data points on each curve)</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>B</p></td><td><p>Minimum elevation altitude for counting as beak or depression</p></td><td><p></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>NTPTF</p></td><td><p>The total number of data points per crypt</p></td><td><p>5760</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>ΝΡ</p></td><td><p>The number of peaks or cavities</p></td><td><p></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>ΡΛΟΤ1</p></td><td><p>[Coefficient] transforms the data of the permeter into microns</p></td><td><p>0.038</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>ΡΛΟΤ3</p></td><td><p>Coefficient of conversion of the number of points inmcrone</p></td><td><p>10 / NTPTF</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>ΝΤΓΒΟΒε</p></td><td><p>The number of curves</p></td><td><p>10</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>RZYM</p></td><td><p>Average step</p></td><td><p></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>RZYZ</p></td><td><p>Standard deviation for step</p></td><td><p></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>NZI</p></td><td><p>Average height</p></td><td><p></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>NZZ</p></td><td><p>Standard deviation for height</p></td><td><p></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>RIRT</p></td><td><p>The average value of the middle step for the 10 curves</p></td><td><p></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>RINT</p></td><td><p>The average value of the average height for the 10 curves</p></td><td><p></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>ΜνΙάχ</p></td><td><p>Wavelength index / 1000</p></td><td><p></p></td></tr>

Program 8iT 8tooIng) aIa ()

1550 Operator selection of the comment: The filter draws and records Ht and Pt1555 KIRt = 0 'KIRt - the loaded average Pm

1560 RINT = 0 'KINT - downloaded average Nm value

1615 For i = 1 to lithiumasex

1620 E = 0

1625 For k = 1 to 150

1630 U (k) = 0 'U - height of the cavity

1635 RK (k) = 0 'TC - peak height

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1640 P (k) = 0 'T is the point of the sample that corresponds to the extreme value

1645 Next to

1650 For) = 1 to NTPTF

'Updating the current status bar (event log)

If) = Μιιίίρ! Β * ΝΡΤΡΤ / 10, then Re /% = 10 * (ı-1) + (Ω * 10) / ΝΡΤΡΤ)

If Reg is%&gt; 100 then Reg% = 100.

IGT MItti \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ "

Mikiere = MIiIr1e + 1

If Mickey is = 11, then Mickey is = 1

End If

1655

1656

1660

1665

1670

1675

1680

1685

1690

1695

1700

1705

1710

1715

1720

1725

'Set the first border' Set the value of the 1st cavity = a (i)) 'Direction (+1 - up / -1 - down).

'The first point is set at least

If&gt; 1, then go to 1805 'If not the first point

Operator selection comment: The code only for the first point of each layer

If a (i, i) = a (i,) + 1), then go to 1745

If a (and "_))&gt; a (i,) + 1), then go to 1705 'The first point is the maximumOperator selection of the comment: The first point is the minimumKey point = 0' Extreme point = 0 for a minimum, Extreme point =

1 for maximum

E = E + 1UEE) = a (u,))

Direction = 1PP (i) = 0To go to 1735

Operator selecting a comment: The first point is the maximum

Extreme point = 1

E = E + 1

PP (i) = 1 'The first point is set as the maximum

Direction = -1

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1730 RK (E) = a (i, c)

1735 P (E) =)

1740 Go to 2200 'Next and (next point)

1745 The comment selection operator: The first point is the same as a friend, so check the next point.

1746 EOR = 1

1750 If a (i, c) = a (i, c + eor + 1), then go to 1790 'Points are still tisami

1755 If a (ff)&gt; a (IC + ECR + 1), then go to 1775 'The first points are maxima

1760 The comment selection operator: The first points are minima 1765 with =] - LERr

1770 Go to 1670 'Run the program for the minimum first point 1775 Comment Selection Operator: The first points are the maxima of 1780 with = with + EOR

1785 Go to 1705 'Run the program for the maximum first point

1790 The operator of the selection of the comment: Points are still the same, check the next point

1791 ERP = EOR + 1

1795 If EOR = ΝΡΤΡΤ -1, then go to 2570 'Next and

1800 Go to 1750 'Check the next point

1805 Comment Selection Operator: This section for points after 11810 EOR = 0

1815 EP = s-1

1820 If a (i, c) = a (i, c - 1), then go to 2135 'The same points

1825 If a (and, c) &lt;a (i, and - 1) then go to 1985 Decreasing points1830 The comment selection operator: Rising points1835 If the direction is = 1, then go to 2200

1840 The comment selection operator: the local minimum detected at the extreme point (extreme point = s - 1 + STMT (EOR / 2)

1845 If the extreme point = 1, then go to 1895 'The last point was the peak

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1850 Operator of the selection of the comment: The last extreme point was the hollow1855 If a (and,)) &lt;= UE (E), then go to 1870 'The current depression was not

depression as it did not follow the peak, but followed the local maximum

1860 Go to 1975

1870 Operator selection comment: Replace the last depression with this1875 UCE) = a (and, EP)

1880 Extreme point = 01885 P (E) = EP1890 Go back to 1975

1895 Operator selection of the comment: The last extreme point was a peak of 1900 If the module (a (and, EP) - RK (E))&gt; = 1, then go to 19151905 The comment selection operator: The height after the peak to this minimum is not

meets the filtering criterion of L1910 Go to 1975

1915 If (EP - P (E))&gt; = M, then go to 1950 'Found depression - write it down

1920 Comment Selection Operator: The number of points after peak to this minimum does not match

1925 Operator selection comment: Filter criterion M

1930 If E = 1, then go to 2200 'Next and (next point)

1935 If a (i, EP)&gt; = \ b (E - 1), then go to 19751940 E = E + 1

1945 Go to 1870

1950 Operator of the selection of the comment: Found a basin - write it1955 E = E + 11960 P (E) = ER1965 W (E) = a (u, EP)

1970 Extreme point = 01975 Direction = 1

1980 Go to 2200 'Next and (next point)

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1985 Operator selection comment: Decreasing points

1990 If direction = - 1, then go to 2200 'Next and (next point)

1995 Operator selection comment: Local maximum detected in

the extreme point (the extreme point = and -1 + oeNT (Ez) P / 2)

2000 If the extreme point = 0, then go to 2045 'The last extreme point was

depression

2005 Operator of the selection of the comment: The last extreme point was peak 2010 If a (and, EP)&gt; = RK (E), then go to 20202015 Go to 2125

2020 Operator selection comment: Replace the last peak of that 2025 RK (E) = a (i, EP)

2030 Extreme point = 12035 P (E) = BP2040 Go to 2125

2045 Comment Selection Operator: The last extreme point was the hover 2050 If the Module (a (and, EP) - B (E))&gt; = 1, then go to 2065 'Go

filtering b

2055 Comment Selection Operator: The height from the hollow to this maxim does not meet the filtering criterion L

2060 Go to 2125

2065 If (EP - P (E))&gt; = M, then go to 2100 'Found peak - written it

2070 Comment Selection Operator: The number of points after the depression to this maxim does not match

2075 Comment Selection Operator: Filtering Criteria M

2080 If E = 1, then go to 2200 'Nextand (next point)

2085 If a (i,)) &lt;= RK (E - 1), then go to 21252090 E = E - 1

2095 Go to 2020

2100 Comment Selection Operator: Found as peak - write it

2105 E = E + 1

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2110

2115

2120

2125

2130

2135

2140

2145

2150

2155

2160

2165

217 0

2175

2180

2185

2190

2195

2200

2205

2210

2215

2220

2225

2230

2235

2240

2245

2250

2255

2260

P (E) = ERRC (E) = a (u, EP)

Extreme point = 1 Direction = -1

Go to 2200 Next and (next point)

Εζ) P = 1

If (and + ECR) &lt;NTPTF, then go to 2155

I = NTPTF

Go to 2200 'Next and (next point)

EP =) - 1 + SIPI (E () P / 2)

If a (u, ai) = a (u, and - ez) P), then go to 2190If a (i, c)&gt; a (u, c + ez) P) then go to 2180Operator selection of the comment: Points , climbing to 1830

The comment selection operator: Decreasing points

Go to 1985

ECR = Εζ) P + 1

Go to 2140

Next) (next point

NP = Ipi ((E - PP (i)) / 2) 'NP = number of points

'RZYM = Pt = mean step' RzSZ = Rz - step sigma (standard deviation) 'NZIM = Nt = average height' NZZ = NZ = height sigma (standard deviation) 'Race Z converts the delta of the number of points 10'³ m

RZYM = 0RzIZ = 0NzIM = 0NzIZ = 0

RacoZ = 12.5 / NPTHPto k = 1, up to NP

P (k) = P (2 * k + 1 + PP (I)) - P (2 * k

+ RR (i))

If P (k)&gt; 0 then go to 2260NP = NP - 1 Go to 2275RzIm = Rzym + P (k)

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2265

2270

2275

2280

2285

2290

2295

2300

2305

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2375

H (k) = RK (2 * k + PP (i)) - ((UC2 * k + 1 + PP (i)) + UC2 * k -1 + PP (I))) / 2) NZiM = NzIm + N (k)

The following is for the following: Rzym / NPNzIm = NzIm / Np

O'erIt = 0 'OiIrt is a delta (X-KhAgh)

OinT = 0 'OININT is a delta (X-X'ag)

δδΡΡηι = 0 'δδΡΡιι - is the sum of the delta in the square (X-XBl)²

OZZNt = O ΌδςΗΐη is the sum of the delta in the square (X-XBl)²

For k = 1, to ΝΡ

OiRt = Rzym - P (k)

OZzRt = ΩδςΡηι + (Εε1Ρηι^Λ2)

OINIT = NZIM - N (k)

ΟδςΗιη = ΟδςΗηι + (Ολλίτης)^L.2)

Next to

Jump over an error that may occur during computation

standard deviation

If you make a mistake, restore the following:

RZYZ = (Python / (NP-1))^L.2NyZ = (ΟδςΗητ / (ΝΡ -1))^l2Uninstall the ERROR check if the error goes to 0

Operator selection comment: Convert H from the volts to the micrometers of the radius = 0.038 'conversion factor from the volts in μm (taken from the documentation 88R)

NZIM = (CIPI (NZIM * 100 * Rasa)) / 100 '(Semi (NzIm * Rassi * 10)) /

100 &lt;- (version 1 for pertometra S5O)

1100 &lt;- (version 1 for pertometra C5E)

Operator selection comment: Convert P from the points in millimeters RIIS = (CIPI (RZYM * Raziz * 100)) / 100

35

90705

36

2380 RzYZ = (Clip1 (RzybZ * RazZ * 100)) / 100

'Set the value for the data storage routine

Rhymes (i) = RzyszNZiMzauE (i) = NzMMZiZZaUe (i) = NzZZZrZauEd) = NP

2560 KIRT = KIRT + RZYM

2565 KINT = KINT + NZiM

2570 Next and

2575 KIRT = (SipfKIRT * 100 / ITgasse) / 100

2580 KIN = (CIPI (KINT * 100 / ITgasse)) / 100

2585 ​​ΧΥνΙάχ = CIRT * KINT

Enter events

End of the program

10

Ч ΓΓΊ

12

16 14

FIG. 1

Computer layout A. Ryabko Subscription Circulation 26 additions.

Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine

State Department of Intellectual Property, st. Uritskogo, 45, Kyiv, SME, 03680, Ukraine

State Enterprise "Ukrainian Institute of Industrial Property", st. Glazunova, 1, Kyiv - 42, 01601