Method and system for optimization of program transmission to many users and receiver for program reception and planning device used in the system
Abstract
A method for optimization of program transmission to many users consists in that programs are transmitted through a distribution system. In a head part of the distribution system the program is formed divided into majority of program segments for realization of planning algorithm which place the program segments in the set sequence. The program segments are transmitted according to the planning algorithm with possibility of simultaneous transmission of any unit segment to more than one receiver. During the time required for normal reproduction of the program at least part of the program segments is transmitted more than one time simultaneously to few receivers without fixing in any time head unit and distribution system for the any separate receiver. In the receiving part of the distribution system transmitted program segments are stored in a receiver buffer storage for next reproduction. Therefore mentioned planning algorithm being used can assure reception by any receiver of all the program segments with possibility of sequential reproduction of the program with normal rate with simultaneous providing for transformability of the buffer storage structure which capacity will be less than capacity containing total program.
Term
No projected expiry on record.
- Priority
- Filed
- Granted
- Today
22 claims: 18 independent, 4 dependent
- 1Способ оптимизации передачи программы многим пользователям, заключающийся в том, что передают программы через систему распределения, отличающийся тем, что в головной части системы распределения формируют программу, разделенную на множество программных сегментов для реализации алгоритма планирования, располагающего программные сегменты в заданной последовательности, и передают программные сегменты согласно алгоритму планирования с возможностью одновременной передачи любого единичного сегмента более чем одному приемнику, причем в течение времени, необходимого для нормального воспроизведения программы, по меньшей мере, часть программных сегментов передают более одного раза одновременно к нескольким приемникам без закрепления в любой момент времени головного узла и системы распределения за каким-либо отдельным приемником, а в приемной части системы распределения производят запоминание переданных программных сегментов в буферном ЗУ приемника для последующего воспроизведения, за счет чего указанный алгоритм планирования, при его использовании, может гарантировать прием любым приемником всех программных сегментов с возможностью последовательного воспроизведения программы с нормальной скоростью с одновременным обеспечением трансформируемости структуры буферного ЗУ, емкость которого будет меньше емкости, вмещающей всю программу в целом. one. A way to optimize the transfer of a program to many users is to that programs are transmitted through a distribution system that is different that in the head part of the distribution system they form a program, divided into many software segments to implement the algorithm planning that has program segments in a given sequences, and transfer program segments according to the scheduling algorithm. with the possibility of simultaneous transmission of any single segment to more than one receiver, and for the time required for normal program playback, at least part of the program segments transmit more than once simultaneously to multiple receivers without pinning at any time the head node and distribution system for any separate receiver, and in the receiving part of the distribution system produce storing the transferred program segments in the buffer memory of the receiver for subsequent reproduction, due to which the specified scheduling algorithm, with its use, can guarantee the reception by any receiver of all software segments with the possibility of sequential playback of the program with normal speed while ensuring the transformability of the structure a buffer memory whose capacity will be less than the capacity that holds the entire program in whole
- 22 The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they choose the maximum time response / MVO / corresponding to the maximum value of the waiting time the user has started reproducing the requested program from its beginning. 2. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что выбирают максимальное время отклика /МВО/, соответствующее максимальному значению времени ожидания пользователем начала воспроиведенения запрошенной программы от ее начала.
- 33 The method according to p. 2, characterized in that in the process of forming a program divide the program into segments with a length selected from the transmission condition, according to at least one segment during one MBO. 3. Способ по п. 2, отличающийся тем, что в процессе формирования программы разделяют программу на сегменты с длиной, выбранной из условия передачи, по меньшей мере, одного сегмента за время одного МВО.
- 4Способ по п. З, отличающийся тем, что на этапе передачи программных сегментов передают один или более сегментов в течение каждого МВО, включая первый сегмент, соответствующий первому сегменту времени воспроизведения программы, согласно алгоритму планирования, обеспечивающего перманентую доступность первого сегмента в пределах одного МВО для немедленного просмотра в приемнике. four. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that at the stage of transfer of software segments transmit one or more segments during each MBO, including the first segment corresponding to the first segment of the playback time programs, according to the scheduling algorithm, providing permanent availability of the first segment within one MBO for immediate viewing in receiver.
- 5Способ по п. 4, отличающийся тем, что дополнительно производят нумерацию программных сегментов от 1 до п, где п - равно количеству сегментов, на которое была разделена программа, причем сегменты нумеруются в порядке их появления в программе в условиях нормального воспроизведения. five. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that it additionally produces numbering program segments from 1 to n, where n is equal to the number of segments by which the program was divided, and the segments are numbered in the order they appear in program under normal playback conditions.
- 66 The method according to p. 5, characterized in that within the framework of the rhythm of planning produce iterative calculations for each MBO, the result of which:6. Способ по п. 5, отличающийся тем, что в рамках ритма планирования производят итеративные вычисления в течение каждого МВО, результат которого: COUNT modulo X = Y, COUNT по модулю Х = У, where COUNT = given the original integer, increasing by 1 after each MBO, and X takes integer values from 1 to n, where где COUNT = заданному исходному целому числу, возрастающему на 1 после каждого МВО, а Х принимает целочисленные значения от 1 до п, где n = the number of segments into which the program was divided, each time when Y = 0, the program segment number X is transmitted. п = количеству сегментов, на которое была разделена программа, причем всякий раз, когда Y=0, передают программный сегмент под номером X.
- 77 The method according to p. 1, characterized in that it additionally records user identification number, header identification number programs and time of each request in the subscriber request card and track promotion of each request to its completion. 7. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что дополнительно производят запись идентификационного номера пользователя, идентификационного номера заголовка программы и времени каждого запроса в карту запросов абонента и отслеживают продвижение каждого запроса до его завершения.
- 8Система для оптимизации передачи программы многим пользователям, выполненная в виде системы распределения, отличающаяся тем, что в головном узле система содержит блок формирования программы, разделенной на множество программных сегментов для реализации алгоритма планирования, посредством которого программные сегменты выстраиваются в заданной последовательности, и блок передачи программных сегментов согласно алгоритму планирования с возможностью одновременной передачи любого сегмента более чем одному приемнику, причем в течение времени, необходимого для нормального воспроизведения программы, по меньшей мере, часть программных сегментов передают более одного раза одновременно нескольким приемникам без закрепления головного узла и системы ни в один момент времени за каким-либо отдельным приемником, а приемная часть системы содержит буферное ЗУ для хранения передаваемых программных сегментов для последующего воспроизведения в приемнике, посредством которого указанный алгоритм планирования может гарантировать получение приемника всех программных сегментов с возможностью непрерывного воспроизведения программы с нормальной скоростью с одновременным обеспечением трансформируемости структуры буферного средства хранения, емкость которого будет меньше емкости, вмещающей всю программу в целом. eight. System to optimize the transfer of the program to many users, made in the form of the distribution system, characterized in that in the head node the system contains a program generating unit divided into many program segments to implement the scheduling algorithm, by which program segments line up in a given sequence, and block transfer program segments according to the scheduling algorithm with possibility of simultaneous transmission of any segment to more than one receiver, and during the time required for normal playback programs, at least part of the program segments transmit more than one times at the same time to several receivers without fixing the head node and system at any time for any individual receiver, and the reception part of the system contains a buffer memory for storing the transmitted software segments for later playback in the receiver, through which the specified scheduling algorithm can guarantee the receiving receiver of all program segments with the possibility of continuous playback of the program with normal speed while ensuring the transformability of the structure a buffer storage medium whose capacity will be less than the capacity holding the whole program as a whole.
- 9The system of claim. 8, characterized in that it further comprises in its the head node of the numbering block of program segments from 1 to n, where n-corresponds to the number of segments into which the program is divided, with the segments numbered in the order they appear in the program under normal conditions playback, and the specified block numbering program segments connected to the program generation unit and the program transmission unit segments. 9. Система по п. 8, отличающаяся тем, что дополнительно содержит в своем головном узле блок нумерации программных сегментов от 1 до п, где п-соответствует количеству сегментов, на которое разделена программа, причем сегменты нумеруются в порядке их появления в программе в условиях нормального воспроизведения, причем указанный блок нумерации программных сегментов подключен к блоку формирования программы и блоку передачи программных сегментов.
- 11Система по п. 8, отличающаяся тем, что дополнительно содержит в своем головном узле блок итеративных вычислений в течение каждого МВО результата выполнения алгоритма планирования:eleven. The system of claim. 8, characterized in that it further comprises in its the head node is an iterative computing unit for each MVO result run scheduling algorithm: COUNT modulo X = Y, COUNT по модулю X = У, where COUNT = given the initial number increasing by 1 after each MBO, где COUNT = заданному исходному числу, увеличивающемуся на 1 после каждого МВО, a X takes integer values from 1 to n, where n = the number of segments into which the program is divided, and when Y = 0, the program segment number X is transmitted, and the specified block iterative computing is connected to the program segment transmission unit. a Х принимает целочисленные значения от 1 до п, где п = количеству сегментов, на которое разделена программа, причем при У = 0 передают программный сегмент под номером X, и указанный блок итеративных вычислений подключен к блоку передачи программного сегмента.
- 12Receiver for receiving a program received from the transmission optimization system program executed as a distribution system, characterized in that which contains a buffer memory / memory / for storing multiple segments of the program obtained from the head node of the system according to the algorithm planning with the possibility of simultaneous direction of any segment more than one receiver, while for the time required for normal program playback, at least some of the program segments transmit more than once to multiple receivers simultaneously without the need fixing the head node and system to any individual receiver one of the points in time, and a processing unit connected to the buffer memory and employee for processing program segments stored in the buffer memory and filing segments in the correct sequence for playback, with the possibility providing a scheduling algorithm to ensure that the receiver receives all program segments with sequential playback programs with normal speed and transformability of the buffer memory structure, the capacity of which will be less than the capacity that accommodates the entire program. 12. Приемник для приема программы, полученной от системы оптимизации передачи программы, выполненной в виде системы распределения, отличающийся тем, что содержит буферное запоминающее устройство /ЗУ/ для хранения множества сегментов программы, полученной из головного узла системы согласно алгоритму планирования с возможностью одновременного направления любого сегмента более чем одному приемнику, при этом в течение времени, требуемого для нормального воспроизведения программы, по меньшей мере, некоторые из программных сегментов передают более одного раза одновременно нескольким приемникам без необходимости закрепления головного узла и системы за каким-либо отдельным приемником ни в один из моментов времени, и блок обработки, подключенный к буферному ЗУ и служащий для обработки программных сегментов, хранящихся в буферном ЗУ и подачи сегментов в правильной последовательности для воспроизведения, с возможностью обеспечения алгоритмом планирования гарантии получения приемником всех программных сегментов с обеспечением последовательного воспроизведения программы с нормальной скоростью и трансформируемостью структуры буферного ЗУ, емкость которого будет меньше емкости, вмещающей всю программу в целом.
- 15The scheduling device for the program transfer optimization system, performed with the ability to optimize the transfer of the program to multiple receivers through distribution system, characterized in that it contains a forming unit program, divided into many program segments to implement scheduling algorithm by which program segments are lined up in given sequence, and a scheduling block connected to the block forming a program and configured to schedule multiple program segments according to the scheduling algorithm so that any single a segment can be simultaneously sent to more than one receiver, and in the time required for normal program playback, by at least some of the program segments are transmitted more than once simultaneously to many receivers, without fixing the head node and the system to any as a separate receiver, and whereby the specified planned software segments can be transmitted to one or several user receivers, requesting a program, and the scheduling algorithm can ensure that user receiver will accept all software segments with software sequential playback of the program at normal speed and the transformability of the structure of the buffer memory, the capacity of which will be less capacity, accommodates the entire program. 15. Устройство планирования для системы оптимизации передачи программы, выполненное с возможностью оптимизации передачи программы множеству приемников через систему распределения, отличающееся тем, что содержит блок формирования программы, разделенной на множество программных сегментов для реализации алгоритма планирования, с помощью которого программные сегменты выстраиваются в заданной последовательности, и блок планирования, подключенный к блоку формирования программы и выполненный с возможностью планирования множества программных сегментов согласно алгоритму планирования так, что любой единичный сегмент может быть одновременно послан более чем одному приемнику, причем в течение времени, требуемого для нормального воспроизведения программы, по меньшей мере, некоторые из программных сегментов передаются больше одного раза одновременно к многим приемникам, без закрепления ни в один из моментов времени головного узла и системы за каким-либо отдельным приемником, и посредством чего указанные спланированные программные сегменты могут быть переданы одному либо нескольким приемникам пользователей, запрашивающих программу, причем алгоритм планирования может гарантировать, что приемник пользователя примет все программные сегменты с обеспечением последовательного воспроизведения программы с нормальной скоростью и трансформируемости структуры буферного ЗУ, емкость которого будет меньше емкости, вмещавшей всю программу в целом.
- 16Устройство по п. 15, отличающееся тем, что дополнительно содержит блок нумерации программных сегментов от 1 до п, где п - равно количеству сегментов, на которое разделена программа, причем сегменты нумеруются в порядке их появления в программе для нормального воспроизведения. sixteen. The device according to p. 15, characterized in that it further comprises a block the numbering of program segments from 1 to n, where n is equal to the number of segments, into which the program is divided, and the segments are numbered in the order of their appearance in the program for normal playback.
- 1717 The device according to p. 16, characterized in that it further comprises a block iterative calculations for each MBO result of the algorithm 17. Устройство по п. 16, отличающееся тем, что дополнительно содержит блок итеративных вычислений в течение каждого МВО результата выполнения алгоритма planning:планирования: COUNT modulo X = Y, COUNT по модулю Х = У, where COUNT is a given initial integer increasing by 1 after each MBO, где COUNT - заданное исходное целое число, возрастающее на 1 после каждого МВО, and X takes integer values from 1 to n, where n = the number of segments, into which the program was divided, and when Y = 0, a segment is transmitted under number X. а Х принимает целочисленные значения от 1 до п, где п = количеству сегментов, на которое была разделена программа, причем при У=0 передают сегмент под номером X.
- 19Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что в течение времени передачи программных сегментов сегменты, появляющиеся в программе раньше, передают чаще, чем позднее появляющиеся сегменты. nineteen. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that during the transmission time of program segments, segments that appear in the program earlier are transmitted more frequently, than later emerging segments.
- 20The method according to p. 1, characterized in that at the stage of transmission of transmit program segments according to a modified scheduling algorithm, smoothing transmission load and reducing bandwidth requirements bandwidth. 20. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что на этапе передачи передают программные сегменты согласно модифицированному алгоритму планирования, сглаживающему нагрузку при передаче и снижающему требования к ширине полосы пропускания.
- 21The method according to p. 20, characterized in that at the stage of transmission produce transfer of one or more initial segments at specified time intervals for unlimited storage in a low-capacity buffer memory receiver and transmit the remaining segments in accordance with the scheduling algorithm implying permanent accessibility of the first segment for immediate viewing in receiver. 21. Способ по п. 20, отличающийся тем, что на этапе передачи производят передачу одного или более начальных сегментов в заданных временных интервалах для неограниченного хранения в малообъемном буферном ЗУ приемника и передают оставшиеся сегменты в соответствии с алгоритмом планирования, подразумевающим перманентную доступность первого сегмента для немедленного просмотра в приемнике.
- 2222 The method according to p. 1, characterized in that before the transfer produce compression data programs, whereby a plurality of program segments may issued in a compressed format. 22. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что перед передачей производят сжатие даннных программ, посредством чего, множество программных сегментов может выдаваться в сжатом формате.
Independent claims18
232 paragraphs in 12 sections, as filed
UKRAINA
(19) andA (11) 41301 (13) C2
(51) 7 April 04/7, 7/12
MINISTRY OSVІTI
І SCIENCES OF UKRAIN
OPIS
TO PATENT ON VINACHE
POWER DEPARTMENT OF THE UNTLEKTUALNOЇVLASNOSTI
(54) SPOSIB OPTIMІZATSI Ї TRANSMITTED BY PROGRAMS BY THE BAGATE KORISTUVACHAM, THE SYSTEM OF THE ACCESS REALIZATION AND THAT VIKORISTOVUVANI IN THE SYSTEM OF THE PRIMATOR FOR THE RECEPTION OF THE PROGRAMS
(21) 94040988
(22) 08.23.1990
(24) September 17, 2001
(31) Ρύ 5933
(32) 08/23/1989
(33) Au
(86) PCT / Ai90 / 00370, 08/23/1990
(46) 09/17/2001, Byul. № 8, 2001 p.
(72) De Bey G enrі Kurtіs, from
(73) DELTA BETA PTI., LTD., Au
(56) U.S. Patent No. 4506387, MPK NO.IM7 / 16, publ. 03/19/85
(57) 1. A method for optimizing the transfer of software to many users, which consists in transmitting programs through a distribution system, characterized in that in the head part of the distribution system they form a program that is divided into many program segments to implement a scheduling algorithm that has specified sequence, and transmit program segments according to the scheduling algorithm with the possibility of simultaneous transmission of any single segment to more than one receiver, and m during the time required for normal program playback, at least, some program segments are transmitted more than once to several receivers simultaneously without fixing the head node and the distribution system at any time to any individual receiver,
2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that choose the maximum response time (MBO), corresponding to the maximum value of the waiting time for the user to start playback of the requested program from its beginning.
3. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that in the process of program formation, the program is divided into segments with a length selected from the condition of transmitting at least one segment of the time of one MBO.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that at the time of transmission of program segments, one or more segments are transmitted during each MBO, including the first segment, corresponding to the first segment of the program playback time, according to the scheduling algorithm, which ensures the first segment accessibility in within one MBO for immediate viewing at the receiver.
5. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that it additionally produces numbering of program segments from 1 to n, where n is equal to the number of segments into which the program was divided, and the segments are numbered in the order they appear in the program in conditions of normal reproduction.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, in the framework of the planning algorithm, iterative calculations are performed during each MBO, the result of which:
SOYYT modulo X = Y,
where soyyt = given initial integer number, increasing by 1 after each MBO, and X takes integer values from 1 to n, where n = the number of segments into which the program was divided, and each time when Υ = 0, are transferred program segment number X
7. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally records the user's identification number, the identification number of the program header and the time of each request to the subscriber’s request card and tracks the progress of each request until its completion.
8. A system for optimizing the transfer to many users, made in the form of a distribution system, characterized in that the system contains a program forming block divided into a plurality of program segments for implementing the planning algorithm, through which program segments are arranged in given sequence, and a block of transfer of program segments according to the scheduling algorithm with
andA (11) 41301 (13) C2
σ>
41301
the possibility of simultaneous transmission of any segment to more than one receiver, and within the time required for normal program playback, at least part of the program segments are transmitted more than one time to several receivers simultaneously without fixing the head node and the field system one moment in time for some individual receiver, and The receiving part of the system contains a buffer memory for storing the transmitted program segments for subsequent reproduction in the receiver, by which it is indicated A new scheduling algorithm can guarantee that the receiver will receive all program segments with the possibility of continuous reproduction of the program at a normal speed while simultaneously ensuring the transformability of the structure of the buffer storage means, whose capacity will be less than capacity,
9. The system of claim 8, characterized in that it additionally contains in its head node the numbering of program segments from 1 to n, where n corresponds to the number of segments into which the program is divided, and the segments are numbered in order of the appearance in the program in conditions of normal reproduction, and the programmed numbering block of program segments is connected to the program formation block and the program segment transfer block.
10. The system of claim. 9, characterized in that it additionally contains in its head node a pre-introduction into each program segment of a segment identifier that is able to identify the program segment by its number, and the unit for entering the identifier of the segment identifier is connected to block numbering software segments.
11. The system of claim 8, characterized in that it additionally contains in its head node an iterative computation during each IBO of the result of the execution of the scheduling algorithm:
ΟΟυΝΤ modulo Χ = Υ,
where ΟΟυΝΤ = a given initial number, increasing by 1 after each MBO, and X takes integer values from 1 to n, where n = the number of segments into which the program is divided, and when Υ = 0, the program segment is passed under number X, and the specified block of iterative calculations is connected to the block transfer of the program segment.
12. Receiver for receiving a program received from a program transmission optimization system made in the form of a distribution system, differing in that it contains a buffer storage device (memory) for storing a plurality of program segments received from the head-unit of the system according to the scheduling algorithm with the possibility of simultaneous directing of any segment to more than one receiver, while for the time required for normal program playback, at least some of the program segments give more than once at the same time to several receivers without the need for
attaching the head node and the system for any separate receiver at any point in time, and the processing unit connected to the buffer memory and used to process the program segments stored in the buffer memory of the feed segments in the correct sequence for playback, with the possibility of providing a scheduling guarantee algorithm for the receiver to obtain all program segments with ensuring the sequential reproduction of the program at normal speed and the transformability of the structure of the buffer memory, capacity which will be less capacity, accommodating the entire program as a whole.
13. The receiver according to claim 12, characterized in that said processing unit comprises a block distinguishing received program segments with the help of a segment identifier identifying a segment by its number, by which the receiver can distinguish redundant segments from segments required for sequential playback.
14. The receiver according to claim 12, characterized in that said processing unit further comprises a decoding unit of compressed program segments transmitted from the head node of the program transmission optimization system.
15. A scheduling device for a program transmission optimization system, made with the possibility of optimizing the transfer of a program to a set of receivers through a distribution system, characterized in that it contains program block formations divided into a set of program segments for implementing a scheduling algorithm, using which program segments lined up in a given sequence, and the planning block, connected to the program formation block and configured to schedule multiple programs many segments according to the planning algorithm, so that any single segment can be simultaneously sent to more than one receiver, and within the time required for normal reproduction of the program, at least Some of the program segments are transmitted more than one time at a time to many receivers, without locking at any time point of the head node and the system behind any individual receiver, and whereby these programmed program segments can be transferred to one or several user receivers requesting a program, whereby the scheduling algorithm can ensure that the user's receiver accepts all program segments with a consistent program reproduction with ormalnoy soon Stu and transformability bufernogoZU structure, the capacity of which is less than the capacity BME-schavshey program as a whole.
16. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that it additionally contains a block of numbering program segments from 1 to n, where n is equal to the number of segments into which the program is divided, and the segments are numbered in the order they appear in program for normal playback.
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17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that it additionally contains a block of iterative calculations during each MBO of the result of the execution of the planning algorithm:
ΝΤυΝΤ modulo X = Y,
where ΟΟυΝΤ is a given initial integer number that grows by 1 after each MBO, and X takes integer values from 1 to n, where n = the number of segments into which the program was divided, and with Υ = 0, the segment number X is transmitted
18. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that said program generating unit includes the program memory of the compressed data and is capable of recovering program segments from the program memory of the compressed data, and the program is stored in the compressed segmented format corresponding to the above set of segments .
19. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, during the transmission time of the program segments, the segments that appear in the program earlier,
transmit more often than the late-appearing seg
cops.
20. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the transfer stage, the software is transmitted to a segment according to a modified scheduling algorithm that smooths the load during transmission and reduces the bandwidth requirements of the transmission.
21. A method according to claim 20, characterized in that at the transfer stage, one or more initial segments are transmitted at specified time intervals for unlimited storage in the receiver’s small volume buffer memory and the remaining segments are transferred in accordance with the scheduling algorithm implying perm nent accessibility of the first segment for non-slow viewing in the receiver.
22. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the transfer of data compression programs, whereby many software segments can be issued in a compressed format.
The present invention relates to a system and method for optimizing the transmission of software through a distribution system and, in particular, non-exclusively, relates to such a method and system for delivering video signals through a cable television network on demand.
In the following description, the word “program” must be understood in its broadest sense, and it includes any information, whether visual or sound, or their mixture, or otherwise, which is usually perceived as continuous succession of impressions through one or more human feelings. The term “video program” refers to a program of visual information or visual and audio information, whether it is recorded in a reproducible format or transmitted by “live”. In our "information society" of this increasing emphasis on greater accessibility of information, there are many situations where access to the same program at the same time is required more than to one person.
For example, in the library of a large educational institute, in which lectures and other information on audio and video cassettes are stored, the need for certain programs may be, in particular, high at certain times and requires It is possible for several students to listen or watch a program at the same time from the beginning, without forcing individuals to start a pro-show or listen to a program at the same time. Ideally, it should be possible to serve the needs of all individuals in a given program immediately when required. In practice, it is extremely difficult without costly duplication of equipment and complex electronic processing. Another example of this multi-user situation is the so-called custom video television. The video case system ideally allows you to
Subscriber to request (require) any specific video program at any time of the day.
The well-known videotape system is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,503,387 to Walter, in which each video program is pre-programmed in a storage device with the possibility of being selected by the host computer at the central data station in response to an address signal transmitted from the user. The main computer controls the transmission of non-real-time high-speed video software through a network of fiber-optic lines to the data receiving station at the user's location. The data receiving station then converts the received optical data into electrical data and stores them for later transmission in real time to a user television receiver.
The system of Walter has a number of significant shortcomings, the first of which is that it is not compatible with existing networks of television transmission, and, in particular, coaxial cable networks SATU (cable television). To get quick response times, Walter transmits all the digital data corresponding to the entire program to the receiving station through a multitude of fiber-optic lines in a very short time. Even when compressing digital data, the bandwidth required for this system is relatively large. For example, sixteen (16) optical data channels across four fiber-optic lines are required to transmit a two-hour film in about thirty-one-second seconds. Very few houses and buildings are currently ready for the installation of fiber optic cables,
Another disadvantage of Walter’s system is that it cannot adequately serve intensive requests for the same video program. Research in rental libraries
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video tape shows that out of the total number of, say, five thousand tapes stored in the library, at any particular moment in time only the main group of titles is intensively requested, ranging from twenty to forty. In addition, these studies of the features of the viewers show that the requirements for basic video inquiries change during the day with a change in the type of viewers. While Walter assumes that the central data station only transmits part of the selected program to the user for viewing, and then begins transmitting part of another selected program to the second user, the system cannot simultaneously serve several users requesting the same program. In this case, the user must wait until the transfer of the entire program to each user who made the request before him will not be completed before, what the system can do with its request. It is clear that for basic video programs this can lead to unacceptable delays.
The present invention has been developed to create a method and system for optimizing the transfer of programs through a distribution system for many users, and especially, but not exclusively, it has been developed to create a system and method for delivering custom video that is compatible with existing video distribution systems, such as ΟΛΤν.In the present description, the term "distribution systems" should be interpreted in the broadest sense of the term and encompasses conventional radio and television systems, ΟΛϊν and internal bodies. Eurasian (video) audio distribution systems of the type used in hotels, training institutes and more modern air and ocean liners.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a method is proposed for optimizing the transfer of a program to many users through a distribution system, and the method includes:
At the head end of the distribution system, the program is divided into many
gram segments;
and transfer of program segments in redundant sequence in accordance with the planned algorithm;
on the distribution system receiver
memorizing transferred program segments
we are in the buffer storage facility in the receiver for subsequent playback, through which, using the specified scheduled algorithm, ensures that the user's receiver accepts all program segments that provide continuous real-time reproduction of the program.
The maximum response time (ΜΡΤ) corresponds to the maximum time that the user must spend waiting for the start of the reproduction of the requested program.
Usually the stage of program division involves the division of a program into segments.
such a selected length so that at least
one segment could be transmitted during the MRI.
In a preferred embodiment, the specified segment transfer step includes the transfer of one or more segments during each MRI scan, including the first segment corresponding to the first segment of the reproduction time of the program, in accordance with the planned algorithm, whereby, when used, The first segment is always ready in the receiver within one MRI for immediate reproduction.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a system has been developed for optimizing the transmission of a program to many users, the system comprising:
at the head end of the system:
means for dividing the program into many
the nature of the program segments; and
means for transmitting program segments
combo in redundant sequence in accordance with the planned algorithm;
and on the receiver system
buffer memorization for preserving
transmitting program segments for subsequent playback at the receiver, whereby, when used, the specified scheduled algorithm can ensure that the receiver accepts all program segments in a manner that will ensure continuous real-time reproduction of the program at the receiver.
Preferably, the system also contains at the head end of the system:
means for numbering program segments from 1 to n, where n is equal to the number of segments the program divides, and in which the segments are numbered in the order in which they should appear in the program for normal reproduction.
In accordance with an additional aspect of the present invention, a receiver has been developed for receiving a program supplied by a program transmission optimization system, the receiver comprising:
a buffer means of storing for storing a set of program segments of the program transmitted from the head end of the system in accordance with the planned algorithm; and
processing means for processing the specified program segments stored in the buffer memory means and outputting the segments in the correct sequence for reproduction, whereby, when used, the specified planned algorithm can guarantee that the receiver will accept all the program segments in a manner that ensures Continuous real-time playback of the program on the receiver.
Typically, said processing means comprises means for distinguishing received program segments by means of a segment identifier, in which said segment identifier identifies a segment, at least, by its number, whereby, when used, the receiver can distinguish redundancies.
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segments from the segments required for
next play.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a planning device has been developed for a system for optimizing transfer of programs, the device comprising:
means for dividing a program into a set of program segments;
means for planning the specified set of program segments in excess sequence in accordance with the planned algorithm; and
means for routing the specified program segments to transmit one or more user receivers requesting the program, whereby, when used, the specified scheduled algorithm can ensure that the user's receiver will accept all program segments in a way that provides continuous playback of the program in real time.
Preferably, said means for dividing the program divides the program into segments with such a selected length so that at least one segment can be transferred to the Maximum Response Time (MRT) time interval, where the MRT corresponds to the maximum time the user must spend waiting for the program to start playing the requested program from its beginning.
The planning algorithm, preferably used in the invention, includes an iterative calculation during each MRI of the result in the form of SOI modulo Χ = Υ, where the OIMT is a predetermined integer, increasing by 1 with every MRT, X = from 1 to n, where n is the number of segments into which the program is divided, whereby, when used, in the case Υ = 0, the program segment number X will be transmitted.
In order to facilitate the understanding of the essence of the invention, a detailed description of one preferred embodiment of the program transfer optimization system and the corresponding method, in the form of a system and a custom video method, will now be given only by an example method with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of a customized video system;
FIG. 2 is a more detailed block diagram illustrating the functional blocks of the custom video system of FIG. 1, applied to the SATU network;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the method steps used in the head of the custom video system;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the method steps used in the receiver of the custom video system;
FIG. 5 - tabular representation of the sequence of transmission of video segments in accordance with the preferred scheduling algorithm;
FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of the ratio between the Maximum Response Time and the ratio of the requested video clock / transmission time.
FIG. 1 illustrates schematically a preferred embodiment of an ordering system;
video in accordance with the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, an external uncompressed material can enter the system in its most basic format, such as a 35 mm film, video tape, or through a telecommunication line, such as television or satellite transmission. Uncompressed material passes through a media compression system 10 to compress the material of the audio visual programs into a compressed format. The audio-visual software mapping can be compressed with the help of an external video rendering service provider such as Ιπ корпораθΙ corporation. Such an externally compressed material can enter the system directly through the node 12 of the distribution of memory. Node 12 of the memory allocation transmits compressed video material to the above storage medium.
There are three types of memory in the system, long-time slow memory 14, long-term fast memory 16, and short-term fast memory 18. The division of compressed video storage into different types of memory is based on commercial considerations, in view of the relatively high cost of fast memory by compared with slow storage media. The choice of the type of memory, to which various programs are directed, is based on the expected future requests to the video of interest. Daily news segments should probably be stored in short-term fast memory 18, while classic films, such as Unleashed by the Wind, should probably be stored in a long-term fast memory 16. Frequently requested materials, such as some little-known dumb pictures, should, probably,
Long-term, slow memory 14 typically has the appearance of such a storage medium, such as magnetic tape or optical disks, and may require human intervention to extract material chosen infrequently. Long-term fast memory 16 can typically have the form of an automatic electro-reproducing memory device on an optical disc. Memory on the optical disk provides high-density storage with random access. A typical device currently available is the drive / rack of the 6800KO1EAS optical disk system. Short-term fast memory 18 can be in the form of a magnetic disk drive, such as 33 model 3380. This allows fast random access to compressed video material stored in digital format, but is a relatively expensive storage medium and must,
Planning and routing computer 20 receives requests for specific audio-visual material from user receivers 22A, 22B or 22C via a bi-directional network request
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owls and distribution. The scheduling and routing computer 20 controls the selection and division of selected video programs into a plurality of video segments, schedules video segments in accordance with the scheduling algorithm, and controls the routing of the planned segments for transmission to one or more receivers 22A, 22B or 22C, so that the receiver of each requesting viewer will receive all video de-fragments in a way that guarantees continuous instant viewing of the program. The custom video system uses a combination of frequency multiplexers Nia and vremennogouplotneniya. The time-multiplexing of video segments is controlled by the planning and routing computer 20 in accordance with the scheduling algorithm. Frequency multiplexing is performed by the node 24 of the distribution of subscribers under the control of the computer 20 planning and routing. The processing abilities of the computer 20 planning and routing are similar to those required by computers used by banks for automatic teller machines. Planning and marching computers 20 can be any suitable computer with a typical processing capacity of 1.5 to 200 million operations per second (MIRP), depending on the subscriber base and other loading factors.
Receivers 22 viewers are usually frequency-movable to be compatible with the happy multiplexing used in the head of the system. The receivers are equipped with a processing facility for collecting the corresponding data packets created by the temporary compaction of video segments. Receivers 22 are also provided with a buffer storage facility for storing the received video segments and must also usually contain a decompression tool for decompression of the video data and then shown on a dedicated television screen or feed into a conventional television receiver.
The custom video system of FIG. 1 may operate on either analog or digital communication circuits, however, in the preferred embodiment described below, the video distribution system is a conventional cable television system that is analog. In the preferred embodiment, the system described below, originally modulated digital data is transmitted via the PAT network. However, it is obvious that the future system will use a mixture of analog and modulated digital signals.
A method for optimizing the transmission of programs in accordance with the invention can provide for the optimization of transmission for either digital or analog information signals.
Conventional SATU systems are typically simplex communication systems (only in water), so there is no easy way to retransmit data when errors are found. Accordingly, some form of error compensation is required. Fortunately, television viewing data is generally used in a very volatile manner, unlike computer
Tertiary data that must be guaranteed accurate transfer. If several frames of a television image are distorted, the majority of viewers will perceive it even without conscious knowledge of their appearance. Accordingly, a much higher level of errors may be acceptable, for example, 1 erroneous data bit per 100,000. At this level, the human eye / brain system usually cannot even detect the video effects caused by this erroneous bit. Most digital modems operate with bit error rates from 1 in 100.000.000 to 1 in 1.000.000.000! However, a custom video system can tolerate error levels in a typical case from 1,000 to 10,000 times higher than the data systems of most computers developed at this time. A higher level of errors, of course, will improve exploitation, although an improvement may not be perceived by the viewer.
FIG. 2 illustrates in block diagram form a preferred embodiment of a custom video system applied to a network SATU. A custom video system contains in the head end means for feeding a video program in a compressed format in the form of storage devices. One record is a set of readings (SHORMs) of memory devices 28 on magnetic disks providing long-term fast memory 16 and short-term fast memory 18, respectively. In this particular implementation, the compressed video is stored in a digital format in storage devices, and video programs may already be segmented in a storage medium in video packages that are sized to be compatible with the technical requirements of the system. Devices 28 magnetized disks and SORM devices 26 are connected to planning computer 30 and routeing data bus 32.
The planning and routing computer 30 responds to the subscriber’s request for a specific program by extracting the video program from the corresponding storage medium and dividing the video program into a plurality of video segments. As mentioned above, the video program can be stored in the storage medium already in the segments conforming to the system planning requirements, thereby reducing the load on the computer 30 during the process of extracting and dividing the video program into video segments. Then the computer 30 schedules a plurality of video segments of the video program according with the planning algorithm, as will be described in more detail below, and routes the planned video segments for transmission to one or more receivers of viewers requesting video deop ogrammu. For mainstream video programs (those that are in constant request, at least
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In this embodiment, the subscriber distribution node 24 comprises a plurality of modems 34 under the control of the planning and routing computer 30. Each modem 34 modulates a different carrier frequency signal corresponding to each of the channels сеν of thirteen 36 for transmitting data packets of the video program directed to the corresponding mode 34 by the planning and routing computer 30 via the bus 32 data.
Each subscriber on the ΟΑΤν network 36 is provided with a receiver 40 for receiving packets of video segment data corresponding to the requested program and storing video segments for future viewing by the subscriber. Each 4θ receiver typically contains a buffer memory 42 for storing video segments of a video program transmitted from the head end and a video processing facility for processing video segments stored in the buffer memory and feeding the sequence segments to a television receiver 44 of the subscriber for viewing. Normally, the video processing tool may include the controller 52 and the capture memory 46 to capture the video segment data packets received from the Ονν network 36 and demodulated by one or more modems 48 of the receiver. Under the control of the controller 52, the video processing means distinguishes the received program segments by means of a segment identifier, for example, ΡΚΤΙϋ, so that redundant segments can be ignored and copied to capture memory 46. Modem 48 is preferably a broadband modem with a fast change of frequencies. Spots, such as Raіgepіb 5505, although, as noted above, can also be used digital modem with a lower level, with a lower level of bit errors. Packages of compressed video data captured in capture memory 46 are stored in a buffer memory 42, from which segments can be extracted and decompressed into a data compressor 50 for immediate or subsequent viewing. The controller 52 on the base processor processes the data flow and video processing in the receiver 40. that redundant segments can be ignored and copied to capture memory 46. Modem 48 is preferably a broadband modem with a fast frequency change, such as Raiphep 505, although, as noted above, a lower mode can also be used. level, with a lower bit error rate. Packages of compressed video data captured in capture memory 46 are stored in a buffer memory 42, from which segments can be extracted and decompressed into a data compressor 50 for immediate or subsequent viewing. The controller 52 on the base processor processes the data flow and video processing in the receiver 40. that redundant segments can be ignored and copied to capture memory 46. Modem 48 is preferably a broadband modem with a fast frequency change, such as Raiphep 505, although, as noted above, a lower mode can also be used. level, with a lower bit error rate. Packages of compressed video data captured in capture memory 46 are stored in a buffer memory 42, from which segments can be extracted and decompressed into a data compressor 50 for immediate or subsequent viewing. The controller 52 on the base processor processes the data flow and video processing in the receiver 40. As noted above, the digital modem with a lower level, with a lower bit error rate, can also be used. Packages of compressed video data captured in capture memory 46 are stored in a buffer memory 42, from which segments can be extracted and decompressed into a data compressor 50 for immediate or subsequent viewing. The controller 52 on the base processor processes the data flow and video processing in the receiver 40. As noted above, the digital modem with a lower level, with a lower bit error rate, can also be used. Packages of compressed video data captured in capture memory 46 are stored in a buffer memory 42, from which segments can be extracted and decompressed into a data compressor 50 for immediate or subsequent viewing. The controller 52 on the base processor processes the data flow and video processing in the receiver 40.
Some ΟΛΤν systems can accommodate bidirectional decoders or receivers, and for this type of system, the receiver 40 is equipped with a keyboard 54 to allow the user to initialize the request via the ΟΛΤν network 36. However, most ΟΛΤν systems are unidirectional (simplex). ), and the subscriber’s request, therefore, can be made via the public switched telephone network (“3”) 56. A subscriber’s request through Ρ 3 ΤΝ 56 can be oral or via manipulation with a contact tone, similarly to give It is provided by service providers of the network of other abonents connected to the line.
System protection to prevent unauthorized viewing of transmitted programs can be achieved in several ways. Standard encoding algorithms can be applied on modems 34 before transmission. Then each subscriber 40 needs a key to decrypt the received data. Cipher Keys
C / decryption is distributed among subscribers in a manner similar to that used by financial institutions to distribute ΡΙΝ (location indicators) when using automatic cash registers. Alternatively, each data packet transmitted at the head end may be provided with a receiver identifier (Ιϋ) unique to each subscriber, so that the pirated receiver must select the appropriate receiver identifier in order to receive a specific video program.
It must be borne in mind that the video order system illustrated in FIG. 2 is merely an example, and many other technical implementations can be used to implement a method and system for producing custom videos in accordance with the invention. For example, receivers 40 may contain several modems to simultaneously receive data packets through several channels, and you can do without a capture memory if video segments are stored in bu er memory in a compressed format. Then the video segments are decompressed when they are fed to the subscriber's television receiver of the correct sequence for viewing. In addition, certain parts of the head-end device or receiver can be located in different geographic locations. For example, from the point of view of a typical architecture tours ΟΛΤν systems, it is possible
It should be noted that the data packets of video de-segments do not need to be transmitted through one and the same channel for all viewing subscribers. By using a combination of temporary multiplexing and multiple channels at the head of the system, data transfer speeds through each of the channels can be kept at a minimum, thus making it possible to use less expensive equipment in receivers. Each receiver 40 may be configured to scan channels in a cyclic mode to determine which channel or channels are transmitted by the corresponding video signals. In addition to this, a designated control channel may be provided, through which data from planning and routing computer 30 is transmitted, in order to indicate to each receiver which packets to receive and on which channels (channel). But,
A key feature of the present invention is to plan video segments for transmission in redundant sequence, which ensures that each receiver accepts all video segments for the requested
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program in accordance with the plan, which provides continuous playback of the real-time video program in the receiver. The preferred form of an effective scheduling algorithm and its application will now be described in more detail.
In the following description, the term “Maximum Response Time” (MRI) refers to the maximum time that a subscriber needs to wait for the requested video program to be ready for viewing on its receiver. MRI refers to the maximum time that the system must spend on responding to a request. Video playback time (νΡΤ) refers to the time required to play a specific video program that is viewed at normal playback speed. The data that contains the video program must be divided into packets of these video segments of such a length so that one packet can be transferred in a time of 1 MRI. For the playback time of a video segment or the length of a single data packet, there is no need to be less than 1 MRI and they can be longer than 1 MRI, depending on whether as the width of the bandwidth provided by the transmission medium for transmitting a packet (s) of data over a time of 1 MRI. The slot length can be varied to control the immediate load and the data rates on the transmission media or to adjust the amount of buffer memory required by the receivers. However, in any one installation, the length of the slot will be usually fixed for a specific system configuration. In the following description, the slot length is made equal to MRI, in order to simplify the explanation. So, for example, if the video program has a duration of 60 minutes, the MTRI is 5 minutes, the video program is divided into 12 discrete data packets, each of which corresponds to 5 minutes of video segment data. Each of the data packets is numbered from 1 to n, where n is equal to νΡ ^ Μί ^ in chronological viewing order. provided by the carrier to transfer a packet (s) of data over a time of 1 MRI. The slot length can be varied to control the immediate load and the data rates on the transmission media or to adjust the amount of buffer memory required by the receivers. However, in any one installation, the length of the slot will be usually fixed for a specific system configuration. In the following description, the slot length is made equal to MRI, in order to simplify the explanation. So, for example, if the video program has a duration of 60 minutes, the MTRI is 5 minutes, the video program is divided into 12 discrete data packets, each of which corresponds to 5 minutes of video segment data. Each of the data packets is numbered from 1 to n, where n is equal to νΡ ^ Μί ^ in chronological viewing order. provided by the carrier to transfer a packet (s) of data over a time of 1 MRI. The slot length can be varied to control the immediate load and the data rates on the transmission media or to adjust the amount of buffer memory required by the receivers. However, in any one installation, the length of the slot will be usually fixed for a specific system configuration. In the following description, the slot length is made equal to MRI, in order to simplify the explanation. So, for example, if the video program has a duration of 60 minutes, the MTRI is 5 minutes, the video program is divided into 12 discrete data packets, each of which corresponds to 5 minutes of video segment data. Each of the data packets is numbered from 1 to n, where n is equal to νΡ ^ Μί ^ in chronological viewing order.
The use of a scheduling algorithm is preferred with computer-controlled scheduling and routing software. The basic algorithm of the planning program is as follows:
set the MRI to the selected maximum response time;
set the counter to 0 initial value;
extract the video segment data packets sorted by the time of playback of the MRT (RKT1, RKT2 .... RKTP). Cycle to wait until the period of the period becomes equal MRI;
set SOIAT equal SOIYT plus 1;
<tr><td><p>if a</p><p>RKT1;</p></td><td><p>(soyiT</p></td><td><p>by</p></td><td><p>module</p></td><td><p>1) = 0,</p></td><td><p>that</p></td><td><p>transfer to</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>if a</p><p>PKT2;</p></td><td><p>(soyiT</p></td><td><p>by</p></td><td><p>module</p></td><td><p>2) = 0,</p></td><td><p>that</p></td><td><p>transfer to</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>if a</p><p>РКТ3;</p></td><td><p>(soyiT</p></td><td><p>by</p></td><td><p>module</p></td><td><p>3) = 0,</p></td><td><p>that</p></td><td><p>transfer to</p></td></tr>
if (SOYYT modulo n) = 0, then pass
RKTP;
start again with a loop.
Note: (x modulo y) = remainder of (x,
divided by y).
In accordance with the above scheduling algorithm, the data packets of the video segment are transmitted in redundant sequence, with one or more data packets transmitted during each MRI scan. Each program starts at an incremental time p * MRI, and in many cases most of the MRI period passes through the actual execution of the program. With the above scheduling algorithm, PKT1 will always be transmitted, however, other packets can be re-transmitted or not for any given COI value. Therefore, any particular requesting receiver may receive any packets in a non-contiguous flow. So, for MRT = 5 and VΡΤ = 60, he can accept the following packages:
<tr><td><p>MRI</p></td><td><p>Accepted CT</p></td><td><p>Prosmat-</p><p>rivae</p><p>CT</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>one</p></td><td><p>PKT1 and PKT3</p></td><td><p>РКТ1</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2</p></td><td><p>РКТ2</p></td><td><p>РКТ2</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>3</p></td><td><p>PKT4 and PKT8 and PKT12</p></td><td><p>RKTZ</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>four</p></td><td><p>No packages</p></td><td><p>РКТ4</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>five</p></td><td><p>PKT5 and PKT6 and PKT7 and PKT11</p></td><td><p>PKT5</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>6</p></td><td><p>No packages</p></td><td><p>PKT6</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>7</p></td><td><p>No packages</p></td><td><p>PKT7</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>eight</p></td><td><p>PKT9 and PKT10</p></td><td><p>RCT8</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>9</p></td><td><p></p></td><td><p>PKT 9</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>ten</p></td><td><p></p></td><td><p>RCT10</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>eleven</p></td><td><p></p></td><td><p>RCT11</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>12</p></td><td><p></p></td><td><p>RCT12</p></td></tr>
The above sequence is only one of many possible sequences of issuing packets produced by the algorithm. FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of the sequence of video segment data packets during the time interval of each MRI scan. The number of each video segment is shown on the vertical axis, and the MRI interval number is shown along the horizontal axis. FIG. 6 shows the maximum of 30 video segments and 49 MRI intervals, however, it is obvious that these are arbitrary numbers, and both axes can be continued indefinitely. There should be a practical limit on the number of video segments that can be divided into a video program, but the number of MRI intervals will be a function of the duration that a particular program needs in a continuous form. At first sight, the output sequence of the algorithm seems to have an arbitrary order of the packets. However, although the sequence can be considered pseudo-random, in fact it is non-random in that it guarantees that the receiver should never
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wait for the transfer of a package and can provide immediate viewing video segments correct sequence. Accordingly, by the time the receiver is ready to show a particular packet, this packet will either be in buffer memory or be received at that time.
In the table above, the excess packets were not included in the “Received PTC” column, since in practice they must be discarded or rewritten by the receiver. It can be noted that in the above example, sequences in the time range of 8 MPT all 12 packets were received, and that certain packets, for example, PKT12, were received by the receiver completely before viewing is required. PKT12 and any other previously received packets with - stored in the buffer until proper viewing time. The scheduling algorithm ensures that a packet is always accepted, when it should be viewed, or before it.
FIG. 6 it can be seen that at certain times, for example, MRI intervals 12,24 and 36, more packets are received than at other times, which leads to an increase in load on the transmission medium and the buffer memory in the receivers. The memory was large enough to store all the data packets for a particular program, and this also provides the receiver with the ability to save the program for later viewing if necessary.
The main considerations in designing the scheduling algorithm and the amount of memory required at the receivers include the compromises between response time (MRI), guaranteed viewers, the bandwidth required for service requests, and the amount of buffer memory space provided in receivers. The principal advantage of the scheduling algorithm of the above type is the effective use of the transmission medium, which can be implemented. For example, if an MRI scan is required in 5 minutes, without a scheduling algorithm, the complete video program should be transmitted continuously from the beginning every 5 minutes. So, for a program with a playback time of 60 minutes, the full program must be transmitted 12 times. When using the above scheduling algorithm for the number of data packets required for transmission,
The relationship between MRI and the total amount of data to be transferred can be represented by the following equality of the “best fit curve”:
TOTAL DATA
BOS (MKT / 154,94) - 0.47782
The total data is taken in terms of URT, so that the amount of data 3 is 3 times the URT or 180 minutes of data for a 60-minute program supplied with an MRI scan in 5 minutes. FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of the relationship between MRI and the required transfer time.
video clock / hour or the total amount of
data.
It should be noted that, although the scheduling algorithm described above is the preferred form, the algorithm can be modified to allow a trade-off between transmission efficiency and the amount of required buffer memory. Commercial considerations will determine how to balance the balance of system costs. If more is spent on receiver buffers, then less is required to spend on the provision of transmission lines.
In the example of a modified planning algorithm, you can evade the requirement of the mandatory parcel RKT1. In this case, PCT1 and other selected packets may be transmitted less frequently and stored in the available buffer memory space in the receivers until the request is loaded. For example, the following application may be selected:
Each receiver is supplied with low-power buffer memory devices that remain active all the time to receive selected video packets. Suppose there are 10 main video programs, the receivers can be configured to save PKT1 each of the 10 main video programs. PKT1 is transmitted only at predetermined intervals in accordance with the modified planning algorithm, and not in each MRI, as in the above-described planning algorithm. Consequently, when the request for the main program is loaded, the first packet is already in the buffer memory of the receiver and is available for immediate viewing, while the modified scheduling algorithm is then applied. This can significantly reduce the requirements for the width of the transmission frequency band with a moderate increase in the cost of the receiver,
It is also possible to reduce peak transmission loads by moving away from the requirement that all requests begin to be serviced within the maximum period equal to MRT. By accepting a small percentage delay in service, it is possible to further smooth the transmission load.
A typical programmed control sequence, both on the head end computer and on the receiver, will now be described by reference to FIG. 3 and 4. When the head-end planning and routing computer accepts the subscriber's request, it records the subscriber's identifier, the identifier of the name of the requested program, and the time of the request. Computer tracking each request and its progress in the completion in accordance with the planning algorithm. There are usually several program streams transmitted at any particular time. The scheduling algorithm generates different data rates at different points in time, as noted above. By adjusting the input value of the S & T system for various program streams, the total data rate in the transmission medium can be maintained at a fairly constant level. Depending on the
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Soich, at which a specific request
enters the algorithm, the time to perform the
giving the requested program can find
ranging from 1 MRI to 1 URT or be
any value between them.
Consequently, when the head end computer has registered the subscriber ID, the title ID and the time of the request, it determines whether the requested program is currently active, and if so, enters the planned sequence into the conclusion of the current MRT time interval. If the requested program is not active at that moment, then the value of the A & C of the internal counter of the computer (maybe a program counter) is set to the proper starting value to ensure that the input of the A & C of the program is adjusted for each different program flow. For example, suppose that requests are made at the same time for programs A, B, C, and D, the service of all four requests can start at the same time. However, Program A will introduce a planned sequence of algorithm with a T & C of zero,
At the beginning of the next MRI interval, the computer introduces the sequence of programs of the planned algorithm noted above and schedules data packets for the requested title in accordance with the planned algorithm. The computer also adds the name identifier and packet identifier to each data packet. The computer then selects a free channel and transmits data packets along the marchute to the appropriate modem for transmission to the requesting receivers. The computer of the head end follows this sequence of steps until all the packets under the requested name are transmitted after the time of the last query by the given name. When the computer has determined that all pending requests are satisfied, additional packages are not transmitted under this program.
In the receiver, after the subscriber has sent the request, the receiver scans the transmission channels and
looking for a title id. When the receiver finds a name identifier, it searches for the package identifier and stores any packets that have not been received in the buffer memory. If a packet has already been received, this packet is discarded and the receiver continues to search for the remaining data packets until all the data packets for the video program are received. Data packets stored in the buffer memory can be sent to the receiver directly for immediate viewing or storing for later viewing. Although not illustrated in FIG. 4, the receiver can also be configured to search for its unique address identifier to provide a degree of protection against unauthorized reception of data.
From the above description of the preferred option for optimizing the transfer of programs containing the system and the method of presenting a custom video, it should be obvious that the scheduling algorithm used provides an effective means of transmitting the program to the many requesters who can play the program within a certain maximum response time. For specialists in electronics, television and telecommunications technology, it should be obvious that in the system and method of optimizing the transmission of programs, modifications and changes can be made that differ from those already described, without going beyond the limits of the basic concepts of the invention. For example, in alternative implementations of the system, an optical fiber network can be used for a distribution system, for example, to provide programming for air passengers. In addition, the system can work using analog communications, as well as digital, or a mixture of both. Although in the video-based system described above, video segments are transmitted in a compressed format, it is obvious that this is not an essential feature of the invention, since significant improvements in transmission efficiency can be achieved through a single scheduling algorithm, which can be expected. All such modifications and changes are considered within the scope of the present invention, the essence of which must be determined from the previous description and formula of the invention. Although in the video-based system described above, video segments are transmitted in a compressed format, it is obvious that this is not an essential feature of the invention, since significant improvements in transmission efficiency can be achieved through a single scheduling algorithm, which can be expected. All such modifications and changes are considered within the scope of the present invention, the essence of which must be determined from the previous description and formula of the invention. Although in the video-based system described above, video segments are transmitted in a compressed format, it is obvious that this is not an essential feature of the invention, since significant improvements in transmission efficiency can be achieved through a single scheduling algorithm, which can be expected. All such modifications and changes are considered within the scope of the present invention, the essence of which must be determined from the previous description and formula of the invention.
ten
41301
FIG. one
eleven
41301
a lot of
readings
Sets
readings
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readings
Modem
Modem
we will dress
Modem
amyat
Controller
Buffer memory I
Decompressor
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Ρ5ΤΝ56
Auxiliary
54
keyboard
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end
Planning computer
Knot
distribution
and routing
subscribers
About OOOOOO □ 00
Receivers
GE
capture
Modem
SSS
sn
FIG. 2
12
41301
FIG. 3
13
41301
FIG. four
14
41301
FIG. five
FIG. 6
15
41301
DC "Ukrainian Institute of Industrial Property Administration" (Ukrpatent) Ukraine, 01133, Kyiv-133, blvd. Lesі Ukrainian, 26 (044) 295-81-42, 295-61-97
Signed before druku_2002 p. Format 60x84 1/8.
Obsyag_obl.-view. arc Circulation 50 approx. Deputy_
UkrInTEI, 03680, Kyiv-39 Small and medium business, vul. Gorky, 180.
(044) 268-25-22
sixteen
Contents12
23 members in 12 offices
Priority claims7
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PJ5933 | Australia | – | |
| PJ593389 | Australia | A | |
| 9000370 | Australia | W | |
| AU1989PJ05933 | – | – | – |
| PCTAU9000370 | – | – | – |
| PJ5933 | – | – | – |
| WO1990AU00370 | – | – | – |
Members23
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2064855A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO9103112A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| AU6183390A | Australia | A | |
| EP0573406A4 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A4 | |
| EP0573406A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| AU645028B2 | Australia | B2 | |
| US5421031A | United States of America | A | |
| EP0573406B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| AT154182T | Austria | T | |
| DE69030886D1 | Germany | D1 | |
| ES2104609T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| US5701582A | United States of America | A | |
| DK0573406T3 | Denmark | T3 | |
| DE69030886T2 | Germany | T2 | |
| RU2106758C1 | Russian Federation | C1 | |
| KR0184237B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| UA41301C2This record | Ukraine | C2 | |
| CA2064855C | Canada | C | |
| US6519693B1 | United States of America | B1 | |
| US2004064497A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2006244824A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US7594250B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US7793282B2 | United States of America | B2 |
Numbers
- Publication
- 41301
- Publication, DOCDB
- 41301
- Publication, EPODOC
- UA41301
- Application
- 94040988
- Application, DOCDB
- 94040988
- Application, EPODOC
- UA199094040988
Titles3
- Ukrainian
- СПОСІБ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ПЕРЕДАВАННЯ ПРОГРАМИ БАГАТЬОМ КОРИСТУВАЧАМ,CИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ЙОГО РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ТА ВИКОРИСТОВУВАНІ В СИСТЕМІ ПРИЙМАЧ ДЛЯ ПРИЙМАННЯ ПРОГРАМИ ТА ПРИСТРІЙ ПЛАНУВАННЯ .
- English
- METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZATION OF PROGRAM TRANSMISSION TO MANY USERS AND RECEIVER FOR PROGRAM RECEPTION AND PLANNING DEVICE USED IN THE SYSTEM
- Russian
- СПОСОБ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ПЕРЕДАЧИ ПРОГРАММЫ МНОГИМ ПОЛЬЗОВАТЕЛЯМ, СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ЕГО РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ И ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМЫЕ В СИСТЕМЕ ПРИЕМНИК ДЛЯ ПРИЕМА ПРОГРАММЫ И УСТРОЙСТВА ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ
Classification
- CPC, 19
- H04N7/17336
- G09B5/065
- G09B5/12
- H04N7/002
- H04N7/17318
- H04N21/2221
- H04N21/23109
- H04N21/232
- H04N21/236
- H04N21/2408
- H04N21/26216
- H04N21/426
- H04N21/434
- H04N21/47202
- H04N21/6118
- H04N21/6168
- H04N21/6581
- H04N21/8456
- H04N2007/1739
- IPC, 23
- H04N7 12
- H04N7 08
- G06F3 023
- G09B5 06
- G09B5 12
- G09C5 00
- G11B27 36
- H04H20 00
- H04N5 44
- H04N5 455
- H04N7 00
- H04N7 173
- H04N21 222
- H04N21 231
- H04N21 232
- H04N21 236
- H04N21 24
- H04N21 262
- H04N21 434
- H04N21 472
- H04N21 61
- H04N21 658
- H04N21 845