Anti-fog coating comprising aqueous polymeric dispersion, crosslinker & surfactant

As described in, for example, U.S. Patent No. 7,008,979, fog formation occurs at high humidity and high temperature conditions or at interface boundaries where large temperature and humidity differences exist. Coatings (i.e., anti-fogging coatings) have been reported which have been reported to reduce the tendency of the surface to "fog".

To prevent this fogging, it is known to use various surfactants to provide anti-fog properties to articles. For example, a hydrophilic agent is added to the polyurethane to impart anti-fog properties. Antifogging coating compositions for transparent surfaces have been proposed which comprise a three-dimensionally crosslinked polyurethane having a free surfactant disposed within the open domain of the crosslinked structure. The coating compositions are prepared by reacting an isocyanate with a polyfunctional polyol to obtain a polyurethane, and subsequently contacting the thus prepared polyurethane with a hydrophilic surfactant to render the surface The molecules of the active agent diffuse into the interior of the coating. (See, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,551,484 and 4,609,688 to Radisch et al.)

However, the surfactant does not enter the polyurethane by a chemical reaction, but is physically disposed within the polymeric structure. Therefore, the cured coating is susceptible to undesirable leaching and corrosion of the surfactant, thereby reducing the anti-fog properties of the coating composition.

It has also been proposed to impart a anti-fog property to the coating composition by reacting the surfactant into the polyurethane coating composition by reaction. For example, it has been proposed to add a sulfonated "resin" to a polyurethane to prepare a coating having various characteristics including anti-fog characteristics. These resins are composed of diols or diamines and two The carboxylic acid ester is prepared by reaction, which in turn sulfonates the double bond or quaternizes the amine. The resins are intended to enhance the hydrophilic character and water absorption of the polyurethane coating by reacting in an end-to-end manner into the polyurethane backbone rather than as a pendant group. The resins which react in an end-to-end manner rather than remaining at the end of the polyurethane chain do not provide a clear division of the hydrophilic group and the hydrophobic group and, in this respect, do not function as a surfactant. That is, it cannot reduce the interfacial tension by providing cooperation between different hydrophilic portions and hydrophobic portions. (See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 3,822,238 to Blair et al.)

Polyurethane compositions suitable for use as coatings for transparent substrates have also been proposed which have improved self-healing properties and prevent surface moisture from forming. The polyurethane compositions are prepared by reacting an isocyanate with a polyol mixture, including a difunctional sulfonated polyether polyol and a trifunctional polyol. Such a polyurethane composition incorporates only the polyol combination that imparts a hydrophilic character to the coating and does not additionally incorporate a surfactant material in the composition. (See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 4,754,152 to Fock et al.)

However, such compositions are neither capable of providing permanent anti-fog properties (i.e., anti-fog properties maintained after repeated washing or long-term soaking in water) nor effective for more than a few hours of use.

Further, it is known to incorporate a nonionic surfactant containing a reactive functional group into a polyurethane prepared by using polyvinylpyrrolidone as a hydrophilic agent. For example, anti-fog coating compositions are known which have an isocyanate prepolymer which is reacted with a polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer, the reaction product of which is subsequently reacted with a reactive group reactive with isocyanate (for example A nonionic surfactant reaction of a hydroxyl reactive group). However, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, while useful for increasing the hydrophilicity of polyurethane substrates and improving anti-fog properties, generally reduce the scratch resistance, chemical resistance, and water of the cured polyurethane surface. Sensitivity and durability. Thus, while these compositions are known to provide anti-fog properties upon curing, their solvent sensitivity, flexibility, and scratch resistance are less than ideal. (See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 4,467,073 to Creasy)

While various anti-fog coatings have been described, the advantages of alternative compositions that provide sustained durable anti-fog properties will be found in the industry.

In one embodiment, an anti-fog coating composition is described comprising an aqueous polymeric dispersion; a crosslinking agent and a surfactant; wherein the dried and cured coating composition is within 8 seconds of immersion in water at 25 ° C for 1 hour Does not show fog. In a preferred embodiment, the dried and cured coating composition does not exhibit fogging for 60 seconds after soaking in water at 50 °C for 24 hours.

Articles comprising a dried and cured coating composition disposed on a substrate and methods of providing an anti-fog coating on the substrate are also described.

The coating compositions described herein are suitable for imparting anti-fog characteristics. The coating composition comprises an aqueous polymeric dispersion, typically comprising an aqueous polymeric dispersion which can be made into a latex, and more typically comprises an alkaline pH stable latex. Preferred polymeric dispersions include polyurethane dispersions, acrylic dispersions, and mixtures thereof. These polymers typically have thermoplastic properties.

The term "polyurethane" includes any of the polyurethane-containing segments. What is the polymeric material. The term "polyurethane segment" refers to at least two urethane and/or urea groups attached by an organic group.

The term "acrylic" includes any polymer or copolymer of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of such acids or acrylonitrile.

Thermoplastic polyurethane compositions are typically the reaction product of a diisocyanate with a short chain diol (also known as a chain extender) and a diisocyanate with a long chain difunctional diol (referred to as a polyol). The polyurethane is characterized by having a urethane group (i.e., -NH-(C=O)-O-) linking the segments derived from the diisocyanate and the diol. The urethane group contains a carbonyl group, that is, a carbon atom bonded to an oxygen atom by a double bond, C=O.

Non-limiting examples of long chain polyols are polyether polyols, polyester polyols, acrylic polyols, and mixtures of such polyols. In general, polyester based thermoplastic urethanes are well known for providing good abrasion resistance and chemical resistance. The final resin consists of a linear polymeric chain in a block structure. The chains contain low polarity segments (referred to as "soft segments") that alternate with shorter high polarity segments (referred to as "hard segments"). The two segments are joined together by covalent bonds to form a random copolymer or block copolymer.

Polyester polyols are prepared by polyesterifying an organic polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof with an organic polyol and/or an epoxide. Generally, polycarboxylic acids and polyols are aliphatic or aromatic dibasic acids and diols. The diols commonly used in the preparation of polyesters include, but are not limited to, non-cyclic alkanediols (such as ethylene glycol and neopentyl glycol) and cyclic diols (such as hydrogenated bisphenol A, cyclohexanediol, and rings). Hexane dimethanol). Higher functional polyols can also be used. Non-limiting examples include trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol as well as higher molecular weight polyols, such as alkylation by oxylation A polyol prepared from a low molecular weight polyol.

The acid component of the polyester consists essentially of a monomeric carboxylic acid or anhydride having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule. The acids that can be used are phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, sebacic acid, maleic acid, glutaric acid, chloric acid, and citric acid. And dodecanoic acid. Higher polycarboxylic acids such as trimellitic acid and tricarboxylic acid can also be used. It will be appreciated that where an acid is mentioned above, an acid anhydride which forms an acid anhydride can be used in place of the acid. Lower alkyl esters of acids such as dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl terephthalate can also be used.

In addition to the polyester polyol, a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic polymer or an acrylic polyol may be used as the polyol component.

Examples of polyether polyols are polyalkylene ether polyols, including polyalkylene ether polyols having the general formula:<chemistry general="n"><img id="" he="333" wi="1414" file="TWI576397B_D0001.tif" alt="" img-content="drawing" img-format="tif" orientation="portrait" inline="no" /></chemistry>Wherein the substituent R is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms (including a mixed substituent), n is usually 2 to 6, and m is 10 to 100 or even 100 or more. Including poly(oxytetramethylene) glycol, poly(oxyethylidene) glycol, poly(oxy-1,2-propenyl) glycol, and ethylene glycol with 1,2-epoxypropane and ring The reaction product of a mixture of oxyethanes.

Polyisocyanates which may be used include aromatic and aliphatic polyisocyanates, of which aliphatic polyisocyanates are preferred due to their excellent UV stability and non-yellowing tendency. Non-limiting examples of such polyisocyanates include monomeric polyisocyanates Acid esters such as toluene diisocyanate and 4,4'-methylene-bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate), isophorone diisocyanate; and NCO prepolymers, such as monomeric polyisocyanates (such as the above monomers) The reaction product of a polyisocyanate with a polyester or a polyether polyol. Isocyanurates from isophorone isocyanate and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (both commercially available) are particularly desirable.

In some embodiments, the polyurethane dispersion comprises a polyester backbone, a polycarbonate backbone, a polyester carbonate, or a combination thereof. In other embodiments, the acrylic dispersion comprises an acrylic backbone, a hydroxyl containing acrylic backbone, or a combination thereof. In other embodiments, the polymeric dispersion is a urethane-acrylic mixture or a polycarbonate urethane/acrylic mixture. In some embodiments, the polymer is described as having a polycarbonate or carbonate backbone. In such embodiments, the polymer comprises an aliphatic or aromatic carbonate moiety, such as a bisphenol A carbonate moiety.

A variety of methods have been developed to prepare water-based or aqueous polymeric dispersions. In the preparation of aqueous polyurethane polymers, medium molecular weight polymers (eg, prepolymers) are typically formed by reacting a suitable diol or polyol with a molar excess of diisocyanate or polyisocyanate in the presence of an internal emulsifier. ). The internal emulsifier is typically a diol having an ionic group (carboxylate, sulfonate or quaternary ammonium salt) or a nonionic group, such as polyethylene oxide. Depending on the type of hydrophilic segment present in the polyurethane backbone, aqueous polyurethane dispersions are typically of three types (ie, nonionic, cationic, and anionic). One of them. In the case of anionic polyurethanes, dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) is usually incorporated into the polyurethane backbone because it is effective for aqueous dispersions and subsequently with triethyl Amine neutralization reaction in. The carboxylate ion of DMPA in the polymer is hydrophilic and acts as an anionic center as well as an internal emulsifier. Carboxylate ions not only stabilize the aqueous polyurethane dispersion but also provide a cure site. Aqueous acrylic polymers are also typically prepared with internal emulsifiers, whereby carboxylate ions are typically also included to stabilize the dispersion and provide a cure site.

The (e.g., polyurethane and/or acrylic) polymer is typically dispersed in a liquid diluent to form a polymeric dispersion. "Liquid thinner" means a solvent that evaporates and removes after application of the coating. In a preferred embodiment, the coating composition primarily comprises water as a diluent with little or no organic solvent. In this embodiment, the concentration of the organic solvent is typically less than 2%, 1.5%, 1%, or 0.5% by weight of the coating composition. Polyurethane dispersions available from Incorez under the trade designation "W835 Series" are described as co-solvent-free polyurethane dispersions.

The (eg, polyurethane and/or acrylic) polymer dispersed in the aqueous diluent is a film forming polymer. Suitable polymer latexes and methods for their preparation are widely known in the art and are commercially available.

Typically, the shape of the particles in the polymer latex is substantially spherical. The polymer core may comprise one or more water insoluble polymers, but this is not required. Suitable polymer particle sizes include typical particle sizes of latexes and other dispersions or emulsions. Typical polymer particle sizes range from about 0.01 microns to 100 microns, preferably from 0.01 microns to 0.2 microns, although this is not required.

Examples of commercially available aqueous aliphatic polyurethane emulsions include NEOREZ R-960, NEOREZ R-967, NEOREZ R-9036, and NEOREZ R-9699 from DSM NeoResins, Inc., Wilmington, MA; ESSENTIAL CC4520, ESSENTIAL CC4560, ESSENTIAL R4100 and ESSENTIAL R4188 from an aqueous anionic polyurethane dispersion of Essential Industries, Inc., Merton, WI; available from Lubrizol, Inc. as SANCURE 843, SANCURE 898 and SANCURE 12929, Cleveland, OH polyester polyurethane dispersion; aqueous aliphatic self-crosslinking urethane dispersion from Lubrizol, Inc., TURBOSET 2025; under the trade name "RU-077" and RU-075" was purchased from a polyurethane dispersion of Stahl USA, Peabody, MA.

A self-crosslinking polymer dispersion can be used in the ink receptive layer. The polymeric dispersions have a self-crosslinking function that is activated upon drying of the coating. The use of such dispersions removes the need to incorporate cross-linking compounds into the coating composition. Examples of the self-crosslinking polymer dispersion include a polyurethane dispersion available from Bayer Material Science, LLC, Pittsburgh, PA, and "NEOREZ R-661" from DSM Neoresins as "BAYHYDROL PR240".

Examples of commercially available aqueous aliphatic acrylic emulsions include under the trade name ROSHIELD^TMAnd RHOPLEX^TM(such as "ROSHIELD^TM 3188", "ROSHIELD^TM 3275", "ROSHIELD^TM 1024", "ROSHIELD^TM 636", "RHOPLEX^TM WL-96" and "RHOPLEX^TM CL-104") Acrylic latex available from Dow Coating Materials; under the trade name "UCAR^TM(such as "UCAR^TM LATEX 455", "UCAR^TM LATEX 443", "UCAR^TM LATEX 451" and "UCAR^TM LATEX DM109") from Arkema Coating Resins' acrylic latex; acrylic latex available from Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. under the trade name HYCAR® (such as "HYCAR® 26349"; "HYCAR® 26459"); and under the trade name "NEOCRYL" (such as "NEOCRYL A" -640", "NEOCRYL XK-220", "NEOCRYL A-1044", "NEOCRYL XK-90", "NEOCRLYL XK-96" and "NEOCRYL XK-95") were purchased from DSM NeoResins acrylic latex.

The dispersion of the polyurethane polymer can be characterized by measuring the 50-100 micron film of pure polyurethane formed by the dispersion (dried at 22 ° C / 50% RH for 14 days). Characterization. In some embodiments, the elongation of the film thus formed typically has an elongation at break in the range of from about 500% to about 600%. In some embodiments, the tensile strength is in the range of from about 15 MPa to 30 MPa.

In some embodiments, the acrylic dispersion comprises a polyacrylate backbone, a polycarbonate backbone, or a combination thereof.

Combinations of polymeric polymers can be used in (e.g., anti-fog) coating compositions. For example, the polyurethane dispersion may comprise two or more polyurethane polymers having different average molecular weights. Further, the composition may contain a combination of different types of polymers and polyurethanes, for example, by mixing an acrylic latex with a polyurethane latex. In one embodiment, the aqueous polyurethane dispersion comprises a mixture of "INCOREZ W835/140" and "NEOREZ R-961". Including "NEOREZ R-961" improves wear resistance. However, when the concentration of "NEOREZ R-961" exceeds a weight ratio of about 1:2 (that is, every 2 parts by weight) When "INCOREZ W835/140" exceeds 1 part by weight of "NEOREZ R-961", the paint will turn white when immersed in water. In another example, a combination of a polyurethane polymer and an acrylic polymer or a mixed polymer of an acrylic polymer and a polyurethane is used. An example of a commercially available acrylic urethane copolymer dispersion is available from DSM Neoresins under the tradename NEOPAC.

The coating composition typically comprises one or more (eg, polyurethane and/or acrylic) in a total amount of at least 40% by weight of the coating composition solids and typically not more than 90% by weight or 85% by weight or 80% by weight. polymer. In some embodiments, the coating composition comprises one or more polymers in an amount of at least 45% by weight or 50% by weight.

The (e.g., anti-fog) coating compositions described herein comprise at least one surfactant. The term "surfactant" as used herein describes a molecule that reduces the surface tension of a coating composition and provides a coating that imparts "good" to the substrate or article coated with the coating according to the test methods described in the examples. "Excellent" anti-fog properties. Surfactant molecules typically include hydrophilic (polar) and hydrophobic (non-polar) segments on the same molecule.

Suitable interfacial surfactants of the present invention include ionic (e.g., anionic, cationic), nonionic, and amphoteric surfactants. Surfactants can be classified by the presence of charged groups on their head form. The head of the ionic surfactant has a net charge. Anionic surfactants have a negatively charged hydrophilic group such as in the case of alkyl sulfates and ethoxylated alkyl sulfates. The cationic surfactant has a positively charged hydrophilic group such as in the case of a sodium salt and a quaternary (e.g., ammonium) salt. Non-detached The subtype surfactant has no charged groups at its head. Some illustrative surfactants are described in WO 2009/085680; this patent is incorporated herein by reference.

For embodiments in which the coating composition lacks the acid or salt of a polyalkylene oxide as the hydrophilic component, the coating composition comprises a sufficient amount of surfactant to render the coating composition an anti-fog composition. The surfactant concentration in the coating composition is typically at least 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% or 2% by weight of the coating composition. The surfactant concentration typically does not exceed 10% by weight of the coating composition.

In some embodiments, the (eg, anti-fog) coating composition comprises a non-ionic surfactant. Nonionic surfactants typically comprise an alkyl or alkenyl group having at least 6 or 8 or 10 or 12 carbon atoms. Such relatively long chain alkyl or alkylene groups are often referred to as "fat" groups. The number of carbon atoms may exceed 18 carbon atoms, with the proviso that the nonionic surfactant is liquid at ambient temperature (e.g., 25 ° C). In some embodiments, the alkyl or alkenyl group has no more than 24 carbon atoms. In some preferred embodiments, the alkyl group is an unbranched alkyl group. The alkyl or alkenyl group may optionally contain a substituent.

Various classes of nonionic surfactants are known, including, for example, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty amines, fatty guanamines, and derivatives thereof.

The fatty alcohol typically has the general formula: R-OH wherein R is the aforementioned (e.g., straight or branched) alkyl or alkenyl group, optionally substituted with an N, O or S atom at an effective position. Various fatty alcohols are known, including ten Glycol, cetyl alcohol CH₃(CH₂)₁₅OH, stearyl alcohol (also known as stearyl alcohol or 1-octadecyl alcohol) and oleyl alcohol.

In some embodiments, the nonionic surfactant is a derivative of a fatty alcohol. A preferred derivative is a fatty alcohol, ester or derivative thereof comprising an alkylene oxide repeating unit such as an ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide repeating unit. Such derivatives may also be referred to as polyethoxylated and/or polypropoxylated fatty alcohols, esters or derivatives thereof. Polyethoxylated fatty alcohols have the general formula: R-(OCH₂CH₂)_nOH wherein R is the aforementioned (e.g., straight or branched) alkyl or alkenyl group, optionally substituted with an N, O or S atom at an effective position. The number of repeating units of ethylene oxide "n" can be in the range of 2 to 20. In some embodiments, n is at least 3 or 4 and no more than about 10 or 12.

Surfactants comprising polyalkylene oxide repeat units, such as polyethoxylated fatty alcohols, can be preferred nonionic surfactants for coating compositions.

In some embodiments, the one or more polyethoxylated fatty alcohols are the sole surfactants of the coating composition. In other embodiments, a combination of at least one polyethoxylated fatty alcohol and a second surfactant is used. The polyethoxylated fatty alcohol surfactant can be used in combination with the second surfactant in a weight ratio of about 1:1 or 2:1. In some embodiments, the second surfactant is a polyoxyn surfactant, an ionic surfactant, or a mixture thereof.

In some embodiments, the coating composition comprises a combination of a nonionic surfactant and an ionic surfactant or a polyoxyxyl surfactant.

Polyoxynated surfactants generally contain various numbers of dimethyloxane The alkane backbone of the alkane unit is typically terminated with a trimethylphosphonoalkyl group at each end. The oxane backbone is typically a hydrophobic group. The hydrophilic group can be ionic, zwitterionic or nonionic and is typically attached to the decane backbone by a short alkyl chain. An illustrative oxoxane surfactant is a polyether modified alkane (available from Innovadex under the trade designation "BYK-346").

Various ionic surfactants are known. An illustrative ionic surfactant is sodium alpha olefin sulfonate (available from Stepan Company under the trade designation "A-18"). Another ionic surfactant is polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfate (available from Dai-Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku., Ltd., Japan under the trade name "Hitenol BC 10").

The various nonionic surfactants described above comprise a hydroxyl group. Anti-fog coatings have been previously described wherein a hydroxy-functional surfactant is used as a reactant during the formation of the polyurethane. (See, for example, US 3,822,238) However, in the currently described anti-fog coating compositions, a preformed (e.g., commercially available) polymer provided as an aqueous dispersion is used as a component. The polymer of the dispersion is generally free of hydroxyl reactivity. Thus, when a hydroxy-functional surfactant is combined with such a polyurethane dispersion, the surfactant does not react directly with the polyurethane. In other words, the surfactant does not react with (eg, a polyurethane and/or acrylic) polymer.

The anti-fog coatings described herein may optionally contain various hydrophilic additives. The hydrophilic additive differs from the surfactant in that the hydrophilic additive lacks a hydrophobic group and the hydrophobic group is an essential group for the surfactant. In some embodiments, the coating composition comprises a low concentration (eg, non-reactive) hydrophilic additive (such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) monomethyl ether) to enhance Anti-fog performance. In this embodiment, the concentration of the hydrophilic additive is typically at least 0.5% by weight or 1% by weight or 1.5% by weight or 2% by weight, and typically no more than about 5% by weight.

In another embodiment, the anti-fog coating comprises not reacting with the polyurethane polymer but reacting with a (eg, aziridine) crosslinking agent, thereby being crosslinkable by a (eg, aziridine) crosslinking agent. Hydrophilic additive. The concentration of such hydrophilic additive is typically at least 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10% by weight of the coating composition solids. In some embodiments, the concentration of the hydrophilic additive is at least 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, or 15% by weight. The concentration of the hydrophilic additive typically does not exceed about 35% by weight.

One example of a hydrophilic additive crosslinkable by a crosslinking agent is an acid or salt of a polyalkylene oxide. The additive typically comprises a polyalkylene oxide backbone comprising repeating units of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or a combination thereof. The number of repeating units of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide can be independently in the range of from 0 to 100, with the limitation that the total number of repeating units of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is in the range of from about 10 to 100. The polyalkylene oxide backbone typically contains more ethylene oxide repeat units than propylene oxide repeat units. In some embodiments, the ratio of ethylene oxide repeating units to propylene oxide repeating units is at least 2:1 or 3:1; or 4:1, or 5:1, or 6:1 or 7:1, or 8:1, or 9:1 or 10:1. The polyalkylene oxide backbone is generally linear and divalent and is terminated with an acid or salt group at each end. A divalent linking group is typically present between the polyalkylene oxide backbone and at least one or both terminal acid or salt groups. The linking group can vary depending on the starting compound and the reactants. In some embodiments, the additive consists of a polyalkylene oxide (also known as polyetheramine) and a dibutyl The anhydride reacts to form a diacid which is subsequently formed by reacting an alkyl group with an alkylamine to convert the acid group to an ammonium salt group. In this embodiment, the linking group between the polyalkylene oxide backbone and the terminal acid or salt group may be -CH₂NHCOC₂H₄-. However, other linking groups may be present by using other reaction schemes. The molecular weight of the linking group is generally relatively small to avoid reducing the hydrophilicity of the polyalkylene oxide backbone. In some embodiments, the linking group has a molecular weight of no more than 100 grams per mole. As the molecular weight of the polyalkylene oxide backbone increases, the molecular weight of the linking group also increases without reducing the hydrophilic character. However, the molecular weight of the linking group typically does not exceed about 20, 15 or 10% by weight of the total molecular weight of the hydrophilic additive (i.e., the molecular weight of the linking group divided by the total molecular weight multiplied by 100%).

In one embodiment, the hydrophilic additive comprises a divalent polyalkylene oxide backbone and a terminal acid or salt group, as represented by:<b>RL-(C</b>_<b>3</b><b>H</b>_<b>6</b><b>O)</b>_<b>x</b><b>(C</b>_<b>2</b><b>H</b>_<b>4</b><b>O)</b>_<b>y</b><b>-LR</b>Wherein R is a reactive group capable of reacting (covalently) with a (eg, aziridine) crosslinking agent, such as a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, L is a divalent linking group, and x and y are independently in the range of 0 to 100. The constraint is that the sum of x + y is in the range of about 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 to about 100.

The linking group L can vary depending on the choice of reactants. For example, when the polyalkylene oxide diol is reacted with an isocyanate compound, L can be -OCONH-. In another embodiment, L may be -NHCONH- when the polyalkylene oxide diamine is reacted with an isocyanate compound. In another embodiment, when the polyalkylene oxide diol is reacted with an anhydride or a carboxylic acid compound, L can be -(C=O)-O-. Poly ring When the oxodioic acid is reacted with the alcohol compound, L may also be an ester bond. In another embodiment, L can be -CONH- by reacting a polyalkylene oxide diacid or an acrylic acid chloride with a primary or secondary amine. The indoleamine bond can also be produced by reacting a polyalkylene diamine with an anhydride or a carboxylic acid compound. In another embodiment, L can be -NR- by reacting a polyalkylene oxide diamine with a halide or by reacting a polyalkylene oxide dihalide with an amine compound. In another embodiment, L can be -COS- by reacting a polyalkylene oxide diol with an acrylonitrile thiol or thiol ester compound. In addition, L can be -CS by reacting polyalkylene oxide dithiol with a thiol or mercapto compound.₂-. In another embodiment, L can be -S- by reacting a polyalkylene oxide dithiol with a halide. In another embodiment, L can be -O- by a condensation reaction of a polyalkylene oxide diol. In another embodiment, L can be -SCONH- by reacting a polyalkylene oxide dithiol with an isocyanate compound or by reacting a polyalkylene oxide diisocyanate with a thiol compound.

The relative ions of the acid salt can be ammonium and primary, secondary or tertiary alkyl ammonium. The counter ions may also be inorganic metal ions, including divalent zinc from zinc halides, zinc nitrate, zinc carbonate or zinc ammonium carbonate. Other inorganic metal ions include Cu, Ti, and Zr.

Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is hypothesized that the alkylene oxide repeating unit of the acid or salt of the polyalkylene oxide can help prevent surfactants that are compatible with the hydrophilic segments (eg, comprising alkylene oxide repeating units) Nonionic surfactants are leached from the coating.

The anti-fog coatings described herein comprise a crosslinking agent. The crosslinker typically reacts with a hydrophilic segment (e.g., a carboxylate) present in the backbone of the polymer (e.g., polyurethane and/or acrylic). Preferred crosslinkers include polyfunctional aziridines The crosslinker typically comprises at least three end groups.

An aqueous polymerization dispersion containing a carboxylic acid ion (for example, a carboxylate) and a polyaziridine curing agent can be formulated as a curing polymerization dispersion. The curing mechanism can be carried out at ambient temperature during the drying process when the pH drops below 6. In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent can also be reacted with a hydrophilic additive such as an acid or salt of a polyalkylene oxide.

The concentration of the (e.g., aziridine) crosslinker is typically at least 5% by weight of the coating composition solids. In some embodiments, a relatively high concentration (eg, aziridine) crosslinker is used. For example, the concentration of the (eg, aziridine) crosslinker is typically at least 10% or 15% by weight of the coating composition solids. The concentration of the (for example aziridine) crosslinker generally does not exceed 25% by weight or 24% by weight or 23% by weight or 22% by weight or 21% by weight or 20% by weight.

Various polyfunctional aziridine crosslinkers are known, such as trimethylolpropane tri[β-(N-aziridine)propionate], 2,2-bishydroxymethylbutanol ginseng [3- (1-Aziridine) propionate], aziridine-2-hydroxymethyl acrylate, aziridine-2-hydroxymethyl methacrylate, N-(2-aziridine)methyl Acrylamide, N-(2-aziridine)methylmethacrylamide, 1-(aziridine-2-yl)-2-oxaindene-3-ene, 4-(aziridine) 2-yl)-but-1-ene and 5-(aziridine-2-yl)-pent-1-ene. These particular aziridine crosslinkers are relatively hydrophobic crosslinkers.

Particularly for embodiments in which relatively high concentrations of crosslinker are present, it may be preferred to utilize a hydrophilic aziridine crosslinker rather than a hydrophobic crosslinker. The hydrophilic aziridine crosslinking agent can comprise an alkylene oxide repeating unit (such as an ethylene oxide repeating unit). The alkylene oxide (e.g., ethylene oxide) repeating unit number is typically at least 2 or 3 and typically does not exceed about 20. In some embodiments, an alkylene oxide (eg, epoxy B) The number of repeating units of the alkane is on average about 6, 7, 8, or 9. It is preferred to use a hydrophilic crosslinker for embodiments in which the composition is substantially free of or comprises a low concentration (not more than 5% by weight) of a hydrophilic additive.

An aziridine crosslinking agent comprising an ethylene oxide repeating unit can be obtained by reacting an ethoxylated alkyl poly(meth)acrylate (such as ethoxylated (9) trimethylpropane triacrylate) with an alkane Aziridine (such as 2-methylaziridine) is prepared by reaction. The aziridine crosslinker has the following formula:<chemistry general="n"><img id="" he="693" wi="1263" file="TWI576397B_D0002.tif" alt="" img-content="drawing" img-format="tif" orientation="portrait" inline="no" /></chemistry>Where R' is hydrogen or C₁-C₄Alkyl; R" is hydrogen or methyl, x, y and z are independently at least 1; and M is a divalent atom of a divalent linking group.

In some embodiments, the sum of x+y+z is at least 3, 4, 5, or 6. In addition, the sum of x+y+z may not exceed 20. In some embodiments, M is oxygen.

Other aziridine crosslinkers comprising alkylene oxide repeating units are described in U.S. Patent No. 8,017,666, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is hypothesized that the alkylene oxide repeating unit of the crosslinker helps to prevent surfactants that are compatible with the hydrophilic segments (eg, A nonionic surfactant such as an alkylene oxide repeating unit is leached from the coating.

In some embodiments, the one or more surfactants and the hydrophilic aziridine crosslinking agent are the primary or only hydrophilic components of the coating composition.

In other embodiments, the composition additionally comprises an acid or salt of a polyalkylene oxide.

In each of these embodiments, the coating composition can comprise less than 5% by weight or no other hydrophilic organic monomer, oligomer or polymer (such as a monomer or polymer derived from N-vinylpyrrolidone) .

In some embodiments, the anti-fog coating composition is free of inorganic nanoparticles. Such dried and cured compositions generally exhibit satisfactory abrasion resistance due to the choice of polyurethane and relatively high concentrations of crosslinker.

In other embodiments, the coating composition comprises inorganic nanoparticles having a concentration of at least 0.5%, 1%, or 2% by weight, and typically no more than about 40% by weight, of the solids of the coating composition. In some embodiments, the concentration of the inorganic nanoparticles is no more than about 30% or 20% by weight. In some embodiments, the linear wear capability is impaired, especially when 200 or 300 cycles are performed at a nanoparticle concentration of 15% by weight or greater.

"Nanoparticles" are defined herein as nanoparticles of nanometer size, preferably having an average particle size of no more than 100, 75 or 50 nanometers (nm). In some embodiments, the inorganic nanoparticles have an average particle size of no more than 40 nm or 30 nm or 20 nm (before surface modification). The average particle size of the nanoparticles is at least 1 nm, 2 nm or 3 nm.

As used herein, "particle size" and "particle size" have the same meaning and are used to refer to the largest dimension of a particle (or agglomerate thereof). In this situation, the "agglomeration" system Refers to a weak association between particles that can be bound together by charge or polarity and that can be broken down into smaller entities.

The average particle size of the nanoparticles can be measured using transmission electron microscopy. In the practice of the invention, the particle size can be determined using any suitable technique. Particle size refers to a number average particle size and is measured using an instrument using transmission electron microscopy or scanning electron microscopy. Another method of measuring particle size is dynamic light scattering, which measures the weight average particle size. An example of such an instrument that has been found to be suitable is the N4 PLUS submicron particle analyzer available from Beckman Coulter Inc., Fullerton, CA.

The size of the nanoparticles can be relatively uniform. Uniform size nanoparticles generally provide more reproducible results. The change in nanoparticle size is preferably less than 25% of the average particle size.

The surface area of the nanoparticles is preferably at least 10 square meters per gram, more preferably at least 20 square meters per gram and even more preferably at least 25 square meters per gram. The surface area of the nanoparticles is preferably greater than 750 square meters per gram.

The nanoparticles of the invention may be porous or non-porous. In some embodiments, the nanoparticles are composed only of cerium oxide. Cerium oxide may be a preferred nanoparticle, especially a cerium oxide nanoparticle derived from a ceric acid salt such as an alkali metal cerate or ammonium cerate. Here, the "cerium oxide nanoparticle" means a nanoparticle including only cerium oxide and a core-shell nanoparticle having a surface including cerium oxide. In other embodiments, the coating composition may comprise other inorganic oxides, such as ZrO₂(colloidal zirconia), Al₂O₃(colloidal alumina), CeO₂(colloidal cerium oxide), SnO₂(colloidal tin oxide) and TiO₂(colloidal titanium dioxide). Mixtures of these inorganic oxides can also be used Things.

Unmodified nanoparticles are usually provided in the form of a dispersion rather than a powder. Preferably, the dispersion typically contains from 15% to 50% by weight of colloidal particles dispersed in a fluid medium. Representative examples of suitable fluid media for colloidal particles include water, aqueous alcohol solutions, low carbon aliphatic alcohols, ethylene glycol, N,N-dimethylacetamide, formamide or combinations thereof. Preferred fluid media are aqueous, such as water and optionally one or more alcohols. Inorganic cerium oxide sols contained in aqueous media are well known in the art and are commercially available. The cerium oxide sol contained in water or a water-alcohol solution may be, for example, LUDOX (manufactured by EI duPont de Nemours and Co., Inc., Wilmington, DE), NYACOL (available from Nyacol Co., Ashland, MA) or NALCO ( It is commercially available under the trade name of Nalco Chemical Co., Naperville, IL. Suitable cerium oxide dispersions include "NALCO 1115" and "DVSZN004", both available from Nalco Chemical Company.

Inorganic nanoparticles typically comprise a surface treatment. Surface treatment of nanoparticles of nanometer size provides stable dispersion in the polymeric resin. The surface treatment preferably stabilizes the nanoparticles such that the particles will be sufficiently dispersed in the aqueous polyurethane dispersion to produce a substantially homogeneous composition. Further, the nanoparticles may be modified with a surface treating agent on at least a portion of their surface such that the stabilizing particles may be copolymerized or reacted with the polyurethane or aziridine crosslinking agent during curing.

In general, the surface treatment agent has a compatibility (and covalently, ionically or via strong physical adsorption) on the first end of the particle surface and imparts compatibility and/or cure in the remainder of the coating composition. Period and coating The second end of the reaction of the components of the feed composition. Examples of the surface treating agent include alcohols, amines, carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, phosphonic acids, decanes, and titanates. The preferred type of treating agent is determined in part by the chemical nature of the surface of the metal oxide. For cerium oxide and other cerium-containing fillers, decane is preferred.

In some embodiments, the nanoparticles comprise a surface treatment comprising a water dispersible group. The water dispersible group is a monovalent group capable of providing a hydrophilic character to the surface of the nanoparticle to reduce and preferably prevent excessive coalescence and precipitation of the nanoparticles in the aqueous coating solution. Such a surface treatment can be represented by the formula AL-WD, wherein A is a surface bonding group (i.e., for bonding to the surface of the nanoparticle), WD is a water dispersible group and L is an organic linking group or a bond. . The organic linking group L can be a linear or branched alkyl group, an extended aryl group or a combination of an alkyl group and an extended aryl group, optionally including a hetero atom.

The water-dispersible group is a hydrophilic or water-like group. It generally includes, for example, a nonionic group, an anionic group, a cationic group, a group capable of forming an anionic group or a cationic group when dispersed in water (for example, a salt or an acid), or a mixture thereof.

Examples of nonionic water-dispersible groups include polyalkylene oxide (e.g., PEG) groups. An illustrative decane surface treatment for cerium oxide nanoparticles is polyethylene oxide (PEG) decane such as 2-[methoxy(poly(ethyloxy)propyl)trimethoxydecane. The surface treatment may comprise other water dispersible groups as well as epoxy decane surface treatments, such as those described in WO 2009/085680; the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

The preferred amount of surface modifying agent can depend on several factors such as particle size, particle type, modifier molecular weight, and modifier type. Generally speaking, it is better The monolayer modifier is attached to the surface of the particle. The attachment procedure or reaction conditions required will also depend on the surface modifier used. For decane, it may be preferred to surface treatment at elevated temperature for about 1 to 24 hours under acidic or basic conditions.

The coverage level of the inorganic nanoparticles herein is reported based on the concentration of epoxy groups in the coating composition, assuming that 100% of the surface treatment functional groups are covalently bonded to the surface of the cerium oxide particles. In some embodiments, the inorganic nanoparticles comprise a surface treatment of 25% or 50% coverage.

The coating composition can be provided or impregnated into the applicator substrate (e.g., forming a coating pad or coating wipe) in liquid form (e.g., castable or sprayable). Suitable applicator substrates can be in the form of, for example, sponges, foams, wovens, nonwovens or knits. The term "nonwoven web" or "nonwoven structure" refers to a web or structure having a structure in which individual fibers are placed in an irregular manner. In contrast, fibers of a knitted or woven construction are placed in a regular manner.

The liquid polyurethane coating composition can be applied by conventional methods including spraying, spin coating, brushing, dipping, flow coating, etc., but is usually applied by spin coating or spraying. As is well known in the art, the coating operation can be carried out in a single stage or by a multi-stage coating procedure. The conditions suitable for curing (e.g., aziridine) crosslinkers as well as polyurethane urethane polymers can vary. In some embodiments, the coating is thermally cured at a temperature of from about 90 ° C to 120 ° C for about 20 minutes. In general, lower temperatures require longer curing times. Infrared heating can be used to reduce the time until the coating can be processed.

The dried and cured coating compositions described herein exhibit high clarity, greater than 90%, and are thus suitable for application to a variety of light transmissive substrates and articles. The dried and cured coating typically has a turbidity of less than 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 or 0.5%. Highly clear compositions are generally substantially free of opacifying pigments (i.e., less than 0.5% by weight or 0.1% by weight).

The coating composition can provide anti-fog properties to the substrate on which it is coated, dried, and cured. According to the test method described in the examples, if the coated substrate can prevent the formation of condensed water droplets sufficient to significantly reduce the transparency of the coated substrate so that it is not sufficiently seen, the dried and cured coating is considered to have " Good or "excellent" anti-fogging properties.

In some embodiments, the dried and cured coating composition is sufficiently durable to provide good or excellent anti-fog characteristics after initial and after immersion in water at 25 °C for 1 hour. In other embodiments, the dried and cured coating composition is sufficiently durable that it provides good or excellent anti-fog characteristics after immersion in water at 50 °C for 24 hours or in water at 65 °C for 120 hours.

In some embodiments, the dried and cured coating composition exhibits mechanical durability (ie, the turbidity of the coating increases only 1-7% turbidity change) after the linear razor abrasion test and wipes the coating 100 with a paper towel, No scratches were observed after 200 or 300 cycles.

There are a variety of items that can benefit from anti-fog coatings such as traffic signs, motor vehicle windows (especially windshields), protective eyewear (such as goggles, face shields, helmets, etc.) and architectural mosaic glass and other decorative glass items.

The substrate to which the anti-fog coating composition can be applied is preferably transparent or translucent to visible light. If the coating composition is used for a different purpose, the substrate may alternatively be opaque, such as in the case of stainless steel, polyvinyl chloride and fiberboard. The substrate includes organic and inorganic materials. Exemplary substrates are made from polyester (eg, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate), poly Carbonate (PC), allyl diethylene glycol carbonate, polyacrylate (such as polymethyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polyfluorene, polyether oxime, cellulose acetate butyrate, glass and the like , including blends and laminates thereof. Typically, the substrate is in the form of a film, sheet, panel or panel of material and is part of the article. The substrate can be flat, curved or have a shape. The article to be coated can be produced by blowing, casting, extrusion or injection molding.

The anti-fog coating can be applied to both sides of the substrate. Alternatively, the coating of the invention can be applied to one side of the substrate. The opposing faces of the substrate can be uncoated or coated with a variety of conventional anti-fog compositions. Preferably, the coated surface should face in the direction of higher moisture, such as on a mask, with the surface of the anti-fog coating facing the wearer.

The objects and advantages of the present invention are further illustrated by the following examples, but the particular materials and amounts thereof, and other conditions and details described in the examples are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

<b>Test description</b>

<b>Anti-fog test</b>

The anti-fogging property of the coating of the present invention is determined by placing the coated substrate on a container of hot water (at a temperature of about 50-60 ° C). If fogging is observed within 10 seconds, the coating is considered to have "bad" anti-fogging characteristics. If fogging is observed within 10-60 seconds, the coating is considered to have "good" anti-fogging properties. If fogging is observed after 60 seconds, the coating is considered to have "excellent" anti-fogging properties.

<b>Measurement of transmittance and turbidity</b>

The transmittance and turbidity values disclosed herein are based on Haze-Gard Plus turbidity. The meter (purchased from BYK-Gardiner, Silver Springs, MD) was measured according to the procedure described in ASTM D1003.

<b>Paint durability test</b>

The adhesion of the anti-fog coating to the (plastic) substrate is determined by a cross hatch/tape adhesion test. All coatings prepared according to the examples of the present invention passed the cross hatch/tape adhesion test.

The mechanical durability of the anti-fog coating is determined by performing a linear abrasion test on the coated substrate. The linear wear test was performed by wiping the coating with a paper towel for 100, 200 or 300 cycles under a constant force of about 1400 gram force (13.73 N). Subsequently, the turbidity of the coating was tested and the presence of scratches was visually observed.

<b>material</b>

A list of the following materials and their sources is mentioned throughout the examples section.

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<b>Instance</b>

<b>Preparation Examples 1-4</b>

<i>Synthesis of nanoparticles containing PEG decane surface treatment:</i>

For each of Preparation Examples 1-3, the cerium oxide nanoparticles modified with functional decane were passed through the selected cerium oxide nanoparticle dispersion. Slowly add the appropriate amount of functional decane to prepare. The relative amounts of the cerium oxide nanoparticle dispersion and the functional decane are determined according to the desired equivalent surface coverage. The resulting dispersion was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours and then heated to 65 ° C overnight in an oven. Table 1 below describes the cerium oxide nanoparticles obtained for each of Preparation Examples 1-3, the functional decane used, and the percent coverage. The resulting modified nanoparticle dispersions having different particle sizes and surface coverage were used as described in the examples below.

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<b>Preparation Example 4</b>

Synthesis of polyfunctional aziridine crosslinkers PZ-2382 and PZ-502:

The trifunctional aziridine crosslinkers PZ-2382 and PZ-502 are prepared via EM 2382 (MW=692) or SR-502 (MW=692) and 2-methylaziridine by Michael addition. . Briefly, 2-methylaziridine (9.1 g, 0.1385 mol) was added dropwise to EM 2382 or SR-502 (30 g, 0.0434 mol) at room temperature, followed by stirring at room temperature. The mixture was refluxed for 1 hour and then refluxed at 60 ° C for 24 hours. The excess methyl aziridine was removed under vacuum to finally obtain a pale yellow liquid product and referred to as PZ-2382 and PZ-502, respectively. The disappearance of the double bond from 5.8 to 6.4 confirmed the acrylate group and the A group. The reaction between the NH of the aziridine was successfully completed.

The NMR spectrum of the "EM-2382" trifunctional acrylate was obtained using a modern 500 MHz Avance III Bruker NMR (available from Bruker BioSpin Corporation, Tucson, AZ). According to the analysis, the acrylate contains 30% by weight or less of surfactant: HO-[CH₂CH₂O]nC₁₂H₂₅Therefore, the aziridine crosslinking agent prepared from "EM-2382" was calculated to contain 23% by weight of the surfactant.

<b>Preparation Example 5</b>

<i>Synthesis of PEG-based ammonium salts (900-DA and 2003-DA):</i>

To the succinic anhydride (10 g) dissolved in THF was added ED-900 (50 g) or ED-2003 (100 g) at 50 °C. After reacting at 50 ° C for 24 hours, the THF was removed under vacuum to obtain the product yellow viscous liquid or pale yellow wax, respectively. The obtained PEG-based diacid was dissolved in water to obtain a 30% aqueous solution, 10 g of triethylamine was added thereto, and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to obtain a PEG-based dicarboxylic acid ammonium salt having 30% by weight of solid. The resulting product was used in the form of a salt in the subsequent examples. The reaction scheme is as follows.

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<b>General process for forming an anti-fog coating</b>

The ingredients were mixed together at room temperature and stirred for 20 minutes. The resulting coating solution having a solids content of about 30-35% is coated on a polyester (PET), polycarbonate (PC) or glass substrate using a No. 15 Mayer bar or by dip coating. The resulting coating is then cured at a temperature of 110-120 ° C for 20-30 minutes to form a coating of suitable characteristics (ie, a transparent and durable anti-fog coating).

<b>Dip coating procedure</b>

The clip with the newly prepared polycarbonate lens slide was placed on a metal rod of a Velmax Unislide dip coater. Align the carriage so that the sides are perpendicular to the top of the bench and the bottom is parallel to the top of the bench. Secure the binder clip with tape. The substrate was immersed in the coating solution and gradually pulled out at an appropriate pulling speed of about 1 mm/sec.

<b>Example 1</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 79.7 grams) was mixed with 4.5 grams of PZ-2382 (pure) and 15.8 grams of water, followed by stirring for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The anti-fog efficacy of the resulting coated PC film was tested as described above. The sample of Example 1 had "excellent" anti-fogging properties (fogging after exposure to 50 ° C for 65-70 seconds) with good light transmission (&gt; 90%).

<b>Example 2</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 75.0 grams) was mixed with 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (pure) and 9.0 grams of water, followed by stirring for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. Solution with a No. 14 Meyer rod (30% by weight solid) The body was coated on a PC film and then cured at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog appeared when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt;90%). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PC film still showed "good" anti-fog performance.

<b>Example 3</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 65.6 grams) was mixed with 9.0 grams of PZ-2382 (pure) and 25.37 grams of water, followed by stirring for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog appeared when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt;90%). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PC film still showed "good" anti-fog performance.

<b>Example 4</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/177 (34% by weight, 61.8 grams) was mixed with 9.0 grams of PZ-2382 (pure) and 29.2 grams of water, followed by stirring for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog appeared when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt;90%). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PC film still showed "good" anti-fog performance.

<b>Example 5</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/360 (33% by weight, 63.6 grams) was mixed with 9.0 grams of PZ-2382 (pure) and 27.4 grams of water, followed by stirring for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog appeared when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt;90%). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PC film still showed "good" anti-fog performance.

<b>Example 6</b>

Polyurethane dispersion U9800 (34% by weight, 61.8 grams) was mixed with 9.0 grams of PZ-2382 (pure) and 29.2 grams of water, followed by stirring for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog appeared when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt;90%). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PC film still showed "good" anti-fog performance.

<b>Example 7</b>

Polyurethane dispersion R961 (34% by weight, 61.8 grams) was mixed with 9.0 grams of PZ-2382 (pure) and 29.2 grams of water, followed by stirring for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog appeared when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt;90%). Soak in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 °C water After 24 hours, the coated PC film still showed "good" anti-fog performance.

<b>Example 8</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 74.1 grams) was mixed with 6.0 grams of PZ-502 (pure), 1.0 g of BYK-346 and 18.9 grams of water, followed by stirring for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained . The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog appeared when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt;90%). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PC film still showed "good" anti-fog performance.

<b>Example 9</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 74.1 grams) was mixed with 6.0 grams of PZ-502 (pure), 1.0 gram of BRIJ 30 and 18.9 grams of water, followed by stirring for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog appeared when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt;90%). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PC film still showed "good" anti-fog performance.

Table 1 below summarizes the components of the resulting cured coating (on the PC film) of Examples 1-9 and the relative amounts of the components.

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As previously stated, PZ-2382 contains 23% surfactant. Therefore, 15% by weight of PZ-2382 = 3.5% by weight of surfactant and 11.5% by weight of hydrophilic aziridine crosslinker

20% by weight PZ-2382=4.6% by weight of surfactant and 15.4% by weight of hydrophilic aziridine crosslinker

30% by weight PZ-2382=6.9% by weight of surfactant and 23.1% by weight of hydrophilic aziridine crosslinker

<b>Example 10</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 75.0 grams) and 4.5 grams of PZ-2382 (pure), 5.0 grams of PEG-modified DVSZN004 (Preparation Example 2, 50% coverage and 30 weight The mixture was mixed with 15.5 grams of water and then stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. With 14 The Meyer rod was applied to a PC film with a solution (30% by weight solids), followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). No scratches were observed with linear abrasion of the paper towel at 1400 gram force for more than 100 cycles. After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PET film still showed "good" anti-fog performance.

<b>Example 11A</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 75.0 grams) and 4.5 grams of PZ-2382 (pure), 5.0 grams of PEG-modified DVSZN004 (Preparation Example 2, 50% coverage and 30 weight The mixture was mixed with 15.5 grams of water and then stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). No scratches were observed with linear abrasion of the paper towel at 1400 gram force for more than 100 cycles. After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PET film still showed "good" anti-fog performance.

<b>Example 11B</b>

The same coating composition as in Example 11A was applied to the PET film in the same manner as in Example 11A. The resulting coated PET film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PET film still showed "good" anti-fog performance.

<b>Example 11C</b>

The same coating composition as in Example 11A was applied to a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film in the same manner as in Example 11A. The resulting coated PMMA film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PET film still showed "good" anti-fog performance.

<b>Example 11D</b>

The same coating composition as in Example 11A was applied to a glass substrate in the same manner as in Example 11A. The resulting coated glass substrate exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PET film still showed "good" anti-fog performance.

<b>Example 12</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 65.6 grams) and 7.5 grams of PZ-2382 (pure), 5.0 grams of PEG-modified DVSZN004 (Preparation Example 2, 50% coverage and 30 weight The mixture was mixed with 21.9 g of water and then stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC sheet using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC sheet exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PET film still showed "good" anti-fog performance.

<b>Example 13</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 65.6 grams) and 7.5 grams of PZ-2382 (pure), 5.0 grams modified with PEG DVSZN004 (Preparation Example 3, 100% coverage and 30% by weight solids) and 21.9 grams of water were mixed, followed by stirring for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PET film still showed "good" anti-fog performance.

<b>Example 14</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 65.6 grams) and 7.5 grams of PZ-2382 (pure), 5.0 grams of PEG-modified DVSZN004 (Preparation Example 2, 50% coverage and 30 weight %) mixed with 21.9 g of water, followed by stirring for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. Subsequently, 0.6 g of poly(ethylene glycol) (200) monomethacrylate was added to the above dispersion under stirring until a homogeneous dispersion was formed. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PET film still exhibited "good" anti-fog performance and durability.

<b>Example 15</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 65.6 grams) and 7.5 grams of PZ-2382 (pure), 5.0 grams of PEG-modified DVSZN004 (Preparation Example 2, 50% coverage and 30 weight %) mixed with 21.9 g of water, followed by stirring for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. Subsequently, at 1.0 g of BYK-346 was added to the above dispersion with stirring until a homogeneous dispersion was formed. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PET film still exhibited "good" anti-fog performance and durability.

<b>Example 16</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 65.6 grams) and 7.5 grams of PZ-2382 (pure), 5.0 grams of PEG-based modified DVSZN004 (Preparation Example 2, 50% coverage and 30 The wt%) and 21.9 g of water were mixed and then stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. Subsequently, 1.0 g of BRIJ 30 was added to the above dispersion under stirring until a homogeneous dispersion was formed. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PET film still exhibited "good" anti-fog performance and durability.

<b>Example 17</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 65.6 grams) was mixed with 7.5 grams of PZ-2382 (pure), 1.5 grams of AL-2450 and 22.9 grams of water, followed by stirring for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained . The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). Soak at room temperature After 1 hour in water and 24 hours in water at 50 ° C, the coated PET film still exhibited "good" anti-fog performance and durability.

<b>Example 18</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 8.43 grams) and 0.94 grams of R-961 (32%), 1.15 grams of PZ-2382 (pure) and 2.5 grams of PEG-based modified DVSZN004 ( Preparation Example 2, 50% coverage and 10% by weight) were mixed, followed by stirring for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. Subsequently, 0.4 g of A-18 and 0.2 g of BC-10 were separately added to the above dispersion under stirring until a homogeneous dispersion was formed. The solution was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PC film still showed "good" anti-fog effect and durability.

<b>Example 19</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 65.6 grams) and 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (pure, prepared as described above in Preparation Example 21), 10.0 grams of PEG-based modified DVSZN004 ( Preparation Example 4, 5% coverage and 30% by weight) and 18.4 grams of water were mixed, followed by stirring for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PC film still showed "good" anti-fog performance.

<b>Example 20</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 56.3 grams) and 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (pure), 20.0 grams of PEG-based modified DVSZN004 (Preparation Example 4, 5% coverage and 30 The wt%) and 17.7 g of water were mixed and then stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PC film still showed "good" anti-fog performance.

<b>Example 21</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 28.1 grams) and 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (pure), 50.0 grams of PEG-based modified DVSZN004 (Preparation Example 4, 5% coverage and 30 The wt%) and 15.9 g of water were mixed and then stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and 50 ° C water for 24 hours, the coated PC film still showed "good" anti-fog performance.

Table 2 below summarizes the components of the resulting cured coating (on the substrate) of Examples 10-21 and the relative amounts of the components.

<img id="" he="2120" wi="2187" file="TWI576397B_D0008.tif" alt="" img-content="drawing" img-format="tif" orientation="portrait" inline="no" />

As previously stated, PZ-2382 contains 23% surfactant. Therefore, 15% by weight of PZ-2382 = 3.5% by weight of surfactant and 11.5% by weight of hydrophilic aziridine crosslinker

25 wt% PZ-2382 = 5.8 wt% surfactant and 19.2 wt% hydrophilic aziridine crosslinker

24.2% by weight PZ-2382=5.6% by weight of surfactant and 18.6% by weight of hydrophilic aziridine crosslinker

23% by weight PZ-2382=5.3% by weight of surfactant and 17.7% by weight of hydrophilic aziridine crosslinker

<b>Example 22</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 60.9 grams) was mixed with 15 grams of 900-DA (30% by weight, prepared as described above in Preparation Example 5) with stirring to form a homogeneous dispersion. Then, 6.0 g of PZ-2382 (pure) and 18.1 g of water were added and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC sheet by a Velmax Unislide dip coater, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After immersing in room temperature water for 240 hours and in 80 ° C water for 96 hours or 65 ° C water for 120 hours, the coated PC sheet still exhibits "excellent" anti-fog performance and is extremely durable.

<b>Example 23</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 60.2 grams) was mixed with 29.2 grams of 900-DA (30% by weight) with stirring to form a homogeneous dispersion, followed by the addition of 7.0 grams of PZ-2382 (pure And 3.6 grams of water and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt% solids) was applied to a PC sheet by a Velmax Unislide dip coater, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After immersing in room temperature water for 240 hours and in 80 ° C water for 96 hours or 65 ° C water for 120 hours, the coated PET film still exhibits "excellent" anti-fog performance and is extremely durable.

<b>Example 24</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 54.7 grams) was mixed with 35 grams of 900-DA (30% by weight) with stirring to form a homogeneous dispersion, followed by the addition of 7.0 grams of PZ-2382 (pure And 3 g of water and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt% solids) was applied to a PC sheet by a Velmax Unislide dip coater, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After immersing in room temperature water for 240 hours and in 80 ° C water for 96 hours or 65 ° C water for 120 hours, the coated PC sheet still exhibits "excellent" anti-fog performance and is extremely durable.

<b>Example 25</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 65.6 grams) was mixed with 23.3 grams of 900-DA (30% by weight) with stirring to form a homogeneous dispersion, followed by the addition of 7.0 grams of PZ-2382 (pure 1 g of BYK-346 and 3 g of water and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt% solids) was applied to a PC sheet by a Velmax Unislide dip coater, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After immersing in room temperature water for 240 hours and in 80 ° C water for 96 hours or 65 ° C water for 120 hours, the coated PC film still exhibits "excellent" anti-fog performance and is extremely durable. The glass plate and the PC lens were coated with the above coating solution by a casting and dip coating method, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated glass plate and PC lens had "excellent" anti-fog performance before and after immersion in room temperature water and hot water for 24 hours.

<b>Example 26</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 54.7 grams) was mixed with 35.0 grams of 900-DA (30% by weight) with stirring to form a homogeneous dispersion, followed by the addition of 7.0 grams of PZ-2382 (pure 1 g of BYK-346 and 4 g of water and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt% solids) was applied to a PC sheet using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After immersing in room temperature water for 240 hours and in 80 ° C water for 96 hours or 65 ° C water for 120 hours, the coated PC film still exhibits "excellent" anti-fog performance and is extremely durable. The glass plate and the PC lens were coated with the above coating solution by a casting and dip coating method, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated glass plate and PC lens had "excellent" anti-fog performance before and after immersion in room temperature water and hot water for 24 hours.

<b>Example 27</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 56.3 grams) was mixed with 15.0 grams of 900-DA (30% by weight) with stirring to form a homogeneous dispersion, followed by the addition of 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (pure 5.0 g of PEG-modified DVSZN004 (Preparation Example 2, 50% coverage and 30% by weight) and 17.7 g of water were stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC sheet by a Velmax Unislide dip coater, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After immersing in room temperature water for 240 hours and in 80 ° C water for 96 hours or 65 ° C water for 120 hours, the coated PC film still shows "excellent" anti-fog effect. Can be extremely durable. The PC lens was coated with the above coating solution by dip coating, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC lens had "excellent" anti-fog performance before and after immersion in room temperature water and hot water for 24 hours.

<b>Example 28</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 60.9 grams) was mixed with 15 grams of 2003-DA (30% by weight) with stirring to form a homogeneous dispersion, followed by the addition of 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (pure And 18.1 grams of water and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC sheet by a Velmax Unislide dip coater, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After immersing in room temperature water for 240 hours and in 80 ° C water for 96 hours or 65 ° C water for 120 hours, the coated PC sheet still exhibits "excellent" anti-fog performance and is extremely durable.

<b>Example 29</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 60.9 grams) was mixed with 25 grams of 900-DA (30% by weight) with stirring to form a homogeneous dispersion, followed by the addition of 3.0 grams of PZ-502 (pure And 11.1 grams of water and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After immersing in room temperature water for 240 hours and in 80 ° C water for 96 hours or 65 ° C water for 120 hours, the coated PC film still exhibits "excellent" anti-fog performance and is extremely durable.

<b>Example 30</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 60.9 grams) was mixed with 25 grams of 900-DA (30% by weight) with stirring to form a homogeneous dispersion, followed by the addition of 3.0 grams of PZ-502 (pure And 11.1 grams of water and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC sheet using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After immersing in room temperature water for 240 hours and in 80 ° C water for 96 hours or 65 ° C water for 120 hours, the coated PC film still exhibits "excellent" anti-fog performance and is extremely durable.

<b>Example 31</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 60.9 grams) was mixed with 25 grams of 900-DA (30% by weight) with stirring to form a homogeneous dispersion, followed by the addition of 3.0 grams of XL-706 (pure And 11.1 grams of water and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30% by weight solids) was applied to a PC film using a No. 14 Mayer bar, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After immersing in room temperature water for 240 hours and in 80 ° C water for 96 hours or 65 ° C water for 120 hours, the coated PC film still exhibits "excellent" anti-fog performance and is extremely durable.

<b>Example 32</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 60.9 grams) was mixed with 25 grams of 900-DA (30% by weight) with stirring to form a homogeneous dispersion, followed by the addition of 3.0 grams of CX-100 (pure And 11.1 grams of water and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. Solution with a No. 14 Meyer rod (30% by weight solid) The body was coated on a PC film and then cured at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After immersing in room temperature water for 240 hours and in 80 ° C water for 96 hours or 65 ° C water for 120 hours, the coated PC film still exhibits "excellent" anti-fog performance and is extremely durable.

<b>Example 33</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 54.7 grams) was mixed with 35.0 grams of 900-DA (30% by weight) with stirring to form a homogeneous dispersion, followed by the addition of 7.0 grams of PZ-2382 (pure 1 g of BRIJ 30 and 4 g of water and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt% solids) was applied to a PC sheet using a No. 14 Mayer rod or by dip coating, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After immersing in room temperature water for 240 hours and in 80 ° C water for 96 hours or 65 ° C water for 120 hours, the coated PC film still exhibits "excellent" anti-fog performance and is extremely durable. The glass plate and the PC lens were coated with the above coating solution by a casting and dip coating method, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated glass plate and PC lens had "excellent" anti-fog performance before and after immersion in room temperature water and hot water for 24 hours.

<b>Example 34</b>

Polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32% by weight, 65.6 grams) was mixed with 23.3 grams of 900-DA (30% by weight) with stirring to form a homogeneous dispersion, followed by the addition of 7.0 grams of PZ-2382 (pure 1 g of BRIJ 30 and 3 g of water and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. Use the 14th Mayer stick or The solution (35 wt% solids) was applied to the PC sheet by dip coating, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog occurred when exposed to 50 ° C vapor) and good light transmission (&gt; 90). After immersing in room temperature water for 240 hours and in 80 ° C water for 96 hours or 65 ° C water for 120 hours, the coated PC film still exhibits "excellent" anti-fog performance and is extremely durable. The glass plate and the PC lens were coated with the above coating solution by a casting and dip coating method, followed by curing at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated glass plate and PC lens had "excellent" anti-fog performance before and after immersion in room temperature water and hot water for 24 hours.

Table 3 below summarizes the components of the resulting cured coating (on the substrate) of Examples 22-34 and the relative amounts of the components.

<tables><img id="" he="1115" wi="2095" file="twi576397b_d0009.tif" alt="" img-content="drawing" img-format="tif" orientation="portrait" inline="no" /></tables>

As previously stated, PZ-2382 contains 23% surfactant. Therefore, 15% by weight of PZ-2382 = 3.5% by weight of surfactant and 11.5% by weight of hydrophilic aziridine crosslinker

25 wt% PZ-2382 = 5.8 wt% surfactant and 19.2 wt% hydrophilic aziridine crosslinker

24.2% by weight PZ-2382=5.6% by weight of surfactant and 18.6% by weight of hydrophilic aziridine crosslinker

23% by weight PZ-2382=5.3% by weight of surfactant and 17.7% by weight of hydrophilic aziridine crosslinker

**Example 27 also contained 5% by weight of the cerium oxide nanoparticles of Preparation Example 2.

All anti-fog coatings prepared from the compositions of Table 3 exhibited excellent mechanical durability (ie, the turbidity of the coating increased by only 1-7% turbidity after the linear razor abrasion test and 300 coatings were wiped with a paper towel) No scratches were observed after the cycle).

<b>Example 29</b> Acrylic latex (40.5 wt%, 43.5 g, under the trade name "ROSHIELD" under stirring^TM 3188" from Dow Coating Materials) was mixed with 900-DA (30% by weight, 30 grams) to form a homogeneous dispersion. Subsequently, PZ-2382 (7.0 g, pure) and 19.5 g of water were separately added and the resulting solution was stirred for 20 minutes. Thus, a final dispersion solution (35 wt% solids) was obtained, which was then coated on a PC film with a No. 14 Mayer bar. The resulting coating was cured at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog after 1 minute exposure to steam at 50 ° C) and good optical properties (light transmission up to 90%). Two water immersion tests were performed on the samples, one at room temperature for 120 hours and one at 65 °C for 120 hours. The soaked PC sample exhibited excellent water resistance and maintained anti-fog properties.

<b>Example 30</b> Polyurethane/acrylic hybrid latex under agitation (40% by weight, 43.5 grams, available from DSM NeoResins Company under the trade designation "NEOPAC R-9036") was mixed with 900-D (30% by weight, 30.0 grams) to form a homogeneous dispersion. Subsequently, PZ-2382 (7.0 g, pure) and 19.5 g of water were separately added and the resulting solution was stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. Thus, a final dispersion solution (35 wt% solids) was obtained, which was then coated on a PC film with a No. 14 Mayer bar. The resulting coating was cured at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog after 1 minute exposure to steam at 50 ° C) and good optical properties (light transmission up to 90%). Two water immersion tests were performed on the samples, one at room temperature for 120 hours and one at 65 °C for 120 hours. The soaked PC sample exhibited excellent water resistance and maintained anti-fog properties.

<b>Example 31</b>

By combining Nalco 1050 cerium oxide nanoparticle sol (180 g, 10% by weight) with concentrated H under stirring₂SO₄To the pH = 2 to 3, cerium oxide nanoparticles containing surface treatment of epoxy decane were prepared. Γ-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxydecane (1.31 g, 50 mol% coverage) was then added dropwise to the acidified sol dispersion. After the addition, the solution was heated overnight at 60 °C. After the reaction, the pH of the solution was adjusted to neutral conditions by the addition of an aqueous NaOH solution (5% by weight).

Polyurethane dispersion (4.0 grams, 10% by weight, sold under the trade designation "NeoResin R960" from DSM NeoResins Company) and hydroxyl-containing acrylic latex (2.0 grams, 10% by weight, under the trade name "VPLS2058" "By the Bayer Company" mixed. Adding polyisocyanate to the solution sequentially (purchased from Bayer under the trade name "Bayhdur 2665") 0.04 g, pure), PZ-2382 (0.15 g, pure) and epoxy particles modified with epoxy decane (50 mol% coverage, 2.0 g, 10% by weight). The final solution was stirred for 10 minutes. Thus, a final dispersion solution (35 wt% solids) was obtained, which was then coated on a PC film with a No. 14 Mayer bar. The resulting coating was cured at 110 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited "excellent" anti-fog performance (no fog after 1 minute exposure to steam at 50 ° C) and good optical properties (light transmission up to 90%).

Anti-fog coating comprising aqueous polymerization dispersion, crosslinking agent and surfactant

ANTI-FOG COATING COMPRISING AQUEOUS POLYMERIC DISPERSION, CROSSLINKER & SURFACTANT