Transmitter directed code division multiple access system using path diversity to equitably maximize throughput
Abstract
A receiver that uses transmitter guidance and distribution with multiple paths, and the multiple paths are provided by the distribution of the receivers. Utilize the characteristic that the channel conditions between a common transmitter and a number of users are not correlated with time. The greater the change in the status of a particular channel over time, the greater the increase in the total output value of the system provided. An access metric represents the instantaneous channel condition of the communication system between each user and the transmitter, relative to the average channel condition of each channel. Alternatively, the access metric represents the instantaneous channel condition, which is relative to the average data output value passing through the channel. The common transmitting station uses the access metric to directly compare the need to grant access to each channel and the need to grant access to each other channel. The access right of this channel is provided to the user with the highest access metric.
Term
No projected expiry on record.
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46 claims: 46 independent, 0 dependent
- 1A method for determining which user of a plurality of users is to provide access to a communication system, and the access is provided at any time to a user group that contains less than all of the plurality of users Group, the access is provided to a plurality of users through a plurality of channels, each of the plurality of channels is associated with one of the users and provides communication between the related user and a common transmitting station, the method includes the steps:a ) Determine for each channel a value representing the amount of data transmitted on a channel for a predetermined amount of time: b) Receive a value representing the highest data rate of the data that each channel can currently receive;c) For each channel , Determine the ratio of the received value of the representative highest data rate to the amount of data transmitted by the representative;and d) transmit data through the channel related to the highest ratio. 1.一種用於決定要提供對一通訊系統之存取權給複數個用戶中的那一個用戶的方法，該存取係在任何時間提供給一包含少於該全部複數個用戶之一用戶群組，該存取係透過複數個通道提供給複數個用戶，每一該複數個通道與該等用戶之一關聯並提供該相關用戶與一共同發射站之間的通訊，該方法包含步驟：a)為每一通道決定一個代表在一預定時間量於一通道上傳輸之資料量的值：b)接收一個代表每一通道目前所能夠接收資料之最高資料率的值；c)對於每一通道，決定該代表最高資料率接收值對於該代表傳輸之資料量的比值；及d)透過與最高比值相關之通道來傳輸資料。
- 2A method for determining which user of a plurality of users is to provide access to a communication system, and the access is provided at any time to a user group that contains less than all of the plurality of users Group, the access is provided to a plurality of users through a plurality of channels, each of the plurality of channels is associated with one of the users and provides communication between the related user and a common transmitting station, the method includes the steps:a ) Receive an indicator that indicates the channel status of the channel associated with each user;b) Calculate the average channel status of the channel where the channel status is received;c) For each user, calculate the recently received channel status indicator The ratio relative to the average channel condition: and d) The data is transmitted through the channel with the highest ratio. 2.一種用於決定要提供對一通訊系統之存取權給複數個用戶中的那一個用戶的方法，該存取係在任何時間提供給一包含少於該全部複數個用戶之一用戶群組，該存取係透過複數個通道提供給複數個用戶，每一該複數個通道與該等用戶之一關聯並提供該相關用戶與一共同發射站之間的通訊，該方法包含步驟：a)接收一指標，該指標指出與每一用戶關聯之通道的通道狀況；b)計算通道狀況被收到之該通道的平均通道狀況；c)對於每一用戶，計算最近收到之通道狀況指標相對於平均通道狀況的比值：及d)透過比值最高之通道來傳輸資料。
- 3A method for deciding which user to provide access to a communication system to a plurality of users, the access is provided at any time to a user group that contains less than the entire plurality of users Group, the access is provided to a plurality of users through a plurality of channels, each of the plurality of channels is associated with one of the users and provides communication between the related user and a common transmitting station, the method includes the steps:a ) Receive the instantaneous condition indicator of at least one of several channels;b) Calculate the filter output value of each channel where the instantaneous condition indicator is received, and the filter output value is a function of the received condition indicator;c) Calculate the access metric associated with each channel for which the indicator is received;and d) Validate the access rights to the communication system to the user group with the best access metric. 3.一種用於決定要提供對一通訊系統之存取權給複數個用戶中的那一個用戶的方法，該存取係在任何時間提供給一包含少於該全部複數個用戶之一用戶群組，該存取係透過複數個通道提供給複數個用戶，每一該複數個通道與該等用戶之一關聯並提供該相關用戶與一共同發射站之間的通訊，該方法包含步驟：a)接收至少數個通道之一的瞬時狀況指標；b)計算瞬時狀況指標被收到之每一通道的過濾器輸出值，該過濾器輸出值為該被收到之狀況指標的函數；c)計算與指標被收到之每一通道相關的存取度量；以及d)將對通訊系統的存取權效予具有最佳存取度量的用戶群組。
- 4For the method of item 3 in the scope of the patent application, for each channel where the indicator is received, the access metric is a function of the filter output value and the instantaneous channel status of the channel. 4.如申請專利範圍第3項的方法，其中指標被收到之每一通道，其存取度量為該過濾器輸出值及該通道之瞬時通道狀況的函數。
- 5For the method of item 3 in the scope of the patent application, the step of calculating the output value of the filter includes:for a specific channel, adding up each received instantaneous channel status indicator and dividing by the total number of indicators. 5.如申請專利範圍第3項的方法，其中計算過濾器輸出值的步驟包括：對於一特定通道，將每一收到的瞬時通道狀況指標相加，並除以指標的總個數。
- 6The method of item 5 of the scope of patent application, wherein the step of calculating the filter output value includes using a low-pass filter function to merge each newly received index into a current filter output value. 6.如申請專利範圍第5項的方法，其中計算過濾器輸出值的步驟包括利用一低通過濾器函數將每一新收到的指標合併到一個目前的過濾器輸出值。
- 7The method as claimed in item 6 of the scope of patent application, wherein the step of calculating the output value of the filter further includes selecting a time constant for the low-pass filter. 7.如申請專利範圍第6項的方法，其中計算過濾器輸出值的步驟尚包括為該低通過濾器選擇一個時間常數。
- 8Such as the method of item 3 of the scope of patent application, wherein the user group includes only one user. 8.如申請專利範圍第3項的方法，其中該用戶群組包括僅有一個用戶的情況。
- 9Such as the method of item 3 in the scope of patent application, in which there is only one channel between the common transmitting station and any user. 9.如申請專利範圍第3項的方法，其中在該共同發射站和任何一個用戶之間只有一個通道。
- 10The method of item 1 in the scope of the patent application, wherein the instantaneous condition indicator is an indicator that indicates the rate that the user can use when receiving from the common transmitting station. 10.如申請專利範圍第1項的方法，其中該瞬時狀況指標為一指出用戶從該共同發射站接收時所能使用速率的指標。
- 11Such as the method of item 3 in the scope of patent application, wherein the instantaneous condition indicator is a data rate control message. 11.如申請專利範圍第3項的方法，其中該瞬時狀況指標為一資料率控制訊息。
- 12For the method of item 7 in the scope of patent application, the filter output value of the k-th channel is calculated by the following formula:F k (t+1)=(1-1/tc)*F k (t)+l/t c *ChC k Where F k (t) is the current filter output value of the k-th channel at time t, t c Is the time constant of the low-pass filter of the k-th channel, ChC k Is the instantaneous channel status indicator of the k-th channel. 12，如申請專利範圍第7項的方法，其中該第k個通道的過濾器輸出值以下式計算：F k (t+1)=(1-1/tc)*F k (t)+l/t c *ChC k 其中F k (t)為第k個通道在時間t的目前過濾器輸出值，t c 為該第k個通道之低通過濾器的時間常數，ChC k 為該第k個通道的瞬時通道狀況指標。
- 13For the method of item 12 of the scope of patent application, if the calculated recent access metric of the k-th channel is not less than the calculated recent access metric of all other channels, the filter output value is as follows Calculation:F k (t+1)=(1-1/t c )*F k (t)+1/t c *ChC k Where F k (t) is the current filter output value of the k-th channel at time t, t c Is the time constant of the low-pass filter of the k-th channel, ChC k Is the instantaneous channel condition index of the k-th channel, and if the calculated recent access metric of the k-th channel is at least smaller than the calculated recent access metric of another channel, then the filter output value is less than Formula calculation: F k (t+1)=(1-1/t c )*F k (t) where F k (t) is the current filter output value of the k-th channel at time t, t c Is the time constant of the low-pass filter of the k-th channel. 13.如申請專利範圍第12項的方法，其中，若計算出來之該第k個通道的最近存取度量不小於計算出來的所有其它通道的最近存取度量，則該過濾器輸出值以下式計算：F k (t+1)=(1-1/t c )*F k (t)+1/t c *ChC k 其中F k (t)為第k個通道在時間t的目前過濾器輸出值，t c 為該第k個通道之低通過濾器的時間常數，ChC k 為該第k個通道的瞬時通道狀況指標，且其中若計算出來之該第k個通道的最近存取度量至少比計算出來之另一個通道的最近存取度量小，則該過濾器輸出值以下式計算：F k (t+1)=(1-1/t c )*F k (t)其中F k (t)為第k個通道在時間t的目前過濾器輸出值，t c 為該第k個通道之低通過濾器的時間常數。
- 14Such as the method of item 12 of the scope of patent application, wherein the initial value of the output value of the filter is a predetermined value. 14.如申請專利範圍第12項的方法，其中該過濾器輸出值之起始值為一預先決定的值。
- 15Such as the method of item 14 in the scope of patent application, wherein the predetermined value is equal to the minimum value of the channel condition divided by the number of users. 15.如申請專利範圍第14項的方法，其中該預先決定的值等於通道狀況最小值除以用戶的數目。
- 16A method for determining which user of a plurality of users is to provide access to a communication system. The access is provided at any time to a user that includes less than all of the plurality of users. Group, the access is provided to a plurality of users through a plurality of channels, and each of the plurality of channels is associated with one of the users and provides communication between the related user and a common transmitting station. The method includes the steps:a) Determine the instantaneous channel status of at least one of the several channels;b) Calculate the average output value of at least some channels whose instantaneous channel status is determined;c) Calculate the relevant access metrics for each channel whose instantaneous channel status is determined : And d) Grant access to the communication system to the user group with the best access metric. 16.一種用於決定要提供對一通訊系統之存取權給複數個用戶中的那一個用戶的方法一，該存取係在任何時間提供給一包含少於該全部複數個用戶之一用戶群組，該存取係透過複數個通道提供給複數個用戶，每一該複數個通道與該等用戶之一關聯並提供該相關用戶與一共同發射站之間的通訊，該方法包含步驟：a)決定該數個通道之至少一個的瞬時通道狀況；b)計算至少一些其瞬時通道狀況被決定之通道的平均產值；c)計算其瞬時通道狀況被決定之每一通道的相關存取度量：及d)將對通訊系統的存取權授予具有最佳存取度量的用戶群組。
- 17For the method of item 16 in the scope of patent application, the instantaneous channel condition is determined according to the current-carrying-interference ratio of the channel. 17.如申請專利範圍第16項之方法，其中該瞬時通道狀況係根據該通道之載流－干擾比決定。
- 18For the method of item 16 in the scope of the patent application, the average output value is determined based on the data rate of the data being transmitted in the previous frame. 18.如申請專利範圍第16項之方法，其中該平均產值係根據資料在先前訊框中被傳輸的資料率決定。
- 19For the method of item 16 in the scope of the patent application, at least some of the users are available bit rate users, and among them, only the instantaneous channel conditions of the available bit rate users are determined in order to determine whether to grant access rights to those available. Bit rate users. 19.如申請專利範圍第16項之方法，其中該等用戶至少有一些是可用位元率用戶，且其中僅決定出可用位元率用戶的瞬時通道狀況以便決定要授予存取權給那些可用位元率的用戶。
- 20A method for granting access rights to a code-division multiple access communication system, including the steps:a) Provide access rights to as many fixed bit rate users and variable bit rate users as possible;b) Decide one The channel status of each channel between the common transmitting station and each of the plurality of available bit rate users trying to gain access to the communication system;c) Determine each channel between the common transmitting station and each of the plurality of available bit rate users The relative output value of a channel;d) determine the relative access metric of each channel between the common transmitting station and each of the plurality of available bit rate users;and e) if all fixed bit rate users and all variable bits Rate users have obtained access rights, and then grant access rights to the available bit rate users with the best access metric. 20.一種授予一分碼多路接達通訊系統之存取權的方法，包括步驟：a)提供存取權給儘可能多的固定位元率用戶及變化位元率用戶；b)決定一共同發射站與每一複數個嘗試獲得通訊系統存取權之可用位元率用戶間之每一通道的通道狀況；c)決定該共同發射站與每一複數個可用位元率用戶間之每一通道的相關產值；d)決定該共同發射站與每一該複數個可用位元率用戶間之每一通道的相關存取度量；及e)若所有固定位元率用戶及所有變化位元率用戶皆已獲得存取權，則授予存取權給具有最佳存取度量的可用位元率用戶。
- 21A transmitting station for transmitting to users selected from a plurality of users, the selected users being less than all of the plurality of users, the transmission is transmitted to the plurality of users through a plurality of channels, each of the plurality of users Each channel is associated with one of the selected users, and the transmitting station includes:a) a first processor for determining a value representing the amount of data transmitted within a predetermined period of time for each channel;b) a The receiver receives a value representing the maximum data rate that each channel can currently receive data;c) a second processor determines the value representing the highest data rate for each channel for the value representing the amount of transmitted data And select at least one user related to the channel with the highest ratio;and d) a transmitter, connected to the second processor, to transmit to the user through the channel with the highest ratio. 21.一種發射站，其用於傳輸給從複數個用戶中選出的用戶，該等選出的用戶少於全部的複數個用戶，該傳輸係透過複數個通道傳至複數個用戶，每一該複數個通道與該等選出的用戶之一關聯，該發射站包括：a)一第一個處理器，用於為每一通道決定一個代表在一段預定時間內所傳輸資料量的值；b)一接收機，接收的一個代表每一通道目前接收資料所能達到之最大資料率的值；c)一第二個處理器，為每一通道決定代表最高資料率之值對於代表所傳輸資料量之值的比並選擇至少一個與具有最高比值之通道相關的用戶；及d)一發射機，連至該第二個處理器，透過具有最高比值之通道傳輸至用戶。
- 22Such as the 21st transmitter in the scope of patent application, wherein the transmitter only transmits to the best user through the channel with the highest ratio. 22.如申請專利範圍第21項之發射機，其中該發射機僅透過具有最高比值之通道發射至最佳用戶。
- 23A transmitting station for transmitting to users selected from a plurality of users, the selected users being less than all of the plurality of users, the transmission is transmitted to the plurality of users through a plurality of channels, each of the plurality of users A channel is associated with one of the selected users, and the transmitting station includes:a) a first processor, which determines the channel status of a channel associated with each user;b) a second processor, which calculates The average channel status of the channels whose channel status is determined;c) A third processor, connected to the first and second processors, for each user to determine the most recently received channel status index relative to the average The ratio of the channel conditions;and d) a transmitter, connected to the third processor, responds to the third processor, and transmits through the channel with the highest ratio. 23.一種發射站，其用於傳輸給從複數個用戶中選出的用戶，該等選出的用戶少於全部的複數個用戶，該傳輸係透過複數個通道傳至複數個用戶，每一該複數個通道與該等選出的用戶之一關聯，該發射站包括：a)一第一個處理器，決定一與每一用戶相關之通道的通道狀況；b)一第二個處理器，計算其通道狀況被決定之該等通道的平均通道狀況；c)一第三個處理器，與該第一個及第二個處理器相連，為每一用戶決定最近收到之通道狀況指標相對於平均通道狀況的比值；及d)一發射機，連至該第三個處理器，回應該第三個處理器，透過具有最高比值之通道傳輸。
- 24A transmitting station for transmitting to users selected from a plurality of users, the selected users being less than all of the plurality of users, the transmission is transmitted to the plurality of users through a plurality of channels, each of the plurality of users Each channel is associated with one of the selected users, and the transmitting station includes:a) a first processor that determines the instantaneous channel condition index of at least one of the plurality of channels;b) a filter connected to the first A processor that calculates a filter output value of each channel for which the channel status indicator is received, and the filter output value is a function of the channel status of the channel;and c) a second processor, and the The first processor is connected to the filter, calculates the relevant access metric for each channel whose indicator is received, and selects a group of users related to the best access metric. 24.一種發射站，其用於傳輸給從複數個用戶中選出的用戶，該等選出的用戶少於全部的複數個用戶，該傳輸係透過複數個通道傳至複數個用戶，每一該複數個通道與該等選出的用戶之一關聯，該發射站包括：a)一第一個處理器，決定數個通道至少其中之一的瞬時通道狀況指標；b)一過濾器，連至該第一個處理器，計算其通道狀況指標被收到之每一通道之一過濾器輸出值，該過濾器輸出值為該通道之通道狀況的函數；及c)一第二個處理器，與該第一個處理器及該過濾器相連，計算其指標被收到之每一通道的相關存取度量並選擇一群與最佳存取度量相關之用戶。
- 25For the transmitter of item 24 of the scope of patent application, for each channel whose indicator is received, its access metric is a function of the filter output value and the instantaneous channel condition of the channel. 25.如申請專利範圍第24項之發射機，其中，對於其指標被接收之每一通道而言，其存取度量為該過濾器輸出值及該通道之瞬時通道狀況的函數。
- 26For example, the transmitter of item 24 of the scope of patent application, in which, for a specific channel, the filter adds up each received instantaneous condition index and divides it by the total number of indexes. 26.如申請專利範圍第24項之發射機，其中，對於一特定通道，該過濾器將每一收到的瞬時狀況指標相加並除以指標總數。
- 27For example, the 26th transmitter of the scope of patent application, wherein the filter uses a low-pass filter function to incorporate each newly received index into a current filter output value. 27.如申請專利範圍第26項之發射機，其中該過濾器利用一低通過濾器函數將每一新收到的指標併入一目前的過濾器輸出值中。
- 28Such as the transmitter of item 27 of the scope of patent application, wherein the filter selects a time constant for the low-pass filter. 28.如申請專利範圍第27項之發射機，其中該過濾器為該低通過濾器選擇一時間常數。
- 29For example, the transmitter of item 24 of the scope of patent application, wherein the user group includes only one user. 29.如申請專利範圍第24項之發射機，其中，該用戶群組包括僅一個用戶的情況。
- 30Such as the transmitter of item 24 of the scope of patent application, in which there is only one channel between the transmitter and any user. 30.如申請專利範圍第24項之發射機，其中在該發射機和任何一用戶之間僅有一個通道。
- 31For example, the 21st transmitter in the scope of patent application, wherein the instantaneous channel condition indicator indicates the rate that the user can reach when receiving transmission from the common transmitting station. 31.如申請專利範圍第21項之發射機，其中該瞬時通道狀況指標係指出用戶從共同發射站接收傳輸時可達到的速率。
- 32Such as the 21st transmitter in the scope of patent application, wherein the instantaneous channel status indicator is a data rate control message. 32.如申請專利範圍第21項之發射機，其中該瞬時通道狀況指標為一資料率控制訊息。
- 33For example, the 28th transmitter in the scope of patent application, wherein the filter calculates the output value of one of the k-th channels using the following formula:Fk(t+1)=(1-1/tc)*F k (t)+l/t c *ChC k Where F k (t) is the current filter output value of the k-th channel at time t, t. Is the low pass filter time constant of the kth channel , ChC k Is the instantaneous channel status indicator of the k-th channel. 33.如申請專利範圍第28項之發射機，其中該過濾器利用下式計算一第k個通道之一輸出值：Fk(t+1)=(1-1/tc)*F k (t)+l/t c *ChC k 其中F k (t)為第k個通道在時間t的目前過濾器輸出值，t。為該第k個通道之低通過濾器時間常數 , ChC k 為該第k個通道的瞬時通道狀況指標。
- 34For example, the transmitter of item 33 of the scope of patent application, wherein, if the calculated nearest access metric of the k-th channel is not less than the calculated nearest access metric of all other channels, the filter output value Calculated by the following formula:F k (t+1)=(1-1t c )*F k (t)+1/t c *ChC k Where F k (t) is the current filter output value of the k-th channel at time t, t. Is the low-pass filter time constant of the k-th channel, ChC k Is the instantaneous channel condition indicator of the k-th channel, and if the calculated nearest access metric of the k-th channel is less than at least one calculated nearest access metric of another channel, the filter outputs The value is calculated by the following formula: F k (t+1)=(1-1/t c )*F k (t) where F k (t) is the current filter output value of the k-th channel at time t, t c Is the low-pass filter time constant of the k-th channel. 34.如申請專利範圍第33項之發射機，其中，若計算出來之該第k個通道之最近的存取度量不小於計算出來之所有其它通道的最近存取度量，則該過濾器輸出值以下式計算：F k (t+1)=(1-1∕t c )*F k (t)+1/t c *ChC k 其中F k (t)為第k個通道在時間t的目前過濾器輸出值，t。為該第k個通道之低通過濾器時間常數，ChC k 為該第k個通道的瞬時通道狀況指標，且其中，若計算出來之該第k個通道之最近的存取度量小於至少一個計算出來之另一通道的最近存取度量，則該過濾器輸出值以下式計算：F k (t+1)=(1-1/t c )＊F k (t)其中F k (t)為第k個通道在時間t的目前過濾器輸出值，t c 為該第k個通道之低通過濾器時間常數。
- 35Such as the transmitter of item 32 of the scope of patent application, wherein the initial value of the filter is a predetermined value. 35.如申請專利範圍第32項之發射機，其中該過濾器之初始值為一預先決定的值。
- 36For the transmitter of item 34 of the scope of patent application, the predetermined value is equal to a minimum value of the channel condition divided by the number of users. 36.如申請專利範圍第34項之發射機，其中該預先決定的值等於一該通道狀況最小值除以用戶的數目。
- 37A transmitting station for transmitting to users selected from a plurality of users, the selected users being less than all of the plurality of users, the transmission is transmitted to the plurality of users through a plurality of channels, each of the plurality of users Channels are associated with one of the selected users, and the transmitting station includes:a) a first processor that determines the instantaneous channel status of at least one of the channels;b) a second processor that connects To the first processor, calculate the average output value of at least some of the channels whose instantaneous channel conditions are determined;and c) a third processor, connected to the first and second processors, and calculate and each The access metric related to the channel whose instantaneous channel status is determined and the access right to the communication system is granted to the user related to the best access metric. 37.一種發射站，其用於傳輸給從複數個用戶中選出的用戶，該等選出的用戶少於全部的複數個用戶，該傳輸係透過複數個通道傳至複數個用戶，每一該複數個通道與該等選出的用戶之一關聯，該發射站包括：a)一第一個處理器，決定數個通道中至少一個通道之一瞬時通道狀況；b)一第二個處理器，連至該第一個處理器，計算至少一些其瞬時通道狀況被決定之通道的平均產值；及c)一第三個處理器，與該第一個及第二個處理器相連，計算與每一其瞬時通道狀況被決定之通道相關的存取度量並將對通訊系統的存取權授予與最佳存取度量相關的用戶。
- 38For the transmitter of item 37 of the scope of patent application, the instantaneous channel condition is determined according to the current-carrying-interference ratio of the channel. 38.如申請專利範圍第37項之發射機，其中該瞬時通道狀況係根據該通道之載流一干擾比決定。
- 39For example, the 37th transmitter in the scope of patent application, where the average output value is determined based on the actual data rate transmitted in at least one previous frame. 39.如申請專利範圍第37項之發射機，其中該平均產值係根據實料在至少一先前訊框中傳輸的資料率決定。
- 40For example, the 37th transmitter in the scope of the patent application, in which at least some of the users are available bit rate users, and among them, only the instantaneous channel conditions of the available bit rate users are determined in order to decide to grant access rights to those users. Users with available bit rates. 40.如申請專利範圍第37項之發射機，其中該等用戶至少有一些是可用位元率用戶，且其中僅決定出可用位元率用戶的瞬時通道狀況以便決定要授予存取權給那些可用位元率的用戶。
- 41A transmitter for transmission to a code division multiple access communication system, comprising:a) a processor: i) determining an intermediary between the transmitter and each attempt to gain access to the transmitter The channel status of each channel between a plurality of users;ii) determine an output value related to each channel between the common transmitting station and each plurality of users;iii) determine a value between the common transmitter Access metrics related to each channel between the station and each plurality of users;and iv) granting access rights to the users related to the best access metrics. 41.一種用於傳輸至一分碼多路接達通訊系統之發射機，包括：a)一處理器：i)決定一介於該發射機及每一嘗試獲得對該發射機之存取權的複數個用戶之間之每一通道的通道狀況；ii)決定一與介於該共同發射站及每一複數個用戶之間之每一通道相關的產值；iii)決定一與介於該共同發射站及每一複數個用戶之間之每一通道相關的存取度量；及iv)將存取權授予該等與最佳存取度量相關的用戶。
- 42For example, the transmitter of item 41 of the scope of patent application includes:a) A receiver, connected to the processor, receives an indicator that indicates whether the user has successfully received the data transmitted to it;among them, the processor Connect to the receiver and respond to the receiver's receiving index to adjust the output value related to a user who has not received the data sent to him. 42.如申請專利範圍第41項之發射機，尚包括：a)一接收機，連至該處理器，接收一指標，指出用戶是否已成功地收到傳輸給它的資料；其中該處理器連至該接收機，且回應接收指標之該接收機，調整與一未收到送給他資料的用戶相關的產值。
- 43For example, the transmitter of item 39 of the scope of patent application, where the processor selects all fixed bit rate (CBR) users and all variable bit rate (CBR) users before selecting any available bit rate (ABR) users. VBR) users. 43.如申請專利範圍第39項的發射機，其中該處理器在選擇任何可用位元率(ABR)用戶之前，先選擇所有的固定位元率(CBR)用戶及所有的變化位元率(VBR)用戶。
- 44Such as the 41st transmitter in the scope of patent application, where the access metric is only calculated for ABR users. 44.如申請專利範圍第41項的發射機，其中存取度量僅針對ABR用戶計算。
- 45A method for transmitting from a transmitter to a receiver in a code division multiple access communication system, comprising:a) transmitting to the maximum number of fixed bit rate users and variable bits that can be supported Rate users;b) determine the channel status of each channel between the transmitter and each user trying to gain access to the transmitter with varying bit rates;c) determine the channel status between the transmitter and each A relative output value of each channel between a plurality of users with varying bit rate;d) determining the relative access metric of each channel between the transmitter and each of the plurality of users with varying bit rate;and e ) If all fixed bit rate users and all variable bit rate users have obtained access rights, the access rights are granted to the available bit rate users related to the best access metric. 45.一種用於在一分碼多路接達通訊系統中從一發射機傳輸至一接收機的方法，包括：a)傳輸至所能支援之最大數目的固定位元率用戶及變化位元率用戶；b)決定一介於該發射機及每一嘗試獲得對發射機存取權之複數個變化位元率用戶之間之每一通道的通道狀況；c)決定介於該發射機及每一複數個變化位元率用戶之間之每一通道的相關產值；d)決定介於該發射機及每一複數個變化位元率用戶之間之每一通道的相關存取度量；及e)若所有的固定位元率用戶及所有的變化位元率用戶皆已獲得存取權，則授予存取權給該等與最佳存取度量相關之可用位元率用戶。
- 46For example, the method of item 45 in the scope of the patent application includes:a) receiving an indicator indicating whether the user has successfully received the data transmitted to them;and b) responding to the receiver that received the indicator, adjusting and a Did not receive the relevant output value of the user who sent him the information. 46.如申請專利範圍第45項的方法，尚包括：a)接收一指出用戶是否已成功地收到傳給他們的資料的指標；及b)回應接收該指標之該接收機，調整與一未收到送給他資料的用戶相關的產值。
Independent claims46
91 paragraphs, as filed
Transmitter-guided code division multiple access system that uses diverse paths to maximize output value fairly
From the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, it will be easier to understand the features, objectives and advantages of the present invention, among which:
Fig. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a communication system according to the method and apparatus of the present invention.
Figure 2a is a diagram showing the channel conditions of a first channel and a second channel that change with time.
Figure 2b is a diagram showing the channel conditions of a first channel and a second channel that change with time.
Figure 3 is a simplified block diagram of a common transmitting station according to the method and apparatus of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a functional block diagram of the functions performed by the processor.
Background of the invention I. Scope of invention
The present invention relates to a communication system, and more specifically, to a method and device for determining which one of several users is to provide access attempts to a code division multiple access system.
II. Description of related skills
For several types of communication systems currently in use, access to the system is provided to one user at a time. Therefore, when the first user is allowed to access the system, every other user must wait until the first user gives Only after exiting the system and granting access rights to another user can that user use the system for communication. In addition, in some of these systems, a scheduler is responsible for determining which user to grant access. Each user applies to the scheduler for system access, and then the scheduler selects a user from the user who made the application.
In other systems, such as code division multiple access systems, access rights are granted to several users at the same time. In one such system, the granting of access rights is based on several criteria. The first and most important criterion is what type of service each user has to order. For example, in one such system, a user may require a fixed bit rate (CBR) service, a variable bit rate (VBR) service, or an available bit rate (ABR) service. Users who subscribe to CBR are guaranteed to receive the agreed data rate (bit rate) service. On the contrary, if it is a VBR service subscription, the user gets the service at the rate required to transmit specific information. In these cases, the user's fee is usually calculated according to the user's request and the rate of being granted. If the user subscribes to the ABR service, the access granted to the user is based on the "available" data rate. Therefore, if the system has sufficient capacity to provide ABR user access rights, the ABR user will gain access rights.
Generally speaking, the capability of the system depends on whether the amplifier in the transmitter can transmit the information of the ABR user with enough power that does not excessively drive the amplifier due to the amount of power required by each CBR and VBR user. The data rate of the granted access rights will depend on the amount of power available for transmitting ABR user data.
Internet Service Provider (ISP) is an example of ABR user. Because ISP customers can tolerate delays and lower data rates, ISPs usually choose cheaper ABR services. Even so, it often happens that the power supply is insufficient to transmit data to all ABR users who request ABR service at a certain time. Therefore, the transmitting station must decide which ABR users to provide services.
There are several technologies that can determine how to select the users to be granted access to the system in a shared access communication system that can only grant access to one user or less than all users requesting services at a time. System access rights are provided to users by using one or more channels (that is, the air interface link between a common transmitting station and the user). Therefore, each user will be associated with at least one channel. In a CDMA system, each channel is associated with at least one unique CDMA code. Generally speaking, the condition (that is, the quality) of the channel leading to each user will change over time. In addition, the condition of the channel will be different for different users. In some systems, access rights are granted to users who can use the system most efficiently (that is, users who are associated with the best channel and can receive data at the highest rate), so that the output value of the communication system (that is, the system at a predetermined The amount of data that can be transmitted within a time) reaches the maximum. In other systems, the way of granting access rights is such that each user has basically equal access rights to the system within a predetermined period of time compared to other users. Equal access rights means that each user can obtain equal communication time to the system, or that each user can transmit the same amount of data to the system. Both mechanisms, such as obtaining access rights by the most efficient user, or providing fair access rights for every user, are inadequate. Focusing on mechanisms that maximize output may result in some users having little access to the system. In a system where each user pays the same access fee, this situation is unacceptable because it will cause unfair access distribution. In the same way, in a mechanism where every user is given equal access rights regardless of how efficiently the system is used, the output value of the system will be harmed.
Therefore, there is a need for a method and device to determine which user has access rights in a shared memory access communication system, so as to maximize the output value of the system and ensure that each user has a fair share of the communication system. Access rights.
Invention summary
The method and device of the present invention are a communication system using transmitter guidance with multiple paths and multiple receivers. The diversified paths are provided because at least some receivers are individually located in different locations from other receivers. Due to the different paths, the variation in channel conditions will not be correlated with each other. Therefore, at any given time, there will be some receivers whose instantaneous channel conditions are better than the average channel conditions.
The method and device of the present invention hope to achieve two highly competitive goals in a system that provides access rights at any time less than the total number of users. The first goal is to equitably provide users with access to the communication system through a "channel" (such as an air interface link) between a common transmitting station and each user. The second goal is to maximize the amount of data transmitted through all channels of the communication system (that is, the system output value).
The present invention and the device attempt to balance the aforementioned two competing goals by using the characteristic that each channel condition is not correlated with time changes. In the simple example of a two-channel competing access system, the time when the channel condition of the first channel is relatively high is basically arbitrary relative to the time when the channel condition of the second channel is relatively high. The device and method of the present invention take advantage of this fact and try to transmit to the user with the highest instantaneous channel condition compared to the average channel condition. That is, by transmitting through the channel with the largest ratio of the current condition to the average condition, each channel will be used when it is in its best condition. If each channel is used only when it is in its best condition, the overall output value of the system will increase.
The way to decide which channel to choose is as follows. The co-transmitting station transmits information to the user in a time slot. The time slot is a predetermined period during which the common transmitting station transmits to a limited number of users. For simplicity, it is assumed that the common transmitting station can only transmit on one channel at a time. Therefore, for each time slot, the common transmitting station must select a channel. The instantaneous channel condition between a user and the common transmitting station is monitored by the user. During each time slot, the user transmits an instantaneous channel status indicator to the common transmitting station. The instantaneous channel status indicator is a value that represents the channel status during a time slot. The common transmitting station filters the instantaneous channel status indicators associated with each channel to generate a filter output value for each channel at each time slot. In a specific embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, the filter function is defined as that each user has a related filter output value and each transmission time slot represents the average output value (that is, the output value transmitted to the user within a period of time). Average amount of data). Alternatively, the filter function is defined such that the filter output value represents the average channel condition of the channel between the common transmitting station and the users associated with the channel.
According to a specific embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, for each channel, its instantaneous channel status indicator is compared with the filter output value of the channel (for example, the former divided by the latter) to generate the access metric of the channel. )". Access metric is a measure of the need for granting access to the user relative to the need for granting access to every other user. The common transmitting station uses the access metric to compare the need to grant access to any one channel with the need to grant access to each other channel. The user with the largest access metric gains access to the channel.
In a specific embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, a low-pass filter function is used to define a time window during which the filter output value will be generated to generate the filter output value. One of the filter's time constants reflects a fair time scale (that is, the duration of the time window). The fair time scale represents a period of time during which fair access to users should be provided. It should be understood that the fair time scale is related to a number of factors, including the type of data to be transmitted to the user. For example, suppose that Internet data is sent to users who want to gain Internet access. If every user gets a fair amount of access to the system within one second, every user may think that the access grant mechanism is fair, even if one user gets a larger amount of access in the entire beginning of the second Access volume. Therefore, 1 second would be an appropriate fair time scale. Conversely, if the fair time scale is only 1 millisecond, it would be considered unfair to allow a user to access the system within the first 100 milliseconds of that second.
In a specific embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, the filter output value is updated only when the channel associated with the filter is already available for access. In a preferred embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, the filter output value is updated according to the rate at which the user receives data. The filter output value reflects the average output value transmitted to each user in this way. This results in a built-in feedback mechanism whose function is to bias the selection of which user obtains the access right. According to this method and device, when a user has obtained the access right, he will automatically be at a disadvantage when he competes for the access right in the future.
Another feasible method is to use the artificial increase of the access metric to generate bias when the filter output value represents the average channel condition, so as to compensate for the increase in the output value of the user compared to the user who has not obtained the access right during the period. . The amount of compensation can be fixed or proportional to the amount of data received during the last access. In this way, it is possible to control the amount of average output value output to the users to be aggravated to compensate users who receive less data.
The details of the method and device of the present invention will be described in detail below.
Schematic description
From the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, it will be easier to understand the features, objectives and advantages of the present invention, among which:
Fig. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a communication system according to the method and apparatus of the present invention.
Figure 2a is a diagram showing the channel conditions of a first channel and a second channel that change with time.
Figure 2b is a diagram showing the channel conditions of a first channel and a second channel that change with time.
Figure 3 is a simplified block diagram of a common transmitting station according to the method and apparatus of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a functional block diagram of the functions performed by the processor.
Detailed description of preferred embodiments of the method and device of the present invention. Functional overview FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a communication system 100 according to the method and device of the present invention. The system 100 includes a common transmitting station 102 and a plurality of users 104. In Figure 1, there are four such users 104. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the system 100 can include any number-purpose user 104. In addition, in the case where there are one or more mobile users among the users, the number of users 104 in the system may change over time. Each user 104 can be regarded as a receiving unit of a distributed receiver including all or part of the users 104. However, the users of the method and device of the present invention do not need to combine or provide the data received by each user 104 to a common end user. Therefore, the recipients 104 can be regarded as completely independent.
Each user 104 can communicate with the common transmitting station 102 through a related channel 106. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the first user 104a receives the communication transmitted from the common transmitting station 102 through its associated channel 106a. However <sub>,</sub> It must be noted that each user 104 can receive communications from the common transmitting station 102 through more than one related channel 106. These additional channels may be channels using different frequencies, antennas, etc. In addition, these additional channels may exist due to multiple propagation paths between the common transmitting station 102 and the user 104. However, in the preferred embodiment of the method and apparatus of the present invention, multiple propagation paths for the same signal are combined as a single channel 106. In a specific embodiment of the system to which the method and device of the present invention can be applied, the common transmitting station 102 transmits signals to users during the time slot. Each time slot has equal time. However, the duration of the time slot can be changed to accommodate changes in the data rate or other reasons. A better way is that the common transmitting station 102 transmits to only one user 104 during each time slot. However, in another feasible specific embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, the common transmitting station transmits signals to more than one but less than all users 104 during each time slot. In other cases, at each time slot, the co-transmitting station 102 must determine which user or users the signal is to be transmitted to.
The present invention discloses a method and device for determining which user or users 104 the common transmitting station 102 should transmit, so as to maximize the amount of data transmitted to all users 104, while ensuring that each user 104 is relative to other users 104 A fair amount of data is received within a predetermined "fair time scale". "Fair data volume" means a substantially equal reception-capability ratio. The receiving-capacity ratio is equal to the amount of data transmitted through a channel relative to the data rate that the channel can support. However, the method and device of the present invention can be adjusted to achieve greater output value at the cost of using channels that can support higher data rates on a fair time scale to provide users with more access.
According to the method and device of the present invention, a preferred way is that each user 104 monitors the channel status from the user 104 to the common transmitting station 102 and transmits an instantaneous channel condition indicator to the common transmitting station 102. Each instantaneous channel status indicator is a value, which represents the status of a channel during a time slot. In a specific embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, the instantaneous channel status indicators are values representing the data rate required to be transmitted from the common transmitting station 102 to the user 104. In one of these specific embodiments, the instantaneous channel status indicator is a data rate request (DRC) message. These DRCs generally represent the maximum data rate at which data can be transmitted through the channel 106 at a predetermined bit error rate (BER).
The maximum data rate of a specific channel 106 represents the current carrier-to-interference ratio (C/I) of the channel 106. Another feasible method is that each user 104 directly monitors and transmits the C/I value. There is a preferred embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, in which the user 104 transmits an instantaneous channel status indicator to provide the common transmitting station 102 with a value indicating the status (ie quality) of the channel 106 without directly referring to the C/I value Or data rate. For example, the user 104 may provide an indicator of the common transmitting station, indicating the amount of interference received by the user 104 and the amount of loss in the channel 106 between the common transmitting station and the user 104.
Those who are familiar with this art should be very clear that several parameters, characteristic values, etc. can be transmitted by the user 104 to the common transmitting station 102 to describe the channel status. The transmitted special parameters and characteristics are not important to the method and device of the present invention. However, in the preferred embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, the channel status indicator is proportional to the data rate used by the common transmitting station 102 to transmit data to the user 104, assuming that the user is allowed to save in the next time slot. Take channel 106.
Fig. 2a is a diagram showing the channel conditions of a first channel 106a and a second channel 106b versus time. The status of the first channel 106a is represented by line 201. The status of the second channel 106b is represented by a dashed line 203. It can be seen from Figure 2 that the conditions of the two channels vary greatly over time. In addition, the condition of the second channel 106b is better than the first channel at almost every point in time. This can be understood from FIG. 1. As shown in the figure, the user 104a received from the channel 106a is farther from the common transmitting station 102 than the user 104b received from the channel 106b. The long distance between the common transmitting station 102 and the user 104a causes the signal received by the first user 104a to be attenuated greatly. As a result, the average channel condition (represented by the line 205) of the first channel 106a is greater than the average channel condition (represented by the dashed line 207).
It can be seen from Fig. 2a that the changes in the conditions of the two channels 106 are not related. Therefore, the time when the channel condition of the first channel is high is basically arbitrary relative to the time when the channel condition of the second channel is high. The method and device of the present invention use this fact to try to transmit to the user 104 related to the channel whose instantaneous channel condition is higher than the average condition of the channel 106. That is, by transmitting through the channel with the highest ratio of the current condition to the average condition, each channel will be used when its condition is at its best. If each channel is used only when it is in its best condition, the overall output value of the system will increase. Therefore, according to a specific embodiment of the method and apparatus of the present invention, in any time slot, the specific channel selected for data transmission is a function of the instantaneous channel condition relative to the average channel condition. However, in the preferred embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, the channel used to transmit data at each time slot is selected as a function of the instantaneous channel condition relative to the average data output value of a channel. The definition of the specific function is as follows.
Those who are familiar with this technique will understand that granting access to a channel 106 with the highest channel condition relative to the average channel condition to users related to that channel will greatly increase the data output value of the channel whose channel condition changes greatly. . However, compared with the output value provided by the access mechanism that grants equal access time to each user, this mechanism cannot increase the data output value for channels with lower channel changes.
This can be understood by analyzing the following example, where a first user 104a is associated with a channel 106a with a relatively large channel condition change, and a second user 104b is associated with a channel 106b with a relatively small channel condition change. Fig. 2b is a diagram showing the channel conditions of the first channel 106a and the second channel 106b. The line 209 represents the channel status of the first channel 106a, and the dashed line 211 represents the channel status of the second channel 106b. The line 213 represents the average channel condition of the first channel 106a, and the dotted line 215 represents the average channel condition of the second channel 106b.
Assuming that on the selected fair time scale, the channel condition of the first channel 106a is greater than the average of the half of the time and less than the average of the half of the time, then the first and second channels 106a, 106b will get the same amount Access time. However, if the same access time is granted to each channel in an arbitrary manner (for example, in a round robin manner), the first channel 106a will have a larger output value than the original one. However, the second channel 106b will have almost the same output value as before, and the change of the channel condition of the first channel 106a has a decisive influence on the selection process of the common transmitting station 102. That is, during the period when the first channel 106a has a relatively high quality, the second channel has an average quality, so the first channel is selected. When the first channel 106a has a relatively low quality, the second pass. The channel 106b has average quality, so the second channel will be selected.
To compensate for this characteristic, a preferred embodiment of the method and device of the present invention selects the channel used for data transmission to allocate some increased output value to users 104 related to channels with relatively small channel changes. The method of this method is as follows.
Function details
Fig. 3 is a simplified block diagram of a common transmitting station 102 according to the method and apparatus of the present invention. The common transmitting station 102 receives signals including instantaneous channel condition indicators through an antenna 301. The antenna 301 is connected to a transceiver front end 303. The front end of the transceiver includes well-known traditional radio frequency (RF) components, which can receive signals and convert the signals into a basic signal, such as diplexers, down converters, filters, etc. The baseband signal is then connected to a demodulator 305. The demodulator 305 demodulates the baseband signal so that the instantaneous channel condition indicator information can be accessed. Then the instantaneous channel condition indicator information is connected to a processor 307. The processor 307 can be any programmable device, state machine, distributed logic or a combination of the above that can perform the functions of the processor 307 (for example, it may include an integrated circuit (ASIC) or programmable gate control for a specific application). Array).
FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of the functions performed by the processor 307. As shown in FIG. 4, the processor 307 includes a filter module 401, an access metric calculation module 403, and a channel selection processor 405. Those who are familiar with this art will clearly understand that each function performed by the processor 307 is shown in FIG. 4 <sup>,</sup> It can be integrated into a single software or hardware module, or divided into any required groups and integrated into the module. Therefore, any one or more groups of functions executed by the processor 307 can be executed by a single module. However, for clarity of illustration, in the figure, a filter module 401a and a metric calculation module 403a are associated with the instantaneous channel condition indicators received from a channel 106a, so that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the channel 106 and the filter module 401 Similarly, there is a one-to-one correspondence between the filter module 401 and the access metric calculation module 403. Only one channel 106a is described in detail to simplify the description.
The processor 307 receives a channel status indicator, which indicates the instantaneous status of the channel 106a during each time slot in the filter module 401a related to the channel 106a. The filter module 401a calculates a filter output value based on the instantaneous channel condition indicator received through the channel 106a. According to a specific embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, the filter performs a low-pass filter function.
The low-pass function can be performed using one of several filter functions. According to one of these filter functions, the filter output value F(t) is calculated as follows:
F <sub>k</sub> (t+l)=(1-1/tc) <sup>*</sup> F <sub>k</sub> (t)+l/t <sub>C</sub> *(ChC <sub>k</sub> ) Formula 1
Where F <sub>k</sub> (t) is the current filter output value of the k-th channel at time t; t <sub>c</sub> Is one of the time constants of the low-pass filter function, which is provided by this formula; ChC <sub>k</sub> Is the instantaneous channel status indicator of the k-th channel. The time constant represents a "fair time scale." The fair time scale represents a period of time during which the amount of data transmitted to each user should be basically equal. It should be understood that the fair time scale is related to a number of factors, including the type of data to be transmitted to the user. For example, suppose that Internet data is transmitted to users who want Internet access. If each user receives substantially the same amount of data within a period of about 1 second, each user may think that the access grant mechanism is fair, even if one user gets a larger amount during the entire beginning of 1 second Access rights. Therefore, 1 second would be an excessively fair time scale. Or, the low-pass filter function used to generate the output value of the filter adds up the instantaneous channel condition indicators received by a channel, and divides it by the instantaneous channels
<maths><img file="TW511386B_D0001.tif" /></maths>
However, in a preferred embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, the filter output value is the average data output value. In this case, the filter output value is calculated as the average value of the instantaneous channel conditions representing the channel conditions during the period when a channel is selected. Therefore, depending on whether the channel 106a is selected in the last slot, the output value of the filter is calculated in different ways. Preferably, the filter module 401a is connected to the channel selection processor 405. The channel selection processor 405 indicates whether the channel 106a has been selected in the last slot. If so, the filter output value is calculated as follows:
F <sub>k</sub> (t+1)=(1-1t <sub>c</sub> )*F <sub>k</sub> (t)+1t <sub>c</sub> *(ChC <sub>k</sub> ) Formula 3
To represent the average output value with the filter output value, the channel status must be proportional to the data rate. It can be seen from Equation 3 that if the channel 106a is selected, the filter output value will be corrected to be closer to the value representing the instantaneous condition index when the latest instantaneous condition index is determined. Or, if channel 106a is not selected in the last slot, the filter output value is calculated as follows:
F <sub>k</sub> (t+1)=(1-1/t <sub>c</sub> )*F <sub>k</sub> (t) Equation 4
If the instantaneous channel condition is proportional to the data rate used to transmit to the user 104 through the selected channel 106, the result of the filter output value will be a time constant t. The output value of the average data filtered by the low-pass filter.
It can be seen from FIG. 4 that when the channel 106a is not selected, the filter output value decays at a rate determined by the time constant tc. The updated value does not take into account the instantaneous conditions of the channel. Regardless of the channel condition, the filter output value for channel 106a will continue to attenuate until channel 106a is selected again. At this time, the output value of the filter will be updated with the instantaneous channel condition indicator (that is, the instantaneous channel condition indicator recently received by the common transmitting station 102). In the case where the instantaneous channel condition indicator is related to the rate at which data is transmitted through the channel 106a, the filter output value represents the total output value of the channel 106a. That is, Equation 4 can be regarded as a low-pass filter function with a time constant tc applied to the instantaneous rate of data transmission on the channel. The result of the filtering is the average rate of data transmitted through the channel for a period of time equal to tc.
In another filter designed to determine the average data output value, the low-pass filter function adds the instantaneous condition index received by a channel to each slot in which the channel associated with the filter is selected. Total, and divide the total value by the total number of these aggregated instantaneous channel condition indicators. When the channel associated with the filter is not selected, the filter output value is attenuated according to Equation 4.
It must be noted that in a specific embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, the initial value of the filter output value is equal to R <sub>min</sub> N, where R <sub>min</sub> Is the minimum allowable value of the instantaneous channel condition index, and N is the total number of users 104. However, any reasonable initial value can be predetermined for the filter output value.
According to another specific embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, whenever a channel related to the output value of the filter is selected, the output value of the filter is upwardly biased by a constant value. One of the methods to make the filter output value deviate is that whenever the channel related to the filter output value is selected, except for the time constant t <sub>c</sub> Or in addition to other adjustments to the value, add a constant value to the filter output value, or multiply the filter output value by a constant greater than 1. This direct offset of the filter output value will increase the filter output value, making the channel related to the filter output value less likely to be selected during the next time slot.
Once the filter output value is calculated, it will be connected to the access metric calculator 403a along with the recently received instantaneous channel condition indicator. The recently received instantaneous channel status indicator represents the instantaneous channel status, instantaneous data rate, or any other parameter that indicates the current channel quality in the form of the C/I ratio of the channel.
The calculation of the access metric is a function of instantaneous channel conditions and average channel conditions. Therefore, in a specific embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, the access metric is calculated by the following function: (1) the C/I ratio of the channel and the filter output value; or (2) the instantaneous data rate and the filter output value. In other feasible embodiments of the method and device of the present invention, the access metric can be calculated as a function of any other metric of the instantaneous channel condition with respect to the filter output value.
The filter output value is a function of one of the following: (1) Average data rate: or (2) Average channel condition. Therefore, the access metric is, for example, a function of: (1) average data rate and instantaneous channel condition (2) average channel condition and instantaneous channel condition (3) average data rate and instantaneous data rate, or (4) average Channel status and instantaneous data rate. According to a specific embodiment, the access metric calculator 403a divides the recently received instantaneous channel condition indicator by the filter output value to calculate an access metric AM:
AM=ChC <sub>k</sub> F <sub>k</sub> (t) Equation 5
It can be seen from the above formula that the value of the access metric is directly proportional to the instantaneous channel status. The higher the instantaneous channel condition, the greater the access metric of that particular channel. The access metric is calculated for each channel based on the filter output value calculated for each channel. Then, the channel selection processor 405 directly compares the access metrics of all channels 106 to determine which channel is to be selected for transmission during the next time slot. The channel associated with the maximum access metric will be selected.
The channel selection processor 405 is connected to each numerical calculator 401 via a signal line 407. The signal line 407 connects the information from the channel selection processor 405 to each filter module 401. The information indicates which channel 106 is selected in the next slot for transmission. The: The form of the information can be a value indicating the specific channel 106 that is selected. Alternatively, the information may be a digital value indicating whether the reception filter module 401 is related to the selected channel. It should be understood that when the filter module 401, the access metric calculator, and the channel selection processor are all executed in one module, it may not be necessary to generate a "signal" to indicate the result of each function. Alternatively, the results of one or more of these functions can be stored in a place accessible to other one or more functions.
Returning to FIG. 3 again, the processor 307 outputs information indicating which channel 106 is selected on a signal line 309 connected to a data multiplexer/channel selector 311. Several data lines 313a, 313b, 313c, and 313d provide data to the data multiplexer/channel selector 311. Each of the data lines transmits the data to be transmitted to one of the users 104. The data multiplexer/channel selector 311 responds to the signal provided on the signal line 309 and selects one of several data streams to be connected to the front end 303 of the transceiver. The selected data stream is connected to the front end of the transceiver through a signal line 315. According to the preferred embodiment of the method and apparatus of the present invention, the transceiver front end 303 transmits the information received on the signal line 315 to the selected user at a rate proportional to the nearest instantaneous channel condition indicator received from the selected user The user 104 associated with the channel 106.
Simultaneous transfer application
In another feasible embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, the common transmitting station 102 transmits signals to more than one user in each time slot. The common transmitting station 102 first transmits signals to all fixed bit rate (CBR) users and all variable bit rate (VBR) users whose data the common transmitting station 102 has available power. Or, if additional power is available after transmission to the CBR user, the common transmitting station transmits to all VBR users for which the transmitting station 102 has data. If after transmitting to all CBR and VBR users, there are remaining power sources that can transmit additional signals, the common transmitting station will transmit to the users of the available bit rate (ABR). If the power required by all ABR users exceeds the available power, the following mechanism is used to determine which ABR user the common transmitting station will transmit to. It should be understood that technology can be used to allow a receiver to receive a signal with less power than is required to decode the information transmitted in the signal without retransmitting. According to these technologies, power is accumulated on several repeated transmissions (for example, using R-rake receivers). Therefore, the amount of power required will depend on the number of times the common transmitter station needs to transmit information.
According to a specific embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, the common transmitting station 102 determines an access metric according to the status and "output value" of the channel to each user. The definition of output value is the amount of information that has been transmitted over a period of time. Therefore, the output value will be related to one or more users. The output value related to a particular user is the amount of information that has been transmitted to that user. The output value of the system is the total amount of information that has been transmitted to all users.
A better way to determine the relative output value of each user is to apply the following filter function:
T <sub>k</sub> (t+1)=(1-(1/t <sub>f</sub> ))T <sub>k</sub> (t)+(1/t <sub>f</sub> )R <sub>k</sub> (t) Equation 6
Where T <sub>k</sub> (t) is the output value related to the k-th user at time t, t <sub>f</sub> Is a filter time constant, R <sub>k</sub> (t) is the last time = the rate of data transmitted to the k-th user.
According to a specific embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, if the common transmitting station 102 does not transmit to the k-th user in the last time slot, then R <sub>k</sub> (t) is equal to zero. Therefore, if the common transmitting station 102 does not transmit to the k-th user, for the k-th user, Equation 6 will be simplified to the following equation:
T <sub>k</sub> (t+1)=(1-(1/t <sub>f</sub> ))T <sub>k</sub> (t) Equation 7
Where T <sub>k</sub> (t) is the output value related to the k-th user at time t, t <sub>f</sub> Is a filter constant.
Therefore, a filter applies Equation 6 or Equation 7 and outputs a filter output value associated with each user, each of which output value represents the output value of the channel to a user. An instantaneous channel condition is determined for each channel between the common transmitting station 102 and each user. In a specific embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, the instantaneous channel condition of the channel to the kth user is the current-carrying-interference (C/I) ratio of the channel to the kth user. Those who are familiar with this technique will understand that there are several well-known methods that can be used to determine the value of C/I.
In a specific embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, the access metric is a function of C/I and the output value. In this specific embodiment, the instantaneous channel status of the channel to the k-th user is divided by the output value (that is, the filter output value of the k-th user) to generate an access metric. In another specific embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, the access metric is a function of the ratio of the instantaneous channel condition to the channel condition taken over the entire time.
In the case where the access metric is a function of the CI ratio and the output value, the access metric is used to determine which ABR user or users should be transmitted to make the output value of the entire system reach the best condition, and also A certain degree of fairness (ie basically fair system access) can be maintained for all ABR users.
In a specific embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, a user may indicate to the common transmitting station 102 that an information frame has not been received or an error exceeding a threshold number has occurred during reception. In this case, the output value related to the user should preferably be modified to take into account the fact that the information sent has not been properly received. According to a specific embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, the correction method is as follows;
T <sub>k</sub> (new)=T <sub>k</sub> (old)-(1tf)R <sub>k</sub> (t) Equation 8
Where T <sub>k</sub> (new) is the revised output value, T <sub>k</sub> (old) is the output value before correction, R <sub>k</sub> (t) is the rate of data transmission from t to the kth user during the last slot, t <sub>f</sub> Is the filter time constant, which is used to update the output value T <sub>k</sub> (old) to take into account the transmission rate of information at time t.
Therefore, if no transmission is attempted during time t, the resulting output value T <sub>k</sub> (new) will have the calculated value. This is appropriate because the user has not received the data transmitted during time t. In another method and device, T <sub>k</sub> The value of (t+1) can return to the value T <sub>k</sub> (t).
It should be noted that each user can receive data from a common transmitting station at any appropriate data rate. Therefore, the co-transmitting station 102 must determine the rate to be used to transmit data to each selected ABR user. According to a specific embodiment of the method and device of the present invention, the amount of available power is used to determine the rate at which data is transmitted to each selected ABR user. The user with the largest access metric will be selected first. It is better to transmit to the user at the highest possible rate. If additional power is available, the user with the second largest access metric will be selected. A better practice is that the common transmitting station transmits to the user at the highest possible rate. This process continues until all available power has been allocated as much as possible. Another feasible method is to allocate available power to each user based on the relative value of the access metric associated with each ABR user. There is another feasible method. Both the data rate and the amount of power to be used for transmission to each user can be determined based on the number of ABR users to be transmitted by the common transmitting station and the amount of available power.
For example, there are N users, and the access metric of the i-th user is A <sub>i</sub> , The percentage of total available power available to each user is as follows:
<maths><img file="TW511386B_D0002.tif" /></maths>
A common transmitting station can transmit to 5 ABR users with the largest access metric, and the power used is divided according to the ratio of each user's related access metric. Those who are familiar with this technique should understand that there are many different ways to select the number of ABR users and the rate to be used to send information to these users. An important feature of the method and device of the present invention is that the access metric is used to help select which user is to be transmitted from a plurality of ABR users.
In some cases, a common transmitter 102 may not have ready-made data to transmit to the ABR user with the best access metric. In this case, at least one of the following three methods can be used to adjust the output value related to the user. First, the output value can be adjusted as if the data is sent to the user at a selected rate under the assumption that there is information available for transmission. Second, for the time slot, the output value can be maintained without adjustment. Third, the output value can be adjusted as if the user did not choose to transmit it. Many specific embodiments have been described above. However, it should be understood that many
Different modifications do not violate the essence and scope of the present invention. Therefore, it can be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments shown, but only limited to the scope of the appended patent application.
60 members in 19 offices
Priority claims5
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 09345700 | United States of America | – | |
| 34570099 | United States of America | A | |
| 34570099 | United States of America | A | |
| 19990345700 | – | – | – |
| US19990345700 | – | – | – |
Members60
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| WO0072621A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
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| TW511386BThis record | Taiwan Province of China | B | |
| TW563381B | Taiwan Province of China | B | |
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| EP1588581A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| BRPI0407129A | Brazil | A | |
| RU2005127324A | Russian Federation | A | |
| CN1754401A | China | A | |
| JP2006516871A | Japan | A | |
| HK1086146A1 | Hong Kong, China | A1 | |
| US7123922B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
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| EP1588581B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
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| DE602004007237D1 | Germany | D1 | |
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| TWI343224B | Taiwan Province of China | B | |
| RU2010104387A | Russian Federation | A | |
| US8050198B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| EP2296421A3 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A3 | |
| JP2012090290A | Japan | A | |
| KR20120073340A | Republic of Korea | A | |
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| KR101278232B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
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| NO336690B1 | Norway | B1 | |
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| EP2296421B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
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| ES2674886T3 | Spain | T3 | |
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Numbers
- Publication
- 511386
- Publication, DOCDB
- 511386
- Publication, EPODOC
- TW511386B
- Application
- 89112990
- Application, DOCDB
- 89112990
- Application, EPODOC
- TW20000112990
Titles3
- English
- Transmitter-guided code division multiple access system that uses diverse paths to maximize output value fairly
- Chinese
- 使用路徑多樣以便公平地將產值最大化之發射機導引分碼多路接達系統
- English
- TRANSMITTER DIRECTED CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESSSYSTEM USING PATH DIVERSITY TO EOUITABLY MAXIMIZE THROUGHPUT
Classification
- CPC, 9
- H04W72/1252
- H04W72/12
- H04W72/52
- H04W24/00
- H04W52/26
- H04W52/34
- H04W72/085
- H04W72/542
- H04W72/1231
- IPC, 4
- H04B7 005
- H04W52 26
- H04W52 34
- H04W72 12