Recording medium for storing defect management information for recording real time data, defect managing method therefor, and real time data recording method

Storage medium suitable for recording real-time data, storing defect management information, defect management method and instant data recording method

The present invention relates to a method of managing a magnetic sheet and a defect thereof, and more particularly to a recording medium storing information on defect management using linear replacement, which can be real time on a digital video disc. A method of efficiently managing recording and/or reproducing image and/or sound data of a digital versatile discrandom access memory (DVD-RAM), and a method of recording data in real time using defect management information.

Instant recording or reproduction records or reproduces a specific amount of data within a specific time, and if the recording or reproducing operation is not performed while inputting data, the data will be lost if not within the predetermined time. Recording or reproduction, the reproduced data will cause an abnormal phenomenon of image pause or temporary interruption of music, which is caused by the fact that the recording or reproducing apparatus cannot control the input data for a short period of time.

DVD-RAM standard version 1.0 discloses a method of managing a defect generated on the disc, to enhance the credibility of the CD recording data of this defect management method comprising slid substituted (slipping replacement) substituted and linear (linear replacement) The first method deals with the defects detected in the initialization program. The second method is to replace the defect-free ECC block in the spare area with the disc using the error correction code with the defective section. (error correction code; ECC) block unit (16-node unit).

The slip-in replacement is used to reduce the degree of slowing of the recording or reproduction speed caused by the defect, which provides the logical node number originally intended to be supplied to the defective node area to the next node area of the defective node area, and the defective node area The detection method is a verification procedure performed when the disc is initialized. In other words, the recording or reproduction of data is skipped in the defective section area generated during the recording or reproduction process, and the physical node number is assigned to the number after the defective section is skipped, and the method of placing the data in the back is The spare area behind the recording area uses the same number of sections as the defective section.

However, the slip-in replacement method cannot handle the defects caused by the use of the optical disc. When the defective part is ignored and skipped, the number of the logical track will be discontinuous, and the slipping of this table will violate the rules of the file system. Therefore, when a disc is used to cause a defect, a linear substitution must be used to replace the ECC block of the spare area with the ECC block containing the defective section.

When using linear substitution, the logical section number does not have a blank condition. However, the location of the section on the disc is not continuous, and the real-time data of the defective ECC block exists in the spare area.

As mentioned above, when instant recording is required, such as recording of broadcast information or recording of an instant image, the information temporarily input during the recording cannot be arbitrarily delayed. When a defective section is encountered, the information must be recorded in a linear replacement (linear -replaced) The spare area, the subsequent pickup (pickup) action will search for the area of the spare area that is scheduled to be linearly replaced, and then move the read head back, and the recording speed is reduced. Therefore, when linear substitution is used, it is impossible to continuously record the information input immediately.

When the DVD-RAM disc player according to DVD-RAM Standard Version 1.0 uses this defect management method to reduce the burden on the computer, in order not to manage the defect, the computer transmits an instruction to the disc player that can execute the command made by the interface standard. That is, regardless of whether the computer decides to perform defect management, the defect management itself is set by the optical disk drive.

Even if the main computer does not manage the defect according to the degree of demand of the application, if the disc has been defect managed by other discs and some areas are slipped into the replacement or linear replacement, according to the DVD-RAM standard version. 1.0 DVD-RAM must still manage defects recorded in the primary defect list (PDL) and secondary defect list (SDL) according to the defect management rule. The position of the defective segment replaced by the slide-in must be recorded to the PDL, and the position of the defective block that is linearly replaced must be recorded in the SDL. Therefore, when data is recorded by a disc player that does not use linearly-substituted defect management, there is no guarantee that other disc players will also not linearly replace the same disc.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a recording medium for storing defect management information using linear substitution.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a recording medium for storing a plurality of defect management modes that vary with data.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a recording medium for configuring a spare area that must be used for instant recording, and this spare area can be effectively utilized.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of managing defects in a recording medium which can record real-time data and has great compatibility with a general DVD-RAM.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of recording real-time data, which includes defect management information for linear replacement.

Accordingly, in order to achieve the above object of the present invention, there is provided a recording medium comprising a recording area and a spare area for recording information representative of the use of linear replacement defect management, wherein the defective area of the recording medium is replaced by a spare area.

In order to achieve the second object of the present invention, there is provided a recording medium for storing defect management mode information indicating a plurality of defect management modes, which is information for determining whether to perform linear substitution based on a form of recorded data.

In order to achieve the third object of the present invention, there is provided a recording medium for storing information representing a defect area of a recording medium without applying linear substitution, wherein the spare area configured by the recording medium is used by the defect management method replaced by sliding.

In order to achieve the above fourth object of the present invention, the present invention provides a defect management method for a disc recording and/or reproducing apparatus, the method comprising the steps of: (a) recording representing a whole disc or a specific area of the disc Linearly replaces information on defect management or not, and (b) decides whether to replace the defective area with a block of the spare area using linear substitution based on information on the linearity of defect management.

In order to achieve the above five objects of the present invention, the present invention provides a method of recording real-time data to manage defects on a disc when using an optical disc recording and/or reproducing apparatus, including the following steps: (a) detecting whether a representative linear substitution (b) When the defect management mode information is that no linear substitution is used, it is checked whether the data to be recorded is real-time data; (c) when the recorded data is real-time data, the recorded data is checked. Whether there is a linearly substituted defect in the area; and (d) when there is no linearly substituted defect in the area where the data is recorded, check whether there is a new defect in the area where the data is to be stored, and when no new defect is detected, Instant data is recorded at the predetermined location.

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and understood.

<u>Example</u>

The preferred embodiment of the recording medium used to store the defect management information and the defect management method used for the instant data recording when recording the real time data will be described in detail in conjunction with the drawings.

First, please refer to Figures 1 and 2 for a detailed description of the slip-in substitution and linear substitution to aid in the understanding of the present invention.

Figure 1 is a diagram for explaining a defect management method using a slide-in replacement in a recording medium. The physical address on the optical disk shown in Fig. 1 is recorded as P1, P2, P3.....Pn, and the recording is instantaneous. The data must provide logical addresses to the physical sections of the physically-segmented sector, which are the addresses that the instant file system will use to find its data. However, in the initialization process of the optical disc, the relationship between the physical address and the logical address is mapped. If the third physical section of the first figure is detected as a defect, the logical address is not assigned to the defective section. The area, the logical section number L3 is assigned to the next entity section P4, and then the logical section is successively moved to the same position as the number of defective sections, and the spare area originally located behind the data group will be moved backward. The data area is temporarily used. When using the slip-in replacement method, high efficiency can be obtained by simply skipping the defective section, since the pickup does not need to be moved to a different position during recording or reproduction, but simply Ignore and skip the defect area. Therefore, the defective area can be skipped and the delayed time can be reduced, and the defective defective area position that has been slipped in is recorded in the PDL.

Figure 2 is a diagram for explaining a defect management method using linear substitution in a recording medium. Linear substitution is used to deal with defects that are generated after the disc is initialized, and defects are handled in ECC block units, that is, units of 16 nodes. In other words, when an error occurs in a section and is detected, if the error correction step is not performed in units of 16 sections, the error correction unit of each data previously recorded on the disc must be changed. Therefore, it must be done in units of one ECC block. Since the logical address of the area in which the data is recorded cannot be changed, it is not possible to use the slide-in replacement to skip the defective section and re-specify the logical address. When the logical block LB3 in FIG. 2 generates a defect, the defective area is recorded to the SDL to avoid being used, and the defective area is replaced by the spare area, and the replacement block in the spare area (the The SBK of Figure 2 has the same logical block number (LB3) as the error block.

In the process of reproduction, as shown in Fig. 2, the reading operation is continuously performed in the area 1 before the defective block, and then the read head moves to the spare area to read the replaced ECC block of the area 2. In order to deal with the above defects, the read head must move to the spare area to find the data, and then move back to the next block after the defective block, so it takes a lot of time to read or write data, thus the defect management The method does not apply to instant recording.

Figure 3 is a defect definition structure (DDS) table of the defect management area (DMA) of the DVD-RAM. In particular, a byte position (BP) and a disc certificate flag record the verification content of the entire disc, the byte position BP 16~39 and the group certification flag. ) Record the verification content of 24 data groups.

In addition, BP 0 and 1 are DDS validators, and BP 4~7 is the number of times the counter calculates the DDS/PDL block update or rewrite. That is, when the value of the counter is 0 at the start of initialization, the counter value is gradually increased when the DDS/PDL is updated or rewritten. After formatting, all DDS/PDL and SDL blocks must have the same value. BP 8 and 9 are the number of groups, for example, 24 groups are recorded as "0018" (16-bit).

Fig. 4A is a diagram showing the structure of a disc certificate flag in Fig. 3. When the bit b7 in the bit b7, b6, b5 representing the in-process state is "0b", it indicates that the formatting has been completed, and when the bit b7 is "1b", it is waiting for formatting (under -formation) state, when the bit b6 is "0b", the process of table formatting is full certificate (fullcertification), when the bit b6 is "1b", the table format or process is partially verified (partial certification) When the bit b5 is "0b", the table formatting process is performed on the entire optical disc, and when the bit b5 is "1b", the table formatting process performs verification on certain groups and the group verification flag. Marked as valid, when the bit b1 on behalf of the user is "0b", the disc is never verified by the user, and when the bit b1 is "1b", the disc is verified by the user by one or several Second, when the bit b0 on behalf of the optical disc manufacturer is "0b", the disc is not verified by the manufacturer, and when the bit b0 is "1b", the disc is verified by the manufacturer one or more times. The other bits b4, b3, b2 are reserved. However, the verification step before formatting sets the program state (in-process) to "111", and when the formatting is completed, the program state is set to "000".

FIG. 4B is a diagram showing the group verification flag structure of the bits b16 to 39 in FIG. When the bit b7 in the bit b6, b7 representing the program state is "0b", the table mapping group is formatted, and when the bit b7 is "1b", the table is formatting the mapping group, in the bit position When the element b6 is "0b", the formatting process performed by the table group is verified as a whole. When the bit b6 is "1b", the formatting process performed by the table group is partially verified, and when the representative uses When the bit b1 of the verification is "0b", the disc is never verified by the user, and when the bit b1 is "1b", the disc is verified by the user one or several times, and the other bit b5 , b4, b3, b2, and b0 are reserved.

Figure 5 depicts the content of a secondary defect list (SDL). The relative byte position (RBP) is the position of the relative byte from 0, the relative byte positions 0 and 1 are SDL validators, and are reserved at the relative byte positions 2, 3, relative bits. The tuple position 4~7 is the number of updated SDL blocks. When the SDL content is updated, the value of the SDL update counter will increase by 1. The relative byte position 8~15 is the spare area complete flag, and the relative byte position 16~19 is the total number of DDS/PDL update counter value table DDL/PDL block update or rewrite, DDS/PDL update When the value of the counter is "0", the table starts to be initialized, and when the value of the DDS/PDL update counter is "1", the table is updated or rewritten to the DDS/PDL. As mentioned above, the DDS/PDL and SDL blocks must have the same value after formatting is completed. The relative byte locations 20, 21 are reserved, the relative byte locations 22, 23 are the number of items in the table SDL, and the other relative byte locations represent each SDL entry.

Figure 6 is a diagram showing the complete flag structure of the spare area having the position of the relative byte in Figure 5. Please refer to FIG. 6 , if the bit representing the mapping group is "1, then there is no spare block in the mapping group, and if the bit representing the mapping group is "0, then The mapping group contains spare blocks.

Figure 7 is a diagram showing the structure of the SDL project of Figure 5. In Fig. 7, the FRM is a bit representing whether the defective block is replaced or not. When the defective block is replaced, the FRM bit is "0", and when the defective block is not replaced or the spare area does not exist, Then the FRM bit is "1". The SDL project contains the section number of the first section of the defective block and the section number of the first section of the replaced block. If the defective block is not replaced, the value of hexadecimal "000000" is recorded at the position where the first section number of the replacement block is recorded.

In the process of instant recording, whether it can process data in a specific time is more important than some errors in real-time data. Especially when processing images or the like, if there is a small error in the image, some parts of the screen will be An error has occurred. On the other hand, when the input data cannot be processed in real time, continuous data errors will make it impossible to perform general regeneration. Therefore, data processing is an important part.

Therefore, in order to achieve instant recording, it is necessary to have a method that does not use linear substitution but can achieve this. Once the concept of not using linear substitution is proposed, it is necessary to explain the new method of achieving the purpose of immediate recording without using the concept of linear substitution, and the new method is described in Figs. 8A to 8B.

8A to 8B are respectively a diagram showing the structure of the disc verification flag and the group verification flag of the DDS when the instant data is recorded by the present invention. In the disc verification flag structure and the group verification flag structure of the DDS of FIG. 8A to FIG. 8B, except for the bit b2, the rest are the same as the 4A to 4B. When a disc having no linear substitution is used, the bit b2 of the disc verification flag is set to "1", and when a disc having a linear substitution is used, the bit b2 of the disc verification flag is set to "0". In the 8A to 8B pictures, the information of the linear replacement use or not is stored in the bit b2, which is called the defect management mode.

When some specific groups are partially initialized to prevent linear substitution, please refer to FIG. 8B, and the bit b2 of the group verification flag of the specific group is set to "1" to indicate that the data area of the group is not Perform a linear substitution. In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the disc verification flag and the bit verification flag of the group verification flag are used, but other reserved bits may also be used. If bit b2 is reserved, its value is set to "0".

When the disc is initialized, if the disc verification flag and the group verification flag are set to "1" for the bit b2 representing the disc defect management mode, the SDL records only the start section of the defective block generated when the disc is used. The area address, the FRM bit of the SDL item is set to "1", and no linear substitution is made, and the hexadecimal "000000" is recorded at the position of the first section number of the replacement block in which the SDL item is recorded.

As described above, the method of the present invention is compatible with the defect management method using the current DVD-RAM standard, that is, the method of the present invention can be used to specify a block that is not linearly substituted in the presence of a defect management method. The method, and the method of recording or reproducing the real-time data without causing the defective block to be linearly replaced.

A method of judging whether a linear substitution is used to replace a defective area with a defective area, regardless of the form of data to be recorded, whether or not a linear replacement defect is recorded by a defect management area in a specific area of the optical disc or the optical disc. The information on the management method is determined.

Moreover, a method of determining whether to use a linear substitution to replace a defective area with a defective area, in the case where the data must be recorded immediately, whether the linear replacement defect is recorded by the defect management area in a specific area in the optical disc or the optical disc The information on the management method is determined.

The present invention has been made in accordance with the above embodiments in a method of preventing linear replacement of a specific area of a whole optical disc or optical disc. In other embodiments, when a disc defect management mode is set to "1", this information can be used as a basis for the linear replacement of the disc defect area when instant recording or reproduction is required. However, when instant recording or regeneration is not performed, linear substitution can be performed. In this case, when data that does not require immediate recording has been recorded in one area, the defective area of the table is linearly substituted, and the defect replacement of the defective area must be canceled. Therefore, when the disc management mode is set to "1", the table can cancel the linear substitution of the defective area in the instant recorded data.

In order to prevent linear replacement of a specific area of a single optical disc or a disc, the bit associated with the disc defect management mode is set to "1" during initialization. On the other hand, when the linear substitution is not performed only when the real-time data is recorded, it is not necessary to set the information of the defect management mode in the initialization process. That is, when the optical disc needs to record the real-time data, the information of the disc defect management mode is set to "1" before the recording of the real-time data. At this time, determining whether the optical disc is suitable for recording the real-time data is determined according to the number and distribution of the defects in the optical disc. When it is determined that the disc is not suitable for recording real-time data, the disc defect management mode is set to "1", otherwise there must be a program to notify the user that the disc is not suitable for recording real-time data.

Figure 9 is a flow chart showing the recording of data according to the defect management method of the present invention, and the manner of recording the data is a linear substitution by the non-transmissive disk defect mode set to "1".

Referring to FIG. 9, first, before the data recording is performed on the optical disk, step S101 is performed to check whether the optical disk defect management mode is "1". If the disc defect management mode is "1", step S103 is performed to check whether the data is immediate data. If the disc defect management mode is "0", steps S102, 108 are performed to record each piece of data in the general defect management method defined by the DVD-RAM Standard Version 1.0. When it is checked in step S103 that the data is not immediate data, the general defect management of step S102 is performed. When it is checked in step S103 that the data is real-time data, step S104 is performed to check whether there is a linearly substituted defect in the position of the data record.

When it is checked in step S104 that there is a linearly substituted defect at the position of the data record, step S105 is performed to cancel the linearly substituted defect, and if there is no linearly substituted defect in the position of the data record, step S106 is performed to check the data reservation. Whether there is a newly detected defect in the recorded location.

When it is checked in step S106 whether or not there is a newly detected defect at the position where the data is scheduled to be recorded, step S107 is performed to record information indicating that the defect has been linearly replaced in the defect defect list (SDL) of the defect management area. Then, step S108 is performed to record the data in an appropriate location. Moreover, when no new defect is detected in step S106, step S108 is performed to record the data in an appropriate position.

Step S105 cancels the linear substitution defect and step S107 records the information that the defect is linearly replaced. The first segment of the defective block records the 16-bit data of "000000", records the linearly replaced defect information in the SDL, and Set the FRM information to "1". In this case, since the disc defect management mode is set to "1", the mode information and the FRM information can be compared for confirmation, and the meaning represented by the FRM information is different from the meaning represented by the existing FRM.

That is, according to the standard version of the FRM information, it can be pointed out that the defective block is not replaced by the spare area block, or there is no spare area to be replaced. On the other hand, when the newly defined FRM information is added to the existing FRM so that the defect management mode is "1", the defective area whose representative is linearly replaced has been canceled in the process of instant recording, or represents the defective area. It was not linearly replaced in the process of instant recording.

Since the defect management mode of the optical disc is "1", the optical disc can prevent the reconfiguration of the information on the optical disc without considering the instant information, and collect the pieces on the optical disc, and can include The read step after reconfiguration is used as a method of reorganizing the disc information. The reconfigured read step can be used to read the data and replace the defective block with the spare area block.

Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of an improved SDL project for canceling linear substitution in the present invention. When recording the real-time data, if there is already a defective defect on the optical disc, the hexadecimal "000000" is recorded for the area in which the first section number is recorded, and the FRM bit is set to "1" to cancel the linearity. Replace.

This method can reduce the changes made to the existing standards. However, in this method, the information representing the defects and the replacement in the block must be deleted, so the linear substitution can be arbitrarily performed or deleted without continuously using the spare. Area. In particular, when the block that has been linearly replaced by the spare area has defects and is replaced, the information related to the block that is linearly replaced by the spare area is lost.

Therefore, it is preferable that the blocks of the spare area are sequentially used in the process of linear substitution, and even when the linear substitution is canceled, the information contained in the block in which the defect is replaced in the spare area is not lost. When only one area where the FRM bit and the first section number are recorded is used to record the information related to the replacement of the section in the spare area, it is impossible to distinguish that the anti-replacement block is replaced again because of the defect or Because linear substitution is cancelled to record real-time information.

In order to solve the above problem, a canceled linear replacement (CLR) is defined by an alternate bit of an unused SDL project. When a linear substitution associated with an enantiomerized SDL item is cancelled for recording real-time data, a method can be used. To set the CLR flag to "1". When the CLR flag is set to "0", the replacement block configured by the table is not used by the instant data, for example, the unused bit b31 is regarded as the CLR flag.

The defect management information used to record real-time data can be roughly divided into three types: (1) the recorded data is not recorded on the entire disc; (2) the two forms of data, and one disc contains both real-time data and non-instant data. Linear data is not used when recording real-time data; (3) Instant data is recorded on the entire disc, that is, the entire disc is not used in the linear replacement management method.

Especially in the third case, that is, the entire disc does not use the linear replacement management method, so the spare area used by the defect management can be set smaller than the first type and the second type, in Fig. 12 and Figure 13 will detail this situation.

When the three or more management methods are applied to a single disc, depending on the purpose of the disc, there are many application relationships that make the use of the disc more efficient. However, considering the various conditions for changing and using the optical disc between the reproducing devices, the defect management conditions used by the optical disc must be described in detail, as shown in Fig. 8 representing the 1-bit defect management mode information using linear substitution or not. The management information is not enough.

Therefore, as shown in Fig. 11, the defect management mode information representing the use of linear substitution or not by a plurality of types or different defect management modes is stored in the DDS of the defect management area (DMA) in the optical disc. Fig. 11 is a diagram showing the associated bit group position BP10 of the DDS, i.e., the bit b7, b6 of the eleventh byte, according to the defect management (DM) mode determined by using linear management or not.

As shown in Figure 11, when the DM mode information is "00b", the table slides in and replaces all data applied to the disc. When the DM mode information is "01b", the table is based on usage information (instant data and non- Instant data) Selectively use linear substitution. When the DM mode information is "10b", no linear substitution is used for each data in the table.

When the DM mode information is "00b", the table must use the slip-in substitution and the linear substitution. This mode is the case where the first type has no real-time data at all. When the DM mode information is "01b", the table must use linear substitution, but the linear substitution used to record the immediate data is optional. When the DM mode information is "10b", only the slip-in is replaced. This mode is the third case described above, and only the defect management mode in real-time data. When the DM mode information is "10b", the physical configuration of the disc can be changed.

Since linear substitution cannot be used to record real-time data, the spare area that must be used for linear substitution does not really have to exist. In this case, the present invention places the spare area used for the slip-in replacement in the last group, and does not configure the spare area used for the linear replacement as shown in Fig. 12. In particular, the spare area of this last group is configured with 7680 nodes (480 ECC blocks) as the spare area used for the slide-in replacement to match the 7679 items that the PDL can log in. In Fig. 12, sec represents a sector, blk represents a block, and rev represents a revolution.

In order to make the present invention compatible with the existing defect management structure, it is necessary to have a flag of the bit b7, b6 of the bit position BP10 in the DDS and PDL as shown in Fig. 13 to distinguish the instant record of the slip-in replacement. The spare area is configured and a spare area configured for linear substitution and slip-in replacement according to an existing defect management method.

Referring to Fig. 13, when the bits b7 and b6 of the bit position BP10 in the DDS and the PDL are "00b", the table uses an existing system management method. When the bits b7 and b6 are "10b", the table does not need to be linearly substituted for the defect management method, and only the spare area that is replaced with the slide-in is placed in the last group of the disc. Therefore, the spare area is configured in accordance with the method of instant recording. Therefore, efficiency is improved by the application of the disc space.

As described above, the method of the present invention is compatible with the defect management method on the current DVD-RAM standard, and linear substitution is not used when performing instant recording. Therefore, real-time data can be recorded and reproduced.

In the present invention, since the defect management mode information representing a plurality of types or different kinds of changes by different data forms is stored, a variety of correlations are generated depending on the purpose of use of the recording medium, and the recording medium can be effectively used.

Moreover, in the present invention, the spare area is configured only when the live data is recorded, so the use of the optical disc space can be more efficient.

<p>B1~bn: bit</p><p>P1~Pn: physical address</p><p>L1-Ln: logical section</p><p>LB1~LBn: logical block</p><p>BP1~BPn: bit position</p>

The first figure is used to explain a defect management method using slide-in replacement in a recording medium;

The second figure is used to explain a defect management method using linear substitution in a recording medium;

The third figure is shown as a defect definition structure (DDS) table;

The fourth graph A to the fourth graph B respectively show the structure of the disc certificate flag and the group certificate flag in the third graph;

The fifth figure depicts a secondary defect list (SDL);

The sixth figure shows a complete flag structure diagram of the spare area shown in the fifth figure;

The seventh figure shows the structure diagram of the SDL project of the fifth figure;

8 to 8B respectively illustrate the structure of the disc verification flag and the structure of the group verification flag of the DDS when the instant data is recorded by the present invention;

Figure 9 is a flow chart showing an embodiment of recording data according to the defect management method of the invention;

Figure 11 is a diagram showing a structural example of an improved SDL project for canceling linear substitution in the present invention;

11 is a diagram showing an example of a DDS for storing information for displaying a plurality of defect management modes in the present invention;

Figure 12 is a diagram showing a spare area configuration table used for recording real-time data in the present invention;

Figure 13 is a diagram showing the structure of the DDS and PDL used to store the defect management mode information when the spare area used for recording the real-time data shown in Fig. 12 is performed in the present invention.