Display with micro-LED front light

Display with micro light emitting diode front light

DISPLAY WITH MICRO-LED FRONT LIGHT

The present invention relates to front light illumination for reflective displays and in some embodiments relates to an integrated touch screen.

Flat panel displays are widely used in conjunction with computing devices, in portable devices, and for entertainment devices such as televisions. These displays usually use a plurality of pixels distributed above a display substrate to display images, graphics or text. Both light reflective and light emitting displays are known. The light emitting display emits light and can be used in a dark surrounding environment. In contrast, reflective displays generally cannot be viewed without incident ambient light. Various reflective displays are known, including reflective liquid crystal displays and electrophoretic displays, and are generally found in low-power applications such as e-readers. In some reflective displays, a front light is integrated around the edge of the reflective display to illuminate the display so that it can be read in an otherwise dark environment. For example, US Patent Nos. 6,340,999 and 6,650,382 disclose an LCD with a front light having one of the light sources around the edge of the display and a light guide for guiding the edge lighting toward the display. US Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0080483 discloses a touch panel integrated reflective LCD with a front light that also has one of the light sources around the edge of the display, and a light guide for guiding the edge lighting toward the display. US Patent No. 8,596,846 discloses an LCD with a holographic front light guide using laser illumination. These front light structures require waveguides to provide uniform illumination above the viewing surface of the display, thereby increasing the cost and thickness of the device, and it is not easy to integrate with the touch screen. Furthermore, edge lighting suppresses local dimming of rectangular areas within a subset of a display. Therefore, there is still a need for an alternative front light structure that reduces the number of layers in the display and is easily integrated with the touch screen.

The invention includes a reflective display and a front light used to illuminate a display area of the reflective display, for example, in a dark environment. The front light includes a plurality of micro light emitting diodes (micro LEDs) on a layer between the reflective display and a viewer or in the display area of the layer. The micro LEDs are electrically connected to the conductors in or on the layer, and the conductors are driven by a controller to control the micro LEDs to emit light and illuminate the display area. In a further embodiment of the present invention, a touch screen (such as a capacitive touch screen) is integrated with the front light so that the additional layer is not incorporated into the reflective display. In various embodiments, the touch screen operates independently of the front light or in cooperation with the front light. The prior art front light usually has light emitters positioned around the periphery of a display area and a light guide plate that evenly distributes the light emitted from the edge light emitters on the upper display area. The light guide plate is an expensive optical sheet, which absorbs some light and adds undesirable thickness and weight to the device. In contrast, the present invention provides a front light of a reflective display without a light guide plate or an edge emitter and can be integrated with a touch screen so that it is small (for example, less than 20 µm) or has no additional thickness or light absorption is increased to Reflective display structure. These advantages reduce costs and improve system performance. In one aspect, the disclosed technology includes a reflective display, which includes: a reflective pixel array in or below a reflective display viewing area for viewing electronic display information; one layer (for example, a transparent layer) , Which is positioned on or above the reflective display viewing area, the layer includes: positioned in or on the layer within the xy boundary of the reflective display viewing area (for example, distributed in the reflective display viewing area Above) and oriented to emit light toward the viewing area of the reflective display, a plurality of micro-LEDs and a plurality of conductors positioned on or in the layer and electrically connected to the micro-LEDs; and a controller, which It is connected to the conductors to control the micro LEDs to emit light to illuminate the viewing area of the reflective display (for example, when the ambient light is insufficient to view the electronic display information). In some embodiments, the layer includes a display cover or substrate. In some embodiments, the micro LEDs have an emitting surface and are positioned on or in the layer such that there is a gap between the emitting surface of the micro LEDs and the surface of the reflective display viewing area gap. In some embodiments, the gap is a thickness of the layer. In some embodiments, the micro LEDs are positioned on this layer. In some embodiments, the micro LEDs are inorganic micro LEDs. In some embodiments, the display includes a gap between the layer and a surface of the viewing area of the reflective display. In some embodiments, the display includes an optically transparent adhesive that adheres the layer to a surface of the viewing area of the reflective display. In some embodiments, one or more of the micro LEDs emit white light. In some embodiments, the plurality of micro LEDs include red micro LEDs emitting red light, green micro LEDs emitting green light, and blue micro LEDs emitting blue light. In some embodiments, the red micro LEDs are positioned adjacent to the green micro LED, adjacent to the blue micro LED, or adjacent to both the green and blue micro LEDs. In some embodiments, the plurality of micro LEDs are arranged in rows including red, green, and blue micro LEDs, and the micro LEDs in the adjacent rows are spatially shifted or the color of the micro LEDs in the adjacent rows Offset in space. In some embodiments, the plurality of micro LEDs are arranged into groups each having a red, a green, and a blue micro LED, and the distance between the micro LEDs in one of the groups is smaller than the micro LEDs. The distance between LED groups. In some embodiments, the layer has a first side adjacent to the viewing area of the reflective display and a second side opposite to the first side, and the reflective display includes a layer formed on the first side A touch sensor with an electrode pattern on the second side or on both the first and second sides. In some embodiments, the controller includes a control circuit that provides power to the conductors to emit light from the micro LEDs and separately provides signals to the electrodes to detect the layer or the reflective display Touch on or nearby. In some embodiments, the electrode pattern includes an electrode array electrically separated from the conductors, wherein the conductors and the micro LEDs are disposed between the electrodes. In some embodiments, the electrode pattern on the first side is formed to extend in a first direction to electrically separate the first electrode array and the electrode pattern on the second side is formed in a direction different from the first direction One extends in the second direction and one electrically separates the second electrode array. In some embodiments, the controller includes a control circuit that provides power to the conductors to emit light from the micro LEDs during a first time period and is different from the first time period. During the second time period, signals are provided to the electrodes to detect touches. In some embodiments, the electrodes are the conductors. In some embodiments, the electrodes are formed in a parallel electrode array and the micro LEDs are connected to adjacent electrode pairs. In some embodiments, the electrode pattern forms an electrically separated first electrode array extending in a first direction and an electrically separated second electrode array extending in a second direction different from the first direction, And each micro LED is connected to a first electrode and a second electrode. In some embodiments, the display includes a display controller that controls the images displayed on the reflective display, wherein the controller includes a control circuit that responds to the display on the reflective display The micro LEDs are controlled to provide front light dimming. In some embodiments, the controller includes a control circuit that controls the micro LEDs in response to ambient lighting. In some embodiments, the display includes a protective layer coated on the micro LEDs and the layer. In some embodiments, each micro LED has an area less than 500, 250, 100, or 50 square microns or a light-emitting area. In some embodiments, the micro LEDs are separated in one or two dimensions by 50 microns or more, 100 microns or more, 500 microns or more, 1 mm or more, 2 mm or more, or 5 mm or larger. In some embodiments, the display includes an array of touch controller chiplets distributed above the display area, each of which is electrically connected to one or more electrically separated electrodes to detect the one or Touches on or adjacent to the one or more electrodes (for example, on a display screen of the reflective display). In some embodiments, a conductor passes through the touch controller chip. In some embodiments, the array of touch controller chiplets includes 10,000 or more touch controller chips, 50,000 or more touch controller chips, 100,000 or more touch controller chips. Controller chips, 500,000 or more touch controller chips, or 1,000,000 or more touch controller chips. In some embodiments, the touch controller chip is interspersed between the micro LEDs. In some embodiments, the touch controller chip is electrically connected to the micro LEDs. In some embodiments, each of the micro LEDs has a width from 2 µm to 5 µm, 5 µm to 10 µm, 10 µm to 20 µm, or 20 µm to 50 µm. In some embodiments, each of the micro LEDs has a length from 2 µm to 5 µm, from 5 µm to 10 µm, from 10 µm to 20 µm, or from 20 µm to 50 µm. In some embodiments, each of the micro LEDs has a height from 2 µm to 5 µm, 4 µm to 10 µm, 10 µm to 20 µm, or 20 µm to 50 µm. In some embodiments, the area of the micro LEDs is less than or equal to one-quarter, one-eighth, one-tenth, one-twentieth, and one-fifth of the viewing area of the reflective display. , One-hundredth, one-fifth, one-thousandth, one-thousandth, or one-thousandth. In some embodiments, the layer includes the controller. In some embodiments, the controller is on or in the layer. In some embodiments, the display includes: a reflective pixel array in or below a reflective display viewing area for viewing electronic display information; a layer positioned on or above the reflective display viewing area On the transparent cover, the layer includes: a transparent cover having a first side and a second opposite side, positioned in or on the transparent cover within the xy boundary of the viewing area of the reflective display and oriented to A plurality of micro LEDs that emit light toward the viewing area of the reflective display and a plurality of conductors positioned on or in the transparent cover and electrically connected to the micro LEDs, wherein the reflective pixel array is adjacent to the transparent cover The first side; and a controller, which is connected to the conductors to control the micro LEDs to emit light to illuminate the reflective display viewing area. In some embodiments, the micro LEDs are positioned on the first side adjacent to the reflective pixels. In some embodiments, the micro LEDs are positioned on the second side. In some embodiments, the display includes a protective layer disposed above the layer. In another aspect, the disclosed technology includes a method of operating a reflective display structure, which includes: providing the reflective display structure as described herein, wherein the reflective display includes an electrode electrically separated from the conductors Array; The controller controls the micro LEDs to emit light and controls the electrode array to detect a touch. In some embodiments, the controller controls the micro LEDs to emit light while detecting a touch. In some embodiments, the controller controls the micro LEDs to emit light during a first time period and uses the electrode array to detect a touch during a second time period different from the first time period. Embodiments of the present invention provide a thin, single substrate, integrated front light and touch screen system with improved performance and reduced size, weight, and thickness.

<b>Priority Information</b>This application claims the priority of U.S. Patent Application No. 14/849,242 filed on September 9, 2015 and titled "Display with Micro-LED Front Light", the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference . For cross-reference of related applications, refer to the joint assignment of the application titled "Small-Aperture-Ratio Display with Electrical Component" on June 29, 2015, and U.S. Patent Application No. 14/754,573, filed on July 9, 2015 The joint assignment with the title of "Active-Matrix Touchscreen" and the U.S. Patent Application No. 14/795,831, the joint assignment with the title of "Compound Micro-Assembly Strategies and Devices" filed on August 10, 2015 and the U.S. Patent Application No. 14/822,868 and a joint assignment with the title "Micro Assembled LED Displays and Lighting Elements" filed on June 18, 2015 and the United States Patent Application No. 14/743,788, the entire contents of these cases are incorporated by reference The method is incorporated into this article. Referring to the exploded perspective view of FIG. 1 and the schematic diagram of FIG. 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, a reflective display 10 includes an array of reflective pixels 26 having a display viewing area 22 for viewing electronic display information. A layer 30 is positioned on or above the viewing area 22 of the display, through which the array of reflective pixels 26 can be viewed. The array of reflective pixels 26 may be formed on a display substrate 20 (for example, including glass or plastic). A plurality of micro LEDs 40 are positioned on or in the inner layer 30 of the display viewing area 22 and configured to emit light toward the display viewing area 22. Positioning in the display viewing area 22 means that the plurality of micro LEDs 40 are within the xy boundary of the reflective display viewing area 22, where x and y are parallel to one surface of the reflective display viewing area 22 and are largely orthogonal It is an orthogonal dimension in one of the viewing directions of the reflective display 10. The micro LEDs are distributed above the reflective display viewing area 22, are oriented to emit light toward the reflective display viewing area 22, and can be regularly or irregularly arranged above the display viewing area 22 (for example, in an array). A plurality of conductors 70 (FIG. 2) are positioned on or in the layer 30 and are electrically connected to the micro LED 40 through contact pads 42 on the micro LED 40, for example. A controller 50 For example, a wire 60 forming a bus 62 is connected to the conductor 70 to, for example, control the micro LED 40 to emit light to illuminate the display viewing area 22 when the ambient light is insufficient for viewing electronic display information. Generally, the micro LED 40 has an emitting surface through which light is intended to be emitted. According to the invention, the emitting surface is oriented towards the viewing area 22 of the display. The layer 30 may include the controller 50 or the controller 50 may be in or on the layer 30. According to various embodiments of the present invention, the reflective display 10 of the present invention may include a reflective liquid crystal display, a transflective liquid crystal display, a cholesteric liquid crystal display, an electrophoretic display, an electronic paper display, and an electronic ink. Display, an electrowetting display, an electrochromic display, an electrofluid display, a bistable display or an interferometric modulator display. As anticipated herein, a reflective display 10 relies at least in part on the ambient lighting incident on the display viewing area 22 in some situations to enable a viewer to view the display information in the display viewing area 22 of the reflective display 10. . The display viewing area 22 of the reflective display 10 is any part of the reflective display 10 that displays at least part of an image. A layer 30 can be a conductor 70 can be formed on or in it and a micro LED 40 Any substrate or coating disposed on or formed on or in it, such as glass or polymer. The layer 30 may be separated from the display viewing area 22 or the reflective pixels 26 and laminated or otherwise adhered to a surface of the display viewing area 22. Layer 30 may include a display cover or display substrate. In one embodiment, the micro LED 40 is an inorganic light emitting diode and the conductor 70 is a patterned trace of a transparent metal oxide (such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or aluminum zinc oxide (AZO)). Alternatively, the conductor 70 is formed of a micro wire or a metal mesh of one of the micro wires. The micro wires and the micro LED 40 are too small to be easily observed or analyzed by a viewer at a designed viewing distance, and are sufficiently separated so that the metal mesh or the micro LED 40 layer appears to be largely transparent, for example, greater than 80% , 90%, 95% or 99% transparent. By referring to the LED as the micro LED 40, it means that the micro LED is too small to be observed or resolved by a viewer at a designed viewing distance. The conductors 70 may each include only one micro-conductive wire or may include a plurality of micro-wires (for example, micro-wires formed in an electrically connected diamond pattern). The controller 50 can be an integrated circuit and can be connected to the micro LED 40 or the reflective pixel 26 through, for example, a wire 60 configured as a bus 62 and can be positioned outside the display viewing area 22 (FIG. 1 ). Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2, the controller 50 may be positioned on a display substrate or on the display cover outside the display viewing area 22. In an embodiment of the present invention, one or more of the micro LEDs 40 emit white light. In another embodiment of the present invention and as shown in FIG. 2, the plurality of micro LEDs 40 include a red micro LED 40R that emits red light, a green micro LED 40G that emits green light, and a blue micro LED 40B that emits blue light (collectively referred to as For micro LED 40). The red micro LED 40R, the green micro LED 40G, and the blue micro LED 40B can be arranged in any of various ways (for example, arranged in a row as shown in FIG. 2), wherein each red micro LED 40R in a common row is between Between a green micro LED 40G and a blue micro LED 40B (except at the edge of the column). As also shown in FIG. 2, the different colors of the micro LEDs 40 in adjacent columns are spatially offset, so that, for example, in a row, a red micro LED 40R is under a blue micro LED 40B and a green micro LED 40G above. In another embodiment (not shown), the columns of micro LEDs 40 are spatially offset to form a zigzag row. By spatially shifting the micro LED 40 or alternating colors in a column or row, a viewer is more likely to perceive a white color and less likely to perceive individual colors emitted from the micro LED 40, thereby improving the viewing experience and the displayed colors flat. In one embodiment, a sufficient number of micro LEDs 40 is arranged at a sufficient distance from the display viewing area 22 to provide a uniform illumination (for example, a uniform white light illumination) above the display viewing area. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the controller 50 responds to, for example, an image displayed on the display viewing area 22 by a display controller (not shown) to control the individual micro LED 40, the micro LED 40 row Or a group of micro LED 40. In this embodiment, the display controller controls the image displayed on the display viewing area 22 and in combination, one of the control circuits 52 in the controller 50 controls the micro LED 40 to only be in the area of the image (where the image is intended to reflect light) Medium emits light and does not emit light in the black areas of the image. Therefore, the front light of the present invention can be used to provide local column or row dimming, thereby improving the contrast of the reflective pixels 26. In addition, when individual red, green and blue micro LEDs are used, their relative brightness can be used to control the white point and color temperature of the reflective display. In a typical projected capacitive touch panel, electrodes are formed at, for example, a 4 mm pitch. The light emission from the micro LED 40 depends on the optical structure of the micro LED 40 and the distance from the self-luminous micro LED 40 to the illuminating surface (ie, one surface of the display viewing area 22) affects the uniformity of light on the illuminating surface. Since in some embodiments a very thin reflective display 10 and white light from the front light is required for illumination, in another embodiment red, green and blue micro LEDs 40 is positioned in a group of a red micro LED 40R, a green micro LED 40G, and a blue micro LED 40B. Therefore, the micro LEDs 40 in each group are positioned in close proximity and the group separation is greater than in each group One distance of the micro LED 40. This configuration enables a visually white light to be provided by the different colors emitted by the colored micro LEDs 40. 3-7, in one embodiment, the layer 30 includes a transparent cover having a first side and a second opposite side, and the reflective pixels 26 are adjacent to the first side of the transparent cover such that the first side is between Between the second side and the reflective pixel 26. In one embodiment, the micro LED 40 is on the first side between the transparent cover and the reflective pixel 26. In another embodiment, the micro LED 40 is on the second side such that the transparent cover is between the micro LED 40 and the reflective pixel 26. In this embodiment, a protective layer 38 can be placed on the micro LED 40 to protect it from environmental damage. As shown in FIGS. 3-7, the micro LED 40 and layer 30 are configured in various corresponding ways in various embodiments. As shown in FIG. 3, the micro LED 40 of the reflective display 10 is positioned between the upper layer 30 of the layer 30 and a surface of the display viewing area, and an air gap can be positioned between the emitting surface of the micro LED 40 and a surface of the display viewing area. between. Micro LED 40 may have a thickness less than one of 50, 20, 10, or 5 microns. If the air gap (or a compliant layer) is already in place, positioning the micro LED 40 in the air gap (or compliant layer) when the gap is thicker than the micro LED 40 will not increase the thickness of the device. Alternatively, if the micro LED 40 is positioned on the inside of, for example, a display cover, the additional thickness of the micro LED 40 may be limited to the thickness of the micro LED 40. The gap may be a thickness of the layer 30 or a portion of the thickness of the layer 30. This configuration can avoid capturing the light 98 emitted by the micro LED 40. Alternatively, the micro LED 40 is in contact with a surface of the display viewing area 22 (FIG. 4) and may include an optically transparent adhesive 32 formed in a layer to adhere the micro LED 40 and layer 30 to a surface of the display viewing area 22 To form a more mechanically robust solid structure (Figure 5). Preferably, the optically transparent adhesive is index-matched with the display layer or the micro LED or both, so as to prevent the reflection of reduced contrast. The micro-LEDs 40 in these configurations may be of the top-emitting type, that is, they emit light in a direction away from the substrate (layer 30) to which the micro-LEDs 40 are attached or constructed on the substrate. superior. As shown in Figure 6, layer 30 can be interposed between the micro LED 40 and the reflective display 10. The layer 30 may be in contact with or adhered to a surface of the display viewing area 22 as shown, or may be separated from a surface of the display viewing area 22 by a gap (not shown). Layer 30 may be or include a display cover or display substrate. In an alternative embodiment, a surface of the viewing area 22 of the display is or formed layer 30 (FIG. 7) and the micro LED 40 is directly disposed on a surface of the viewing area of the display. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a protective layer 38 may be coated on the micro LED 40. The micro LED 40 in these configurations may be of a bottom emission type, that is, they emit light through the substrate (layer 30) to which the micro LED 40 is attached or constructed on the substrate. In all these embodiments, referring again to FIG. 3, a layer of reflective pixels 26 forms an image 90 under the control of a display controller (not shown). The display controller may be the controller 50. When incident ambient light 92 is available, dark reflective pixels 26 absorb ambient light 94, and transparent or colored reflective pixels 26 reflect ambient light 96 from a reflector 28 (such as a metal reflective layer). When the incident ambient light 92 is not available, the micro LED 40 emit light 98. The reflective pixel 26 responds to the emitted light 98 as it responds to the incident ambient light 92, absorbing light 98 when the reflective pixel 26 is dark and reflecting light 98 when the reflective pixel 26 is bright. In either case, a viewer 99 only perceives reflected light (whether from ambient lighting or emitted from the micro LED 40). Preferably, as shown, the reflector 28 is positioned very close to the reflective pixel 26 to avoid parallax. In the embodiment of the present invention, the front light is integrated with a touch screen without adding an additional light absorbing layer, so that the reflective display 10 includes a touch sensor. As shown, for example in FIG. 3, the layer 30 has a first side 34 adjacent to a surface of the display viewing area 22 and a second side 36 opposite to the reflective display 12. In various embodiments, one of the electrodes is patterned on the first side 34, the second side 36, or both the first side 34 and the second side 36. Referring to the schematic diagram of FIG. 8, in an embodiment of the reflective display 10 of the present invention, the conductor 70 and the electrode 80 are formed on a common side of the layer 30 (FIG. 1) above the display viewing area 22 (for example, in the direction toward The reflective display 10 is one of the viewer's direction). The common side can be the first side 34 (corresponding to the cross section of any one of FIGS. 3 to 5) or the second side 36 (Corresponding to Figure 6). As shown in FIG. 8, the electrode 80 is formed as an array of parallel electrodes 80 that are electrically separated and insulated from the conductor 70. In this embodiment, the conductor 70 and the micro LED 40 are disposed between the electrodes 80 and can be used to visually fill the space between the electrodes 80 to provide a uniform appearance to the display viewing area 22. Electrically separated micro wires or metal oxide conductors can be added to serve as a dummy electrode 82 to provide optical uniformity to the viewing area 22 of the display. The micro LEDs 40 are shown connected in parallel; in another embodiment, the micro LEDs 40 are connected in series to reduce the wiring width across the viewing area 22 of the display. Although not shown in FIG. 8, a capacitive touch screen may be formed with one of the electrodes 84 on the opposite side of the layer 30 and extending in a direction different from the direction in which the electrodes 80 extend to electrically separate the second array. Alternatively, the separate second array of electrodes 84 is on the same side as the first electrode 80, (for example) using jumper wires 86 (for example, they can be printed by micro-transfer printing) to avoid the first electrode 80 and the second electrode 80 There is an electrical short circuit between the electrodes 84, in which the first electrode 80 and the second electrode 84 intersect. Apply on June 18, 2015 with the title "Micro Assembled LED Displays and Lighting US Patent Application No. 14/743,788 of "Elements" discloses examples of jumpers that can be used in this article. The orthogonal array of the first electrode 80 and the second electrode 84 can form a projected mutual capacitance touch sensor. Alternatively, referring to FIG. 9, the array of the first electrode 80 and the second electrode 84 may form alternating rhombus shapes in a common layer, with the jumper 86 above the electrical connections between the rhombuses in one layer. In another embodiment, the electrode 80 forms a self-capacitance touch screen. In any of these embodiments, the conductor 70 and the micro LED 40 are positioned between the electrically separated electrodes 80. If an electrode array is positioned on one of the touched sides of the layer 30, a protective layer or cover can be placed over the electrode array to protect it from the environment or touch tools (such as fingers). The controller 50 includes a control circuit 52 that provides power to the conductor 70 and to the micro LED 40 to emit light from the LED 40. The control circuit 52 can separately provide a signal to the electrode 80 to detect a touch on or near a surface of the layer 30 or the viewing area 22 of the display. By sequentially energizing the electrodes 80 and sensing the capacitance of each of the second electrodes (for example, the electrode 84 in FIG. 9), a touch can be detected. In the embodiment of FIGS. 8 and 9, the conductor 70 and the micro LED 40 are electrically separated from the electrode 80. In an alternative embodiment, the conductor 70 is the electrode 80 so that the same microwire or conductive material is used to drive the micro LED 40 and form a touch screen. Referring to FIG. 10, the micro LED 40 is electrically connected to the adjacent first electrode 80 (which is also the conductor 70). As shown in FIG. 10, the rows of micro LEDs 40 can be configured in alternating orientations (as indicated by arrows), so that if every other electrode 80 is kept grounded and placed on the remaining electrodes 80, the positive direction The biased micro LED 40 will experience a voltage difference, current can flow through the micro LED 40 and the micro LED 40 emits light. If the micro LED is reverse biased, current will not flow. Alternatively, if the electrodes 80 are sequentially energized to detect touches, if the micro-LED 40 is reversely biased with respect to the energized electrodes 80, no current flows through the micro-LED 40 and can be sensed as if the micro-LED 40 is not present Touch. Alternatively, if the micro LED 40 is forward biased with respect to the energized electrode 80 (as will occur for every other electrode 80), current can flow through the micro LED 40 (depending on the drive signal) and can span three electrodes 80 ( The energized electrode 80 and the adjacent electrodes 80 on either side of the energized electrode 80, etc., are used by micro LEDs 40 is connected to the energized electrode 80) for sensing touch. The unpowered electrode 80 can be tri-state and connected to a high impedance to reduce the current flowing to the adjacent electrode 80. By comparing any touch with the touch detected using the adjacent electrode 80, the touch signal via one of the energized electrodes 80 can be isolated. Therefore, the structure of FIG. 10 can be used in a first mode and in a first time period to emit light from the micro LED 40 by providing a voltage bias on the alternating electrode 80 and can be used at a different time than the first time. A second period of time is used in a second mode to detect a touch by sequentially providing a driving signal on each electrode 80 of an array of electrodes 80 and sensing the capacitance on the second electrode 84. Referring to both FIGS. 11 and 12, in an embodiment of the present invention, an array of electrically separated first electrodes 80 extends in a first direction and an array of electrically separated second electrodes 84 is different from the first direction. One extends in a second direction (e.g., orthogonal). In the case where the first electrode 80 and the second electrode 84 intersect, a jumper 86 is provided to prevent an electrical short circuit between the first electrode 80 and the second electrode 84 (not shown in FIG. 11). Each micro LED 40 is connected to a first electrode 80 and a second electrode 84. In a first mode and during a first time period, the first electrode 80 and the second electrode 84 are forward biased so that current flows through the micro LED 40, emits light, and the micro LED 40 acts as a front light. In a second mode and during a second time period different from the first time period, the first electrode 80 is sequentially driven and the second electrode 84 is sensed to detect a touch. The drive signal is selected so that the micro LED 40 is reverse biased, and no current flows through the micro LED 40 and emits no light. Alternatively, the micro LED 40 is forward biased and the driving signal also causes the micro LED 40 to emit light. According to the present invention, the touch controller chip 44 is used to realize touch sensing in higher resolution or larger displays. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the controller 50 includes a control circuit 52. The control circuit 52 (for example) uses a light sensor to control the micro LED 40 in response to ambient lighting, so that when there is less ambient lighting or no lighting The micro LED 40 is controlled to emit light when there is ambient lighting. The light emitted from the micro LED 40 may be inversely proportional to the ambient lighting. Referring to FIG. 13, in another embodiment of the present invention, an array of touch controller chiplets 44 is distributed above the viewing area 22 of the display. Each touch controller chip 44 is electrically connected to one or more electrically separated first electrodes 80 and second electrodes 84 to detect one or more first electrodes on, for example, a display screen of the reflective display 10. The electrode 80 and the second electrode 84 are on or adjacent to the touch of the one or more first electrode 80 and the second electrode 84. The touch controller chip 44 is electrically connected to the controller 50 through conductors 70, and these conductors 70 can be electrically connected to the micro LED The conductor 70 of 40 is electrically separated. The conductor 70 may include a plurality of micro wires or electrical connections (such as a bus bar). Other electrode configurations were filed on July 9, 2015 and titled "Active-Matrix Touchscreen" and are shown in US Patent Application No. 14/795,831 and can be used to implement a reflective display 10 of the present invention. In one embodiment, a conductor 70 passes through a micro LED 40 or touch controller chip 44 to facilitate routing of the conductor 70 or electrode 80. The touch controller chip 44 may be a small chip, such as a small unpackaged integrated circuit (such as a bare die). The controller 50 can individually control the micro LED 40 and the touch controller chip 44. Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, various embodiments of the reflective display 10 of the present invention can be operated in different ways. As shown in FIG. 14, in step 100, a reflective display 10 is provided that includes an array of electrodes (e.g., the first electrode 80 and the second electrode 84) that are electrically separated from each other and from the conductor 70. The controller 50 controls the micro LED in step 110 40 emits light and also controls the array of the first electrode 80 and the second electrode 84 to detect a touch in step 120. The configuration shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 9 and FIG. 13 is used to implement this embodiment. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 15, in step 200 a reflective display 10 is provided, which includes an array of first electrodes 80 and second electrodes 84 electrically connected to the conductor 70. The controller 50 controls the micro LED 40 to emit light during a first time period in step 110 and then controls the array of the first electrode 80 and the second electrode 84 in a second different time period in step 120 to detect a touch. . The configuration shown in FIG. 10, FIG. 11, and FIG. 12 are used to implement this embodiment. The invention is constructed using integrated circuit and printed circuit board methods, materials, and procedures. The micro LED 40 and the touch controller chip 44 can be made using semiconductor materials, integrated circuit materials and processes, and micro transfer materials and printing processes. The conductor 70 and micro-wires that can be used for the first electrode 80 and the second electrode 84 can use a photolithography process using metal or metal oxide or a metal mesh technology including conductive ink, imprinting, printing, electroplating or inkjet deposition production. The controller 50 can be made in an integrated circuit and connected to the reflective pixels 26 or the micro LED 40 using ribbon cables, flex connectors and the like, or the controller 50 can be positioned on a display substrate or cover. The display substrate and cover are available. Micro LED 40 and the touch controller chip 44 can be placed on the layer 30 using a printing method, such as micro-transfer printing. In various embodiments of the present invention, the micro LED 40 is formed in a semiconductor substrate using an integrated circuit process. Each micro LED 40 may have an area less than 500, 250, 100, or 50 square microns or a light emitting area. The micro LEDs 40 may be separated by 50 micrometers or more, 100 micrometers or more, 500 micrometers or more, 1 mm or more, in each of one or two dimensions above the display viewing area 22, 2 mm or more or 5 mm or more. Since the micro LED 40 has a relatively small emitting area compared to the display viewing area 22, the fill factor of the reflective display 10 can be very low. For example, the area of the micro LED 40 above the display viewing area 22 is less than or equal to The display viewing area 22 is one-quarter, one-eighth, one-tenth, one-twentieth, one-fifth, one-hundredth, one-fifth, one-thousandth, One thousandth or one thousandth. The display may have a small aperture ratio, and in some embodiments include additional electronic components in the display viewing area 22, such as the one filed on June 29, 2015 and titled "Small-Aperture-Ratio Display with Electrical Component" Described in U.S. Patent Application No. 14/754,573. In some embodiments, the reflective display 10 includes 10,000 or more touch controller chiplets 44, 50,000 or more touch controller chiplets 44, 100,000 or more touch controllers Chiplets 44, 500,000 or more touch controller chips 44, or 1,000,000 or more touch controller chips 44. The touch controller chip 44 can be interspersed between the micro LEDs 40 in a row or between the rows of the micro LEDs 40, as shown in FIG. 13. In another embodiment (not shown), the touch controller chip 44 is electrically connected to the micro LED 40 (for example) to provide power, ground, or control signals. The micro LED 40 may have various different sizes or emission areas. For example, the micro LED 40 may have a width ranging from 2 µm to 5 µm, 5 µm to 10 µm, 10 µm to 20 µm, or 20 µm to 50 µm, from 2 µm to 5 µm, 5 µm to 10 µm, A length of 10 µm to 20 µm or 20 µm to 50 µm or a height of 2 µm to 5 µm, 4 µm to 10 µm, 10 µm to 20 µm, or 20 µm to 50 µm. In one embodiment, the touch controller chip 44 is connected to at least one adjacent touch controller chip 44 in either or both of a column direction or a row direction, for example. The touch controller chip 44 can be connected in a daisy chain, column and row, rectangular subset or collectively connected to a bus 62 (as shown). The touch controller chiplets 44 can communicate with each other or through each other and can communicate with the controller 50. In one embodiment, each touch controller chip 44 can independently and simultaneously detect a touch and transmit a touch signal to the controller 50 in response to the detected touch. Although transmitting a touch signal from a touch controller chip 44 to the controller 50 may include transmitting the touch signal to other touch controller chips 44 connected to the touch controller chip 44 or through other touch controls. The controller chip 44 conveys the signal, but this transmission does not imply that the touch controller chip 44 is not independent. The touch controller chip 44 operates independently because it can independently energize the first electrode 80 and receive sensor signals from the second electrode 84 (or vice versa). In various embodiments of the present invention, the touch controller chip 44 controls a capacitive touch sensor, an optical touch sensor, an acoustic touch sensor, and an inductive touch sensor , A piezoelectric sensor or a resistive touch sensor. In one embodiment, the touch controller chip 44 controls a capacitive touch sensor and includes one or more capacitors, each of which is connected to the touch controller chip 44. In one embodiment of the present invention, the touch controller chip 44 controls a self-capacitance touch sensor. In another embodiment, the touch controller chip 44 controls a mutual capacitance touch sensor with one of at least two electrical conductors, which are similar to the first electrode 80 and the second electrode 80 as shown in FIG. 13 The electrodes 84 are staggered, and both the first electrode 80 and the second electrode 84 are electrically connected to a common touch controller chip 44 or to a different touch controller chip 44, as shown. The elements of the present invention can be constructed in a variety of ways. In a first way, micro LED 40 and the touch controller chip 44 are formed in or on a source substrate (e.g., a semiconductor substrate) using photolithography and then placed on one or more substrates (e.g., layer 30 or display) using microtransfer printing One surface of the viewing area 22). The surface of the layer 30 or the display viewing area 22 can be glass, plastic or metal. The source wafer can be a crystalline semiconductor substrate with a circuit performance much higher than that of a thin film semiconductor layer formed on a glass, plastic or metal backplane substrate. Either the touch controller chip 44 and the micro LED 40 are formed in separate semiconductor substrates, which are then individually positioned and, for example, interconnected with metal traces deposited and patterned by photolithography On layer 30. The layer 30 may be composed of or include one or more of polymer, plastic, resin, polyimide, PEN, PET, metal, metal foil, glass, semiconductor, or sapphire. The layer 30 may have a transparency greater than or equal to one of 50%, 80%, 90%, or 95% of visible light. Layer 30 can have from 5 microns to 10 microns, 10 microns to 50 microns, 50 microns to 100 microns, 100 microns to 200 microns, 200 microns to 500 microns, 500 microns to 0.5 mm, 0.5 mm to 1 mm, 1 mm to One thickness of 5 mm, 5 mm to 10 mm, or 10 mm to 20 mm. The reflective display 10 may be formed using micro transfer printing technology. US Patent Application No. 14/743,788 filed on June 18, 2015 and titled "Micro Assembled LED Displays and Lighting Elements" describes additional details that help understand and implement aspects of the present invention. In an additional embodiment, a multi-step transfer or assembly process is used. By adopting this multi-step transfer or assembly process, an increased yield is achieved and therefore the cost of the active matrix touch screen 5 of the present invention is reduced. A discussion on the structure and method of composite micro-assembly is provided in US Patent Application No. 14/822,868, filed on August 10, 2015 and titled "Compound Micro-Assembly Strategies and Devices". In some embodiments, the touch controller chip 44 is only disposed on the layer 30. Therefore, in one embodiment, the touch controller chip 44 is in or on a common plane with one of the micro LEDs 40 and the touch screen does not require additional layers. In operation, external power and ground signals (not shown) are provided to the array of touch controller chiplets 44. Each touch controller chip 44 repeatedly and independently provides a driving signal to a corresponding first electrode 80 and responds accordingly to receive or detect a sensing signal indicating a touch or no touch from the second electrode 84 (or vice versa) Also). The sensed signal is analyzed and then compared with the stored sensed signal to detect a change that indicates a touch (for example, a change in an inductive sensing signal representing a capacitance or ambient light). If an actual meaning change is communicated to the controller 50. Those familiar with this technique should understand the terms "above...", "below", "above...", "below", "below" and "above... "Is a relative term and can be interchanged with reference to the different orientations of the layers, elements, and substrates included in the present invention. For example, in some embodiments, a first layer on a second layer means that a first layer is directly on and in contact with a second layer. In other embodiments, a first layer on a second layer may include another layer in between. Certain embodiments have been described, and those skilled in the art will now understand that other embodiments that incorporate the concepts of the present invention can be used. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to the described embodiments, but should be limited to the spirit and scope of the patent application for the appended invention. Throughout the description, when the device and system are described as having, containing, or including specific components, or when the program and method are described as having, including, or including specific steps, it can be expected that there are additional components that are essentially The devices and systems of the disclosed technology that constitute or consist of the described components, and there are programs and methods based on the disclosed technology that are essentially constituted by the described processing steps or are constituted by the described processing steps. It should be understood that the order of the steps or the order used to perform a particular action is irrelevant, as long as the disclosed technology remains operable. Furthermore, in some situations, two or more steps or actions can be performed at the same time. The present invention has been described in detail with specific reference to certain embodiments of the present invention, but it will be understood that changes and modifications can be implemented within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

<p>10Reflective display</p><p>20Display substrate</p><p>22Monitor viewing area</p><p>26Reflective pixels</p><p>28Reflector</p><p>30Floor</p><p>32Optical transparent adhesive</p><p>34First side</p><p>36Second side</p><p>38Protection layer</p><p>40Micro Light Emitting Diode (LED)</p><p>40RRed Micro Light Emitting Diode (LED)</p><p>40GGreen Micro Light Emitting Diode (LED)</p><p>40BBlue Micro Light Emitting Diode (LED)</p><p>42Contact pad</p><p>44Touch Controller Chip</p><p>50controller</p><p>52Control circuit</p><p>60Wire</p><p>62Bus</p><p>70Conductor</p><p>80Electrode/First electrode</p><p>82Dummy electrode</p><p>84Second electrode</p><p>86 Jumper</p><p>90Image</p><p>92 incident ambient light</p><p>94Ambient light absorbed</p><p>96Reflected ambient light</p><p>98Micro-luminescent diode (LED) light</p><p>99viewer</p><p>100Provide reflective display steps</p><p>110Control the micro-light emitting diode (LED) to emit light and control the electrode to detect a touch step</p><p>120Control electrode to detect a touch step</p><p>200Provide reflective display structure steps</p>

The foregoing and other objectives, aspects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become clearer and better understood by referring to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention Figures; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figures 3 to 7 are cross-sections of various embodiments of the present invention; Figures 8 and 9 are the present invention including a touch screen separated from the front photoelectric Fig. 10 to Fig. 12 are schematic diagrams of other embodiments of the present invention including a touch screen electrically connected to a front light; Fig. 13 is a schematic view of a local touch screen sensor that is separated from the front light A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; and FIGS. 14 and 15 are flowcharts showing different methods of operating the present invention. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the embodiments described below when combined with the drawings, in which the same component symbols are used throughout the text to identify corresponding components. In the drawings, the same element symbols generally indicate the same, functionally similar and/or structurally similar elements. The figures are not drawn to scale. This is because the size of the various components in the figure varies too much and it is not allowed to be drawn to scale.

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