Lathe

lathe

The present invention relates to a lathe.

A lathe combining multiple processing methods is called a compound processing lathe. For example, a compound processing lathe is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application (Publication No. H11-138374) and Japanese Patent Application (Publication No. 2003-117701).

Japanese Patent Application (Publication No. H11-138374) discloses a composite machining lathe with a fixed spindle. The composite machining lathe has a spindle, a tailstock, a reciprocating sliding table and a tool shaft for holding the workpiece. . The tailstock is arranged relative to the main shaft, and the reciprocating sliding table moves back and forth along the parallel direction of the main shaft or the center line of the tailstock. The tool axis system is fixed on the reciprocating sliding table and holds the tool, and the tool axis system can change the direction of the tool. In addition, the tool is used to process a workpiece held by the spindle or tailstock.

When the long-size workpiece is processed by the compound machining lathe set above, the spindle clamps one end of the workpiece, and the workpiece extends along the spindle. Therefore, the workpiece is easily bent by being pushed by the tool, and precision machining cannot be performed if the workpiece remains bent. Therefore, in order to process long-size workpieces, it is necessary to install the top center on the tailstock, where the top center is adjacent to the surface of the tail end of the workpiece and cooperates with the spindle to jointly support the workpiece.

However, when the top center is installed on the tailstock, the following problems will occur:

(1) Since the top center system is set on the rear end surface of the workpiece, the rear end surface (front end surface) of the workpiece cannot be processed.

(2) Since the top center is installed on the tailstock, the chuck holding the workpiece cannot be installed on the tailstock, so it is impossible to process the rear end surface (rear end surface) of the workpiece held by the tailstock chuck.

(3) In order to avoid interference between the tool and the tailstock (the two collide with each other), the part held by the tailstock in the workpiece cannot be processed.

As mentioned above, for a lathe with a fixed spindle, it is difficult to process long workpieces by combining multiple processing methods.

Furthermore, in the compound machining lathe disclosed in Japanese Patent Application (Publication No. H11-138374), the workable length of the workpiece is limited by the distance between the spindle and the tailstock. Therefore, if the length of the workpiece is greater than or equal to the distance between the spindle and the tailstock, the workpiece cannot be processed.

On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application (Publication No. 2003-117701) discloses a method for processing long-sized workpieces without a tailstock. The Japanese Patent Application (Publication No. 2003-117701) uses a bushing to prevent the workpiece from bending due to the proximity of the tool, and to process long workpieces by moving the spindle.

The lathe disclosed in Japanese Patent Application (Publication No. 2003-117701) includes a first head, a second head, a front tool holder, a bushing, a tool holder, a third head, and a tool that can rotate and hold a workpiece. And a rotary tool holder, wherein the front tool holder is arranged on a secondary head, the tool holder is equipped with a tool for processing a workpiece, the tool is installed on the third head and used for processing the rear end surface of the workpiece, and the rotary tool The frame system can move vertically in the axial direction of the workpiece.

The auxiliary vehicle head has the function of moving along the axial direction of the workpiece held by the first vehicle head and the function of moving along the axis perpendicular to the axial direction. The shaft sleeve system supports the rotating workpiece, and the second head system clamps the rear end surface (front end surface) of the workpiece. A drill bit used for processing the front end surface of the workpiece is installed on the tool holder, and the third car head is installed on one side of the shaft sleeve.

According to the lathe disclosed in Japanese Patent Application (Publication No. 2003-117701), when the workpiece is held by the first car head and supported by the sleeve, the front end surface of the workpiece is processed by a tool mounted on the front tool holder. After that, the auxiliary vehicle head moves so that the front end surface of the workpiece is held by the second vehicle head, and then the workpiece held by the second vehicle head is held by the third vehicle head. Then, the front end surface of the workpiece held by the third head is processed by the tool installed in the tool holder.

For another example, if the rear end (rear end surface) of a workpiece is to be machined on this lathe, the sub-head moves so that a drill installed on the third head can machine the rear end (rear end) of the workpiece held by the second head End surface).

The lathe system disclosed in Japanese Patent Application (Publication No. 2003-117701) can process the front and rear ends of long workpieces, but this lathe has the following disadvantages.

(1) In order to process angled holes on the workpiece, an additional device for processing angled holes must be installed on the tool holder.

(2) A tool for processing the front and rear end surfaces of the workpiece must be prepared separately.

(3) When placing a tool on the tool holder, it must be considered that the tool may interfere (or collide) with the adjacent tool.

(4) In addition to a tool installation location for machining the front end surface of the workpiece, the tool installation location for processing the rear end surface of the workpiece must also be considered to ensure the safety of the lathe, which will make the lathe It is difficult to reduce the size and reduce the processing efficiency.

(5) The number of tools that can be installed on the tool holder and the third head is limited. When the workpiece is processed by combining multiple processing methods without changing the tool, the types of workpieces will also be restricted.

(6) The lathe must be stopped when the tool is changed, resulting in reduced processing efficiency.

In view of the above-mentioned problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a lathe which can efficiently process various workpieces with different lengths from short to long.

In addition, the present invention also provides a lathe, which can process a workpiece into a complex shape, and can process both end surfaces of the workpiece.

Furthermore, the present invention further provides a lathe, which can process workpieces of different lengths to make them into complex shapes, and can process both end surfaces of the workpieces.

The reason is that, in order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the lathe according to the present invention includes: a spindle (30), which clamps and rotates a workpiece (W) and reciprocates back and forth in a Z direction, wherein the Z direction is parallel to the rotation axis of the workpiece ; A sub-spindle (50), which is set opposite to the main shaft (30), and holds the rotating workpiece (W), and reciprocates back and forth along the Z direction; a tool holding member (40, 100), which includes the installation at The tool holding member is used to process a tool of the workpiece, and the tool holding member reciprocates in the Z direction or an X direction, and rotates in an XZ plane to change the direction of the tool, where the X direction and the Z direction are not In the same direction, the XZ plane includes the Z direction and the X direction; and a sleeve which rotatably supports the workpiece projected by the main shaft (30), and the workpiece slides along the axial direction of the workpiece.

The tool holding member (40) includes a plurality of tools installed on the tool holding member for processing the workpiece, and the tool holding member selects one of the tools, and places the selected tool on one of the workpieces to be processed. Reservation location.

The tool holding member (40) is composed of a turret. The turret system includes a plurality of tools installed on the turret for processing workpieces, and the turret system places one of the tools on one of the workpieces to be processed. Reservation location.

The tool holding member (100) is composed of a tool spindle, and the tool for processing the workpiece is installed on the tool spindle.

The lathe may further include: a tool library (70) and a tool exchange mechanism (80), wherein the tool library (70) contains a plurality of tools, and the tool exchange mechanism (80) combines the tools on the tool holder with the tool library Tool exchange in (70).

The spindle (30) includes a hole (30H), and the workpiece is penetrated through the hole (30H). For example, the workpiece can be held by the spindle (30) and extend by being penetrated through the hole.

The sub-spindle (50) includes a hole (50H), and the workpiece is pierced through the hole (50H). For example, the workpiece can be held by the sub-spindle (50) and extends by piercing the hole.

For example, the tool holding member (40, 100) reciprocates along the Z direction (Z2 axis), the X direction (X1 axis) and a Y direction, and the Y direction is not the same as the Z direction and the X direction.

The lathe system may include a tool holder (60), wherein the tool holder includes at least one tool mounted on the tool holder, and the tool holder system and the tool holding member are operated independently, and the tool processing spindle is mounted on the tool holder (30) or the workpiece held by the sub-spindle (50). The tool holder (60) can move along the X direction, the Z direction and the Y direction.

The lathe system may include a controller (201), which controls the positions of the main spindle (30) and the sub-spindle (50), and controls the workpiece held and rotated by the main spindle (30) and the sub-spindle (50), and the controller controls the tool The position and direction of the holding member (40, 100).

The main shaft (30) and the sub-spindle (50) can hold the workpiece independently, and can also hold the same workpiece together.

In addition, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention also provides a lathe. The lathe includes: a first spindle device (30) that clamps the workpiece (W) and rotates the workpiece along a predetermined rotation axis, wherein the predetermined rotation axis is along a predetermined axis of rotation. Extending in the Z direction, the first spindle device (30) moves the workpiece along the parallel direction of the rotation axis; a shaft sleeve device (90) which supports the workpiece held by the first spindle device (30); and a second spindle device (50), It clamps the workpiece (W) coaxially with the first spindle device, rotates the workpiece along the rotation axis and moves the workpiece parallel along the rotation axis; and a tool holding device (40, 100), which is along a Z direction and an X direction It reciprocates back and forth and rotates in an XZ plane to change the direction of a tool of the workpiece. The X direction is different from the Z direction, and the XZ plane includes the Z direction and the X direction.

The first spindle device (30) and the second spindle device (50) can hold the workpiece independently, and can also hold the same workpiece together.

For example, the tool holding device includes a device equipped with a plurality of tools, wherein the tool is used for processing a workpiece, and the tool holding device places one of the tools at a predetermined position of the workpiece to be processed.

The lathe further includes a device that holds a tool and processes at least one workpiece, and the workpiece is held by the first spindle device (30) and/or the second spindle device (50).

<u style="single">First preferred embodiment</u>

The lathe according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to related drawings.

This lathe is a processing machine that can perform compound processing on a workpiece W. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the lathe system includes a machine tool 10, a spindle 30 holding a workpiece W, a turret 40 and a sub-spindle 50 holding a workpiece W. In addition, the lathe further includes a controller 201, wherein the controller 201 controls the entire lathe.

For example, the main shaft 30 includes a chuck that holds the workpiece W so that the center line of the workpiece W faces a Z1 axis, where the Z1 axis is a horizontal direction. The main shaft 30 is rotatably supported by a car head 30A. The car head 30A is erected on a beam 11 and a beam 12. A Z1 axis motor 13 drives the car head 30A to move along the Z1 axis. The beams 11 and 12 are along Z1. The axis is set on the machine tool 10 in parallel direction. The head 30A includes an internally-enclosed workpiece rotating motor 31. The workpiece rotating motor 31 is a workpiece held by the rotating spindle 30. The spindle 30 includes a hole 30H penetrated by the workpiece W. Therefore, the workpiece The system can be held by the main shaft 30 and extended by penetrating through holes 30H.

The turret 40 rotates along a rotation axis 40K. The turret 40 has a plurality of cutters 41. The cutters 41 are installed on the turret 40 along the circumference of the turret 40. The turret 40 rotates and moves on the turret 40. A selected tool 41 reaches a machining position of the workpiece W to be machined. In this embodiment, when the center line of the selected tool 41 is horizontal, it is a predetermined position. The position of the turret 40 is transformed by a turret position setting mechanism described below. The turret 40 is It includes an inner-cone motor that rotates each cutter 41 (this inner-cone motor is not shown in the figure).

Please refer to Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, the turret position setting mechanism will be described below.

The turret position setting mechanism includes a base 40A. The base 40A is erected on a beam 15 and a beam 16. The beam 15 and the beam 16 are erected on the machine tool 10 along a Z2 axis, where the Z2 axis is parallel to Z1 In the axial direction, by driving a Z2-axis motor 17, the base 40A moves along the Z2-axis.

A ball screw 40B cooperates with the base 40A so that the ball screw 40B extends along an X1 axis, where the X1 axis is perpendicular to the Z2 axis, and an X1 axis motor 18 rotates the ball screw 40B and is arranged at one end of the ball screw 40B .

A column 40C is installed on the base 40A, and a carriage 40J fixed to the ball screw 40B is installed on the bottom of the column 40C. When the X1 axis motor 18 rotates, the column 40C moves along the X1 axis.

A ball screw 40D is matched with the column 40C so that the ball screw 40D extends along a Y1 axis, where the Y1 axis is perpendicular to the Z2 axis and the X1 axis, and a Y1 axis motor 40E is installed at one end of the ball screw 40D.

A trailer 40F is fixed to the ball screw 40D. The trailer 40F can move along the Y1 axis. A supporting unit 40G supports the rotating shaft of the turret 40 and is installed on the trailer 40F and is rotatable.

The supporting unit 40G includes a direction changing motor 40H and a tool selection motor 40I.

The direction changing motor 40H changes the direction of the turret 40 by rotating the support unit 40G in a plane formed by the Z2 axis and the X1 axis. The tool selection motor 40I rotates the turret 40 along the rotation axis 40K to make a The central axis of the selected tool 41 is horizontal.

When the Y1-axis motor 40E rotates, the carriage 40F and the supporting unit 40G move along the Y1 axis. Therefore, the height of the centerline of the tool 41 selected to be horizontal is converted from the height of the centerline of the workpiece W.

The above is a turret position setting mechanism.

For example, when the sub-spindle 50 is arranged opposite to the main shaft 30, the sub-spindle 50 has a chuck and this chuck holds the workpiece W, the sub-spindle 50 is supported by a sub-head 50A, and the sub-head 50A is mounted on A beam 20 and a beam 21. The beam 20 and the beam 21 are installed on the machine tool 10 so that the beam 20 and the beam 21 extend along a Z3 axis, wherein the Z3 axis is parallel to the Z1 axis, by driving a Z3 axis The motor 22, the sub-head 50A moves along the beam 20 and the beam 21 along the Z3 axis. The sub-head 50A has an internally-enclosed workpiece rotation motor 51, and the workpiece rotation motor 51 rotates the workpiece W held by the sub-spindle 50, and the sub-spindle The series 50 includes a hole 50H through which the workpiece W passes. Therefore, the workpiece can be held by the sub-spindle 50 and extended by passing through the hole 50H.

The main spindle 30 and the sub-spindle 50 include a hole through which the workpiece W passes.

The lathe further includes a tool holder 60, a tool magazine 70, a tool exchange mechanism 80 and a sleeve 90.

The tool holder 60 is installed on the beam 20 and the beam 21. By driving a Z4 axis motor 24, the tool holder 60 moves along a Z4 axis, where the Z4 axis is parallel to the Z2 axis, and an X2 axis motor 25 is installed On one side of the tool holder 60, the X2 axis motor 25 moves the tool holder 60 along an X2 axis, where the X2 axis is parallel to the X1 axis.

The tool holder 60 holds a plurality of tools 61 for processing the workpiece W, and has a turret 62 in FIG. 3. The cutter 61 is installed on the turret 62, and the machining cutter is selected by the rotation angle of the cutter 61 corresponding to the turret 62. A Y2-axis motor 63 is installed at the top of the tool holder 60. The Y2-axis motor 63 changes the position of the tool holder 60 along a Y2 axis (that is, adjusts the height of the tool holder 60), where the Y2 axis is parallel to Y1 axis.

The shaft sleeve 90 is arranged on the main shaft 30 and is located on one side of the sub-spindle 50, and the shaft sleeve 90 slidably supports a part of the rotating workpiece, wherein the workpiece W protrudes from the main shaft 30.

In this embodiment, the tool holder 60 includes a turret 62, however, the present invention is not limited to this. As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of cutters 66 may be arranged on the supporting member 65, and FIG. 4 shows another modified example of the cutter holder.

The tool magazine 70 includes a plurality of tools 41 that can be installed on the turret 40. The tool exchange mechanism 80 exchanges a tool 41 on the turret 40 with a tool 41 in the tool magazine 70.

The lathe system as described above has the main shaft 30, the sub-spindle 50 and the sleeve 90. Therefore, even when machining a long-sized workpiece W, the lathe can prevent the workpiece W from bending and perform high-precision processing on the workpiece W. Furthermore, this lathe can also process the end surface of the workpiece.

In addition, the lathe can interrupt the operation of a machining tool which is used to process the workpiece W held by the spindle 30, so that the lathe can process the two end surfaces of the workpiece W. For example, when the workpiece W is held by the main spindle 30, the turret 40 processes one end surface of the workpiece W, and then when the workpiece W is held by the sub-spindle 50, the turret 40 processes the other end surface of the workpiece. Therefore, the lathe system can process workpieces of different lengths into complex shapes, in which the workpieces can be long to short, and can process the two end surfaces of the workpieces.

Next, the control contour and the operation of the lathe executed by the controller 201 will be described in the following processing example.

As shown in FIG. 5, the first machining example illustrates how to clamp a workpiece W1 on the main shaft 30 and a workpiece W2 on the sub-spindle 50 for outer diameter machining.

In an example, to process the workpiece W1 and the workpiece W2 respectively held by the main spindle 30 and the sub-spindle 50, the controller 201 selects the tool 41 for machining the outer diameter from the turret 40 (step S101), and rotates the tool selection The motor 401 enables the center line of the selected tool 41 to face the workpiece W1 and the workpiece W2 horizontally (step S102). Then, the controller 201 drives the direction changing motor 40H to rotate the support unit 40G, and the controller 201 adjusts it on the horizontal plane. The direction of the turret 40 is such that the selected tool 41 is perpendicular to the center line of the workpiece W1 (step S103).

Next, by driving the Z1-axis motor 13 or the Z2-axis motor 17, the controller 201 positions the part to be processed of the workpiece W1 in front of the tool 41 (step S104). Then, when the workpiece rotation motor 31 is driven to rotate the workpiece W1, the controller 201 drives the Z1-axis motor 13 and the X1-axis motor 18 (step S105), that is, the controller 201 controls the Z1-axis motor 13 and the X1-axis motor 18 Make the tool 41 near the workpiece W1 and process the outer surface of the workpiece W1 held by the spindle 30. After processing the workpiece W1 held by the spindle 30, the controller 201 drives the X1 axis motor 18 to retract the turret 40 (step S106).

Then, the controller 201 changes the driving direction of the motor 40H to rotate the support unit 40G by 180 degrees, and the controller 201 also drives the tool selection motor 401 to rotate the selected tool 41 by 180 degrees (step S107). Then, by driving the Z3-axis motor 22 and the Z2-axis motor 17, the controller 201 positions the part to be processed in the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 in front of the selected tool 41 (step S108). When the workpiece W2 is rotated by the workpiece rotation motor 51, the controller 201 drives the Z3 axis motor 22 and the X1 axis motor 18 (step S109).

Therefore, the selected tool 41 is close to the workpiece W2, so the outer diameter of the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 can be processed. Different types of machining methods depend on the form of the selected tool 41, and the drive mode of the Z1 axis motor 13, Z2 axis motor 17, Z3 axis motor 22, and X1 axis motor 18. It can be a linear shape, a shape that tapers toward the end, or a circular arc shape.

As shown in FIG. 6, the second processing example illustrates how to perform drilling on the rear end surfaces of a workpiece W1 held by the main spindle 30 and a workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50.

In this example, the controller 201 selects a drill bit from a plurality of tools 41 installed on the turret 40, where the drill bit has a predetermined diameter (step S201), and the controller 201 rotates the tool selection motor 401 to be selected The tool 41 is horizontal (step S202), and the controller 201 drives the direction changing motor 40H and rotates the support unit 40G so that the selected tool 41 is parallel to the center line of the workpiece W1 by adjusting the direction of the turret 40 on the horizontal plane (step S202). S203). Then, the controller 201 drives the X1 axis motor 18 to move the turret 40 along the X1 axis, and makes the tip of the selected tool 41 face the end surface of the workpiece W1 held by the spindle 30 (step S204), and then When the workpiece W1 is rotated by driving the workpiece rotation motor 31, the controller drives the Z1-axis motor 13 to move the tip of the selected tool 41 toward the spindle 30 (step S205), so the selected tool 41 is the workpiece held by the cutting spindle 30 The tail end surface of W1 (that is, the workpiece W1 is drilled) (step S206). After the workpiece W1 held by the spindle 30 is processed, the controller 201 drives the X1 axis motor 18 to exit the turret 40 (step S207) . Then the controller 201 drives the tool selection motor 40I to rotate the turret 40 by 180 degrees, and turns the tip of the selected tool 41 toward the rear end surface of the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 (step S208), the controller 201 The X1-axis motor 18 is then driven so that the selected tool 41 faces the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 (step S209). When the workpiece W2 is rotated by driving the workpiece rotation motor 51, the controller 201 drives the Z3-axis motor 22 to move the tip of the selected tool 41 toward the sub-spindle 50 (step S210), so that the selected tool 41 cuts the sub-spindle 50 The end surface of the clamped workpiece W2 (that is, a hole is drilled in the workpiece W2) (step S211).

The above description explains how to perform drilling on the rear end surfaces of the workpiece W1 clamped by the main spindle 30 and the workpiece W2 clamped by the sub-spindle 50. In addition, it is also feasible to drill only the two end surfaces of a single workpiece W.

In this example, the controller 201 controls the workpiece W to be held by the spindle 30 only (step S301), and then the controller 201 performs drilling on the front and rear end surface of the workpiece W (step S302). After the hole is drilled, The controller 201 drives the X1 axis motor 18 to exit the turret 40 and the selected tool 41 (step S303), and then by driving the Z3 axis motor 22, the controller 201 moves the sub-spindle 50 toward the main spindle 30 and controls the sub-spindle 50 To pinch the end surface of the workpiece W (step S304). Thereafter, the controller 201 controls the spindle 30 to release the workpiece W (step S305), and drives the Z3 axis motor 22 to move to a predetermined position (step S306), and drives the X1 axis motor 18 to connect the turret 40 with the selected tool 41 moves back (step S307). Afterwards, by executing the same procedure as described above, the controller 201 can drill a hole on the rear end surface of the workpiece held by the sub-spindle 50 (step S308).

As shown in FIG. 7, the third machining example illustrates how to drill a hole with an oblique angle (a hole that is inclined with respect to the coordinate axis of the workpiece W is to be drilled in the workpiece W).

In this example, the controller 201 selects a drill as a machining tool from a plurality of tools 41 installed on the turret 40 (step S401).

The controller 201 drives the tool selection motor 401 so that the center line of the selected tool 41 is horizontal (step S402), the controller 201 drives the direction changing motor 40H to rotate the support unit 40G, and adjusts the direction of the turret 40 to make the selected tool The direction of 41 is at a specified angle on the coordinate axis of the workpiece W (step S403).

Next, the controller 201 drives the Z1-axis motor 13 or the Z2-axis motor 17 to bring the workpiece W to a predetermined position (step S404). After that, when the selected tool 41 rotates, the controller 201 drives the Z1-axis motor 13 and The X1-axis motor 18 moves the workpiece W relative to the selected tool 41 so that the selected tool 41 enters the workpiece W at a specified angle on the coordinate axis of the workpiece W (step S405). Therefore, the workpiece W held by the spindle 30 can be drilled with an oblique angle.

In another example, if an oblique hole is to be drilled in the workpiece W held by the sub-spindle 50, the controller 201 drives the direction change motor 40H to adjust the direction of the turret 40 before drilling, so that the tool 41 The center line of is at a specified angle on the coordinate axis of the workpiece W held by the sub-spindle 50 (step S406). Then the controller 201 drives the Z3 axis motor 22 or the Z2 axis motor 17 to bring the workpiece W to a predetermined position (step S407). After that, when the selected tool 41 rotates, the controller 201 drives the Z3 axis motor 22 and X1 synchronously. The axis motor 18 moves the workpiece W and the selected tool 41 respectively, so that the selected tool 41 enters the workpiece W at a specified angle on the coordinate axis of the workpiece W (step S408). Therefore, in the workpiece W held by the sub-spindle 50 The line can be drilled obliquely angled holes.

As shown in Figure 8, the fourth machining example is to explain how to perform inner diameter machining.

In one example, if the workpiece W1 held by the main spindle 30 and the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 are to be used for inner diameter processing, the controller 201 selects the inner diameter processing from a plurality of tools 41 installed on the turret 40 The tool 41 is a machining tool 41, and executes the same program as drilling on the tail end surface.

That is to say, the controller 201 drives the direction changing motor 40H to rotate the support unit 40G so that the tool 41 for machining the inner diameter is parallel to the center line of the workpiece W1, and the controller 201 also adjusts the direction of the turret 40 (step S501) , Then the controller 201 drives the X1 axis motor 18 so that the tip of the selected tool 41 faces the end surface of the workpiece W1 held by the spindle 30 (step S502), and then when the workpiece W1 is rotated by driving the workpiece rotation motor 31, it controls The device 201 drives the Z1-axis motor 13 to move the tip of the selected tool 41 relatively toward the spindle 30 (step S503). Therefore, the selected tool 41 is the trailing end surface of the workpiece W1 held by the cutting spindle 30 (that is, at The inner diameter is processed in the workpiece W1), so by driving the Z1 axis motor 13 and the X1 axis motor 18, the selected tool 41 moves along the Z1 axis and the X1 axis, and is processed in the workpiece W1 held by the spindle 30 Specify the inner diameter of the hole.

After finishing processing the workpiece W1 held by the spindle 30, the controller 201 drives the X1-axis motor 18 to exit the turret 40 (step S504), and the controller 201 drives the tool selection motor 401 to rotate the selected tool 41 by 180 degrees, and let The selected tool 41 faces the sub-spindle 50 and clamps the surface of the workpiece W2 (step S505), and then the controller 201 drives the workpiece rotation motor 51 to rotate the workpiece W2, and drives the Z3 axis motor 22 to move the tip of the selected tool 41 Toward the sub-spindle 50 (step S506), and then by driving the Z3 axis motor 22 and the X1 axis motor 18, the controller 201 moves the selected tool 41 along the Z3 axis and the X1 axis (that is, the cutting sub-spindle 50 holds The rear end surface of the workpiece W2) (step S507). Therefore, the rear end surface of the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 can be machined with a hole with a specified inner diameter.

As shown in Fig. 9, the fifth machining example illustrates how to cut the workpiece W linearly.

In one example, if the workpiece W is to be processed into a D shape by cutting part of the workpiece W, a milling cutter can be installed on the turret 40 as the processing tool 41, and the controller 201 drives the tool selection motor 401 and rotates it. The tower 40 makes the center line of the selected tool 41 level. After that, when the selected tool 41 is rotated, the controller 201 drives the Y1 axis motor 40E to move the selected tool 41 along the Y1 axis (upward movement and downward movement) ), therefore, the cross-section of the workpiece W is D-shaped after being cut.

As shown in Figure 10, the sixth processing example shows how to drill an eccentric hole.

In one example, to drill an eccentric hole in a non-concentric part of the workpiece W, a drill can be installed on the turret 40. The controller 201 selects the drill as the processing tool 41 and drives the tool selection motor 401 to Rotate the turret 40 so that the center line of the selected tool 41 is horizontal, and then the controller 201 drives the Z2-axis motor 17 to move the turret 40 to a predetermined position, and then the controller 201 drives the Y1-axis motor 40E to be selected The center line of the tool 41 moves away from the height of the center line of the workpiece W, and then when the selected tool 41 rotates, the controller 201 drives the X1 axis motor 18 to move the selected tool 41 forward (as shown in FIG. 10) Therefore, the eccentric hole can be machined in the workpiece W system.

As shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the seventh processing example illustrates how to cut part of the workpiece W obliquely, wherein FIG. 11A is a front view, and FIG. 11B is a side view.

In one example, if the workpiece W is to be cut obliquely, a milling cutter can be installed on the turret 40 as the processing tool 41. The controller 201 selects the milling cutter as the processing tool 41 (step S601), and drives the tool selection motor 401 Rotate the turret 40 to make the center line of the selected tool 41 level (step S602), and then by driving the direction change motor 40H, the controller 201 adjusts the direction of the turret 40 so that the center line of the selected tool 41 is in line with the spindle The workpiece W held by 30 is at a specified angle (step S603). The controller 201 drives the Y1-axis motor 40E to move the selected tool 41 along the Y1 axis (step S604). Therefore, the milling cutter 41 obliquely contacts part of the workpiece W. (That is, part of the workpiece W is cut obliquely).

As shown in FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B, the eighth processing example shows how to perform gear hobbing on the workpiece W, wherein FIG. 12A is a front view, and FIG. 12B is a side view.

In one example, if gear hobbing is to be used to machine teeth on the workpiece W, a gear hobbing cutter system is installed on the turret 40 as the processing tool 41, and the controller 201 selects the gear hobbing cutter as the processing tool 41 (step S701), and drive the tool selection motor 401 to make the center line of the hobbing cutter level (step S702), then the controller 201 moves the turret 40 to a predetermined position (step S703), and drives the direction changing motor 40H to adjust The direction of the turret 40 is such that the center line of the selected tool 41 and the center line of the workpiece W are at a predetermined angle (step S704). Then, when the hobbing tool 41 and the workpiece W are synchronized by a predetermined speed ratio When being controlled to rotate, the controller 201 uses the Z1-axis motor 13 to push the workpiece W forward (step S705). Therefore, when the selected tool 41 cuts the workpiece W, the workpiece W moves and teeth can be machined on the workpiece W. tooth.

As shown in FIG. 13, the ninth machining example illustrates how to perform outer diameter machining on the workpiece W with a tool 41 and a tool 61.

In one example, if the outer diameter of the workpiece W is to be machined with the tool 41 installed on the turret 40 and the tool 61 installed on the tool holder 60, an outer diameter machining tool is installed on the turret 40, and the controller 201 The outer diameter machining tool is selected as the machining tool 41 (step S801), and the tool selection motor 401 is driven to make the selected tool 41 level (step S802).

The controller 201 controls the main shaft 30, the sub-spindle 50, and the turret 40, and processes the workpiece W in the same manner as when the outer diameter of the workpiece W is processed by the tool 41 only.

On the other hand, an outer diameter machining tool (tool 61) is pre-installed on the tool holder 60. Like the tool holder 60, the controller 201 rotates the turret 62 so that the selected tool 61 faces the peripheral surface of the workpiece W (step S803) , And drive the X2-axis motor 25 (step S804) to allow the tool 61 to cut the periphery of the workpiece W. Therefore, the outer diameter of the workpiece W is processed by the tool 41 and the tool 61. When the tool 41 and the tool 61 are opposed to each other with the workpiece W At this time, the tool 41 and the tool 61 cut the workpiece W. Therefore, it is possible to avoid shaking the workpiece W and perform high-precision machining on the workpiece W. Furthermore, since the outer diameter of the workpiece W can be processed by the tool 41 and the tool 61 at the same time, The processing time can be shortened.

As shown in FIG. 14, the tenth machining example illustrates how to perform drilling machining on the workpiece W with the tool 41 and the tool 61.

In one example, to drill a hole on the workpiece W, the drill bits are installed on the turret 40 and the tool holder 60 respectively, and the controller 201 selects the drill bit from the tool holder (step S901), and rotates the turret 62 to be selected The tool 61 faces the workpiece W horizontally (step S902). Next, the controller 201 selects the drill on the turret 40 as the machining tool 41 (step S903), and drives the tool selection motor 401 so that the selected tool 41 faces the workpiece W horizontally (Step S904).

Then the controller 201 drives the Z2-axis motor 17 and the Z4-axis motor 24 to move the selected tool 41 and the selected tool 61 to a predetermined position (step S905). After that, when the tool 41 and the tool 61 rotate, the controller 201 drives The X1 axis motor 18 and the X2 axis motor 25 push the tool 41 and the tool 61 toward the workpiece W. By pushing the tool forward, the tool 41 and the tool 61 are adjacent to the workpiece W and cut the workpiece W. Therefore, the workpiece W can be drilled Symmetrical holes.

When the tool 41 and the tool 61 are placed opposite to each other with the workpiece W, the tool 41 and the tool 61 cut the workpiece W. Therefore, it is possible to avoid shaking the workpiece W and to perform high-precision machining on the workpiece W. In comparison with the case of the tool 41 processing, since the workpiece W can be processed by the tool 41 and the tool 61 at the same time, the total processing time can be shortened.

As shown in Fig. 15, the eleventh processing example shows how to process a workpiece W1 and a workpiece W2 at the same time.

In one example, to simultaneously drill an eccentric hole on the workpiece W1 held by the main spindle 30 and process the outer diameter of the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50, an outer diameter processing tool and a drill are installed on the turret respectively. 40 and tool holder 60.

The controller 201 selects the outer diameter machining tool from a plurality of tools 41 installed on the turret 40 as the machining tool 41 (step S1001), and controls the center line of the selected tool 41 and the height of the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 It is horizontal and controls the selected tool 41 to face the workpiece W2. The controller 201 selects the drill bit from the tool holder 60 as the processing tool 61, and adjusts the selected tool 61 by rotating the turret 62 and driving the X2-axis motor 25, so that The tip of the selected tool 61 faces the part to be processed of the workpiece W1 held by the spindle 30 (step S1002), and then the controller 201 drives the X1 axis motor 18 to push the selected tool 41 to a predetermined position (step S1003). Furthermore, when the tool 61 is rotated, the controller 201 controls the selected tool 61 and drives the Z1 axis motor to push the selected tool 61 toward the workpiece W1 held by the spindle 30. Therefore, the workpiece W1 held by the spindle 30 An eccentric hole can be drilled at the tail (the eccentric hole is tied to the workpiece W1, but is not a hole concentric with the workpiece W1).

According to the same similar operation method, the controller 201 drives the workpiece rotation motor 51 to rotate the workpiece W2 and drives the Z3 axis motor 22 to advance the workpiece W2 (step S1004), so that the peripheral surface of the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 can be cut .

As shown in Fig. 16, the twelfth processing example illustrates how to process a workpiece W1 and a workpiece W2 at the same time.

For example, the designated processing tool 41 may be a contour processing tool installed on the turret 40, and the designated processing tool 61 may be a contour processing tool installed on the tool holder 60.

As shown by the solid line in the figure, the tool 41 installed on the turret 40 can process the workpiece W1 held by the main spindle 30, and the tool 61 installed on the tool holder 60 can simultaneously process the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50. Furthermore, as shown by the solid line and the center line in the figure, the tool 41 installed on the turret 40 and the tool 61 installed on the tool holder 60 can process the workpiece W1 held by the spindle 30 before or before the workpiece W1 is processed. After that, the tool 41 installed on the turret 40 and the tool 61 installed on the tool holder 60 can also process the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50.

As shown in Fig. 17, the 13th processing example explains how to process a "head application unit" on the workpiece W.

In one example, if a "plate head application unit" is to be processed on the workpiece W, the milling cutters are installed on the turret 40 and the turret 62 of the tool holder 60, and the controller 201 selects these milling cutters as the processing tools 41. And the machining tool 61 (step S1101), and make the center line of the machining tool 41 and the machining tool 61 level (step S1102).

The controller 201 moves the machining tool 41 and the machining tool 61 to a predetermined position (step S1103). After that, the controller 201 drives the Y1 axis motor 40E and the Y2 axis motor 63 to move the machining tool 41 and the machining tool along the Y1 axis and the Y2 axis, respectively. The tool 61 (step S1104), therefore, can cut both ends of the workpiece W (that is, the "plate head application unit" is processed on the workpiece W), when the controller 201 moves the processing tool 41 along the Z axis (perpendicular to the drawing direction) When working with the machining tool 61, the controller 201 can also repeatedly move the machining tool 41 and the machining tool 61 along the Y1 axis and the Y2 axis, respectively.

As shown in Fig. 18, the 14th machining example shows how to machine two eccentric holes at different positions on the workpiece W.

In one example, if two eccentric holes in different positions are to be machined on the workpiece W, the drill is installed on the turret 40 and the turret 62 of the tool holder 60, and the controller 201 selects the drill as the machining tool 41 and the machining tool. The tool 61 (step S1201), and the center line of the machining tool 41 and the machining tool 61 are horizontal (step S1202). The controller 201 drives the Z2 axis motor 17 and the Z4 axis motor 24 to move the machining tool 41 and the machining tool 61 to the predetermined positions along the Z2 axis and the Z4 axis, respectively (step S1203), and then, the controller 201 drives the Y1 axis The motor 40E and the Y2-axis motor 63 adjust the machining tool 41 and the machining tool 61 to predetermined positions along the Y1 axis and the Y2 axis (step S1204). Then, the controller 201 drives the X1-axis motor 18 and the X2-axis motor 25 to The processing tool 41 and the processing tool 61 are pushed forward (step S1205). Therefore, two eccentric holes can be processed on the workpiece W at the same time.

The lathe according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention has the following effects:

(1) The lathe system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes the main shaft 30, the turret 40, the sub-spindle 50, and the sleeve 90. Therefore, when the lathe is to process a long workpiece W, the workpiece W can be prevented from bending, and the workpiece W can be applied Processed with high precision. Furthermore, this lathe can also process the end surface of the workpiece. In addition, the lathe can turn the workpiece W to be held by the sub-spindle 50 after the workpiece W held by the cutting spindle 30 is completed, so that the lathe can process both ends of the workpiece W. Therefore, the lathe system can process workpieces of different lengths into complex shapes, in which the workpieces can be as long as they are short, and the two end surfaces of the workpieces can be processed.

(2) There is no need to stop the lathe when processing the workpiece W1 held by the main spindle 30 and the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 at the same time.

(3) Since the workpiece W1 held by the main spindle 30 and the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 can be processed by the common tool 41, it is not necessary to prepare many identical tools.

(4) Since this lathe includes a tool magazine 70, more tools can be prepared.

(5) Since this lathe includes a tool exchange mechanism 80, it is not necessary to stop the lathe to exchange tools 41.

(6) The turret 40 can move along the Y1 axis, so the position of the tool 41 can move along three axes, so non-concentric holes or angled holes can be drilled in the workpiece W, or gear hobbing can be performed. Wait.

(7) Since the lathe has a tool holder 60, depending on the application, when other processing is in progress (for example, the tool 41 is in the turret 40), the tools to be used later are prepared in the tool holder 60.

(8) Since the tool 41 and the tool 61 can be processed at the same time, the processing time can be shortened.

(9) Since the tool 41 and the tool 61 can be processed at the same time, one tool can be used for rough machining and the other tool can be used for fine machining.

(10) Since the tool 41 and the tool 61 can be processed at the same time, different parts of the workpiece W can be processed at the same time.

(11) Since a plurality of tools 41 are installed on the turret 40, there is no need to stop the lathe every time the tools 41 are exchanged, so the machining efficiency can be improved.

(12) Since the sub-spindle 50 has a hole through which the workpiece W passes, the long-sized workpiece W can be installed on the sub-spindle 50, so the size of the lathe does not need to be increased.

<u style="single">The second preferred embodiment</u>

Fig. 19 is a front view of the lathe according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 20 is a plan view of the lathe according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 21 shows an example of a tool spindle and a tool holder in Fig. 19 For structural settings, in FIGS. 19 to 21 and FIGS. 22 to 26 described below, the same figure numbers as in the first preferred embodiment refer to the same elements.

This lathe is a processing machine that can perform compound processing on a workpiece W, as shown in Figures 19 and 20. The lathe includes a machine tool 10, a spindle 30 holding the workpiece W, a tool spindle 100, and a sub-spindle holding the workpiece W. 50 and a controller 201, which controls the entire lathe.

A car head 30A supporting the main shaft 30 is installed on a beam 11 and a beam 12, wherein the beam 11 and the beam 12 are installed on the machine tool 10 along a direction parallel to the Z1 axis, and the beam 11 and the beam 12 are installed on the machine tool 10 along Z1. The axles extend in the parallel direction. The car head 30A is driven by a Z1 axis motor 13 and then moves along the Z1 axis on the beam 11 and the beam 12. The workpiece W held by the spindle 30. The tool spindle 100 rotatably holds an exchangeable tool 101, and the tool spindle 100 is supported by a tool head 100A.

The tool head 100A is mounted on a beam 15 and a beam 16, and the beam 15 and beam 16 are mounted on the machine tool 10 and extend along a Z2 axis, where the Z2 axis is parallel to the Z1 axis, and the tool head 100A is based on Z2 The shaft motor 17 is driven to move on the beam 15 and the beam 16 along the Z2 axis.

An X1 axis motor 18 moves the tool head 100A along an X1 axis and is arranged at one end of the tool head 100A, wherein the X1 axis is perpendicular to the X2 axis, and a direction change motor 40H and a Y1 axis motor 102 are installed in At the top of the tool head 100A, the direction change motor 40H changes the direction of a tool 101 by rotating the rotary tool head 100A, and the Y1-axis motor 102 changes the position of the tool head 100A along a Y1 axis (height direction), where the Y1 axis The direction system is perpendicular to the Z2 axis and the X1 axis.

The sub-spindle 50 and the main shaft 30 are arranged opposite to each other. The sub-spindle 50 is supported by the sub-head 50A, and the sub-head 50A is erected on a beam 20 and a beam 21. The beam 20 and the beam 21 are erected on the machine tool 10 along a Z3 axis parallel to the Z1 axis. The beam 20 and the beam 21 are erected on the machine tool 10 and extend along the Z3 axis. The Z3 axis is parallel to the Z1 axis. The auxiliary head 50A is driven by a Z3 axis motor 22 to move along the Z3 axis. The auxiliary head 50A There is an internally recessed workpiece rotating motor 51, and the workpiece rotating motor 51 rotates the workpiece W held by the sub-spindle 50.

The main spindle 30 and the sub-spindle 50 include a hole through which the workpiece W passes. The lathe further includes a tool holder 60, a tool magazine 70, a tool exchange mechanism 80 and a sleeve 90.

The tool holder 60 is mounted on the beam 20 and the beam 21. The tool holder 60 is moved along a Z4 axis by driving a Z4 axis motor 24, wherein the Z4 axis is parallel to the Z2 axis, and an X2 axis motor 25 is along a Z4 axis. The X2 axis moves the tool holder 60, wherein the X2 axis is parallel to the X1 axis.

The tool holder 60 holds a plurality of tools 61 for processing the workpiece W. The tool holder 60 has a turret 62 in FIG. 21. The tool 61 is installed on the turret 62. The tool 61 corresponds to the turret 62 The rotation angle is used to select the machining tool. A Y2-axis motor 63 is installed on the top of the tool holder 60. The Y2-axis motor 63 changes the position of the tool holder 60 along a Y2 axis (that is, adjusts the height of the tool holder 60). The Y2 axis is parallel to the Y1 axis.

The shaft sleeve 90 is disposed on the main shaft 30 and on one side of the sub-spindle 50. The shaft sleeve 90 slidably supports a part of the rotating workpiece W, wherein the workpiece W protrudes from the main shaft 30.

In this embodiment, the tool holder 60 includes a turret 62, however, the present invention is not limited to this. As shown in FIG. 22, a plurality of tools 66 may be arranged on the supporting member 65, and FIG. 22 shows another modified example of the tool holder.

The tool magazine 70 includes a plurality of tools 101 that can be mounted on the tool spindle 100, and the tool exchange mechanism 80 includes a mechanism for exchanging the tools 101 on the tool spindle 100 with the tools 101 in the tool magazine 70.

Next, the operation of the lathe will be explained in the following processing example.

As shown in FIG. 23, the fifteenth machining example illustrates how to clamp a workpiece W1 in the main shaft 30 and a workpiece W2 in the sub-spindle 50 to perform outer diameter machining.

In one example, the main spindle 30 clamps the workpiece W1 and the sub-spindle 50 clamps the workpiece W2.

Next, the controller 201 drives the Z1-axis motor 13 or the Z2-axis motor 17 to position the part to be processed in the workpiece W in front of the tool spindle 100 (step S1301).

Then, when the workpiece rotating motor 31 is driven to rotate the workpiece W1, the controller 201 drives the Z1 axis motor 13 and the X1 axis motor 18 (step S1302). Therefore, the tool 101 is adjacent to the workpiece W1, so the workpiece W1 held by the spindle 30 can be processed. After the outer diameter of the workpiece W1 held by the machining spindle 30 is completed, the controller drives the X1-axis motor 18 to retract the tool spindle 100 (step S1303).

Next, the controller 201 rotates the tool 101 on the tool spindle 100 by 180 degrees (step S1304), and then by driving the Z3 axis motor 22 and the Z2 axis motor 17, the controller 201 positions the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 in The part to be processed in front of the tool spindle 100 (step S1305), and then the controller 201 rotates the workpiece W2 by the workpiece rotation motor 51 (step S1306), and drives the Z3 axis motor 22 and the X1 axis motor 18 (step S1307), so , The tool 101 is close to the workpiece W2, so the outer diameter of the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 can be processed.

The controller 201 appropriately manages the planning tool 101, the Z1 axis motor 13, the Z2 axis motor 17, the Z3 axis motor 22, and the X1 axis motor 18 to perform various processing on the workpiece W1 and the workpiece W2, for example. In other words, the shape of the workpiece W1 and the workpiece W2 after being processed can be linear, tapered toward the end, or arc-shaped.

As shown in FIG. 24, the 16th processing example illustrates how to perform drilling on the rear end surfaces of the workpiece W1 held by the main spindle 30 and the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50.

In this example, the tool 101 mounted on the tool spindle 100 is a drill.

The controller 201 drives the X1 axis motor 18 and the direction changing motor 103 to control the tool 101 to face the end surface of the workpiece held by the spindle 30 (step S1401). Then, when the workpiece W1 is rotated by driving the workpiece rotation motor 31, the controller The 201 system drives the Z1-axis motor 13 so that the tip of the tool 101 faces the spindle 30 (step S1402). Therefore, the tool 101 cuts the rear end surface of the workpiece W1 held by the spindle 30 (that is, drills the rear end surface of the workpiece W1).

After processing the workpiece W1 on the side of the spindle 30, the controller 201 drives the X1-axis motor 18 to exit the tool spindle 100 (step S1403).

Then, the controller 201 drives the direction changing motor 103 to control the tip of the tool 101 to rotate toward the end surface of the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 (step S1404). When the workpiece W2 is rotated by driving the workpiece rotation motor 51, the controller 201 drives the Z3-axis motor 22 so that the tip of the tool 101 faces the sub-spindle 50 (step S1405). Therefore, the tool 101 is close to the rear end surface of the workpiece W2, so that the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 can be drilled.

The above description explains how to perform drilling on the rear end surfaces of the workpiece W1 clamped by the main spindle 30 and the workpiece W2 clamped by the sub-spindle 50. In addition, it is also feasible to drill only the two end surfaces of a single workpiece W.

In this example, the controller 201 first controls the workpiece W to be held by the spindle 30 (step S1401), and then the controller 201 controls the tool 101 to drill a hole on the front and rear end surface of the workpiece W (step S1402). After that, the controller 201 drives the X1 axis motor 18 to exit the turret 40 and the selected tool 41, and drives the Z3 axis motor 22 to move the sub-spindle 50 toward the main spindle 30, so that the sub-spindle 50 clamps the end surface of the workpiece W (step S1403). After that, the controller 201 controls the spindle 30 to release the workpiece W (step S1404). Then, the controller 201 drives the Z3-axis motor 22 to move the sub-spindle 50 to a predetermined position (step S1405), and drives the X1-axis motor 18 to move the tool spindle 100 to the machining position (step S1406). After that, the tool 101 drills a hole on the other end surface of the workpiece W in the same manner as described above (step S1407).

As shown in Figure 25, the 17th machining example shows how to drill an oblique hole.

In this example, the tool 101 mounted on the tool spindle 100 is a drill.

Before processing the workpiece W1 held by the spindle 30, the controller 201 drives the direction changing motor 103 to control the tool 101 and the workpiece W1 held by the spindle 30 to form a specified angle (step S1501).

Next, the controller 201 drives the Z1-axis motor 13 or the Z2-axis motor 17 to adjust the relative position between the workpiece W1 and the tool 101 (step S1502). After that, when the tool 101 rotates, the controller 201 drives the Z1-axis motor 13 and the X1-axis motor 18 to move the workpiece W1 and the tool 101 relative to each other, so that the tool 101 enters the workpiece W1 at a specified angle on the coordinate axis of the workpiece W1 ( Step S1503). Therefore, the workpiece W1 held by the main shaft 30 can be drilled with a beveled hole.

In another example, if a beveled hole is to be drilled in the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50, the controller 201 controls the direction change motor 103 to adjust the workpiece held by the tool 101 on the sub-spindle 50 before drilling. The coordinate axis of W2 is at a specified angle (step S1504). Then the controller 201 drives the Z3 axis motor 22 or the Z2 axis motor 17 to adjust the relative position of the tool 101 and the workpiece W2 (step S1505). After that, when the tool 101 rotates, the controller 201 drives the Z3 axis motor 22 and The X1-axis motor 18 relatively moves the workpiece W2 and the tool 101 respectively so that the tool 101 enters the workpiece W2 at a designated angle on the coordinate axis of the workpiece W2 (step S1506). Therefore, an oblique hole can be drilled in the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50.

As shown in FIG. 26, the 18th machining example illustrates how to drill a hole of a specified diameter in the workpiece W (that is, the inner diameter machining is performed on the workpiece W).

In one example, if the workpiece W1 held by the main spindle 30 and the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 are to be used for inner diameter machining, the controller 201 uses an inner diameter machining tool installed on the tool spindle 100 as the tool 101 and executes The same procedure as drilling on the tail surface. That is to say, the controller 201 controls the X1 axis motor and the direction change motor 103 so that the tool 101 is coaxial with the workpiece W1 held by the spindle 30, and the tip of the tool 101 faces the end of the workpiece W1 held by the spindle 30 Surface (step S1601). Then, when the workpiece W1 is rotated by driving the workpiece rotation motor 31, the controller 201 drives the X1 axis motor 13 or the Z2 axis motor 17 to move the tip of the tool 101 toward the spindle 30 (step S1602). The controller 201 controls the Z1 axis motor 13 and the X1 axis motor 18 to move the tool 101 along the Z1 axis and the X1 axis, and by cutting the workpiece W1, a hole is machined on the end surface of the workpiece W1, and the hole size can be adjusted. Diameter and depth (step S1603).

After processing the workpiece W1, the controller 201 drives the X1-axis motor 18 to exit the tool spindle 100 (step S1604).

Next, the controller 201 drives the direction changing motor 103 to rotate the tool spindle 100 by 180 degrees so that the tool 101 faces the sub-spindle 50 and clamps the surface of the workpiece W2 (step S1605). The controller 201 then drives the workpiece rotation motor 51 to rotate the workpiece W2, and drives the Z3-axis motor 22 or the Z2-axis motor 17 to respectively move the tip of the tool 101 toward the sub-spindle 50 (step S1606). Then by driving the Z3 axis motor 22 and the X1 axis motor 18, the controller 201 moves the tool 101 along the Z3 axis and the X1 axis to machine a hole in the workpiece W2, and adjusts the depth, diameter and position of the hole (step S1607) .

As shown in Fig. 27, the 19th machining example illustrates how to cut the workpiece W linearly.

In one example, if the workpiece W is to be processed into a D shape by cutting part of the workpiece W, a milling cutter can be installed on the tool spindle 100 as the tool 101. The controller 201 moves the tool 101 to a predetermined position (step S1701). Thereafter, when the tool 101 is rotated, the controller 201 drives the Y1-axis motor 102 to move the tool 101 in the Y1-axis direction (step S1702). If necessary, the controller 201 moves the tool spindle 100 in the Z2 axial direction (along the axial direction of the workpiece W) (step S1703). Therefore, the cross section of the workpiece W after being cut is D-shaped.

As shown in Figure 28, the 20th machining example shows how to drill an eccentric hole.

In one example, if an eccentric hole is to be drilled in a non-concentric part of the workpiece W, a drill can be installed on the tool spindle 100 as the tool 101. The controller 201 drives the Z2-axis motor 17 to move the tool 101 to a predetermined position (step S1801). Then the controller 201 drives the Y1-axis motor 102 so that the height of the tool 101 is different from the height of the center line of the workpiece W (step S1802). Then, when the tool 101 rotates, the controller 201 drives the X1-axis motor 18 to move the tool 101 forward and machine a hole in the workpiece W (step S1803). Therefore, an eccentric hole can be machined in the workpiece W system.

As shown in FIGS. 29A and 29B, the 21st processing example shows how to cut part of the workpiece W obliquely, wherein FIG. 29A is a front view, and FIG. 29B is a side view.

In one example, if a tail of the workpiece W is to be cut obliquely, a milling cutter can be installed on the tool spindle 100 as the tool 101. The controller 201 drives the direction changing motor 103 so that the tool 101 and the workpiece W clamped by the spindle 30 are at a specified angle (step S1901). Then, the controller 201 drives the Y1-axis motor 103 to move the tool 101 in the Y1-axis direction (step S1902). Therefore, the tool 101 contacts the tail of the workpiece W obliquely (that is, cutting part of the workpiece W obliquely). If necessary, the controller 201 moves the tool spindle 100 along the X axis and the Z axis (along the axis of the workpiece W). ).

As shown in FIG. 30A and FIG. 30B, the 22nd processing example shows how to perform gear hobbing on the workpiece W. FIG. 30A is a front view and FIG. 30B is a side view.

In one example, if gear hobbing is to be used to machine teeth on the workpiece W, a gear hobbing tool is installed on the tool spindle 100 as the tool 101, and the controller 201 moves the tool spindle 100 to a predetermined position (step S2001 ). Then the controller drives the direction changing motor 103 to make the tool 101 assume a predetermined angle (step S2002).

The controller 201 controls the tool 101 and the workpiece W to rotate in synchronization with each other at a predetermined speed ratio, and drives the Z1 axis motor 13 to advance the workpiece W (step S2003). Therefore, when the tool 101 cuts the workpiece W, the workpiece W moves and teeth can be machined on the workpiece W.

As shown in FIG. 31, the 23rd machining example explains how to perform outer diameter machining on the workpiece W with the tool 101 and the tool 61.

In one example, if a tool 101 installed on the tool spindle 100 and a tool 61 installed on the tool holder 60 are used to machine the outer diameter of the workpiece W, an outer diameter machining tool is installed on the tool spindle 100 as the tool 101 , And an outer diameter machining tool is installed on the tool holder 60 as a tool 61.

The controller 201 controls the main spindle 30, the sub-spindle 50, and the tool spindle 100, and processes the workpiece W in the same manner as when the outer diameter of the workpiece W is processed by the tool 101 only.

The controller 201 controls the tool holder 60 so that the turret 62 rotates and the selected tool 61 faces the peripheral surface of the workpiece W, and drives the X2-axis motor 25 so that the tool 61 cuts the periphery of the workpiece W. When the tool 101 and the tool 61 are arranged opposite to each other with the workpiece W, the tool 101 and the tool 61 cut the workpiece W, so the workpiece W can be prevented from shaking, and the workpiece W can be processed with high precision. Furthermore, since the outer diameter of the workpiece W can be processed by the tool 101 and the tool 61 at the same time, the processing time can be shortened.

As shown in Fig. 32, the 24th processing example explains how to drill the workpiece W.

In one example, to drill a hole on the workpiece W, a drill bit is installed on the tool spindle 100 as the tool 101, and the other drill bit is selected on the tool 61 of the tool holder 60, and the controller 201 is a rotating turret 62 So that the selected tool 61 faces the workpiece W (step S2011). Then, the controller 201 drives the Z2-axis motor 17 and the Z4-axis motor 24 to move the tool 101 and the tool 61 to a predetermined position (step S2012). Thereafter, when the tool 101 and the tool 61 rotate, the controller 201 drives the X1 axis motor 18 and the X2 axis motor 25 to push the tool 101 and the tool 61 toward the workpiece W, so that the tool 101 and the tool 61 cut the workpiece W (step S2013) . Therefore, a symmetrical hole can be drilled in the workpiece W. When the tool 101 and the tool 61 are placed opposite to each other with the workpiece W, the tool 101 and the tool 61 cut the workpiece W. Therefore, it is possible to avoid shaking the workpiece W, and to perform high-precision processing on the workpiece W. Furthermore, compared with the case where only the tool 101 is processed, since the workpiece W can be processed by the tool 101 and the tool 61 at the same time, the total processing time can be shortened.

As shown in Fig. 33, the 25th machining example shows how to process a workpiece W1 and a workpiece W2 at the same time.

In one example, to simultaneously drill an eccentric hole on the workpiece W1 held by the main spindle 30 and process the outer diameter of the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50, an outer diameter machining tool is installed on the tool spindle 100 as the tool 101 .

The controller 201 drives the X1 axis motor 18 to advance the tool 101 to a predetermined position (step S2101), and the controller 201 rotates the turret 62 to select a drill bit as the tool 61 of the tool holder 60 (step S2102). Then the controller 201 drives the X2-axis motor 25 to adjust the selected tool 61 so that the tip of the selected tool 61 faces the part to be processed of the workpiece W1 (step S2103). Then, when the tool 61 is rotated, the controller 201 drives the Z1 axis motor to advance the workpiece W1 held by the spindle 30 (step S2104).

According to the same similar method, the controller 201 rotates the workpiece W2 by driving the workpiece rotation motor 51 and drives the Z3-axis motor 22 to advance the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 (step S2105). Therefore, the workpiece W1 held by the main spindle 30 can be drilled with an eccentric hole, and the peripheral surface of the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 can be cut.

As shown in Fig. 34, the 26th machining example shows how to process a workpiece W1 and a workpiece W2 at the same time.

For example, in one example, if the workpiece W1 clamped by the main spindle 30 and the workpiece W2 clamped by the sub-spindle 50 are to be used for outer diameter machining, the tool 101 installed on the tool spindle 100 and the tool 61 installed on the tool holder 60 The same workpiece W can be processed at the same time, or the tool 101 and the tool 61 can respectively process the workpiece W1 and the workpiece W2.

As shown in Fig. 35, the 27th processing example explains how to process a "head application unit" on the workpiece W.

In one example, if a "blade application unit" is to be processed on the workpiece W, a milling cutter system is installed on the tool spindle 100 as the tool 101. The controller 201 selects the milling cutter as the tool 61 of the tool holder 60 (step S2201). The controller 201 moves the tool 101 and the tool 61 to a predetermined position, and drives the Y1 axis motor 102 and the Y2 axis motor 63 to move the tool 101 and the tool 61 along the Y1 axis and the Y2 axis, respectively (step S2202). Therefore, both ends of the workpiece W can be cut (that is, a "plate head application unit" is processed on the workpiece W).

As shown in Fig. 36, the 28th machining example shows how to machine two eccentric holes in different positions on the workpiece W.

In an example, if two eccentric holes at different positions are to be machined on the workpiece W, a drill bit is installed on the tool spindle 100 as the tool 101. The controller 201 selects the drill bit as the tool 61 of the tool holder 60, and the controller 201 moves the tool 101 and the tool 61 to a predetermined position along the Z2 axis and the Z4 axis. Then, the controller 201 drives the Y1-axis motor 102 and the Y2-axis motor 63 to adjust the tool 101 and the tool 61 to a predetermined position along the Y1 axis and the Y2 axis. Then, the controller 201 drives the X1-axis motor 18 and the X2-axis motor 25 to advance the tool 101 and the tool 61. Therefore, two eccentric holes can be machined on the workpiece W at the same time.

In summary, the lathe according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention has the following effects:

(1) Since the lathe system of the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes the main shaft 30, the tool main shaft 100, the sub-spindle 50 and the sleeve 90, even when the lathe is to process a long workpiece W, the workpiece W can be prevented from bending, and the workpiece W can be applied Processed with high precision. Furthermore, this lathe can also process the end surface of the workpiece. In addition, the lathe can turn the workpiece W to be held by the sub-spindle 50 after the workpiece W held by the cutting spindle 30 is completed, so that the lathe can process both ends of the workpiece W. Therefore, the lathe system can process workpieces of different lengths into complex shapes, in which the workpieces can be long to short, and can process the two end surfaces of the workpieces.

(2) It is not necessary to stop the lathe when processing the workpiece W1 held by the main spindle 30 and the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 at the same time.

(3) Since the tool spindle 100 clamps a single tool 101, there will be no interference between adjacent tools 41 in the first embodiment.

(4) Since the workpiece W1 held by the main spindle 30 and the workpiece W2 held by the sub-spindle 50 can be processed by the same tool 101, it is not necessary to prepare many tools that are the same as the tool 101.

(5) Since this lathe includes a tool magazine 70, more tools can be prepared.

(6) Since the lathe includes a tool exchange mechanism 80, there is no need to stop the lathe to exchange the tools 101.

(7) This lathe system can move the tool spindle 100 along the Y1 axis, so the position of the tool 101 can move along three axes, so it can drill non-concentric holes or angled holes in the workpiece W, or perform gear hobbing Processing and so on.

(8) Since the lathe has a tool holder 60, when other processing is in progress (for example, the tool 101 is on the tool spindle 100), the tool to be used later can be prepared in the tool holder 60 depending on the purpose. In the same way, when other processing is in progress (for example, the tool 61 is in the tool holder 60), the lathe can also prepare the tools to be used later on the tool spindle 100. This method can reduce the idle time when changing tools.

(9) Since the tool 101 and the tool 61 can process the workpiece W at the same time, the processing time can be shortened.

(10) Since the tool 101 and the tool 61 can be processed at the same time, one tool can be used for rough machining and the other tool can be used for fine machining.

(11) Since the tool 101 and the tool 61 can be processed at the same time, different parts of the workpiece W can be processed at the same time.

(12) Since the sub-spindle 50 has a hole through which the workpiece W passes, the long-sized workpiece W can be installed on the sub-spindle 50, so the size of the lathe does not need to be increased.

The scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and can have various modifications, which can be included in the content described below.

(i) As in the previous embodiment, X axis (X1 axis and X2 axis), Z axis (Z1 axis, Z2 axis and Z3 axis) are the same as Y axis (Y1 axis and Y2 axis) Direction) The three systems can be perpendicular to each other. If the three are not perpendicular to each other, they can also be in different directions.

(ii) As in the foregoing embodiment, the X1 axis is parallel to the X2 axis, and the Y1 axis is parallel to the Y2 axis. However, these axial directions may not be parallel to each other. For example, the turret 40 or the tool spindle 100 can obliquely move the tool 41 or the tool 101 from the upper position to the lower position. Furthermore, like the turret 40 or the tool spindle 100, the tool holder 60 can also move the tool 41 or the tool 101 obliquely from the upper position to the lower position.

(iii) In order to perform processing on the workpiece W, the position of the turret 40, the tool spindle 100 or the tool holder 60 can be fixed, and the main spindle 30 or the sub-spindle 50 can be moved. On the other hand, processing on the workpiece W can also be done by fixing the position of the main spindle 30 or the sub-spindle 50 and moving the turret 40, the tool spindle 100 or the tool holder 60.

The above description is only illustrative, and not restrictive. Any equivalent modifications or alterations that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the appended patent application.

<p>10Machine tool</p><p>100Tool Spindle</p><p>101Tools</p><p>100ATool head</p><p>102Y1-axis motor</p><p>103Direction change motor</p><p>11Liang</p><p>12Liang</p><p>13Z1 axis motor</p><p>15Liang</p><p>16Liang</p><p>17Z2-axis motor</p><p>18X1 axis motor</p><p>20Liang</p><p>201controller</p><p>21Liang</p><p>22Z3 axis motor</p><p>24Z4 axis motor</p><p>25X2 axis motor</p><p>30Spindle</p><p>30AFront</p><p>30HHole</p><p>31Workpiece rotation motor</p><p>40Turret</p><p>401Tool selection motor</p><p>40ABase</p><p>40BBall screw</p><p>40CColumn</p><p>40DBall screw</p><p>40EY1 axis motor</p><p>40FTrailer</p><p>40GSupport unit</p><p>40HDirection change motor</p><p>40ITool selection motor</p><p>40JTrailer</p><p>40KRotating axis</p><p>41Tools</p><p>50Sub-spindle</p><p>50ASub-front</p><p>50HHole</p><p>51Workpiece rotation motor</p><p>60Tool Holder</p><p>61Tools</p><p>62Turret</p><p>63Y2-axis motor</p><p>70Tool Library</p><p>80Tool exchange mechanism</p><p>90Shaft sleeve</p><p>65Supporting member</p><p>66Tools</p><p>W,W1,W2Workpiece</p>

The purpose and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly revealed by the related drawings.

Fig. 1 is a front view showing the lathe according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a plan view showing the lathe according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the transfer of Fig. 1 An example structure configuration of the tower and the tool holder; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the modified form of the tool holder according to the lathe according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing one of the present invention Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a second processing example of the present invention; Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a third processing example of the present invention; Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a fourth processing example of the present invention Processing example; FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a fifth processing example of the present invention; FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a sixth processing example of the present invention; FIG. 11A is a front view showing a seventh processing example of the present invention Example; Fig. 11B is a side view, showing a seventh processing example of the present invention; Fig. 12A is a front view, showing an eighth processing example of the present invention; Fig. 12B is a side view, showing an eighth processing example of the present invention Processing example; Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a ninth processing example of the present invention; Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram showing a tenth processing example of the present invention; Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram showing an eleventh processing example of the present invention 16 is a schematic diagram showing a twelfth processing example of the present invention; FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing a thirteenth processing example of the present invention; FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing a 14th processing example of the present invention; 19 is a front view showing the lathe according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 20 is a plan view showing the lathe according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram showing a tool in Fig. 19 Example structure settings of a spindle and a tool holder; Figure 22 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a modified form of the tool holder in a lathe according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 23 is a schematic diagram showing one of the present invention 15th processing example; Fig. 24 is a schematic diagram showing a 16th processing example of the present invention; Fig. 25 is a schematic diagram showing a 17th processing example of the present invention; Fig. 26 is a schematic diagram showing an 18th processing example of the present invention Processing example; Fig. 27 is a schematic diagram showing a 19th processing example of the present invention; Fig. 28 is a schematic diagram showing a 20th processing example of the present invention; Fig. 29A is a front view showing a 21st processing example of the present invention Example; Fig. 29B is a side view, showing a 21st processing example of the present invention; Fig. 30A is a front view, showing a 22nd processing example of the present invention; Fig. 30B is a side view, showing a 22nd processing example of the present invention Processing exampleFigure 31 is a schematic diagram showing a twenty-third processing example of the present invention; Figure 32 is a schematic diagram showing a twenty-fourth processing example of the present invention; Figure 33 is a schematic diagram showing a twenty-fifth processing example of the present invention; 34 is a schematic diagram showing a 26th processing example of the present invention; FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram showing a 27th processing example of the present invention; and FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram showing a 28th processing example of the present invention.