State detecting system and device employing the same

State detection system and device using the system

<p>101. . . Electricity Storage Agency</p><p>102. . . Measuring mechanism</p><p>103. . . Storage organization</p><p>104. . . Arithmetic agency</p><p>105. . . Communication agency</p><p>106. . . First amendment agency</p><p>107. . . Second amendment agency</p><p>301. . . Electromotive force</p><p>302. . . Internal resistance</p><p>303. . . impedance</p><p>304. . . Capacitive component</p><p>701. . . Calculation program A</p><p>702. . . Calculation program B</p><p>703. . . Correction calculation program</p><p>1001. . . Commercial power supply</p><p>1002. . . Photovoltaic generating equipment</p><p>1003. . . Load device</p><p>1004. . . Control converter</p><p>1005. . . switch</p><p>1006. . . Status detection device</p><p>1007. . . Power supply</p><p>1101. . . Motor generator</p><p>1102. . . Photovoltaic generating equipment</p>

The present invention is further understood through the above detailed description and the accompanying drawings of preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, these descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention, but only for explanation and understanding.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power supply unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the calculation program of the power supply unit according to the present invention;

3 is a block diagram showing the equivalent circuit of the power storage mechanism according to the present invention;

4 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the SOC of the power storage mechanism and the allowable charging and discharging current according to the present invention;

5 is a schematic diagram showing the voltage variation during charging under the action of pulse current of the power storage mechanism according to the present invention;

6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power supply unit according to the present invention;

7 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between OCV and SOC of the power storage mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of distributed solar power storage using the state detection system and power supply unit according to the present invention;

9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an automatic vehicle applying the state detection system and power supply unit according to the present invention; and

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a traditional residual capacity prediction method.

[Technical Field to which the Invention belongs]

The present invention relates to an innovative state detection system for detecting the state of charge, the state of residual capacity in power storage mechanisms such as lithium secondary batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lead-sealed batteries, electronic double-layer capacitors, and information about Use the power supply unit of the state detection device, the distribution type power storage device, and the electric vehicle.

[Prior Art]

In a power supply unit, a distributed power storage device, and an electric vehicle using a power storage mechanism such as a battery, the state detection device is used to detect the state of the power storage mechanism to achieve safe and effective use of the power storage mechanism. The state of the power storage mechanism represents the state of charge (hereinafter referred to as "SOC"), which indicates how much charge is charged or how much charge can be discharged, and the remaining capacitance or state of health (hereinafter referred to as "SOH") It indicates how much consumption or attenuation or attenuation.

In portable equipment, electric vehicles, etc., the SOC in the power supply unit can be calculated by integrating the discharge current from the fully charged state and calculating the amount of charge (hereinafter referred to as the "remaining amount") in the power storage mechanism to the maximum possible value. The charge amount (hereinafter referred to as the "full amount" ratio" is detected. However, many power storage mechanisms change the full amount according to SOH, temperature, etc., so it is difficult to accurately detect SOC for long-term changes and environmental changes.

In order to solve this problem, such as the traditional residual quantity prediction method that takes into account the attenuation of the battery, it is known that as shown in Figure 10 of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. Heisei10-289734, it shows a residual quantity prediction method of the above-mentioned application. . In this method, an initial battery characteristic is corrected by a temperature correction coefficient derived from the temperature of the battery and an attenuation correction coefficient derived from the attenuation of the battery, and the residual capacity of the battery is discharged according to the corrected battery characteristics. The discharge amount and terminal voltage in the process are derived.

In Japanese Patent Application Publication No. Heisei 11-218567, a method is shown to derive the characteristics of the battery when the battery is deteriorated by correcting the initial battery characteristics related to the temperature correction coefficient, the initial resistance deterioration correction coefficient, and the capacitance deterioration correction coefficient. .

In Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2000-166105, a control unit is disclosed that detects the charging status based on the charging and discharging currents, detects the power storage status based on the voltage, and controls the charging status based on the detection.

In Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2000-166109, a charging state detection device is disclosed, which derives an electromotive force based on charging and discharging currents and voltages, and has a calculation mechanism for deriving charging characteristics based on the electromotive force and charging characteristics.

In Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2001-85071, a temperature detection device is disclosed, which predicts the individual temperature of a group of battery modules based on the voltage between terminals and the current following them.

In the residual quantity prediction method disclosed in the aforementioned Japanese Patent Application Publication No. Heisei 10-289734, the influence of temperature or degradation is considered, and these influences are regarded as the use of these correction coefficients derived through a complicated derivation process to calculate the residual quantity. The temperature correction parameter or the deterioration correction parameter of the required correction parameter. Therefore, it is necessary to consider whether the correction coefficient itself is correct or whether all battery characteristics are corrected.

Furthermore, certain types of power storage mechanisms also have characteristics, such as charging efficiency, memory effect, etc., and it is necessary to predict the residual amount correction with high accuracy in consideration. On the other hand, the initial characteristics of power storage institutions include individual differences. The correction of individual differences is also necessary in predicting residuals with high accuracy.

In other words, in order to perform state detection, such as high-precision residual prediction, it is necessary to implement a feature accurate model that takes multiple parameters into consideration. Furthermore, it is necessary to perform long-term changes or environmental variations related to these parameters.

Therefore, significant time and effort must be spent to obtain the initial characteristics and most of the parameters of the power storage mechanism. However, no matter how complicated it is, the result of the arithmetic operation is at best based on the prediction of the battery characteristic theory or model. Therefore, it is still concerned whether the predicted value is correct for the true value.

Therefore, it has been discovered that in order to achieve high-precision state detection of the power storage mechanism and simply calculate the characteristic data used in arithmetic operations, by comparing the state detection result with the true value or logic and feedback It is necessary to correct the subsequent arithmetic operations and learn the differences, and the breakthrough progress is necessary. Because it is impossible to directly measure the state of the battery, such as SOC or SCH, an important problem is how to derive the truth value or logic.

On the other hand, in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. Heisei 11-218567, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2000-166105, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2000-166109, and Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2001-85071, the failure to disclose Reveal the implementation of the modified feedback-the modified information obtained through arithmetic operations to the subsequent arithmetic operations, and the storage information required for the modified arithmetic operations, and perform the state detection of the power storage mechanism based on most special arithmetic operations and most mutation information Measurement.

[Summary of the invention]

An object of the present invention is to provide a state detection system for performing correction information obtained through a predetermined arithmetic operation to subsequent arithmetic operations and storing the information so that a characteristic data used for arithmetic operations is at least detecting such as Accurate detection of charging status, health status or similar status, and a power supply unit, power storage device and an electric vehicle.

The present invention is directed to a state detection system including a storage mechanism for storing information about a power storage mechanism and characteristic data arithmetically obtained based on measurement information obtained by measuring a measurement subject about the power storage mechanism with the measurement mechanism, Calculation information about the arithmetic operation of the data, and setting information about the feature data and calculation information and pre-light setting. An arithmetic mechanism is used to calculate the state information and calculation indicating the state of the power storage mechanism based on the measured information and the setting information Correction information used to perform correction by comparing the calculated result and setting information, a first correction mechanism is used to correct the input of the arithmetic mechanism based on the correction information obtained by the arithmetic mechanism, or a second correction mechanism is used To modify the information stored or set in the power plant based on the correction information obtained by the arithmetic agency, and a communication agency to communicate a calculation result taken from the arithmetic agency to another device.

More specifically, the state detection system according to the present invention includes a measuring mechanism for measuring one or more of the voltage, current, temperature, resistance, and electrolysis concentration of the power storage mechanism, and a storage mechanism for storing the power storage mechanism At least one of the characteristic data, calculation coefficients and calculation procedures, and the preset value considered as true value or the setting information considered as vacuum phenomenon by logic. An arithmetic mechanism is used to set the measurement value of the measurement mechanism and the storage mechanism Information is used to calculate the state of the power storage mechanism, and a correction amount is calculated by comparing the calculation result and setting information, and the communication mechanism is used to communicate the calculation result to other devices, and a correction mechanism is used to correct the value of the storage mechanism or the arithmetic mechanism enter. In this way, it can perform correction by comparing the calculation result and setting information and feeding back the difference to the subsequent learning calculation. Therefore, a state detection system can be realized, which can detect the state of the power storage mechanism with high accuracy while requiring less used characteristic data and simply by calculation.

The correction mechanism according to the present invention determines the correction amount based on the difference in the calculation result of the calculation mechanism and the setting information. For example, a natural condition where the state of charge increases during charging. If the difference in the state of charge decreases during charging, it is corrected. Furthermore, when charging and discharging are performed with the allowable charging and discharging current value that can charge and discharge the power storage within the allowable use voltage range, naturally overcharging and overdischarging will not be detected. If over-charging or over-discharging is detected, the charge and discharge can be allowed to be corrected. As described above, according to the present invention, normal features or natural phenomena are taken as setting information and compared with the calculation result to correct the value of the storage mechanism or the input of the arithmetic mechanism is learned and corrected.

On the other hand, in the present invention, when the current value is less than or equal to a predetermined value, the calculation result or calculation program of the value arithmetic mechanism of the measuring mechanism may be determined as the correction value. For example, if the influence of self-discharge is small or if the current value is 0A, the state of charge will not vary much. In other words, when the current value is 0A, the state of charge whose 0 variation is 0 is regarded as the set value as true. If the current value is 0A, the state of charge changes; the correction is executed and the special variation is fed back to subsequent calculations and learning.

The storage mechanism of the present invention has two or more mutually different calculation programs. The arithmetic mechanism can derive the correction value from the calculation result of the calculation program to execute the correction for returning the correction value to subsequent calculations and learning.

On the other hand, the state-of-charge calculation mechanism of the arithmetic mechanism and the current integration mechanism of the power storage mechanism calculate the capacity of the power storage mechanism based on two different charging states and current integration values during the period. In this case, the storage mechanism stores the initial capacity of the power storage mechanism, and the correction mechanism can determine the correction information based on the capacity and initial capacity of the power storage mechanism.

The present invention is characterized by a power supply unit that includes a power storage mechanism, the measurement mechanism is used to measure voltage, current, temperature, resistance, and electrolyte concentration, and a state detection system derives the state of the power storage mechanism based on the information measured by the measurement mechanism Information, the state detection system includes the above-mentioned state detection system.

On the other hand, the present invention is characterized in that a power storage device includes a commercial power supply connected to a switch, a photovoltaic generating device is connected to the commercial power supply via the switch, a negative OR device is connected to the photovoltaic generating device via a switch, and The control converter controls the power of the commercial power source and the photovoltaic generator and is connected to the switch of the commercial power source via a switch. A control unit controls the switch of the commercial power source and the switch of the control converter, and controls the power, the power storage mechanism; for the measurement mechanism To measure at least one of voltage, current, temperature, resistance and electrolyte concentration, and the state detection system to derive the state information of the power storage mechanism based on the measurement information measured by the measurement mechanism. The state detection system includes the aforementioned state detection system.

The present invention is characterized in that an electric vehicle includes a generator that performs power generation to drive wheels and wheels by the rotation and rotation of a motor, or a motor generator drives the wheels and performs power generation by the rotation of the wheels, and a control converter is connected to A motor and generator or a motor generator converts its power. A control unit specifies the power to control the converter. The power storage mechanism is connected to the control converter. A measuring mechanism is used to measure voltage, current, temperature, resistance, and electrolyte concentration. At least one and one state detection system derives the state information of the power storage mechanism based on the measurement information measured by the measurement mechanism. The state detection system includes the aforementioned state detection system, and the control unit is controlled by the communication mechanism.

The present invention is characterized in that a hybrid vehicle includes an internal combustion engine, a generator performs electric power generation by assisting the rotation of the motor connected to the driving force of the wheels of the engine and the rotation of the output, and a motor generator connected to the engine It assists the driving force of the engine and performs power generation. A control converter is connected to the motor and generator or motor generator to convert its electricity, a power storage mechanism is connected to the control converter, and a measuring mechanism is used to measure voltage. At least one of current, temperature, resistance, and electrolysis value concentration, and a state detection system derives the state information of the power storage mechanism based on the measurement information measured by the measurement mechanism. The state detection system includes the aforementioned state detection system, And the control unit is controlled by a communication mechanism.

Preferably, the power storage mechanism is selected from the group consisting of lithium secondary current, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lead-sealed batteries, and electronic double-layer capacitors.

As mentioned above, with the present invention, the correction is performed by comparing the calculation result and the setting information, such as the setting value or the setting value or logic of the calculation result fed back to the subsequent learning calculation. Therefore, a state detection system can be realized, which detects the state information of the power storage mechanism with high accuracy, using less feature data for calculation, and using simple arithmetic expressions of calculations, power supply units, and distributed power storage devices .

[Implementation mode]

The present invention will be discussed in detail later with reference to the attached drawings by means of preferred embodiments of the present invention. In the following description, most specific details are set in order to provide a complete understanding of the present invention. However, for those who are familiar with the art, it is obvious that it can be implemented without such details. In other cases, well-known structures are not shown in detail to avoid unnecessary obstruction of the present invention.

(First embodiment)

Fig. 1 is an illustration of the structure of a power supply unit according to the present invention. In Figure 1, the code 101 represents a power storage mechanism, 102 represents a measurement mechanism, 103 represents a storage mechanism, 104 represents an arithmetic mechanism, 105 represents a communication mechanism, 106 represents a first correction mechanism and a second correction mechanism of 107. The power storage mechanism 101 is formed by a device with a power storage function, such as a lithium secondary battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, a lead-sealed battery, an electronic double-layer capacitor, and so on.

The measuring mechanism 102 is formed by a sensor or an electronic circuit that measures voltage, current, temperature, resistance, battery electrolyte concentration, etc., to obtain necessary measurement information.

The storage mechanism 103 is composed of memory devices such as EEPPOM, flash memory, magnetic disks, etc., to store calculation information including at least one of characteristic data, calculation coefficients, and calculation procedures, and will be considered as relevant calculation information The setting value of the default true value or the setting information of the logic that is considered as a real phenomenon.

The arithmetic mechanism 104 is formed by a microprocessor, a computer or the like, and derives the state information of the power storage mechanism 101 based on the measurement value of the measurement mechanism 102 and the value of the storage mechanism 103. On the other hand, the result of the calculation is compared with the setting information to calculate the correction information of these correction amounts. The power storage mechanism 101 has multiple abnormalities, such as SOC, SOH, allowable current, continuous charge and discharge period, allowable temperature, overcharge, overdischarge, and so on.

The communication mechanism 105 is constructed with a device or circuit for communicating a sequence of numbers, such as CAN, Bluetooth, etc., or a device or circuit for communicating an on-off signal, such as an optocoupler, a transponder, etc. Then, the calculation result calculated by the arithmetic mechanism 104 is transmitted to other controllers, display elements or the like (not shown).

The first correction mechanism 106 is constructed with a cache memory and a buffer memory_，Such as SRAM or the like, a register. The correction is performed by changing the value of the measuring mechanism 102 according to the correction value derived by the arithmetic mechanism 104, the value of the storage mechanism 103, and a calculation result of the arithmetic mechanism 104.

The second correction mechanism 107 is constructed as an EEPROM write circuit, etc., such as the storage mechanism 103 or a magnetic disk write circuit or the like, and rewrites the value into the storage mechanism based on the correction value calculated by the arithmetic mechanism 103 in.

Although the first correction mechanism 106 and the second correction mechanism 107 are adopted in the illustrated embodiment, one of these correction mechanisms or other structures may be used. On the other hand, by using a microcomputer, an A/D converter, a flash memory, a microprocessor, and a communication circuit are integrated on the same device, the measuring mechanism 102, the storage mechanism 103, and the arithmetic mechanism 104 , The communication mechanism, the first correction mechanism 106 and the second correction mechanism 107 can be integrated on the same device. On the other hand, these can be used together with other control units.

With the illustrated embodiment, the calculation result itself is logically compared with the setting value or setting information to perform correction, and the difference between the calculation result and the setting value or setting information is fed back to the subsequent learning arithmetic operation. Therefore, the state detection method and state detection system of the power storage mechanism can be realized, which has high accuracy under the arithmetic operation using less characteristic data, and the arithmetic operation is simple, and uses the power supply of the system and method unit.

(Second embodiment)

2 is a block diagram showing the state detection method of the power storage mechanism according to the present invention. In FIG. 2, in a step of measuring and reading, the voltage, current, temperature, resistance, electrolyte concentration, etc. of the power storage mechanism 101 are measured to read the measured value of the first correction mechanism 106 or the arithmetic mechanism 104 or Store the value of the organization 103. In the calculation, the state of the power storage mechanism 101 is calculated based on the read value. In the difference judgment, the calculation result is compared with the set value or logic in order to perform the difference judgment. If no difference is found, the relevant parameters are corrected and written in the correction step to terminate the writing in the memory. By repeating this sequence, the correction that returns the difference to the subsequent learning arithmetic operation can be performed.

Here, the difference between the calculation result and the set value or logic mechanism, where, for example, the increase of the charge state during the charging process is a natural logic, and the difference occurs when the charge state decreases during the charging process. At the same time, the similar logic is that the state of charge will decrease during the discharge. Or the state of charge remains unchanged when the effect of self-discharge during rest is negligible. If the difference is in this case, the correction is implemented. Then, the array arrangement of these objects can be executed to perform difference judgment with the array as the difference array.

Although it is impossible to directly measure the state of the power storage mechanism, the aforementioned obvious phenomena or characteristics are used as setting information for comparison with the calculated results. If a difference is found, the value of the storage mechanism and the input of the arithmetic mechanism are learned and corrected.

Thereby, it is possible to realize the state detection system of the power storage mechanism, which has high accuracy under the arithmetic operation using less characteristic data, and the arithmetic operation is simple, and uses the power supply unit of the state detection system.

Fig. 3 is a circuit block diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the power storage mechanism. In FIG. 3, code 201 represents electromotive force (OCV), 302 represents internal resistance , 303 represents impedance (Z), and 304 represents a capacitive element (C). Here, a parallel connection pair of the impedance 303 and the capacitive element 304, and the serial connection of the internal resistance 302 and the electromotive force 301 are shown. When the current I is supplied to the power storage mechanism, the voltage (CCV) between the terminals of the power storage mechanism can be expressed by equation (I).

CCV=OCV+IR+Vp. . . . . (1)

Among them, Vp is the polarization voltage, and Z and C are the voltages of the parallel connection pair.

OCV is used to calculate SOC or allowable charge and discharge current. With the power storage mechanism being charged and discharged, it is impossible to directly measure OCV. Therefore, OCV is derived by subtracting IR drop and Vp from CCV, as expressed in equation (2).

OCV=CCV-IR-Vp.. . . . (2)

4 is a schematic diagram showing the SOC, the allowable charging current and the allowable discharge current of the power storage mechanism. Considering the increase in SOC, the allowable discharge current increases and the allowable charge current decreases. Assuming that the maximum allowable voltage of the power storage mechanism is Vmax and the minimum allowable voltage is Vmin, the allowable charging current Icmax and the allowable discharge current Idmax are expressed by the following equations (3) and (4), respectively.

Icmax=(Vmax-OCV)/Rz. . . . . (3) Idmax=(OCV-Vmin)/RZ. . . . . (4) Where RZ is the equivalent impedance of R, Z, and C in Figure 3.

Therefore, when charging and discharging are performed with a current less than or equal to ICmax and Idmax and overcharging or overdischarging is detected, and the difference is found, the value of Rz is corrected. For example, Rz is increased by 1%.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the voltage variation during charging by a pulse current of the power storage mechanism. The CCV curve shown by a solid line rises at a charging start time point (A) and drops sharply at a charging termination time point (B). The drop is due to the drop in IR. As a result, the CCV drops gently to gradually approach the setting information of the OCV displayed by a dotted line. The voltage variation during this period corresponds to Vp. On the other hand, the setting information of OCV that is not affected by IR drop or Vp increases from A to B during charging, but does not change during the period from point B to point D where the current is 0A (under self-discharge or ambient temperature The impact can be ignored). On the contrary, the calculated value of the OCV displayed by the disconnection is not fixed relative to the setting information of the OCV, and it appears to decrease gently even from B to D.

When equation (2) is used to calculate OCV, R can be directly obtained by actually measuring CCV and I, and using the variation of dCCV and dI in a short time, it is expressed by the following equation (5).

R=ddCV/dI. . . (5) Therefore, with the present invention, for example, the variation of OCV at 0A is selected as 0V. During this period, when the calculated value of OCV varies as shown in FIG. 5, Vp is corrected.

On the other hand, when the SOC is derived from the OCV, the set value or logical and calculated value of the SOC also varies as shown in FIG. 5. Even in this case, the difference in Vp can be detected. Then, after Vp is corrected, it is fed back to subsequent calculations.

(Third embodiment)

Table 1 is a table showing the relationship between the variation of SOC and the correction amount of Vp in the present invention. By taking a time measurement t, and taking a current value of 0A as the time point at t=0, the correction amount of Vp is determined from the variation of SOC at t<0 and the variation of SOC at t>0. For example, if the variation of SOC at t<0 increases and the variation of SOC at t>0 increases, Vp is reduced by 1%.

<tables><img file="TW200401902A_D0001.tif" /></tables>

Then, these calculations are repeated many times during the passage of time. In this way, Vp gradually approaches the set value by the learning effect. That is, Vp is automatically adjusted.

Although the correction amount here is 1%, it is better to optimize this value according to the type of power storage mechanism; the current type of the load, the measurement error of the measuring mechanism, and so on. On the other hand, as shown, it is better to apply fuzzy theory to indicate the direction of correction.

Although the state of the power storage mechanism cannot be directly measured like SOC or OCV, according to the present invention, in the period when the current value is less than or equal to the preset value or the logical predetermined value, the correction amount is determined by The calculation results themselves are compared and derived from fuzzy theory. This is fed back to subsequent calculations to repeat learning calculations.

Therefore, as long as the calculation is repeated, the accuracy can be improved. On the other hand, due to individual differences in initial characteristics, environmental dependencies, long-term changes, etc. are automatically adjusted. In this way, most of the parameters and data of the correction coefficient can be removed.

For example, in the previous example, Vp is determined by complex parameters, such as individual differences or long-term changes, and further individual differences or long-term changes. When these parameters are accurately modeled and copied, and most of the parameters of the initial characteristics are obtained, the data becomes necessary to obtain the actual time period and load. However, in the present invention, the effects of these individual differences, long-term changes, etc., are learned and calculated under the actual use environment, and these parameters are not required.

(Fourth embodiment)

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power storage mechanism according to the present invention. In FIG. 6, code 701 represents calculation program A, 702 represents calculation program B, and 703 represents correction amount calculation program. The arithmetic mechanism 104 displays a part of the calculation program, and the arithmetic mechanism has an arithmetic program A and an arithmetic program B.

For example, the calculation program A701 is regarded as the arithmetic program of the SOC derived from the aforementioned OCV (hereinafter referred to as SOCV), and the calculation program B702 is regarded as the calculation program of the SOC (this is referred to as SOCi) based on a current integration. In the calculation of SOCi, equation (6) is used.

SOCi=SOCo+100xdIQ. . . . . (6) Where SOCo is the initial value of SOC at the beginning of charging and discharging, dI is the variation of the integrated current value, and Q is the maximum chargeable charge (full capacity). Assume that the charging efficiency of the power storage mechanism is<img file="TW200401902A_D0002.tif" />, The integrated charge current is Ic and the integrated discharge current is Id, dI can be expressed by the following equation (7).

dI=<img file="TW200401902A_D0003.tif" />x Ic-Id. . . (7) SOCi is better to indicate the amount of variation in a short period of time, that is, the response characteristic, which is used to directly calculate the current. However, due to individual differences in Q or long-term changes,<img file="TW200401902A_D0004.tif" />The influence of the current integrator or the accumulation of errors in the current integrator, the absolute value is not always correct.

On the other hand, the absolute value of SOCV can be calculated through high-precision learning calculations. However, it takes a little time to learn, and its response characteristics are relatively low compared to SOCi. Therefore, by the correction amount calculation program 703, the variation of SOCV and SOCi is compared in a relatively long period of time to derive the correction amount, and then the dI/Q term of equation (6) is corrected. On the other hand, SOCo is corrected by SOCV at any point in time.

In this way, the response characteristics of SOCi and the high-accuracy calculation of SOCV can be achieved at the same time. On the other hand, the correction amount is derived by comparing the calculation result itself and feeding the result back to the subsequent calculation to repeat the learning calculation. Therefore, the accuracy can be improved. Furthermore, due to individual differences in Q, long-term changes,<img file="TW200401902A_D0005.tif" />The influence of and the accumulation of errors in the current integrator can be corrected by learning calculations based on SOCV. Therefore, the important time and load consumption required to obtain these parameters and data can be avoided.

Furthermore, as with the calculation program A701, similar effects can be obtained by using the SOC calculated from the resistance of the power storage mechanism and the SOC calculated from the electrolyte concentration.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between OCV and SOC of a power storage mechanism. Considering the increase in SOC, OCV gradually decreases. This relationship between SOC and OCV is shown in many power storage institutions, such as lithium secondary batteries, electronic double-layer capacitors, and so on.

(Fifth Embodiment)

In the illustrated embodiment, using the characteristics of the power storage mechanism of FIG. 7, the maximum chargeable charge capacity (full capacity) Q can be derived. For example, assuming that the two different charging states are SOC1 and SOC2, their corresponding residual capacities are Q1 and Q2, and the current integral value during the period is dQ (=dI), the following equations (8) to (11) are evaluated: soc1 =100×Q1/g. . . . . (8) soc2=100×Q2/Q. . . . . (9) soc1-soc2=100×(Q1-Q2)/Q=100×dQ/Q. . . . . (10) Q=100×dQ(soc1-soc2). . . . . (11) In this way, the full capacity of the power storage mechanism can be derived. Similarly, the full capacity Q below the SOC derived from the electrolyte concentration or internal resistance and current integrated value can be derived.

Then, by feeding back the thus derived Q to equation (6), the effects of individual differences and long-term changes in Q can be corrected to allow further accurate state detection. On the other hand, individual differences and long-term modified parameters become unnecessary to eliminate important time and load consumption for obtaining parameters and data.

(Sixth Embodiment)

Table 2 is a table showing the relationship between the correction coefficient K of the full capacity Q and the initial capacity Q0 of the power storage mechanism. In this embodiment, the ratio between the initial capacity of the power storage mechanism stored in the storage mechanism and the full capacity Q derived from equation (11) is derived to obtain the correction coefficient K dependent thereon.

<tables><img file="TW200401902A_D0006.tif" /></tables>

Generally, power storage mechanisms are related to reducing the full capacity under long-term changes. At the same time, the internal resistance increases. Continuous charge and discharge period derived from residual capacity, allowable charge current and allowable discharge current derived from equations (3) and (4), and allowable heat generation (or cooling capacity) or allowable charge and discharge Electricity, etc. must be modified to its initial value according to long-term changes.

As mentioned above, with the present invention, the effects of individual differences or long-term changes during continuous charging and discharging can allow charge current, allowable discharge current, and allowable heat generation (or cooling control) or allowable charging and discharging. Electricity etc. are modified to allow more accurate status detection. On the other hand, these correction parameters become unnecessary. Therefore, the important time and load consumption required to obtain these parameters or data can be avoided.

(Seventh embodiment)

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic generating device, which is applied to the state detection system and power storage unit according to the present invention. In FIG. 8, code 1001 represents a commercial power supply, 1002 represents a photovoltaic generating device, 1003 represents a load device, 1004 represents a control converter, 1005 represents a switch, 1006 represents a state detection device, and 1007 represents a power supply unit.

The state detection system 1006 is constructed with a measuring mechanism 102, a storage mechanism 103, an arithmetic mechanism 104, a communication mechanism 105, a first correction mechanism 106, and a second correction mechanism 107. On the other hand, the power supply unit 1007 is constructed with a series circuit in which most of the power storage mechanisms 101 are connected in series, and the information discharge device 1006.

Both ends of the serial circuit of the power storage mechanism 101 are connected to the control converter 1004. The control converter 1004 is further connected to a commercial power source 1001, a photovoltaic generating device 1002, and a load device 1003 via a switch 1005, respectively. On the other hand, under the control of the main control unit (MCU) that controls the converter 1004, the photovoltaic generator 1002 and the load device 1003 are switched by the switch 1005. At the same time, the command from the state detection device 1005 is connected through the two-way communication between the communication device 105 and the MCU.

The photovoltaic generating device is a device that converts sunlight into direct current by solar energy, and outputs an alternating current power by a conversion device. On the other hand, the load device 1003 is household electronic equipment, such as a gas machine, refrigerator, electric stove, lighting, etc., an electronic equipment, such as a motor, elevator, computer, medical equipment, etc., or a secondary power supply unit. Then, the control converter 1004 is a charging and discharging device, which converts AC current power into DC current power or DC current power into AC current power, and also acts as a controller to control charging and discharging, and control such as photovoltaic generation Equipment 1002, load device 1003, and other equipment.

Here, the switch 1005 can be used in combination with these devices. On the other hand, the power supply unit according to the present invention can be connected to devices other than those mentioned above. With the equipment shown, when the sufficient power required by the load device 1003 cannot be provided from the commercial power source 1001 or the photovoltaic generator 1002, the power is provided from the power storage mechanism through the control converter 1004. On the other hand, when the power from the commercial power source 1001 or the photovoltaic generating device 1002 exceeds, the excess power is stored in the power storage mechanism 101 via the control converter 1004.

In these operations, the state detecting device 1007 can state the state of the power storage mechanism 101 through each of the first to sixth embodiments or a combination thereof. For its combination, the deductive method can be used. On the other hand, the result of the status detection is sent to the control converter 1004 as the status of the power storage mechanism 101 or allowable charging and discharging currents, etc. The control converter 1004 controls charging and discharging accordingly. In particular, since the state detection device 1007 can perform high-precision state detection, the power storage mechanism 101 can be used safely and efficiently.

On the other hand, in the illustrated embodiment, it is possible to reduce the lower contract requirements or power consumption of the commercial power supply 1001 and reduce the grading power by the photovoltaic generating device 1002 to allow investment reduction or operating costs. When the power consumption is concentrated to a specific time range, the power is supplied from the power supply unit to the commercial power supply 1001, and in the time range where the power consumption is small, the power is accumulated in the power supply unit to absorb the concentration of power consumption and reduce the power consumption. Equal consumption. Furthermore, the control converter 1004 monitors the power consumption of the load device 1003 and controls the load device 1003. Therefore, power saving and efficient use of power can be achieved. As mentioned above, with the embodiment shown, the state detection method uses a high accuracy and uses a small amount of characteristic data to calculate the state detection system of the power storage mechanism, and the power supply unit, using the distribution of the system Type power storage device can be realized.

(Eighth embodiment)

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an embodiment of a tram in which the state detection system and power supply unit according to the present invention will be used. In FIG. 9, the code 1101 represents a motor generator, and 1102 represents a DC load device. The motor generator 1101 is connected to a plurality of serial-connected circuits of the power storage mechanism 101 via a control converter 1004. The motor generator 1101 is directly coupled to a wheel in the case of an electric car. In the case of hybrid electric vehicles, an internal combustion engine is further coupled to assist starting or driving force (electric operation) and generation (regeneration). In electric power operation, electric power is supplied from the power supply unit 1007 to the motor generator 1101. In the regeneration, electric power is supplied from the motor generator 1101 to the power supply unit 1007.

On the other hand, the DC load device 1102 is an electronic load, such as a solenoid valve, an audio unit, etc., or a secondary power supply unit. The direct current load device 1102 is connected to the serial connection circuit of the power storage mechanism via the switch 1005.

Even in the illustrated embodiment, the state detecting device 1007 may adopt the first to sixth embodiments or a combination thereof, respectively. Through the communication mechanism, the state of the power storage mechanism 101 or the control amount of the allowable charging and discharging current is fed to the control converter 1004 so that the control converter can control charging and discharging accordingly. In particular, since the state detection device 1007 can perform high-precision state detection, the power storage mechanism 101 can be used safely and effectively.

In this way, a hybrid electric car that can assist the torque of the internal combustion engine at the start and can accumulate kinetic energy by converting it into electric power can be realized.

By using the present invention, the correction information obtained by the predetermined arithmetic operation is fed back to perform subsequent calculations and the stored information for calculations to perform the correction, which can provide high performance even when the amount of characteristic data used for calculation is small. Accurately detect the state of charge or health state detection system such as the power storage mechanism, the power storage device and the electric car using the device.

Schematic description

The present invention is further understood through the above detailed description and the accompanying drawings of preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, these descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention, but only for explanation and understanding.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power supply unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the calculation program of the power supply unit according to the present invention;

3 is a block diagram showing the equivalent circuit of the power storage mechanism according to the present invention;

4 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the SOC of the power storage mechanism and the allowable charging and discharging current according to the present invention;

5 is a schematic diagram showing the voltage variation during charging under the action of pulse current of the power storage mechanism according to the present invention;

6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power supply unit according to the present invention;

7 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between OCV and SOC of the power storage mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of distributed solar power storage using the state detection system and power supply unit according to the present invention;

9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an automatic vehicle applying the state detection system and power supply unit according to the present invention; and

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a traditional residual capacity prediction method.

Symbol description of main components

101. . . Electricity Storage Agency

102. . . Measuring mechanism

103. . . Storage organization

104. . . Arithmetic agency

105. . . Communication agency

106. . . First amendment agency

107. . . Second amendment agency

301. . . Electromotive force

302. . . Internal resistance

303. . . impedance

304. . . Capacitive component

701. . . Calculation program A

702. . . Calculation program B

703. . . Correction calculation program

1001. . . Commercial power supply

1002. . . Photovoltaic generating equipment

1003. . . Load device

1004. . . Control converter

1005. . . switch

1006. . . Status detection device

1007. . . Power supply

1101. . . Motor generator

1102. . . Photovoltaic generating equipment