Lubricant oil blend

(54) NAME Lubricating oil for use in the crankcase of an internal combustion engine and using the lubricating oil to reduce fuel consumption (56) Published Publications: SE, B 417 612 (C10M 1/54) US, A 3 117 086 (252-46.7) US, A 3 347 790 (252-32.5) US, A 3 562 159 (252-32.7) US, A 3 933 659 (252-32.7E) (57) Summary:

Lubricating oils, which contain boric acid-treated fatty acid esters of glycerol, have been shown to reduce fuel consumption in an internal combustion engine.

DB 847289

Figures in brackets indicate international identification code, INID code Letters in clamps indicate international document code

456 744

The present invention relates to lubricant composition positions and their use for reducing fuel consumption in internal combustion engines. In particular, it relates to crankcase lubricating oil compositions, which compositions contain a⁵ boric acid treated fatty acid ester of glycerol as a friction reducing agent.

With the crisis, associated with a reduction in fossil fuel volumes and the rapidly rising prices for this fuel, there has been considerable interest in reducing the amount of fuel consumed by automobile engines and 1-burning.

Thus, there is a great need to find lubricants, which reduce the total friction in the engine, thus reducing the energy requirements.

US Patent 4,201,684 teaches lubricating oils containing sulfurized fatty acid amides, esters or ester amides of alkoxylated amides which reduce the friction between sliding metal surfaces in internal combustion engines.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,167,486 teaches lubricating oils which contain certain double-bond acid esters or the dimer or trimer of such acid esters. Reductions in fuel consumption in an internal combustion engine are claimed by using the lubricating oils in the engine crankcase.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,151,077 teaches the use of boric acid-treated monoacylated trimethylol alkanes such as motor fuel and lubricating kits. The additives are taught to reduce the extent of surface ignition in an internal combustion engine and to prevent the build-up of carburetor deposits.

U.S. Patent 2,795,548 teaches the use of lubricating oil compositions containing boric acid treatment with glycerol monooleate.

The engine compositions were used in the crankcase of an internal combustion engine to reduce the oxidation of the oil and corrosion of the metal parts of the engine.

456 744 ₂

As far as is known, no attempt has been made to produce a balanced prepared lubricating oil composition, such as that described herein, which has not only improved oxidation and corrosion inhibiting properties but also improved dispersion, abrasion and friction properties.

Most importantly, it has been found that lubrication of the crankcase of an internal combustion engine with a lubricating oil containing a boric acid-treated fatty acid ester of glycerol reduces engine fuel consumption.

According to the present invention, lubricating oils are provided which reduce the friction between sliding metal surfaces in the crankcase to internal combustion engines. The reduced friction results from the addition to the lubricating oil of small amounts of a boric acid-treated fatty acid ester of glycerol.

Other additives are also present in the lubricating oil to obtain a proper balance of properties, such as dispersion, corrosion, abrasion and oxidation, which are critical to the proper operation of an internal combustion engine.

Thus, the present invention is directed to a lubricating oil, prepared for use in the crankcase of an internal combustion engine for the purpose of reducing the fuel consumption of the engine, which lubricating oil comprises:

(a) a principal amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and (b) an amount of each of the following compounds:

1st from 1 to 20% by weight of a polyisobutenylsuccinimide of a polyalkylene polyamine, or a polyisobutenylsuccinate of a polyhydric alcohol, wherein the polysysobutenyl group contains from 30 to 250 carbon atoms, the polyalkylene polyamine contains up to Θ alkylene radicals and 9 amino radicals,

2nd from 0.1 to 4% by weight of a group metal salt

II of a dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid wherein each hydrocarbyl group contains from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and may be the same or different and may be aromatic, alkyl or cycloalkyl,

456 744

3rd from 0.3 to 10% by weight of an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl sulfonate which is neutral or with a base excess of base number up to 400 and wherein the hydrocarbyl group is aliphatic, aromatic or alkyl aromatic having at least 20 carbon atoms,

4th from 0.2 to 27% by weight of an alkali or alkaline earth metal alkylated phenolate which is neutral or with base excess, or mixtures thereof with a base number up to 200 to 300 and wherein the alkyl radical contains from 4 to 30 carbon atoms and

5th from 0.1 to 5% by weight of a borated fatty acid ester of glycerol, wherein the fatty acid ester is prepared from Cg to C22 fatty acids or mixtures thereof.

In addition, the use of the present lubricating oil is intended to reduce the fuel consumption of an internal combustion engine by treating the moving surfaces thereof with the present lubricating oil.

Addition from 0.1 to 5 weight percent, and preferably 0.5 to 2 weight percent, of a glycerol boric acid-treated fatty acid ester to a crankcase lubricating oil significantly improves the combustion engine fuel economy. In particular, improvements in fuel cost per mile of on average from 2 to 4% have been observed in engine tests. This fuel economy improvement can be obtained in both compression ignition engines, ie diesel engines, and spark ignition engines, ie gasoline engines.

The boric acid-treated fatty acid esters of glycerol are prepared by treating a fatty acid ester of glycerol with boric acid while removing the reaction water. Suitably, enough boron is present so that each boron will react with from 1.5 to 2.5 hydroxyl groups present in the reaction mixture.

The reaction can be carried out at a temperature in the range of 60-135 ° C, in the absence or presence of any suitable organic solvent, such as methanol, benzene, xylenes, toluene, neutral oil and the like.

456 744

Glycerol fatty acid esters can be prepared by a variety of methods well known in the art. Many of these esters, such as glycerol monooleate and glyceol tallow acid ester, are manufactured on a commercial scale. The esters useful for the present invention are oil-soluble and are preferably prepared from C_O to C fatty acids or mixtures thereof, ΰ 22 such as those found in natural products. The fatty acid may be saturated or unsaturated. Some compounds found in acids from natural sources may include lactic acid, which contains a keto group. Most suitable Cg to 2121 ^^eAcidic acids are those of the formula R-COOH, wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl.

The fatty acid monoester of glycerol is suitable, however, mixtures of mono- and diesters can be used. Conveniently, each mixture of mono- and diester contains at least 40% of the monoester. Most preferably, mixtures of mono- and diesters of glycol contain from 40 to 60% by weight of the monoester. For example, commercial glycerol monooleate contains a mixture of from 45 to 55% by weight of monoester and from 55% to 45% diester.

Suitable fatty acids are oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, palmitolic acid, linoleic acid, lauric acid, linolenic acid □ ch eleostearic acid and the acids from the natural products sebum, palm oil, olive oil, peanut oil, maize oil, clove oil and the like.

A particularly suitable acid is oleic acid.

The lubricating oils to which the boric acid-treated fatty acid esters of glycerol are added contain an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl sulfonate, an alkali or alkaline earth metal aliphenolate, metal salt C group ID dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate and an alkenyl succinimide or mixtures thereof.

The alkali or alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl sulfonates may be either petroleum sulfonate, synthetically alkylated aromatic sulfonates or aliphatic sulfonates such as those derived from polyisobutylene. One of the more important functions of the sulfonates is to act as a detergent and

456 744 dispersant. These sulfonates are well known in the art. The hydrocarbyl group must have a sufficient number of carbon atoms to make the sulfonate molecule oil soluble. Preferably, the hydrocarbon moiety has at least 20 carbon atoms and may be aromatic or aliphatic, but is usually alkyl aromatic. Most suitable for use are calcium, magnesium or barium sulfonates, which are aromatic in character.

Some sulfonates are typically prepared by sulfonating one ¹⁰ petroleum fraction with aromatic groups, usually mono- or di-alkylbenzene groups, and then form the metal salt of the sulfonic acid material. Other feed materials used to prepare these sulfonates include synthetically alkylated benzenes and aliphatic hydrocarbons prepared by polymerizing a mono- or diolefin, e.g., a polyisobutenyl group, prepared by polymerizing isobutylene. The metallic salts are formed directly by metates using well known methods.

The sulfonates may be neutral or with base excess with base numbers up to about 400 or more. Carbon dioxide is the most commonly used metarial to generate the basic sulfonates or sulfonates with base excess. Mixtures of sulfonates which are neutral or with excess base may be used. The sulfonates are usually used to provide from 0.3 to 10% by weight of the total composition. Suitably, the neutral sulfonates are present in from 0.4 to 5% by weight of the total composition and the base excess sulfonates are present in from 0.3 to 3% by weight of the total composition.

The phenolates for use in the present invention are the conventional products which are the alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of alkylated phenols. One of the functions of the phenolates is to act as a detergent or dispersant. Among other things, it prevents the deposition of contaminants formed under high operating temperature of the engine. The phenols may be mono- or polyalkylated.

456 744

The alkyl portion of the alkyl phenolate is present to provide oil solubility to the phenolate. The alkyd moiety can be obtained from naturally occurring or synthetic sources · Naturally occurring sources include petroleum hydrocarbons, such as technical white oil and wax. When derived from petroleum, the hydrocarbon moiety is a mixture of various hydrocarbyl groups, whose specific compositions depend on the particular oil material used as a starting material. Suitable synthetic sources include various commercially available alkenes and alkane derivatives which, when reacted with phenol, yield an alkyl phenol. Suitable radicals obtained include butyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl, eicosyl, tricontyl and the like. Other suitable synthetic sources for the alkyl radical include olefin polymers such as polypropylene, polybutylene, polyisobutylene and the like.

The alkyl group may be straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated (if unsaturated, it preferably contains no more than 2 and usually no more than 1 site of olefinic unsaturation). The alkyl radicals will usually contain from 4 to 30 carbon atoms. Typically, when the phenol is monoalkyl-substituted, the alkyl radical should contain at least 8 carbon atoms. The phenolate may be sulfurized if desired. It can be either neutral or with base excess and if it has base excess it will have a base number of up to 200 to 300 or more. Mixtures of neutral or base excess phenol ether may be used.

The phenolates are usually present in the oil to provide from 0.2 to 27% by weight of the total composition. Conveniently, the neutral phenolates are present from 0.2 to 9% by weight of the total composition and the base excess phenolates are present from 0.2 to 13% by weight of the total composition. Most preferably, the base excess phenolates are present from 0.2 to 5% by weight of the total composition. Suitable metals are calcium, magnesium, strontium or barium.

The sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkyl phenolates are suitable. These salts are obtained by a variety of methods, such as treating the neutralization product of an alkaline earth metal base and an alkyl phenol with sulfur. Generally, the sulfur, in elemental form, is added to the neutralization product and reacted at elevated temperatures to produce the sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkyl phenol.

If more alkaline earth metal base was added during the neutralization reaction than was necessary to neutralize the phenol, a basic sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkyl phenolate was obtained. See, for example, the process of Walker et al., U.S. Patent No. 2,680,096. Further basicity can be obtained by adding carbon dioxide to the basic sulfurized alkaline earth metal metal alkyl phenolate. The excess alkaline earth metal base can be added after the sulfurization step, but is preferably added at the same time as the alkaline earth metal base is added to neutralize the phenol.

Carbon dioxide is the most commonly used material to generate basic phenolates or phenol ether with excess base. A process in which basic sulfurized alkaline earth metalalkylphenolates are generated by adding carbon dioxide is disclosed in Hanneman, U.S. Patent No. 3,178,368.

Group II mineral salts of dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acids exhibit abrasion, antioxidant and thermal stability properties. Group II heteroaryl salts of phosphorodithioic acids have been described previously. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,390,080, columns 6 and 7, wherein these compounds and their preparation are generally described. Suitably, the Group II metal salts of dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acids useful in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contain from about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms in each of the hydrocarbyl radicals and may be the same or different and may be aromatic, alkyl or cycloalkyl. Suitable hydrocarbyl groups are alkyl groups containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms and are represented by butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, hexyl, isohexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl and the like. The metals suitable for forming these salts include barium, calcium, strontium, zinc and cadmium, of which zinc is suitable.

Conveniently, the Group II metal salt of a dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid has the following formula:

456 744 ^R2 ° x_p^ S r₃(T ^xs ~_M] mi

e. Rg and R3 each independently represent hydrocarbyl radicals such as those described above, and

f. Mi denotes a Group II metal cation such as those described above.

The dithiophosphorus salt is present in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention in an amount effective to prevent abrasion and oxidation of the lubricating oil. The amount ranges from about 0.1 to about 4% by weight of the total composition, preferably the salt is present in an amount ranging from about 0.2 to about 2.5% by weight of the total lubricating oil composition. The final lubricating oil composition will usually contain 0.025 to 0.25 weight percent phosphorus and preferably 0.05 to 0.15 weight percent.

Polyisobutenylsuccinimide or succinate or mixtures thereof are present to act, inter alia, as a dispersant and prevent the formation of deposits formed during engine operation. The polyisobutenyl succinimides and succinates are well known in the art. The alkenylsuccinimides are the reaction product of a polyolefin polymer substituted succinic anhydride with an amine, preferably a polyalkylene polyamine, and the alkenyl succinates are the reaction product of a polyolefin polymer substituted succinic anhydride containing 2 The polyolefin polymer-substituted succinic anhydrides are obtained by reaction of a polyolefin polymer or a derivative thereof with maleic anhydride. The succinic anhydride thus obtained is reacted with amine or hydroxy compound. The preparation of the alkenylsuccinimides has been described many times in the art. See, e.g., US PS

390 082, 3,219,666 and 3,172,892. The preparation of the alkenyl succinates has also been described in the art. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,381,022 and 3,522,179.

456 744

Particularly good results are obtained with the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention when the alkenyl succinimide or succinate is a polyisobutene substituted succinic anhydride.^rid of a polyalkylene polyamine and polyhydric alcohol respectively. The polyisobutene from which the polyisobutene-substituted succinic anhydride is obtained by polymerizing the isobutene can vary widely in its compositions. The average number of carbon atoms can range from 30 or less to 250 or more, with a obtained average molecular weight of about 400 or less to 30D0 or more. Preferably, the average carbon atoms per polyisobutene molecule will range from about S0 to about 100 with the polyisobutene having a numerical average molecular weight of about 600 to about 1,500. More preferably, the average number of carbon atoms per polyisobutene molecule ranges from about 60 to about 90 and the numeric average molecular weight ranges from about 800 to 1 300. Polyisobutylene is reacted with maleic anhydride according to well known methods to yield polyisobutyl substituted succinic anhydride in exchange.

In preparing aY alkenyl succinimide, the substituted succinic anhydride is reacted with a polyalkylene polyamine to yield the corresponding succinimide. Each alkylene radical in the polyalkylene polyamine usually has up to about 1 5 carbon atoms. The number of alkylene radicals can range up to about 8. The alkylene radical is exemplified by ethylene, propylene, butylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene, octamethylene, etc. The number of amino groups is usually but not necessarily greater than the number of alkylene radicals present in the amine, ie if a polyalkylene polyamine contains 3 alkylene radicals, it will usually contain 4 amino radicals. The number of amino radicals can range up to about 9. Preferably, the alkylene radical contains from about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms and all amine groups are primary or secondary. In this case, the number of amine groups exceeds the number of alkyl groups by 1. Preferably, the polyalkylene polyamine contains from 3 to 5 amine groups. Specific examples of polyalkylene polyamines include ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, propylenediamine, tripropylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, trimethylenediamine, pentaethylenehexamine, di (trimethylene) triamine n, tri (hexamethylene) tetramine, etc.

456 744

Preferably, the alkenylsuccinimides used in the compositions of the present invention have the following formula:

<img file="SE456744B_D0001.tif" />

: H, -C. A² % wherein

a. R is a alkenyl group, preferably a substantially saturated hydrocarbon produced by polymerization of aliphatic monaolefins. Preferably, R 1 is prepared from isobutene and has an average carbon atom and a numerical mean molecular weight as described above;

b. The alkyl radical represents essentially a hydrocarbyl group containing up to about 8 carbon atoms and preferably containing from about 2-4 carbon atoms as described above;

c. A represents a hydrocarbyl group, an amine-substituted hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen. The hydrocarbyl group and the amine-substituted hydrocarbyl groups are usually alkyl- and amino-substituted alkyl analogs of the above-described alkylene radicals. Suitably A denotes hydrogen;

d. n denotes an integer from about 1 to 10, and preferably from 3-5.

Alkenylsuccinimide may be reacted with boric acid or a similar boron-containing compound to form boric acid-treated dispersing agents using the present invention. The boric acid-treated succinimides are intended to be included within the scope of the term alkenylsuccinimide.

The alkenyl succininates are those of the above-described succinic anhydride with hydroxy compounds which may be aliphatic compounds such as polyhydric alcohols.

The alcohols from which the esters can be derived preferably contain up to about 40 aliphatic carbon atoms. The polyhydric alcohols suitably contain from 2 to about 10 hydroxy radicals. They are illustrated with, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, tributylene glycol and other alkylene glycols in which the alkylene radical contains from 2

456 744 to about 8 carbon atoms. Other useful polyhydric alcohols include glycerol, monooleate of glycerol, monomethyl ether of glycerol, pentaerythritol, 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid, methyl ester of 9,1O-dihydroxystearic acid, 1,2-butanediol, 2,3-hexanediol, 2,4-hexanediol, pinacol , erythritol, arabitol, sorbitol, mannitol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol and xylene glycol.

A particularly suitable group of polyhydric alcohols are those having at least three hydroxy radicals, some of which have been esterified with a monocarboxylic acid having from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms such as octanoic, oleic, stearic, linoleic, dodecanoic or tall oleic acids. Examples of such partially esterified polyhydric alcohols are molooleate of sorbitol, distearate of sorbitol, monooleate of glycerol, monostearate of glycerol, di-dodecanoate of erythritol.

The esters may also be derived from unsaturated alcohols such as allyl alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol, propargyl alcohol, 1-cyclohexen3-ol, an oleyl alcohol. Still other groups of the alcohols capable of yielding the esters of the present invention include the ether alcohols and amino alcohols including, for example, oxy-alkylene, oxy-arylene, amino-alkylene and amino-arylene-substituted alcohols. alkylene, aminoalkylene or amino-arylene, oxy-arylene radicals. They are exemplified by Cellosol v, carbitol, phenoxyethanol, heptylphenyl (oxypropylene&gt; 6-H, octyl (oxyethylene), H-phenyl (oxioctylene&gt; 2 amino-ethanol, 3-amino-ethylpentanol, di (hydroxyethyl ylamine, p-aminophenol, ti-hydroxypropylamine, N-hydroxyethylethylenediamine, Ν, Ν, Ν ', Ν'trahydroxytrimethylenediamine and the like. For the most part, the ether alcohols of up to about 150 oxyalkylene radicals in which the alkylene radical contains from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms are suitable.

The esters may be diesters of succinic or acidic esters, i.e. partially esterified succinic acids, as well as partially esterified polyhydric alcohols or phenols, i.e. esters but free alcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl radicals. Mixtures of the above illustrated esters are also contemplated within the scope of the present invention.

456 744

<img file="SE456744B_D0002.tif" />

The alkenyl buccates may be reacted with boric acid or a similar boron-containing compound to form boric acid-treated dispersants useful in the present invention. Such boric acid-treated succinates are described in U.S. Patent No. 3,533,945. The boric acid-treated succinates are intended to be included within the scope of the term alkenyl succinate.

Polyisobutenylsuccinimide and succinate are present in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention in an amount effective to act as a dispersant and prevent the deposition of impurities formed in the oil during engine operation. The amount of polyisobutenylsuccinimide and succinate can range from about 1 to about 20% by weight of the total butter jol jecoin position. Conveniently, the amount of polyisobutenylsuccinimide or succinate present in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention ranges from about 1 to about 10% by weight of the total composition.

The finished lubricating oil can be singlegrade or multigrade. Multigrade lubricating oils are prepared by adding viscosity index (VI) improvers. Typical viscosity index improvers are polyalkyl methacrylates, ethylene propylene copolymers, styrene diene copolymers and the like. So-called decorated VI enhancers with both viscosity index and dispersant properties are also suitable for use in the formulations of the present invention.

The lubricating oil used in the compositions of the present invention may be mineral oil or viscosity synthetic oils suitable for use in the crankcase of an internal combustion engine. Crankcase lubricating oils typically have a viscosity of about 1300 mm 2 / s -17, δ C ° to 22.7 mm 3 / s at 99 ° C. The lubricating oils can be derived from synthetic or natural sources. Mineral oil for use as a base oil in the present invention comprises paraffinic, naphthenic and other oils commonly used in lubricating oil compositions. Synthetic oils include both hydrocarbon synthetic oils and synthetic esters. Useful synthetic hydrocarbon oils include liquid polymers of alfalfa olefins of the correct viscosity. Particularly useful are the hydrogenated liquid oligomers of C_r Alpha-olefins such as 1-decene trimer.

o LZ

456 744

Likewise, alkylbenzenes of appropriate viscosity, such as didodecylbenzene, may be used. Useful synthetic esters include the esters of both monocarboxylic acid and polycarboxylic acids as well as monohydroxy alkanols and polyols. Typical examples are didodeoyl adipate, pentaerythritol tetracaproate, diethylhexyl adipate, dilauryl sebacate and the like. Complex esters prepared from mixtures of mono- and dicarboxylic acids and mono- and dihydroxyalkanols can also be used.

Mixtures of hydrocarbon oils with synthetic oils are also useful. For example, mixtures of 10 to 25 weight percent hydrogenated 1-decentrimer with 75 to 90 weight percent 150 SUS (37.8 ° C) mineral oil provide an excellent lubricating oil base.

Additive concentrates are also included within the scope of the present invention. In the concentrate form, the boric acid-treated fatty acid of glycerol is present at a concentration ranging from 5 to 50% by weight.

Other additives which may be present in the formulation include rust inhibitors, foam inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, methane deactivators, high point depressants, antioxidants and a variety of other well known additives.

The following examples are given to illustrate the invention in particular.

Example 1

Preparation of boric acid-treated glycerol monooleate

To a mixture containing 125.23 g of glycerol monooleate (45 to 55% by weight) and glycerol dioleate (55 to 45% by weight) was added 30.92 g of boric acid and 250 ml of xylene. The reaction mixture was heated to 99 ° to 141 ° C for about 9 / 2 hours under nitrogen under azeotropic conditions. 17.6 ml of water was collected by a Dean Stark trap. The reaction product was filtered and evaporated on a rotary evaporator under vacuum

456 744 to 135 ° C to yield 128.35 g. Analysis: boron 2.42% and 2.52% hydroxyl number 32 mg KOH / g. Infrared spectroscopy analysis of the product does not show any glycerol-type free hydroxyl stretch but has strong BO-H bonding and, practically, no BOB-type absorption.

Example 2

Tests were performed showing improvements in fuel economy obtained by adding fuel oil compositions of the present invention to the crankcase of an automobile engine.

A. In this test, the Ford 302 CID 2.3-liter engines were run under constant working power conditions with lubricating oils with or without the glycerol-borne fatty acid esters.

The engines were run on dynamometers under conditions that simulated 8B, 5 km per hour under approximate road load. This experiment was repeated several times under constant conditions with the base oil and then several times with the same □ Ija, which contained 2% by weight of the boric acid-treated glyceroleate prepared according to Example 1. The oil compositions of the present invention, which contained the boric acid-treated glycerol oleate, were found to reduce fuel consumption in the engine by an average of 2.1% (average of three trials).

B. In this experiment, a 350 CID Oldsmobile engine was run on a dynamometer. An engine lubrication system was devised to provide proper lubrication to the engine and also to provide the ability to change the oil without stopping the engine. Mainly, a dry container with an external pump was used which provided lubrication to the engine. This punp is connected through valves to four outer containers. The setting of the valves was determined by the oil used.

This experiment was repeated several times under constant conditions in 40 countries with base oil and then with the same oil containing

456 744

0.5, 1 and 2% by weight of the boric acid-treated glycerol oleate prepared according to Example 1. The percent improvements in fuel economy using the compositions of the present invention compared to the base oil are shown in Table I.

Table 1

Fuel economy above baseline concentrations in samples

Concentration X improvement (Weight percent)

0,5

2,4

4.1

3.2

The comparisons in the above-described experiments were made with fully prepared Chevron 20N / 80N oil containing 3.5% of a polyisobutenylsuccinimide of tetraethylene pentamine, 30 mmol / kg magnesium hydrocarbyl sulfonate with base excess, 20 mmol / kg sulfurylated calcium sulphate sulfurized zinc-O, O-di (2-ethylhexyl) dithiophosphate and 5.5% of a polymethacrylate-based VI enhancer.

Also prepared crankcase oils, each containing 2% by weight of boric acid-treated glycerol mono-oleic acid ester, boric acid-treated glycerol monostearate and boric acid-treated glycerol monolaurate in place of boric acid-treated glycerol oleate in the above formulation, are effective in reducing the amount of fuel used to reduce fuel consumption.

Example 3

Prepared oils similar to those used in Example 2 and containing 1% of the compound prepared according to Example 1 were prepared and tested in a Sequence IIID experimental method.

456 744 (according to ASTM Special Technical Publication 315H).

The purpose of this test is to determine the effect of the additives on the oxidation rate of the oil and abrasion of the cam and lifter in the valve system of an internal combustion engine at relatively high temperatures (about 149 ° C oil temperature during testing).

In this experiment, an Oldsmobile 350 CID engine was run under the following conditions:

Runs at 3000 rpm, running time for 64 hours and 45.4 kg load;

Air / fuel * ratio = 16.5 liters, using * GMR Reference^,,-fuel (lead);

Setting = 31 below the top dead center;

Temperature = 148.9 ° C;

Coolant temperature in = 112.8 ° C - out 118.3 ° C;

0.762 m water back pressure at blowout;

Flow rate of mantle coolant = 227.4 dm / min;

Flow rate of coolant in valve cover = 11.3 dm 2 / min; Humidity must be maintained at 4.80 gb

Air temperature was adjusted at the inlet to equal 26.7 ° C; “Blowby Breather heat exchanger at 37.8 ° C.

The effect of the additive is fed after 64 hours in terms of wear of camshaft and lifter and% viscosity increase. The results are given in the following table.

456 744

Table 2

<td colspan="4">Sequence IIID testing</td>

<td>Preparation Wear on</td><td>comb + lifter</td><td>viscosity</td><td>viscosity</td>

<td></td><td> -6</td><td></td><td></td>

<td>X</td><td>10 m</td><td>% increase</td><td>the increase in%</td>

<td>SF Spec.</td><td>SF Spec.</td><td>at 40 hours</td><td>at 64 hours</td>

<td>(Max 8)</td><td>(With 4)</td><td></td><td></td>

<td>Base</td><td> 175,3</td><td> 101,6</td><td> 179</td><td>Too viscous to measure</td>

<td>Bass + 1% compound prepared according to Example 1</td><td> 53,3</td><td> 46,6</td><td> 177</td><td>II</td>

<img file="SE456744B_D0003.tif" />

456 744

S