Untitled record

Full description

Sister Ar'a's background

The invention relates to systems and methods for hardening composite materials in general, and specifically to systems and methods that control the water content of the composite material during hardening.

Curing chambers in many material systems are known in the art, including curing chambers

<p dir="rtl">5 Adapted to deal with materials that undergo certain chemical reactions. Some of the problems associated with conventional curing chambers include their cost, their limitations in operating conditions and positions, and the precision with which the curing process can be controlled.</p>

There is a need for solidification chambers and methods that offer versatility, accuracy and low cost.

Japanese patent No. 2006143531 relates to a hardening device capable of hardening a hardened product.

<p dir="rtl">10 Such as a concrete product or a mortar product, for example, while improving the properties of the hardened product by using a modified body such as carbon dioxide gas.</p>

French patent No. 2121975 relates to a method and device for treating concrete blocks with carbon dioxide.

International Patent No. 2009078430 relates to a carburizing hardening device that can be maintained at any required concentration of carbon dioxide exceeding 20%, wherein the carburizing hardening device has an armored compartment in which it is placed

<p dir="rtl">15 The hardened cement body is isolated from the external atmosphere.</p>

General description of the invention

In one aspect, the invention describes a hardening system for hardening a material which requires carbon dioxide as a curing reagent. The material does not harden in the absence

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Carbon dioxide. The material does not consume water as a reagent. The curing system includes a curing chamber configured to contain a material that consumes carbon dioxide as a reactant (or reagent) and does not solidify in the absence of carbon dioxide. The curing chamber includes at least one opening configured to allow the material to be introduced into the curing chamber and to be removed from room

<p dir="rtl">5 solidification, and having at least one orifice connector, the connector being configured to provide an atmospheric seal when closed to prevent (or to limit to a harmless level) contamination of the gas in the solidification chamber by gas outside the solidification chamber; a carbon dioxide source configured to provide gas carbon dioxide into the solidification chamber via a gas entry port In the solidification chamber, a carbon dioxide source having at least one flow regulating device configured</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 To control the flow rate of gaseous carbon dioxide in the solidification chamber; A gas flow subsystem configured to circulate gas through the solidification chamber during a period of time when the material consumes carbon dioxide as the reactant solidifies; A temperature control subsystem configured to control the temperature of the gas in the room; A secondary humidity control subsystem configured to control...</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 Humidity in the gas in the room to increase or decrease the humidity; and at least one controller</p>

connected to at least one carbon dioxide source, gas flow secondary system, temperature control subsystem, and humidity control secondary system; At least one control means is configured to independently control during a period of time when the material consumes carbon dioxide when at least the reactant solidifies, i.e., the flow rate of gaseous carbon dioxide, circulating the gas through a chamber

<p dir="rtl">20 Solidification, gas temperature, and humidity in the gas.</p>

In one aspect, the invention describes a hardening system for hardening a material to be hardened by reaction with carbon dioxide. The hardening system includes a gas conditioning system and a hardening chamber connected together by a gas delivery tube and a gas recovery tube. The hardening chamber is configured to contain the material that will be hardened by reaction with a second

<p dir="rtl">25 carbon oxide; Gas conditioning system including carbon dioxide source, secondary gas flow system, system</p>

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A secondary temperature control subsystem, a humidity control subsystem and a curing process parameters subsystem; The subsystem for controlling the variables of the hardening process includes a control device with a microprocessor configured to run under the control of a set of instructions recorded on a machine-readable medium 5. The first to control the hardening process of the material that will be hardened by reaction with carbon dioxide. .

According to one aspect, it describes the most advanced means of control. The control device includes a microprocessor configured to operate under the control of a set of instructions recorded on a machine-readable medium, the microprocessor when operating under the control of instructions that performs the following steps: controlling the operation of at least one carbon dioxide source, a secondary gas flow system , a secondary 10 degree temperature control system, and a secondary humidity control system; Composition of the process gas flow containing carbon dioxide

To contact a material to be hardened by reaction with carbon dioxide in the process gas; Monitoring at least one variable selected from a set of variables consisting of the elapsed time of flow formation, carbon dioxide concentration, relative humidity, flow rate, temperature, and pressure of the process gas during the process supply; Executing at least one recording of at least one of the monitored variables, broadcasting at least 15 of the monitored variables to a data handling system, or to

At least one exposed variable that is monitored to a user.

In one embodiment, the microprocessor when operating under instruction setting that implements the step of receiving a start command from an external source.

In another embodiment, the microprocessor when operating under instruction setting implements a step of determining whether 20 the hardening chamber has been appropriately loaded.

In yet another embodiment, the microprocessor when operating under set instructions performs a step of determining whether the hardening chamber has been appropriately closed.

In yet another embodiment, the microprocessor when operating under instruction setting performs the step of determining the hardening state of the material to be hardened by reaction with carbon dioxide.

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In another embodiment, the microprocessor, when operating under set instructions that implements a step, monitors at least one variable selected from a set of variables consisting of carbon dioxide concentration, relative humidity, flow rate, temperature, pressure, and flow duration of the process gas where Removing the process gas from contact with the material to be hardened by reaction with carbon dioxide.

<p dir="rtl">5 In yet another embodiment, the microprocessor when operating under set instructions that implements a step of monitoring at least one variable selected from a set of variables consisting of carbon dioxide concentration, relative humidity, flow rate, temperature, and pressure at one or more locations. In the hardening room.</p>

In a further embodiment, the microprocessor when operating under an instruction setting that implements a step input received from a user represents one or more process variables comprising a process step being executed.

<p dir="rtl">10 In another embodiment, the microprocessor when operating under instruction setting implements a register step in a non-volatile machine-readable medium that is input from the user as a step in a process recipe.</p>

In yet another embodiment, the microprocessor when operating under an instruction setting that implements the step of obtaining at least one step of a process recipe recorded on a non-machine readable medium

variable.

<p dir="rtl">15 In one embodiment, the first machine-readable medium and the non-altered machine-readable medium are the same medium.</p>

Accordingly, the invention relates to a secondary gas flow system. The gas flow subsystem includes at least one valve, flow regulator, mass flow controller, blower, and gas delivery structure; 20 The secondary gas flow system is configured to provide process gas involving carbon dioxide as a reagent in fluid contact with a material to be solidified by reaction with the carbon dioxide.

In one embodiment, the secondary gas flow system is compatible with water vapor as well as a process gas including carbon dioxide as a reagent.

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In another embodiment, the secondary gas flow system is compatible with air as well as the process gas including carbon dioxide as a reagent.

In yet another embodiment, the gas conduction structure is incorporated into the material to be hardened by reaction with carbon dioxide.

<p dir="rtl">5 In yet another embodiment, the gas delivery structure is a gas-permeable layer placed adjacent to the material to be hardened by reaction with carbon dioxide.</p>

In another embodiment, the secondary gas flow system also includes a communication port configured to receive control signals from a control device.

In yet another embodiment, the secondary gas flow system also includes a connection hole configured to connect to a means

<p dir="rtl">10 A control signal that encodes at least one carbon dioxide concentration, relative humidity, flow rate,</p>

Temperature and pressure of the process gas.

In an additional embodiment, the secondary gas flow system also includes a gas recovery pipe

.tubulation

In another embodiment, the gas flow secondary system also includes a connection hole configured to connect to a control means

<p dir="rtl">15 A signal that encodes at least one carbon dioxide concentration, relative humidity, flow rate, temperature, and pressure of a gas present in the gas extraction tube.</p>

According to another aspect, the invention relates to a secondary temperature control system. Includes control subsystem

At temperature, at least one selected heater and cooler, the temperature control subsystem is configured.

To control the temperature of the process gas containing carbon dioxide to make the process gas obtain

<p dir="rtl">20 The temperature required before contact with a material to be hardened by reaction with carbon dioxide in the process gas.</p>

In one embodiment, the temperature control subsystem also includes a sensor configured to measure the temperature of the gas.

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In another embodiment, the sensor is a thermocouple.

In yet another embodiment, the temperature control subsystem also includes a sensor configured to measure relative humidity.

In yet another embodiment, the temperature control subsystem further includes a communication slot 5 configured to communicate a signal providing at least one temperature value and relative humidity value to a control means.

In another embodiment, the temperature control subsystem also includes a contact slot configured to receive a control signal from a control means.

In yet another embodiment, the temperature control subsystem is configured to use a control signal to cause at least one selected heater and cooler to operate.

<p dir="rtl">10 According to another aspect, the invention relates to a secondary humidity control system. The secondary humidity control system includes at least one selected water vapor source and a water vapor removal device, the secondary humidity control system being configured to control the humidity of a process gas containing carbon dioxide to cause the process gas to obtain said humidity before coming into contact with a material to be hardened by Reaction with carbon dioxide in the process gas.</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 In one embodiment, the water vapor source includes a water source, a valve and a spray head.</p>

In another embodiment, the water vapor source includes a steam generator.

In yet another embodiment, the steam generator includes a submersible heater.

In another embodiment, the water vapor source includes a bubbler containing water in which gas bubbles are generated.

<p dir="rtl">20 In yet another embodiment, the water vapor removal device is a refrigerant.</p>

In yet another embodiment, the water vapor removal device is a condenser.

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In yet another embodiment, the water vapor removal device is a heat exchanger.

In another embodiment, the secondary humidity control system also includes a humidity sensor configured to measure the relative humidity of the process gas.

In yet another embodiment, the secondary humidity control system also includes a contact slot configured to communicate 5 a signal presenting the relative humidity value to a control device.

In a further embodiment, the secondary humidity control system also includes a communication slot configured to receive a control signal from a control device.

In another embodiment, the secondary humidity control system is configured to use a control signal to cause at least one selected water vapor source and water vapor removal device to operate.

<p dir="rtl">10 According to one aspect, Sister Raa describes the hardening chamber. The solidification chamber includes an enclosure defining an enclosed volume, the container includes a wall configured to contain material to be hardened by reaction with carbon dioxide in the process gas, the container includes a sealable opening configured to allow the material to be hardened to be introduced into the container; An inlet opening configured to allow process gas containing carbon dioxide to enter the container; The outlet opening is configured to allow the process gas to exit the container.</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 In one embodiment, the solidification chamber also includes a blower located in the container, the blower plenum configured to supply the process gas by one or more positions at which the process gas can be injected into the container.</p>

In another embodiment, the blower is configured to control at least one of the flow velocity, flow direction, and flow pattern of the process gas in the container.

<p dir="rtl">20 In yet another embodiment, the blower is configured to direct the flow of process gas at least out of the material to be hardened and to a specified internal path in the material to be hardened.</p>

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In yet another embodiment, the inlet orifice is configured to control at least one flow velocity, flow direction, and flow pattern of the process gas in the container.

In another embodiment, the outlet orifice is configured to control at least one flow velocity, flow direction, and flow pattern of the process gas in the container.

<p dir="rtl">5 In yet another embodiment, the wall is a flexible wall.</p>

In an additional embodiment, the flexible wall is manufactured from one selected plastic, Mylar® and latex.

In another embodiment, the flexible wall includes a coating adapted to obtain thermal energy.

In yet another embodiment, the wall includes a hole covered with a transparent material in the spectral region of interest.

In another embodiment, the at least one sensor is located in the container, the at least one sensor 10 is configured to provide data about at least one process gas property and operating condition in the container.

According to another aspect, the invention relates to the cast-in-place method. The cast-in-situ method includes the steps of: preparing a site at which the material to be hardened is placed by reaction with carbon dioxide in the process gas; Place the process gas delivery structure and the material to be solidified by reaction with carbon dioxide in the prepared position; And gas supply

<p dir="rtl">15 The process to the material to be hardened by the process gas conduction structure for a suitably long period of time to carry out the hardening of the material to be hardened.</p>

In one embodiment, the process gas conduction structure remains with the material to be hardened after the hardening process is complete.

In another embodiment, the cast-in-situ method also includes the step of covering the process gas conduction structure 20 and the material to be hardened by reaction with carbon dioxide after being placed in the prepared position.

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In yet another embodiment, the process gas supply step includes controlling a process gas variable selected from a set of variables consisting of the time elapsed from flow formation, carbon dioxide concentration, relative humidity, flow rate, temperature, and pressure of the process gas during the process gas supply.

In yet another embodiment, the pour-in-place method also includes the step of controlling the amount of water present

5 In the material that will be hardened by reaction with carbon dioxide.

In another embodiment, the step of controlling the amount of water present in the material to be hardened includes removing said water from the material or adding water to the material.

More features, objectives, aspects, properties and features of the invention will become clear from the previous description and from the protection elements.

10

Brief explanation of the drawings

The objects and properties of the invention can best be understood by reference to the figures shown below and the claims. The figures will not necessarily be understood to be to scale, but the focus will instead be on illustrating aspects of the invention. In the figures, the same numbers will be used to indicate the same parts in different scenes.

<p dir="rtl">15 Figure 1 is a block diagram according to one embodiment of a hardening system for use with a carbon dioxide composite material.</p>

Figure 2 is a block diagram according to one embodiment of an alternative hardening system for use with a carbon dioxide composite material.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a hardening chamber suitable for hardening expanded specimens of a composite material

20 Carbon dioxide.

Figure 4 is a view of the solidification chamber according to Figure 3 containing an expanded sample of carbon dioxide composite material to be solidified.

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Figure 5 is a view of the hardening chamber according to Figure 3 when closed to allow hardening to be carried out.

Figure 6 is an image of a blower used to deliver a solidifying atmosphere to a carbon dioxide composite material sample that has an internal circular channel.

Figure 7 is an image of a carbon dioxide composite material sample that has been flow solidified in a 5 internal circular channel.

Figure 8 is an image explaining the difference in reaction depth as a function of flow rate.

Figure 9 is a graph explaining the differences in reaction depth, gas flow in cubic feet per minute, and the amount of water removed from solidified CO2 composite samples in 1-m and 3-m fan systems.

<p dir="rtl">10 Figure 10 is a graph showing data for the water removal rate as a function of flow rate for gases with different relative humidity.</p>

Figure 11 is a process flow diagram explaining the steps in the process of placing and hardening a composite material in an external position.

Figure 12 is an image showing a perforated PVC mesh used to deliver gas to 15 molding sections in place of the previous CO2 composite material.

Figure 13 is an image explaining the previous carbon dioxide composite material that is poured onto the gas delivery system according to Figure 12.

Figure 14 is an image showing a section of the previous carbon dioxide composite material covered with plastic sheeting, which includes a carbon dioxide inlet attached to it.

<p dir="rtl">20 Figure 15 is an image showing gas flow regulators and a flow meter used to control the supply stream of carbon dioxide to the composite material.</p>

Previous carbon sector according to Figure 14.

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Figure 16 is an image showing a hardened section of the previous CO2 composite material after 22 hours using the combined CO2 delivery system according to Figure 12.

Figure 17 is a process flow diagram explaining the steps of placing and hardening a carbon dioxide composite material using a casting-in-situ process.

<p dir="rtl">5 Figure 18 is an image showing a mold that allows carbon dioxide to be delivered into and through a material</p>

Enkavent®

Figure 19 is an image showing a non-hardening carbon dioxide composite material mixture for use in an in situ molding process.

Figure 20 is a picture showing the 1800 mold after casting a carbon dioxide composite material and line 10 connecting the process gas to harden the carbon dioxide composite material with carbon dioxide.

Figure 21 is an image showing a cross-section of a sheet of carbon dioxide composite material after hardening by carbonization.

Figure 22 is a view of a hardening chamber made of elastic material.

Figure 23 is a view of the flexible material installed to form the solidification chamber according to Figure 22.

<p dir="rtl">15 Figure 24 is a view of the clamping method for holding the flexible material of the solidification chamber according to Figure 22 to a rigid support medium.</p>

Figure 25 is a view of another model of a hardening chamber that has some elastic walls and some relatively rigid walls.

Figure 26 is a view of a typical gas handling system that can be used with many 20 hardening chambers.

Figure 27 is a block diagram showing a gas handling system that includes several gas delivery ports and several gas recovery ports.

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Figure 28 is a screenshot of a computer based control system for a hardening chamber showing the layout of the system to be controlled.

Figure 29 is a screenshot of a computer-based control system for a hardening chamber showing the number of components that can be controlled and showing how the values of the variables being measured can be displayed.

<p dir="rtl">5 Figure 30 is a screenshot of a computer-based control system for a hardening chamber showing a recipe screen where variables for several durations or steps in a hardening process are entered by a user or displayed to a user.</p>

Figure 31 is a screenshot of the historical trend report for the hardening process, showing a graph 3100 where curve 3110 represents total carbon dioxide consumed, curve 3120 represents

<p dir="rtl">10 Relative humidity, and the curve 3130 represents temperature.</p>

Detailed description:

The invention relates to methods of curing or “hardening” composite materials by controlling the atmospheric conditions in and around the material in a specified manner; Plus the equipment involved in doing so.

Incorporation by Reference: Any patent, patent application, published patent application 15, journal article, book, published document, or other available material specified in

Description here in this description by reference here. Any such materials or portions thereof that are said to be incorporated herein by reference will be incorporated herein to the extent that they are not inconsistent with the definitions, statements and other disclosure material contained herein. In the event of a discrepancy, the discrepancy will be resolved in favor of the disclosure substance preferred herein.

<p dir="rtl">20 Composite material made of carbon dioxide</p>

The present invention is based in part on the use of materials that undergo solidification in the presence of carbon dioxide that can be supplied in gaseous form and that are believed to be active in dried form (e.g., as a water soluble carbonate derived from H2CO3).

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The solids that result from these processes are collectively called “Composite Materials” or “CO2 Composite CCMs” (“Materials”). The chemical properties and preparation of many types have been described. The carbon dioxide compound is included in numerous patent documents, including US Patent Publication No. 5 20140127450A1, published on May 8, 2014, and US Patent Publication No.

20140127458 A1, published on May 8, 2014.

Carbon dioxide composite materials can exhibit aesthetic optical patterns as well as compressive strength, elastic strength and water absorption similar to those of corresponding natural materials. Carbon dioxide composite materials can be produced using the active gas-based hydrothermal liquid phase sintering (10 HLPS) process at low cost and with greatly improved energy consumption and carbon footprint. In fact, in preferred embodiments of the process, carbon dioxide is consumed as a reactive species resulting in net carbon dioxide capture.

Carbon dioxide composite materials can be produced to exhibit multiple patterns, textures, and other properties such as optical patterns of many colors. Furthermore, the CO15 composite material exhibits compressive strength, elastic strength and water absorption properties similar to conventional concrete. Composite materials can be hardened from carbon dioxide to a point where they are ready for use in time intervals (such as hours) that are often significantly reduced from the times required for traditional concrete curing (such as days to weeks). Furthermore, composite materials can be reduced in carbon dioxide using an energy efficient hydrothermal liquid phase sintering process and can be manufactured at low cost and with a favorable environmental impact. For example, in preferred embodiments of the invention, carbon dioxide is used as a reactive species

Resulting from carbon dioxide capture in carbon dioxide composite materials produced in an incompatible carbon footprint by any existing production technology. The hydrothermal liquid phase sintering process is driven thermodynamically by the free energy of the chemical reaction and the resulting surface energy (area) reduction by crystal growth. Kinematics of the hydrothermal liquid phase sintering process 25 is used at a rational rate at low temperature due to Solution (aqueous or non-aqueous)

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To transport reactive species instead of using a liquid with a high melting point or a solid medium with a high temperature.

Discussions of various aspects of hydrothermal liquid phase sintering can be found in US Patent No. 8,114,367, US Publication No. 0143211/2009 (application serial no.

<p dir="rtl">5 271566/12), US Circular No. 0104469/2011 (application serial number 984299/12),</p>

American Publishing No. 20090142578) asked for the series number 271513/12 (, by the sister -in -law of Araka International No. 102360/2009), American Publication No. 083606/2008 (, Innocent International Staff No. 053598/2011) American Publisher No. 054146/2010 (, Innocent International Struggle No.

090967/2011 (US Circular No. 021623/2011), US order serial no.

<p dir="rtl">10 411218/13 filed March 2, 2012 (Riman et al.), US application with serial number</p>

491098/13 filed June 7, 2012 (Riman et al), Provisional US Patent Application 708423/61 filed October 1, 2012, and Provisional US Patent Application Nos. 709435/61, 709453/61, 709461/61, and 709476/ 61, filed on October 4, 2012, each of which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference as a reference for all purposes.

<p dir="rtl">15 The terms rate-limiting step or rate limiting steps refer to one or more steps that limit or control the time of the carbonation reaction.</p>

Flow is the movement of a gas expressed as velocity and/or volume, using velocity in feet per second (ft/s) or volume in cubic feet per minute (cubic feet per minute).

The term “temperature” or “temperature range” represents one or more of the overall internal temperature regime 20, the gas temperature, and the sample temperature.

The term "relative humidity" represents the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in a gas in a system to the pressure of water in saturated vapor in that gas at a given temperature, which can vary within the system.

The term "CO2 concentration" represents the amount of carbon dioxide in a system divided by the total volume of gas in that system, expressed as a percentage.

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The invention refers to a process that increases the rate of carbonation of a composite material by controlling the drying rate of this material. The process can involve a carbonization duration between 0 and 1000 hours. The process may include a carbon dioxide composite material that has a permeability in the range of 0% and 100%. The process may include a carbon dioxide composite material including a depth of carbonization of the carbon dioxide composite material in the range of 0.5 and 36 inches. The process may include a carbon dioxide composite material where the amount of water removed

of carbon dioxide composite material equal to between 0% and 99% by mass of carbon dioxide composite material.

The invention includes equipment used to create a recirculating gas stream to harden a composite material of carbon dioxide and processes using this equipment to harden a composite material of 10 carbon dioxide. Gas conditioning equipment allows a process to control, reduce or eliminate rate-limiting steps

Associated with the removal of water during the hardening of the composite material. Equipment may include, but is not limited to, controlling temperature, relative humidity, flow rate, pressure, and carbon dioxide concentration in the system; Which includes conditioning equipment, i.e. a container containing a compound of carbon dioxide, and the material itself. Flow rate control can be used as a means of achieving uniformity in both gas speed and composition.

Equipment can include many subsystems. The subsystems may include a hardening chamber, a carbon dioxide source, a secondary gas flow system, a secondary temperature control system, a secondary humidity control system, and a control device connected to at least one of the carbon dioxide sources, the secondary gas flow system, the subsystem. To control temperature, the secondary system controls 20 humidity; At least one control means is configured to be controlled independently during a period of time when it is consumed

The substance is carbon dioxide when the reactant solidifies at least that is, the flow rate of gaseous carbon dioxide, the circulation of the gas through the solidification chamber, the temperature of the gas, and the humidity in the gas.

Hardening chambers

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Many types of hardening chambers and apparatus can be used to harden carbon dioxide composite materials. Some hardening chambers and apparatus may be provided in permanent or semi-permanent facilities, while others may be used for a period of time (e.g., a temporary facility) and some may be used once (e.g., in situ hardening of a carbon dioxide composite material, e.g. at some external location, e.g. Hardening of a composite material

<p dir="rtl">5 Carbon dioxide to form a slab for a track, taxiway, road, landing strip, or support slab for a structure. Figures 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams of hardening system models for use with a carbon dioxide composite material.</p>

In some embodiments, the chamber or container itself may be designed for one or many solidification iterations, or may be designed to last for a large number of solidification iterations. In some models, it will work

<p dir="rtl">10 The relative cost of the chamber compared to the value of the product that hardens as a directive to the materials and road structure of the chamber or container.</p>

A source of carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide can be supplied from any suitable source that can provide adequate quantities of the gas at a sufficiently high purity. In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide source is a gas generated from carbon dioxide

<p dir="rtl">15 liquid carbon dioxide. In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide source is a gas supplied as gas in a high-pressure cylinder. In some embodiments, a source carbon dioxide effluent from a combustion system is processed to provide a purified carbon dioxide supply stream.</p>

Secondary gas flow system

In some embodiments a secondary gas flow system is provided to supply the necessary gases (e.g., dioxide

<p dir="rtl">20 Carbon, water vapor, air, and other possible gases (useful for solidifying a composite material of carbon dioxide. A gas flow system such as components includes one or more valves, flow regulators, mass flow controllers, and blowers appropriate gas flow processes at the required flow rates (e.g., appropriate mass per unit time), required pressures, and desired compositions (e.g., ratios or rates of carbon dioxide to...</p>

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water to air and potentially other gases). The solidification chamber may also include structures that control flow rates and flow directions in the solidification chamber, as well as the physical locations of gas inlets and outlets.

Secondary temperature control system

<p dir="rtl">5 In some embodiments a secondary temperature control system is provided that allows gas having a desired gas temperature to be supplied. The temperature control subsystem can be useful for controlling reaction rates as a function of temperature, as well as optional variables such as relative humidity that have a temperature dependence. The temperature control system may include one or more heaters, one or more coolers, and one or more sensors configured to measure temperature.</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 The gas temperature is at a position, and a communication port is prepared for connection to the control device.</p>

In some embodiments, the communication is unidirectional, such as a communication where the control means sends a control signal to control the temperature control subsystem by causing at least one heater and radiator to operate. In other embodiments, the communication is unidirectional, where the temperature control system sends signals representing temperature and relative humidity variables to the control means. In some embodiments, it can

<p dir="rtl">15 Conveying signals in all directions.</p>

Secondary humidity control system

In some embodiments a secondary humidity control system is provided that allows control of the relative humidity in the process gas used in the system. The secondary humidity control system can be used to add water vapor to the process gas supplied to the solidification chamber if the relative humidity is too low or

<p dir="rtl">20 If one wishes to add water to a carbon dioxide composite material during the solidification process, it can be used to remove water vapor from the process gas that is shown or culled from the solidification chamber if the relative humidity is very high or if one wishes to extract water from A compound of carbon dioxide during the solidification process. For example, the device for adding water vapor can be a water source, a valve, and a spray nozzle or spray nozzle. In another embodiment, the device for adding water vapor</p>

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It is a steam generator. The steam generator can include a submersible heater. In other embodiments, water vapor can be added by creating gas bubbling through a water bubbling method. The device for removing water can be a chiller, condenser or heat exchanger. The secondary humidity control system includes humidity sensors that can measure the reactive humidity of the process gas

<p dir="rtl">5 At various positions in the gas flow systems, such as at a position where the process gas enters or exits the solidification chamber and, as appropriate, at other positions in the solidification chamber or in the secondary gas flow system.</p>

A subsystem for controlling the variables of the hardening process

In some embodiments, a hardening process variable control subsystem (e.g., a control device) 10 is provided to control the process variables for hardening a carbon dioxide composite material including controlling a sequence

Process steps, durations and timings and to record data measured during solidification processes. In several embodiments, the control means connects to at least one carbon dioxide source, a secondary gas flow system, a temperature control subsystem, and a secondary humidity control system. In some embodiments, the control device is connected to sensors that provide data about the process, such as temperature, humidity, rates,

<p dir="rtl">15 Flow, gas pressures, gaseous compositions and the like. The control device is configured to independently control at least any of the flow rate of gaseous carbon dioxide, circulation of the gas through the solidification chamber, temperature of the gas, and humidity of the gas during a period of time when the material consumes carbon dioxide upon solidification of the reactant.</p>

In general, each subsystem can be provided as a reusable model which can be 20 practicably connected to other subsystems, for example using conventional off-the-shelf electrical and mechanical connectors.

In some embodiments, a complete operations and control system can be provided by assembling one or more embodiments of each type of subsystem as required for a particular hardening process. For hardening procedures that are expected to be performed frequently, a complete control and operations system can be provided as a unit. In case of some problems with control and process systems, a quick correction can be made by replacing a subsystem

<p dir="rtl">25 For a malfunctioning component, component repair can be performed "separately," for example, without affecting operation</p>

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Significant hardening for a given hardening process, such that the hardening process can be achieved only with the smallest deviation from the expected process duration. Preferably, carbon dioxide composites lend themselves to the correction process for temporary defects, because the carbon dioxide composite material simply stops hardening when the carbon dioxide concentration is reduced significantly.

<p dir="rtl">5 Noticeable (for example, when there is a lack of carbon dioxide in the gas hardening). This is different from the hardening of conventional concrete, which is initiated by the presence of water (H2O), and which generally cannot be interrupted once the conventional concrete mixture becomes wet.</p>

Returning now to Figure 1, a block diagram is shown according to one embodiment of the hardening system for use with a carbon dioxide composite material. In Figure 1 there is a gas conditioning system 102 and a hardening chamber

<p dir="rtl">10 120 are connected together by a gas delivery tube 140 and a gas extraction tube 142. The system includes</p>

Gas preparation 102 Elements of each carbon dioxide source, a secondary gas flow system, a secondary temperature control system, a secondary humidity control system, and a subsystem for controlling solidification process variables. In the embodiment according to Figure 1, the gas delivery pipe 140 and gas extraction pipe 142 can be of any pipe size, for example a 6-inch diameter metal pipe. A gas source is provided e.g

<p dir="rtl">15 Carbon dioxide supply source 130, and, when needed, other gas sources such as air and/or water vapor. The gas delivery and conditioning system may include a control device 116, such as a PLC (programmable logic controller) or another microprocessor-based control device, such as a general-purpose programmable computer that can operate using a set of instructions recorded on Machine readable medium as shown in Figure 1</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 An exemplary solidification chamber 120 may include a blower 122 configured to provide a gas atmosphere at one or more positions at which gas is injected into the solidification chamber to form a gas flow 124 having desired properties such as flow velocity or flow patterns at a plurality of orifices to the solidification chamber 120. It will be The solidification chamber in some embodiments is as simple as a container that can contain a composite of carbon dioxide to be treated and process gas with an inlet and outlet to allow the gas to be introduced and removed as needed. will</p>

<p dir="rtl">25 More details of these systems are provided.</p>

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Figure 2 is a block diagram according to one embodiment of an alternative hardening system for use with a carbon dioxide composite material. Many of the components shown in Figure 2 could be the same as those shown in Figure 1, but there could be additional or different components. For example, the embodiments of Figures 1 and Figure 2 each use a number of thermocouples or other

<p dir="rtl">5 Temperature sensor 104,''104,''104,'104,104(temperature sensors'''',</p>

A temperature sensor 104) and a group of relative humidity sensors' (106, 106), which can be either dry-bulb or wet-bulb sensors. Bulb sensors use humidity, carbon dioxide and water vapor levels, or dipole polarization measuring instruments

<p dir="rtl">10 Or chilled mirror hygrometers or a capacitive humidity sensor</p>

.capacitive humidity sensors

As shown in Figure 2, the CO2 supply stream 130 can be connected to the CO2 inlet by various flow control paths, such as valves 210, 212, and 214 which can be used to provide a high flow rate, such as during a purge cycle, or by

<p dir="rtl">15 valves 220, 222, flow control means 224, and valve 226 which can be used to provide a precisely controlled flow rate (ideally a slower flow rate than that used in a perfusion cycle). In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the tubing can be used to connect The gas conditioning system 102 is larger than that used in the system shown in Figure 1. For example, the pipes may be 8 inches in diameter. Another difference is the size of the heaters used to heat the gas supplied to the solidification chamber, which</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 Six 1.3 kW heaters (114) are illustrated in Figure 1, while the heating system in Figure 2 includes eighteen 1.8 kW heaters (214). As shown, in any given system the specific capacities of the various components will be sized by the ratio To the amount of material required to be hardened in the hardening chamber 120.</p>

The control device 116 can receive data from temperature sensors 104 and

<p dir="rtl">25 The relative humidity is 106, and it can communicate bi-directionally (for example, take data from and send...</p>

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Commands to) valves, radiator (or refrigerant) 110, heat exchanger radiator (or refrigerant) 112, blower 108, heaters (114, 214) and CO2 supply current 130 to be able to record data as a function of time, and make determinations as to Regarding a load hardening condition in the hardening chamber 120, a corrective or predetermined action to control the hardening process may be received

<p dir="rtl">5 The control device 116 may also receive commands from a user, display information to the user, and record data and commands that may be issued from time to time so that a record of the solidification process is produced in computer-readable form for subsequent use.</p>

Gas flow in the solidification chamber

The gas flow in the solidification chamber can in many embodiments include gas flows outside the body, gas flows inside the body, gas flows through a porous or permeable body,

Or combinations of these gas flow processes. The gas delivery system includes a gas delivery tube 140, a gas extraction tube 142, and a blower 122, which can be of various configurations. In some embodiments, the blower 122 directs gases out of green bodies from the carbon dioxide compound. In other embodiments, the blower 122 directs gases into internal paths or openings

<p dir="rtl">15 In green bodies, it is produced from a compound of carbon dioxide. In other embodiments, the blower 122 directs the gases outward and into internal paths or openings in green bodies of carbon dioxide compound matter.</p>

INTERNAL GAS DELIVERY SYSTEM Internal gas delivery system

This type of gas delivery system consists of connected gridded piping tubes of 20 sizes and specific spacings, which deliver the gas or fluid through a series of openings that are connected through

Pipe system, into a composite material of carbon dioxide surrounding the body. The gas supply stream (including CO2) is then regulated to match or nearly match the CO2 capture rate in the CO2 composite material. This is one way to quickly harden a section of the CO2 composite material. In a delivery system Perfect internal gas, the piping system is lifted

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To be integrated into the material, a composite of carbon dioxide sample after hardening. The piping system can additionally serve as a backup, and the ability to perform CO2 cleaning or maintenance of the composite material via compressed air or water washing technology can be provided.

.backwashing technique

<p dir="rtl">5 Some of the benefits of this approach include, but are not limited to, reduction in hardening time and reduced carbon footprint associated with a cast-in-situ application of CO2 composites, improved life of previous CO2 composite sections due to the ability to wash the aggregate from the CO2 composite material. Previous carbon and the presence of a re-support network. Standard practices for pervious concrete placement with Portland cement-based systems can be used for hardening periods</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 7-28 days before using the area. With gas delivery system, it can be achieved</p>

The ultimate strength of the carbon dioxide composite material in a period of up to a day. In the experiment below the carbon dioxide supply current is regulated at 1.7 kg/hour. The result after 22 hours was 40% carbonation, relative to the ability of the material composed of carbon dioxide to carbonate. This relates to an efficiency of 43% for carbon dioxide. Based on this data, we can break down the gas supply rate

<p dir="rtl">15 To match the retention rate of the material composed of carbon dioxide, thus improving the effectiveness of using carbon dioxide and improving the time required to carry out the solidification process.</p>

An example of an internal gas delivery system for hardening extended specimens such as railroad ties will now be described.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a hardening chamber suitable for hardening expanded samples of a 20-CO2 composite material. The solidification chamber of Figure 3 includes a flexible wall 310 supported by members

Frame 320 frame members. Flexible wall connection 310 may be achieved using balances, or using magnetic tape and magnetic frame members. Other flexible wall systems are described in more detail below.

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Figure 4 is a view of the solidification chamber according to Figure 3 containing an expanded sample 410 (railroad tie) of the carbon dioxide composite material to be hardened.

Figure 5 is a view of the hardening chamber according to Figure 3 when closed to allow hardening to be carried out. The flexible wall 310 is used entirely in this view.

<p dir="rtl">5 When using a system such as that shown in Figures 3 through Figure 5, the process gas is supplied to at least one internal cavity that reverses the length of the carbon dioxide composite material to be hardened. Hardening can be carried out from the inside of the green body towards the outside. Data were obtained for these solidification processes.</p>

Figure 6 is an image of a blower used to deliver a hardening atmosphere to a carbon dioxide composite material sample that has an internal circular channel. As shown in Figure 6, the blower 610 is a tube having a circular cross section that can be placed in fluid contact with a circular channel in a carbon dioxide composite material sample to be solidified.

Figure 7 is an image of a sample 700 of a carbon dioxide composite material that has been solidified using flow in an interior circular channel 710 and a gas flow on the outside 15 of the sample. As shown in Figure 7, sample 700 has a 720 circular region which is...

Its hardening, a rectangular area 730 that has been hardened, and an uncured region 740 between the cured regions 720 and 730. This shows the ability to harden a composite material made of carbon dioxide from the inside using an internal gas flow process and from the outside using a gas flow outside the sample.

<p dir="rtl">20 Figure 8 is an image explaining the difference in reaction depth as a function of flow rate. In Figure 8 the investigated geometry is shown, a higher flow rate leads to a greater solidification depth in the same time interval.</p>

Figure 9 is a graph explaining the differences in reaction depth, gas flow in cubic feet per minute, and the amount of water removed from solidified CO2 composite samples in systems using 1

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Fan and 3 m go. Obviously, the reaction depth, gas flow in cubic feet per minute, and the amount of water removed from carbon dioxide composite samples will all increase when more capacity to move the reaction gas is provided.

Figure 10 is a graph showing data for the water removal rate as a function of flow rate for gases with 5 different relative humidity. As shown in Figure 10, using a higher flow rate and lower relative humidity tends to increase the rate at which water is removed from the sample. It is believed that the interaction of a carbon dioxide composite with carbon dioxide occurs preferably at the interface where a water-saturated carbon dioxide composite comes into contact with gaseous carbon dioxide, such that rapid removal of water is related to faster rates of solidification.

<p dir="rtl">10 Example – hardening of the previous carbon dioxide composite material in situ</p>

The previous in situ hardening process of the CO2 composite material is illustrated in Figures 11 through Figures 16. This is an explanation based on one aspect of a construction. Here is an example of a real in situ external casting application.

Figure 11 is a process flow diagram explaining the steps in the process of placing and hardening a composite material at 15 external positions. The process can be divided into steps. In step 1110, one prepares the area where the carbon dioxide composite material is prepared and hardened. This can include drilling, grading, setting templates, and the like. In step 1120, one may pour or prepare a first layer of the previous carbon dioxide composite material. The activity of preparing the carbon dioxide composite material includes forming the object to be hardened using any one or more molding, pouring, 20 shaking, pressing, and the like, based on the formula of the carbon dioxide composite material or the workability of the mixture.

In step 1130, one places or prepares a gas delivery structure, which in some embodiments can be a tube or pipe with specified perforations in its wall. Figure 12 is an image showing a perforated PVC mesh 1210 used to deliver gas to the molding section at the material site.

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The compound from the previous carbon dioxide. Also shown is a first layer 1220 of the material to be hardened, such as a gas connection point 1230.

In step 1140, one pours or prepares a second (final) layer of the carbon dioxide composite material preceding the gas conduction structure. Figure 13 is an image illustrating the carbon dioxide composite material

<p dir="rtl">5 The previous carbon dioxide 1310 is poured onto the gas delivery system 1210 in accordance with Figure 12. However, it should be understood that the installation of the gas delivery structure and the material to be solidified at the desired position may be performed in any order, including placing the gas delivery structure in the position first, and then This is placing the material that will be hardened next, or placing the material that will be hardened first and then installing the gas delivery structure.</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 In step 1150, one covers the prepared material, for example with tarpaulin (“tarp”) and suspends the gas line. Figure 14 is an image showing a section of the previous carbon dioxide composite material covered with plastic foil 1410 that includes a carbon dioxide inlet 1420 Connected to gas connection point 1230.</p>

Before hardening the prepared mixture it may be necessary to dry or remove excess water from the non-hardened composite material from carbon dioxide by one or more methods of air drying, filtering or conditioning.

Gas recirculation to bring the material to the appropriate conditions to begin the solidification process. In some embodiments, it may be necessary to add water to a dry mixture of non-solidified carbon dioxide composite material.

In step 1160, one supplies a gas to harden the material composed of carbon dioxide. Figure 20.15 is an image showing gas flow regulators and a flow meter

Used to control the CO2 supply stream to the CO2 composite material of the preceding section according to Figure 14. In Figure 15, a high pressure regulator 1510, a low pressure regulator 1520, gas delivery pipes 1530, a CO2 mass flow meter 1540 are seen, Reading a carbon dioxide mass flow meter 1550.

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Figure 16 is an image showing a hardened section of the previous CO2 composite material after 22 hours using the combined CO2 delivery system according to Figure 12.

In some embodiments, the sensors may be placed within the volume of the carbon dioxide composite material to be hardened so that process variables can be monitored during the hardening process. This sensor is generally fine

<p dir="rtl">5 It is used once or where it is not generally removed and extracted after the carbon dioxide composite material has hardened, but is permanently fixed in the carbon dioxide composite material.</p>

Example: Cast-in-place hardening system

A cast-in-situ hardening system includes systems and methods for carbonating a composite material from carbon dioxide in the absence of any airtight vessel. The “cast-in-place” hardening technique involves the use of a gas-permeable barrier

<p dir="rtl">10 As a layer to allow carbon dioxide to diffuse through the casting section of the carbon dioxide composite material. This procedure is to generate rapid strength and permanently capture carbon dioxide, resulting in a reduction in the carbon footprint associated with cast-in-place applications. This process is less energy intensive than previous carbonization hardening techniques as there is no need for an airtight or temperature-controlled vessel. It has been demonstrated for the first time that a significant level of strength (+2000 psi)</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 It can be achieved using previously described cast-in-situ techniques with a carbon dioxide dense composite material.</p>

A carbon dioxide composite material is carbonized via a “bottom-up” carbonization hardening process. This attempt involved subsequent carbonization without the use of a sealed vessel to produce a sheet of carbon dioxide composite material with compressive strengths in excess of 2,000 psi.

<p dir="rtl">20 We used Enkavent® to create a gas-permeable layer to provide a large CO2 conduction surface to allow carbonization in a cast-in-situ system.</p>

Figure 17 is a process flow diagram explaining the steps of placing and hardening a carbon dioxide composite material using a casting-in-situ process. In step 1710 one prepares the Enkavent® layer with a permeable coating by placing the material in the position where the material is composed of carbon dioxide.

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Carbon is cast and hardened. In step 1720 one pours (or places) the CO2 composite material to be cast in situ. In step 1730 one connects the fluid-connected hardening system gas line to the Enkavent® bed. In step 1740 one initiates the gas flow into the Enkavent® bed In step 1750 one supplies carbon dioxide gas to harden 5 the carbon dioxide composite material for a period of time long enough to achieve the desired hardening.

Figure 18 is an image showing a mold 1800 that allows carbon dioxide to be delivered to and through the Enkavent® material, where the frame 1810 is configured to contain the material composed of carbon dioxide in a desired size and shape. As shown in Figure 18, the die 1800 includes a gas delivery line 1840 that introduces the process gas under a porous screen 1830 that supports an Enkavent® material layer 1820. Enkavent® material is available from Enka Geomatrix

Systems, a Division of BASF Corporation of Enka, NC, and its successor, the Colbond® substance is described in more detail in the US patent Enkavent®.

No. 4,212,692, US Patent No. 5,960,595, and US Patent No. 6,487,826. The material composed of carbon dioxide is placed next to the Enkavent® material.

<p dir="rtl">15 Figure 19 is an image showing a non-hardening carbon dioxide composite material mixture for use in an in situ molding process.</p>

Figure 20 is a picture showing the 1800 mold after casting a carbon dioxide composite material and the process gas connection line to harden the carbon dioxide composite material with carbon dioxide.

Figure 21 is a photograph showing section 2110 of a sheet of carbon dioxide composite material after 20 carburization hardening.

Flexible wall of the hardening chamber

Another type of hardening chamber that can be used to harden carbon dioxide composite material samples is shown in Figures 22 through Figure 24. It is a chamber made of a flexible material, such as plastic sheet material, to form a very flexible chamber. In a preferred model

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The flexible material can be coated with a reflective layer, such as aluminum, to be reflective of infrared rays. The similar material is used in the hoods or gowns used in human rescue operations, or given to marathon runners at the end of a race so that body warmth can be easily maintained. In the embodiments shown next, a wall is provided to contain the gas

<p dir="rtl">5 It is used to solidify samples of a compound of carbon dioxide placed in a chamber so that the properties of the gas can be controlled, such as composition, temperature, relative humidity and flow rate. In some embodiments, the sensor may be placed in the chamber to provide data about gas properties and chamber conditions during the curing operation.</p>

Figure 22 is a view of a hardening chamber 2200 made of flexible material 2210 that is attached to a base.

<p dir="rtl">10 Solid 2220 by clamping system. In one embodiment, the flexible material is a metalized plastic sheet. Other materials that can be used where the material is flexible are Mylar® and latex.</p>

Figure 23 is a view of the flexible material installed to form the solidification chamber according to Figure 22.

Figure 24 is a view of a dog method for carrying the elastic material to the hardening chamber according to Figure 22 to

<p dir="rtl">15 Rigid support. As shown in Figure 24, a rigid base 2410 and a flexible sheet 2420 are connected using rigid rods 2430 and clamps 2440. In the embodiment shown the solid bars have 2430 square or rectangular cross sections. In some embodiments a deformable gasket 2450 may be placed between the meeting surfaces of the rigid base 2410 and the flexible sheet 2420 to provide additional sealing. The 2450 collar can be made of any material</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 Chemically compatible with gas hardening and soft enough to form a tight seal when compressed between the contact surfaces of the rigid base 2410 and the flexible sheet 2420. Examples of such materials that can be used as collars include closed cell plastic foam sheets and viscous liquids such as gels Petroleum based gels. In other embodiments, a channel filled with a liquid compatible with the solidifying atmosphere, such as water, may be provided at the position</p>

<p dir="rtl">25 Wherein the converging surfaces of the rigid base 2410 and the flexible sheet 2420 are disposed.</p>

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Figure 25 is a view of another embodiment of a hardening chamber 2500 that has some elastic walls 2510 and some relatively rigid walls 2520. In the embodiment shown in Figure 25, the hole 2530 can be covered with a material that is transparent in the spectral region of interest, such as visible or infrared radiation, So that observations of optical or electromagnetic radiation can be made based on an instrument, such as a temperature measuring device

<p dir="rtl">5 Optical high temperature or gas flow measurements of gas or gas composition. 2540 is a device used</p>

To connect a gas conditioning system 102 as described previously (e.g., 2540 is used as a connection to one of the gas delivery tube 140 and the gas extraction tube 142).

A typical gas handling system

Figure 26 is a view of a typical gas handling system that can be used with many 10 hardening chambers.

Figure 27 is a block diagram showing the gas handling system 2710 which includes a plurality of gas delivery ports 2730, 2730, 2730 and a plurality of gas recovery ports 2740, 2740, 2740 through which the Through the fluid in the solidification chamber 2720. A typical gas handling system may be viewed in accordance with Figure 27.

<p dir="rtl">15 As a number of typical gas handling systems according to Figure 26, which operate in parallel under the control of a control device. The gas handling system according to Figure 27 can be used to provide gas flow operations whose flow rates are controlled, compositions and gas temperatures are determined so that the gas shines in certain areas of the chamber and certain solidifications are controlled. If required, several sensors can be provided so that each gas flow stream is individually monitored and controlled.</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 Computer-based control system</p>

To control the operation of the hardening system in a more convenient manner, at least one control means is provided connected to at least one carbon dioxide source, gas flow secondary system, temperature control subsystem, and humidity control secondary system. At least one control device is configured to independently control during a period of time when the material consumes carbon dioxide and when the reactant solidifies

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At least any of the gas composition provided for the solidification process, carbon dioxide flow rate, rate or

The speed of gas circulation through the solidification chamber or through a composite material of carbon dioxide that is made

Solidification, direction of gas circulation through the solidification chamber, gas temperature, and humidity in the gas.

In a preferred embodiment, the control device is a general purpose computer operated under a cluster

<p dir="rtl">5 Of instructions recorded on a machine-readable medium, or similar electronic device, as described in more detail below. In some embodiments, the operator may control some (or all) of the operations in the hardening process by overriding the control means, or by providing specific instructions to the control means that are executed as directed by the operator. For example, some steps in the hardening process deal with adjusting Hardening chamber, loading process can be carried out</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 A composite material of carbon dioxide to be hardened, the removal of unhardened material at the end of the hardening cycle, etc., appropriately under the control of a human operator. In many cases variations in the materials of the CO2 composite material itself can be considered by a human operator and can be dealt with mechanically more easily than with a programmable control. After completing the initial steps, the human operator can transfer the process control to a control device, which can control the process</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 For the duration of the hardening time. Another advantage of using a control device is that the control device can record and generate a record of the process variables that have been specified as targets, and it can record the corresponding actual variables measured during the hardening process, so that the accuracy of the hardening process can be increased over time by reprogramming the instructions. Which controls a given process to bring the actual measured process variables more closely to the values that are set as targets. There is a well-known example of this improvement in control</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 It is the use of proportional-integral-derivative control (P-ID) when one tries to control the change in a variable that finally obtains a stable state after a time interval, while trying to reduce the range below the target (very low value) and above the target (very high value). (Where the required steady state is followed.</p>

Figure 28 is a screenshot of a computer-based control system

25 control system for a hardening chamber showing the layout of the system to be controlled. In Figure 28 done

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Illustration of a solidification chamber layout 2810, gas handling system components 2820, a plurality of data windows 2830 for displaying process variables such as gaseous compositions, temperature, pressure, relative humidity, blower speed or flow rates in real time (e.g., essentially real time As the process continues), a 2840 CO2 source diagram and associated valves, and a CO2 source diagram

<p dir="rtl">5 Water/water vapor 2850.</p>

Figure 29 is a screenshot of a computer-based control system for a hardening chamber showing the number of components that can be controlled and showing how the values of the variables being measured can be displayed. The screenshot shown is a diagnostic panel where the statuses 2910 of several components such as blowers, heaters, valves, etc. are displayed, and the required or programmed values are displayed.

<p dir="rtl">10 2920 for many operating variables, such as temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide percentage</p>

And so on. The current measured values 2930 provided by the various sensors, and the display 2940 are controlled depending on the step being monitored (here “perfused”) and some of the variables being controlled. Diagnostic information can be different for different steps in the process.

Figure 30 is a screenshot of a computer-based control system for a hardening chamber showing a 15-recipe screen where variables for several durations or steps in a hardening process are entered by a user or

It is displayed to a user. As shown, the screen recipe can be used to enter individual steps 3010 with the required operating variables. A set of “buttons” 3020 is provided to allow the user to select different parts of the hardening process, such as controlling gas compositions (e.g., a button labeled “CO2 Control”), relative humidity conditions (e.g., a button labeled “CO2 Control”). in

<p dir="rtl">20 "relative humidity", operation of the control device itself (for example, a button called "relative combined derivative control") and many other variables. Buttons are provided for saving a recipe to a machine-readable medium or memory or for retrieving a previously saved recipe from memory In some embodiments, the display itself is a touch screen. In some embodiments, a pointing device such as a mouse may be used. In some embodiments, a keyboard, number pad, and/or an "on-screen" keyboard may be used</p>

<p dir="rtl">25 Entering data or commands.</p>

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Figure 31 is a screenshot of the historical trend report of the hardening process, showing a graph 3100 where curve 3110 represents total carbon dioxide consumed, curve 3120 represents relative humidity, and curve 3130 represents temperature.

Definitions

<p dir="rtl">5 Unless expressly indicated otherwise, any reference to an electrical signal or electromagnetic signal (or equivalents) will be understood to refer to a non-changing electronic signal or a non-changing electromagnetic signal.</p>

Recording the results of an operation or data acquisition, for example, it will be understood that the results of recording at a particular frequency or wavelength are defined here as output data written in a non-transitional manner to

<p dir="rtl">10 A storage element, on a machine-readable storage medium, or storage device. A non-transitional computer-readable storage medium that can be used in the invention includes electrical, magnetic, or optical storage media, such as magnetic floppy disks and cylinders; DVD drive, a CD drive that in some models can be used as DVD discs, CD-ROMs (i.e., CD-ROMs)</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 Read-only optical storage disks (CD-ROM), disks (i.e., read-only optical storage disks (CD-R), read-only optical storage disks), disks (i.e., rewriteable optical storage disks (CD-RW); and electronic storage media, such as RAM, ROM, EPR</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 EPROM, Compact Flash cards, PCMCIA cards, or alternatively SD or SDIO; and electronic components (e.g., floppy disk drive, DVD drive, CD/RW/RW, or Compact Flash/PCMCIA/SD adapter) that are compatible with and compatible with And/or writing on storage media unless done</p>

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Explanation otherwise: Expressly, any reference here to “record” or “save” will be understood to refer to a non-transitional record.

As is known to the expert in the field of machine readable storage media, new media and formats are being invented to store data continuously, and any

<p dir="rtl">5 A suitable commercially available storage medium and corresponding read/write device that may be available in the future to be suitable for use, especially if it provides any greater storage capacity, greater access speed, smaller size, and lower cost per bit of information stored. Older, well-known machine-readable media will be available for use in certain circumstances, such as perforated cards or paper, magnetic record on tape or wire, or optical or magnetic reading of printed characters.</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 (e.g., OCR, magnetically encoded symbols) and machine-readable codes such as 1D and 2D barcodes. Data image recording for subsequent use (e.g., writing an image to memory or digital memory) can be performed to allow Using recorded information as output, where the data is to be displayed to the user, or where the data is made available for next use can be elements of digital memory</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 digital memory elements or chips as individual memory devices, or they can be integrated into the device of interest. “Writing output data” or “writing an image to memory” is defined here as including writing converted data to record in a microcomputer.</p>

“Microcomputer” is defined here as a synonym for a microprocessor, a microprocessor, and a digital signal processor (DSP).

<p dir="rtl">20 The memory used by a microcomputer, including, for example, instructions for processing data encoded as a “read memory program,” may remain in physical memory inside a microcomputer chip, in memory outside the microcomputer, or in a combination of internal and external memory. Similarly, analog signals can be digitized by a separate analogue to an ADC (digital converter) or one or more digital converters or digital converter channels.</p>

<p dir="rtl">25 doubled, which can remain in a microcomputer package. Done too</p>

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Understand that field programmable array (FPGA) chips or

(“ASIC”) application specific integrated circuits

It may implement microcomputer functions, either in a hardware logic or microcomputer programming simulation, or by a combination of the two. A device having any of the inventive features described herein 5 may operate entirely on a single microcomputer or may include more than one microcomputer.

General purpose programmable computers can be useful for controlling an instrument, recording signals, and analyzing signals or data as described. Any personal computer, microprocessor-based computer, portable computer, or Any other type of processing device. A general-purpose programmable computer typically includes 10 central processing units, a storage or memory unit that can record and read information and programs using machine-readable storage media, a communication terminal such as a

wireless or wired communication device

communication device, an output device such as a display terminal and an input device such as a keyboard. The display terminal may be a touch screen, which case 15 will act as both a display device and an input device. It can be different input devices and/or

Additional input devices are present, such as a mouse or joystick, and additional or different output devices are present, such as a speech device, such as a speaker, a second monitor, or a printer. The computer can run any one of the operating systems, for example, any one of several versions of Windows, MacOS, UNIX, or Linux. The computational results obtained in the general purpose computer run 20 can be stored for later use and/or can be displayed to the user. Ultimately, it includes every computer

General purpose microprocessor-based recording means that stores the results of each step in the microprocessor, the results of which are stored in cache memory for subsequent use, so that the result, recorded on non-volatile memory, can be displayed or used in further analysis or Data processing.

Theoretical discussion

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Although the theoretical description specified herein is believed to be correct, the operation of the devices described and sought to be protected herein is not dependent on the accuracy or availability of the theoretical description. Therefore, theoretical developments that could explain the observed results on a basis different from the theory presented here will not diminish the inventions described here.

<p dir="rtl">5 While the present invention has been specifically illustrated and described by reference to the preferred position in the figures, it will be understood by an expert in the art that many variations can be made here without departing from the spirit and perspective of the invention as defined by the claims.3</p>

Relay list:

"A" controller

<p dir="rtl">10 “B” coolant temperature</p>

"C" exchanged

"D" chiller 3.5 kW 110

<p dir="rtl">“E” 6 heaters, 1.3 kW</p>

<p dir="rtl">And 18 heaters of 1.8 kW</p>

15 "G" Chiller 110 3.5 kW

<p dir="rtl">"H" 8 inch blower valves</p>

<p dir="rtl">“i” CO2 inlet</p>

"J" CPVC pipes

“k” is the difference in reaction depth as a function of flow rate

20 “L” cut samples from the center of the sample

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"M" mm

"n" ft/s

"x" cubic feet/minute

"h" miles/hour

<p dir="rtl">5 "F" fan</p>

“Y” is the relationship of flow, water level, and RXN depth

“S” Depth (mm), cubic feet/minute, water (ten grams)

“R” is still water

"u" depth RXN

<p dir="rtl">10 “T” Effect of flow on the carbonization of RRT with one hole in the center under different humidity conditions</p>

“W” water removal rate, /g/hour

Flow rate, ft/s

"y" relative humidity

"Z" exit

<p dir="rtl">15 "A1" about</p>

B1 Weather

"C1" keyboard

"D1" windows

"E1" initialization

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"1" Benefits

"G1" recipe

“H1” Security

"1st edition" tablets

5 "J1" room

“K1” is a control system in the medium-sized curing room

"L1" refrigerant

"M1" capacitor

“N1” air suction fans

10 "S1" New air damping valve

“P1” hardening room system

"F1" exhaust/exhaust valve

"P1" recirculation valve

"S1" mechanical breathing valve

15 "R1" alternative isotopes

"S1" press

“T1” curing room

"W1" water inlet

"K1" low pressure regulator

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<tr><td><p dir="rtl">Pressure regulator</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"y1"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">CO2 source</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"Z1"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">Condenser discharge</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"A2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">water pump</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"B2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">Atomizing water solenoid</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"C2"</p></td><td><p>5</p></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">High CO2 flow solenoid</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"D2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">Low CO2 flow solenoid</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"E2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">Flow meter/control device</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"and 2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">System status</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"G2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">Total time</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"H2"</p></td><td><p>10</p></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">the remaining time</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"2nd ed"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">Connected</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"Y2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>IDLE</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"K2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>E-STOP</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"L2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>SOLIDIA TECHNOLOGIES</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"M2"</p></td><td><p>15</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>CH</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"N2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>T.S</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"S2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>Rha</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"A2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>CO2</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"F2"</p></td><td></td></tr>

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<tr><td><p dir="rtl">Heaters</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"P. 2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>Hist. DB</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"Q2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>io</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"R2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>RHb</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"S2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>PC OK</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"T2"</p></td><td><p>5</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>CTRL OK</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"W2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">Diagnostic board</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"K2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">data</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"D2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>Temp.PV</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"D2"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>CTRL Flow</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"A3"</p></td><td><p>10</p></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">Chiller</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"B3"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">Heaters</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"C3"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">Blowers speed</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"D3"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">turning off</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"E3"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">Run step</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"and 3"</p></td><td><p>15</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>LO</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"G3"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">immediately</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"H3"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">perfusion</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"3rd edition"</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>PID CTRL</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">"J3"</p></td><td></td></tr>

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“K3” Sensor readings

RH.PV "3L"

%RHA "3m"

%RHB "3n"

5 "Q3"RH%

“P3” the solenoid for the spray water

"F3" day/month/year

"P3" Recipe name running status

"S3" is the current step

10 "R3" step

"S3" Start the process

"T3" Save

"Th3" to leave a connection

“K3” is the name of the recipe

15 "Y3" purge control

"D3" step

"A4" Evacuation control

B4: Coolant control

"C4" Gas purge control

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TEMP HYS "4D"

CO2 CTRL "4e"

PID CTRL "4and"

"G4" Recycling

5 “4h” Intermittent scanning time (min)

“4th edition” instant intermittent scanning

"j4" humidity ctrl

"K4" fan speed

temp ctrl . On? "4L"

Temp sp"410"m

rh ctrl on "4n"

sp%rh "4h"

“P4” Historical trend report

"F4" capacity

15 "P. 4" time

"Q4" runtime

"R4" Historical DB

122 Bloat

108 Blowers

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PLC 116

130 CO2 supply line

106 Blowers

TC 104

<p dir="rtl">5 1100 Process flow chart</p>

1110 Preparation area

1120 Pour a first layer of pre-CO2 composite material

1130 Establishing a gas communication structure

1140 Pour the final layer of the previous CO2 composite material

10 1150 Covering with a tarp and hanging the gas line

1160 Supplying gas to harden the composite material from CO2

1700 Process flow rubber

1710 Prepare the R-coat with permeable paint

1720 Pour the CO2 composite material for in-place molding

15 1730 Connecting the hardening system gas line

1740 Start gas flow in R layer

1750 Providing CO2 gas to harden the CO2 composite material

2910 High CO2 flow solenoid

2910 Condenser discharge

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2910 New air damper valve

ctrl fan speed step recirculation dwell(min) immedlate dwell humid 2940 )sp remaining time(s%temp ctrl . On? Temp sp rh ctrl on rh

310 perfusion

5 3020 IDLE Close

RH CONTROL 3020

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