Untitled record

Full description

Background of the invention

The present application is based on the precedence of the provisional application for US Patent No. 782579/61 filed on March 14, 2013, entitled LIQUID DESICCANT AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.

5 Current demand generally relates to the use of liquid desiccants to dehumidify and cool, or heat and humidify, the air stream entering a space. In particular, the request relates to an optimal system configuration for 2- or 3-way back-adjustment of a liquid desiccant mass and the heating of exchangers that use micro-porous membranes to separate the liquid desiccant mass from the air stream in commercial and industrial buildings

10 Large while at the same time modifying the Heating Ventilation and HVAC (Air Conditioning) equipment to achieve a significant reduction in electricity consumption in the building.

Both liquid and dry desiccant dehumidification systems have been used in conjunction with conventional vapor compression equipment to help reduce humidity in spaces, particularly in spaces that require large volumes of outside air or have high moisture loads inside

ASHRAE 2012 Handbook of HVAC Systems and Equipment, 15. Area of the building itself

Chapter 24, p. 24.10. Humid weather, such as for example in Miami, Florida, requires a lot of energy to adequately handle (dehumidify and cool) the outdoor air required for those occupying a given space. Conventional vapor compression systems have limited capacity They only remove moisture and tend to over-cool the air, most of the time requiring energy intensive recirculation systems.

20 reheat systems, which significantly increases total energy costs, because reheat adds an additional heat-load to the cooling coil. Desiccant dehumidification systems - both liquid and solid - have been used for many years and are generally sufficient when removing moisture from the air stream. However, it is used

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Desiccant systems are generally concentrated salt solutions, such as ionic solutions of LiBr, LiCl, or CaCl2, and water. The brines mentioned above are highly corrosive, even in small quantities, and several attempts have been made over the years to prevent the desiccant being carried into the air stream to be treated. In recent years, efforts have begun to be directed to eliminating the risk of carrying desiccant by using membranes with micro-sized pores to contain desiccant.

Desiccant systems generally have two separate functions. The conditioning side of the system provides air conditioning to desired conditions, typically set using thermostats or humidistats. The regeneration side of the system provides the function of reconditioning the liquid desiccant so that it can be reused on the conditioning side. Liquid dryer between the two sides. A control system is used to balance the liquid desiccant appropriately between the two sides as conditions dictate and to appropriately handle excessive heating and humidity with or without over- or under-concentration of the desiccant.

In large stores, supermarkets, commercial and industrial buildings, energy is wasted because the existing single heating and air conditioning ventilation units serving the building do not adequately remove moisture from the ventilation air they supply to the building. This excess moisture ends up being condensed from the air using excess energy by the refrigeration and freezing equipment inside the building, creating a load on this equipment resulting in higher energy consumption than necessary.

Older buildings are typically designed with heating and air conditioning ventilation equipment that recirculates a significant portion (80-90%) of the air from the space through its cooling coil. The equipment takes approx.

10-20% of outdoor air, which requires dehumidification as discussed above, which is not adequately done by this equipment. At construction and design time, designers will sometimes add a desiccant system to achieve the necessary moisture removal, but this equipment is heavy, with^{^}25 It is difficult and expensive and cannot be retrofitted to buildings that were not originally designed to accommodate it.

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Therefore, there remains a need to provide upgradable cooling systems for buildings with high humidity loads, where the removal of humidity from the outside air can be achieved at lower economic and energy costs.

General description of the inventor

<p dir="rtl">5 This document provides methods and systems used to efficiently cool and dehumidify airflow in large commercial and industrial buildings using a liquid desiccant. According to one or more embodiments, the liquid desiccant flows down to the surface of the support plate as a falling film. According to one or more embodiments, the desiccant is contained by a microporous membrane, and the air stream is directed in a primarily vertical or primarily horizontal direction.</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 Primarily on the membrane surface, both latent and sensible heat are absorbed from the air stream in the fluid dryer. According to one or more embodiments, the support dish is filled with a heat transfer fluid that ideally flows in an anti-air direction. According to one or more embodiments, the system includes a conditioning unit that removes latent and sensible heat through a liquid dryer into the heat transfer fluid and a generator that exhausts latent and sensible heat from the heat transfer fluid into the environment. According to one</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 In one or more models, the heat transfer fluid in the air conditioning unit is cooled by a refrigerant compressor</p>

Compressor or external source of cold heat transfer fluid. According to one or more embodiments, the generator is heated by a refrigerant compressor or an external source of hot heat transfer fluid. According to one or more embodiments, the refrigerated compressor is reversible to provide heated heat transfer fluid to the air conditioning unit and cooled heat transfer fluid to the generator, which is

<p dir="rtl">20 The conditioned air is heated and humidified, and the regenerated air is cooled and dehumidified.</p>

According to one or more embodiments, a membrane system uses an indirect evaporator to generate a cold heat transfer fluid where the cold heat transfer fluid is used to cool a liquid desiccant conditioner. Furthermore in one or more embodiments, the indirect evaporator receives a portion of the air stream pretreated by the air conditioning unit. According to one or more embodiments,

25 The air flow between the air conditioning unit and the indirect evaporator is adjustable by some convenient means, for example via a set of adjustable louvers or via a fan

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It has adjustable speeds. In one or more embodiments, the water supplied to the indirect evaporator is seawater. In one or more embodiments, the water is wastewater. In one or more embodiments, the indirect evaporator uses a membrane to retard or prevent the carrying of any undesirable elements from the seawater or drainage. In one or more embodiments, no recycling occurs

5 The water in the indirect evaporator is returned to the top of the indirect evaporator, like what happens in a cooling tower, but between 20% and 80% of the water is evaporated and disposed of.

the rest.

According to one or more embodiments, an indirect evaporator is used to provide heated and bitter air^{^}medicine

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To supply airflow to the space while the air conditioning unit is used simultaneously to provide heated and cooled air^{^}Medicine for the space itself. This allows the system to supply heated and bitter air^{^}Medicine to the space in

Winter conditions. The air conditioning unit is heated and water vapor is vented from the desiccant. The indirect evaporator can also be heated and water vapor is vented from the liquid water. The indirect evaporator and air conditioning unit together provide bitter air^{^}Measure the heat of the building space due to heating conditions in the winter.

According to one or more embodiments, some air conditioning systems are installed with a liquid desiccant

15 Desiccant Air Conditioning systems (LDACs) in existing supermarkets, supermarkets or other commercial or industrial buildings to replace a subset of existing heating ventilation and air conditioning units with recirculating rooftop units (RTUs) already in place. According to one or more One embodiment is that air conditioning units are operated with a liquid desiccant to provide 100% cooled or 20 mS°C outside ventilation air to the conditioned space. According to one or more embodiments, the rotation units are modified

On the remaining surfaces in such a way that they do not supply more outside air to the space, but the upper surface unit becomes 100% recirculating. In one or more embodiments, the adjustment is made by removing power to the damper motor. In one or more embodiments, the adjustment is made by removing the lever from the damper mechanism. According to one or more

25 In embodiments, the circulation units on the remaining surfaces are modified to have a higher evaporator temperature so that wet water droplets do not condense on the evaporator coils and the unit becomes more

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Energy efficient. In one or more embodiments, the temperature increase of the evaporator is achieved by replacing the expansion valve. In one or more embodiments, the temperature increase of the evaporator is accomplished by adding an APR valve such as a valve assembly supplied by Rawal Devices, Inc. From Woburn, MA. In one or more embodiments, the temperature increase of the evaporator is accomplished by adding a hot-gas bypass system or some other conventional means of increasing the temperature of the evaporator.

In one or more embodiments, the new liquid dryer air conditioning units supply all of the cooled and humidified outdoor ventilation air needed by the building during the cooling season and supply the warmed and humidified outdoor ventilation air during the heating season. The remaining 10 existing heating and air conditioning ventilation units close their external air dampers

So that it provides heating or cooling of the indoor air only. The benefit of being able to retrofit the system is that new desiccant air conditioning systems are more energy efficient and effective at removing moisture from the required ventilation air than the combined heating and air conditioning ventilation units they replace. Another benefit of the aforementioned system methodology lies in its improved ability to reduce the humidity of the space 15 in the building. The energy used by refrigeration processes and refrigeration units inside the air-conditioned space is significantly reduced because they waste less energy condensing moisture from the air. Energy wastage is also reduced by adjusting the circulation units on the remaining energy consuming surfaces. Finally, the advantage of replacing only a portion of the rotating units on the roofs is a very small part of the cost of modernization, as a person can choose to replace especially the oldest rotating units on the roofs, which must be replaced in any case, and the recovery periods are short due to the low cost of modernization and quantities.

Large energy savings.

According to one or more embodiments, the air-conditioning liquid dryer system consists of reusable membrane module elements and membrane module support tubs. In one or more embodiments, the adjustable membrane modules 25 are sized to fit a standard skylight for a roof with an opening approximately 2.5 x 2.5 feet

foot. In one or more embodiments, removable module support tubs are arranged

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To repeat in a linear manner such that the unit support basins form a support structure and an air channel simultaneously. In one or more embodiments, the unit support basins are hollow^. In one or more embodiments, the support tubs have double-barred units so that they can hold the liquid. In one or more embodiments, the fluid is a liquid desiccant. in

<p dir="rtl">5 In one or more embodiments, the liquid dryer is divided with higher concentrations near the bottom and lower concentrations near the top of the trough. In one or more embodiments, the bottom of the sink slopes so as to conduct any spilled liquid to a single corner of the sink. In one or more embodiments, the corner is equipped with a sensor or detector that can detect the accumulation of any liquid in the corner. In one or more embodiments, said sensor is a conductivity sensor</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 conductivity sensor. In one or more embodiments, the unit support beds have openings at both ends. In one or more embodiments, two ends are used to provide two different air streams in a series of support basins. In one or more embodiments, the two air streams are the return air stream and the outside air stream.</p>

According to one or more embodiments, a first series of membrane units and support basin unit 15 are arranged in a primarily linear manner having a duct section that allows most of the air to be admitted into the building and a portion is transferred

From air to the second series of membrane modules and module support tub sections. In one or more embodiments, the first series of units and support basins contain a membrane conditioner. In one or more embodiments, the membrane conditioning unit contains the desiccant behind the membrane. In one or more embodiments, the string contains

<p dir="rtl">20 The second of the units has a membrane air conditioning unit. In one or more embodiments, the second conditioning unit contains water behind the membrane. In one or more embodiments, the water is seawater. In one or more embodiments, the water is wastewater. In one or more embodiments, the water is potable water. In one or more embodiments, the air flowing into the second series of diaphragm units and the support basin unit is reversible. In one or</p>

<p dir="rtl">25 In most models, the first series of membrane units receives a hot heat transfer fluid in winter mode from a heat source and receives a cold heat transfer fluid in summer mode. In one or more of</p>

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In embodiments, the second series of membrane units supplies cold heat transfer fluid to the first series of membrane unit in cooling mode and receives hot heat transfer fluid from a heat source in winter mode. In one or more embodiments, Series I and Series II units receive hot heat transfer fluid from the heating unit itself in winter mode.

<p dir="rtl">5 In no event is the description of applications intended to be construed as limiting disclosure to such applications. Many structural images can be imagined to combine the different elements mentioned above, as each has its advantages and disadvantages. The present disclosure is not limited in any way to a particular combination or mixture of these elements.</p>

Brief explanation of the drawings

<p dir="rtl">10 Figure 1 shows a representative 3-way liquid desiccant air conditioning system using a chiller or external heating or cooling sources.</p>

Figure 2 shows a representative membrane unit that can be flexibly configured to include liquid desiccant plates in 3 ways.

Figure 3 shows a representative single membrane plate in the membrane unit of the liquid dryer 15 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 shows a representative rooftop design of a building showing the existing rooftop units and the rooftop units that need to be replaced as part of the retrofit.

Figure 5 shows a schematic aspect of a representative rooftop circulation unit on the building footprint.

Figure 6 shows a schematic side of a representative modified rooftop circulation unit assisted by an external 20 air system for the liquid dryer.

Figure 7 depicts a humidity diagram showing operations for a representative rooftop circulation unit as well as the outside air system for a liquid dryer.

Figure 8 shows the use of a custom external air system for a representative expandable liquid dryer.

Figure 9a shows a schematic diagram of the side air conditioning unit of the system in Figure 8.

25 Figure 9b shows a schematic diagram of the regenerator side of the system in Figure 8.

Figure 10 shows how to expand the system in Figure 8 to increase the airflow and cooling capacity of the system.

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Figure 11 shows an alternative model of the system in Figure 8 where the refrigerant has been replaced with an indirect evaporative cooling system.

Figure 12 shows details of the membrane mass and tub support structure of the heat exchanger of Figure 8.

5 Detailed description:

Figure 1 depicts a new type of liquid dryer system as described in more detail in US Patent Application No. 20120125020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Air conditioning unit 101 includes a set of hollow dish structures^inside. A cold heat transfer fluid is generated in a cold source 107 and introduced into the dishes. Liquid 10 desiccant solution is brought to 114 on the outside of the dishes and runs downward on the outside of all the dishes. The liquid dryer runs behind a thin film between the flowing air and the surface of the dishes. The outside air 103 is then blown through the array of wavy plates. The liquid dryer on the surface of the dishes attracts water vapor in the flowing air and the cooling water inside the dishes helps suppress air temperature rise. Treated air 104 is placed in the building space.

15 The liquid desiccant is collected at the bottom of the ripple plates at 111 and is conveyed via the heat exchanger 113 to the top of the generator 102 to the point 115 where the liquid desiccant is distributed across the ripple plates of the generator. Return air or optionally outside air 105 is blown through the generator dish and water vapor from the liquid dryer is conveyed in the outlet air stream 106. An optional heating source 108 provides the driving force for regeneration. The hot transfer fluid 110 from the heating unit 20 can be placed inside the undulating plates of the generator like the cold heat transfer fluid on the air conditioning unit. Again, the fluid dryer is assembled at the bottom of the undulating plates 102 without the need for either an assembly vessel or trough so that the air flowing over the generator is also horizontal or vertical. An additional heat pump 116 may be used to provide cooling and heating to the liquid dryer. It is also possible to connect a heat pump between the cold source 107 and the hot source 108, which

25 Therefore, more heat is pumped from the cooling fluids than from the dried material.

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Figure 2 describes a 3-way heat exchanger as described in more detail in US patent applications with serial numbers 13/915199 filed on June 11, 2013, 13/915222 filed on June 11, 2013, and 13/915262 filed on June 11. June 2013, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The liquid dryer enters the chassis via 5 ports 304 and is routed behind the membrane string as described in Figure 1. The liquid dryer is assembled and removed via ports 305. The cooling or heating fluid is supplied through the outlets 306 and is directed against the air flow 301 into the hollow dish structures^, also as described in Figure 1 and in more detail in Figure 3. The cooling and heating fluids exit through the outlets 307. The treated air 302 is directed into the space in The building or is released depending on the circumstances.

10 Figure 3 depicts a 3-way heat exchanger as described in more detail in the provisional applications for US patent serial number 61/771340 filed on March 1, 2013, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The air stream 251 flows opposite to the cooling fluid stream 254. The membranes 252 contain a liquid desiccator 253 that falls along the wall 255 containing the heat transfer fluid 254. Water vapor 256 drawn into the air stream is 15 able to transport the membrane 252 and is absorbed into the liquid desiccator 253. The heat of the condensing water 258 that is released during absorption is transferred through the wall 255 into the heat transfer fluid 254. Sensible heat 257 from the air stream is also conducted through the membrane 252, liquid dryer 253 and the wall 255 into the heat transfer fluid 254.

Figure 4 shows an example of the roof of a commercial or industrial building 403. Some of the existing 20 upper roof units 401 are kept in place and modified to provide only sensible cooling and further modified so that they do not admit additional outside air. A few (typically between 1 in 3 and 1 in 5) of the 402 rooftop units are replaced with new DOAS (liquid desiccant air conditioning) outdoor air units . 402 replacement units are selected based on the age of the equipment being replaced and also on air distribution requirements25 to ensure even distribution of fresh air throughout the space.

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Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of a typical rooftop unit 401 installed on a building 403. The rooftop unit receives between 10 and 25% of the outdoor air 503 and supplies approximately 300-400 cubic feet per minute (CFM). (of total air flow per ton of cooling capacity. A typical 10-ton rooftop unit will therefore supply 3,000 to 4,000 cubic feet per minute of total air505 with 300 to 1,000 cubic feet per minute of outside air mixed into it. . It is well known that outdoor ventilation air can account for more than 60% of the moisture load in grocery stores. ) ASHRAE 2012 Handbook

The air supplied to the 505 is HVAC Systems and Equipment, Chapter 24, p. 24.10

The space is approximately 100% saturated unless no reheating form is used. However, reheating adds a significant heating load to the cooling coil, where there is a lot of air

Recycled 501 to the upper deck unit 401 is directed internally 504 onto the cooling coil and a small portion 502 is released, typically about the same amount as the upper deck unit takes up. The evaporator coil 506 provides the primary cooling function for the mixed air stream 503 and 504. The compressor 507 supplies refrigerant 508 and discharges its heat to the condenser 509.

15 A typical condenser has something like 800 cubic feet per minute of outside air 510 per ton for cooling, or about 8,000 cubic feet per minute for a 10-ton unit. The expansion valve 511 supplies cold liquid refrigerant to the evaporator coil 506.

Figure 6 shows how the upper deck unit 401 of Figures 4 and 500 can be modified and supplemented with a dedicated outside air system for the liquid dryer 402. The top deck unit 401 is modified so that it 20 does not supply or take outside air. As a result only the return air 501 is recirculated from the building 601 via the evaporator coil 506. Instead, the rooftop unit is modified to reduce intake from outside air. The evaporator temperature has also been raised from the normal 40°F to approximately 50-60°F. There are several ways to do this: One can replace the expansion valve 511 with a different valve 610 configured for higher evaporator temperatures. Done^{^}Same as other ways to increase the temperature of the evaporator

Rawal Devices, Inc., Woburn, made by APR 25 for example in providing a bypass valve

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01888-0058 MA. By raising the temperature of the evaporator, the cooling load of the remaining upper roof unit is reduced and the system works more efficiently.

Replace one of the rooftop circulation units with the liquid dryer system 402 as discussed above. Done^{^}Such as the basic components of the liquid dryer system in the air conditioning unit 603 - which can

5 They are like component 101 in Figure 1 and generator 606 - which can be like component 102 in Figure 1. Optional compressor 609 pumps heat from the air conditioning unit to the generator using refrigerant

608 Using an expansion valve 610, outside air 605 is brought in through the air conditioning unit 606 and supplied to it 607 at a temperature and humidity much lower than required by the space. The return air 602 enters the generator 606 where it picks up heat and moisture and is then released 604. (If air is not available

10 Refer to the liquid dryer system 402, the air stream 602 can include outside air.) is set

Size the liquid dryer system to provide all outside air in the form previously supplied by the overhead circulation unit 401. Since the air conditioning liquid dryer system provides dry, cool air, the space itself is drier, reducing the load on the HVAC equipment in the space . Figure 7 shows a humidity diagram of the processes involved in the overhead rotating unit and dryer system

<p dir="rtl">15 Questioner. A typical rooftop unit takes 10-25% of the outdoor air (“OA”) and mixes said air with the return air (“RA”) from the building. The point of mixed air (“MA”) produced is determined by the amount of outdoor air and return air (“RA”) from the building. The cooling coil 506 subsequently takes the mixed air and cools it to the saturation line where water vapor condenses and the air is finally supplied to the space at a lower temperature but close to the saturation level.</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 (“COIL”). Said air needs to be heated by the building in some way, which it does</p>

Of course on sunny days, but on cloudy or average temperature days this may not happen unless an additional reheat system is used. In supermarkets, grocery stores, etc., cooler bags and coolers can provide additional cooling, indicated by the arrow (“FR”) for the location of the return air As can be seen in the figure, the additional sensible cooling provided^

<p dir="rtl">25 With freezers and coolers combined with the lack of reheating, results in a very cold and high space</p>

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Humidity, with relative humidity exceeding 70%. Moreover, water sprayers in the vegetable sections and the short cycle of the overhead unit make the situation worse.

The air-conditioning liquid dryer system of Figure 6, however, also takes in outside air and produces dry, cooled air (DA) for the space. Additional cooling by circulation units on the remaining roofs 5 and air conditioning and refrigeration units (“top roof unit”) results in increased Much lower in humidity

Relative damage that can be avoided simply by not operating the rooftop unit unless necessary.

Figure 8 shows an embodiment of an air conditioning fluid dryer system 402 capable of supplying cooled dry air^ to the space from 100% outside air. Many of the components in the system are defined for Figures 8 10 in Figure 6. The air conditioning units 603 (of which there are 4 in this example) contain membrane plate structures as shown in Figures 1-3. Similarly, the generator units 606 (of which there are also 4 in this example) have a similar configuration to the air conditioning units. Outside air 605 enters the air conditioning unit section through louvers 802. The outside air is then transported through optional internal ducts 806, then downward through the 15 air conditioning units 603 and then through the tub modules 803 to exit the system in the form of supply air 607 supply air. The return air from the building (not shown) receives some additional outside air 805 through louvers 807. Said air is then transported through the generator modules 606 and regenerator duct modules 812 and finally exhausted out of the system (not shown). A power interface module 801 provides power and a built-in cooler

electrical 609 electrical attachment heat pump system heat pump system/integral chiller 20

facilities, hot and cold water for the generator and air conditioning units respectively. As shown in the figure, the system has 4 air conditioning units and 4 generator units, which are installed 2 at the same time on the 803 tub supports. The size of the units was chosen to match the size of standard roof louvers. As can be seen from the figure, it would be very easy to add additional 25 sink units 803 and a membrane conditioner or generator units 603 and 606. Complete

The right side of the system in Figure 808 is terminated with a removable end plate 800 unit sinks

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Air conditioning, a removable end plate 810 for the air conditioning unit duct 806, and a removable end plate 809 for the generator duct. The cold water supply, the cold water supply and the hot water supply and the hot water return are shown with the number 811 in the figure. The 807 mounts to the last tub module and is easily removed and installed on a different tub module. One of the desiccant pumps 5 813 that will be discussed in more detail is also shown in Figure 900 and Figure

<p dir="rtl">12. The entire system is mounted on a 804 modular support frame.</p>

Figure 9a shows the side conditioning unit of the system in Figure 8. As previously mentioned, outside air 605 enters the system through louvers 802. Fan 901 brings air through ducts 806. Conditioner membrane modules 603 cool and dehumidify the air stream 10 that is Transporting it through the basins 803 into the supply air stream 607. Terminal dishes 808 and 810 are located at the end of the system. Cold water supply and return water lines 811 bring cold water to individual air conditioning units 603. For clarity only one of the water lines 904 is shown, the other units 603 receive cooling water in a similar manner. The desiccant pump 813 receives the desiccant fluid from the aquarium units 803. The desiccant pump distributes the desiccant fluid to 15 air conditioning units 603 via the supply lines 905. For clarity, the supply lines are shown

With desiccant supply lines for two of the air conditioning units in the figure and the rest have been deleted. As can be seen in the figure, the dried material is drained out of the air conditioning units and returned back to the sink units 803.

Figure 9b shows, similarly to Figure 9a, the basic components of the system's side generator in Y 20 Figure 8. Return air 602 is directed from the building through sink units 803 and through

Generator 606. Generator ducts 812 deliver air back through fan 902 and louver 903 where hot, humid air 604 is released. Since in buildings the amount of return air available can be much less than the amount of air supplied to the building (air supply 607 Return air 602) Additional outside air stream 805 can be mixed through the louver 807. This 25 helps ensure that the system has adequate air supply to the generator units. Similar to an air conditioning unit 25

On the side, the desiccant pump 908 supplies liquid desiccant to the generator units 606 via lines

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Supply 907. Hot water 906 is also supplied to generator units. For clarity only, some of the water and desiccant lines are shown.

It is also possible to reverse the direction of refrigerant 609 in winter operating mode such that the air conditioning unit 603 receives hot heat transfer fluid and the generator 606 receives heat transfer fluid

<p dir="rtl">5 The cold. In this mode the air conditioning unit will absorb water vapor, humidify and heat the air flow supply 607 and the generator will absorb heat and water vapor from the return air flow 602 of the space. When operating, the system will recover heat and humidity from the return air stream 602 in this mode.</p>

Figure 10 shows the system of Figure 8 with an additional section 1001 comprising 4 air conditioning units and 4 generator units inserted into the system of Figure 8. The refrigerant 1002 is now needed in addition to the fans and pumps

<p dir="rtl">10 It will be clear that one can continue to increase the air flow and cooling capacity of the system by continuing to add membrane units and other components, until the carrying capacity is exceeded. For air flow in ducts and basins.</p>

Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of an alternative model of the linkable system of the figure

<p dir="rtl">15 6. The 609 chiller section has now been deleted from Figure 6 and Figure 8 in favor of the cooling section.</p>

Indirect evaporative cooling section 1111. The air supply 607 is partially diverted (typically between 0 and 30%) as air stream 1105 in the duct 1101 and porthole 1102 to enter the basin 1103. The air stream now moves upward through the membrane modules 1106. Air conditioning and generator units, have evaporator units

<p dir="rtl">20 The mentioned membrane modules contain more water than the dried material behind their membranes. Since the air stream 1105 is very dry, a significant cooling effect can be obtained in the membrane units 1106 by evaporating the water behind the membranes. This results in a heat transfer fluid 1109 that is substantially cooled. Said cold heat transfer fluid 1109 can then be used to remove heat from the original membrane units 603. The warmer heat transfer fluid 1110 is circulated back to the</p>

<p dir="rtl">25 Indirect evaporative cooling 1111 of the air conditioning units 603. Since the evaporator units 1106 evaporate water, there is a need for a constant supply of water 1113. Said water can be</p>

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For drinking water, in this case the membranes on the evaporator units 1106 are not strictly necessary. In this case also, the remaining water 1115 can be drained from the membrane modules 1106 into the sump 1103 and removed from the sump by the pump 1112 for reuse at the top of the evaporator modules 1106. Care has been taken to ensure that, like a conventional cooling tower, there is no...

<p dir="rtl">5 Any accumulations of crusts and other contaminated materials. There are several common industrial methods that can be used to deal with scale problems, for example blow-down systems or ultrasonic precipitation.</p>

However, the use of membrane in evaporator units 1106 also makes it possible to use seawater or waste water: the membranes will contain any salt particles or other contaminants. In this

<p dir="rtl">10 In this case, it is intended to evaporate only a portion of the water (typically about 50% or less) supplied by the supply 1113. The remainder of the bitter water is then drained^{^}Bleed through line 1114 and disposed of in a suitable drainage system. The pump 1112 can be eliminated without the need for a non-volatile or downward blowing system. With this membrane, dirt collection can be a problem and can be dealt with by rinsing and using a pre-filtration system.</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 Suitable filtration system. The blown air stream 1108 leaving the evaporator units 1106 is warm and close to saturation and is drawn through the system by the fan 1107. It should be clear from the figure that when additional air conditioning units 603 are added there should also be additional evaporator units 1106. This can be easily accomplished by Removing the cover 1104 and adding an additional section 1111. The propeller 1107 may also have to be adjusted to be larger and moved to the added section.</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 It is also possible to reverse the air stream 1105 while simultaneously supplying a heated heat transfer fluid to the conditioner blocks 603. In said winter heating mode, the air conditioning unit will absorb water vapor in the air stream 1105 and the air conditioning units 603 will be combined to supply warm, humid air to the space 607.</p>

Figure 12 shows a cross-section of a membrane unit support basin 803 and part of a distribution system.

<p dir="rtl">25 Desiccant distribution system^connected to it. The basin 803 is formed as a hollow shell structure with two rings 1205 and 1206. The interior area works</p>

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1201 As a liquid dryer storage tank. This is advantageous as it eliminates the need for a separate tank and since the volume is located directly below the membrane units, the absorption of the desiccant into the tank body is improved. Furthermore, the tank structure allows the desiccant to be divided with the highest concentration of desiccant located near the bottom of the basin and the lower concentration 5 located near the top. The inner bottom 1202 of the basin 803 narrows so that any sediment from the membrane units above drains into individual nooks where a detector or sensor can be placed to indicate the presence of a leak. Furthermore, the bottom has a flange 1208 that is shaped so that the air flow cannot transport any droplets that may fall from the membrane units. The membrane modules physically rest on the support plate 1203 which is designed to have barrier features 1209 to allow airtight sealing 10 between the membrane modules and the trough structure. Since the sump 803 contains the desiccant for the system, the pump 908 draws the desiccant from the lowest outlet on the sump, pumps it to the top of the membrane unit 603 where it is drained by the force of gravity back through the drain.

1204 In the upper outlet of the sink. The secondary port 1207 allows the desiccant to be diluted to be removed and pumped to generator units installed in a similar manner except that the generator pumps from the upper port 15 to the top of the membrane units 606 and removes the passed desiccant^{^}Poke the outlet from the bottom back into the air conditioning unit. The air duct 1210 can also be seen in FIG.

After describing several illustrative examples, it should be appreciated that many changes, modifications, and improvements can be thought of by persons skilled in the art. Such changes, modifications and improvements are intended to form part of the current description and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the current description. 20 While some of the examples presented here include particular combinations of functions or structural elements, it should be understood that

It is possible to combine these functions and elements in other ways in accordance with the present invention to achieve the same or different objectives. It is not intended to exclude, in particular, the procedures, elements, or features discussed in relation to one model from similar or other functionality in other models. In addition, the items and components described herein may be further subdivided into additional components or linked together25 to form fewer components to perform the same functions. Accordingly, the foregoing description and attached drawings are provided for example only and are not intended as a limitation.

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Relay list:

a"

seriously"

CFM

0F

Humidity measurement chart

Temperature of dry bulb form

E"w (g/kg)

MA and

RA

FR

DA

RTU

COIL

OA

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