Untitled record

Full description

Background of the invention

The continuous development and provision of new communication and control technologies provides a constant source of candidate devices and technologies to improve the infrastructure. Wireless mesh network communication is a particularly useful technology for infrastructure application because

5 The nature of networking, sometimes called the network cloud, is to bring reliability and redundancy to the communications task, which is the most common cause of problems in the network. Wired networks can easily be set up to provide high-bandwidth communications and the network can be controlled in a decentralized manner or managed centrally. Sensor technology also continues to introduce new technical methods and devices for sensing and measuring environmental variables and system conditions. Performance costs are falling. Combine these two

<p dir="rtl">10 The two technologies are a national treasure, the Global Positioning System (GPS), which provides location information as well as highly accurate time information to users. Here too, the cost of the GPS receiver has decreased significantly.</p>

Two infrastructures that can directly benefit from advances in these technologies are street lighting control and traffic monitoring in large urban areas. Street lighting

<p dir="rtl">15 Conventional lamps, such as those provided by floodlights, mercury vapor lamps, and even high-efficiency high-pressure sodium lamps, consume significant energy annually and the total energy costs can be staggering for large urban areas. For example, Los Angeles currently has 209,000 street lights that use 197,000,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity each year. These large recurring energy costs stimulate access to more energy efficient lighting systems. With conversion</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 Street lighting to Light-emitting diode (LED) technology, a must-see for municipal lighting budgets</p>

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Very significant reductions in operating and maintenance costs, and some expect break-even points to appear in less than five years.

Improved movement control systems and technologies should also be better linked to natural resources. There are about 50 million traffic lights in the United States at intersections and crossings

<p dir="rtl">5 Pedestrian, train crossings, and other locations on roads. The majority of these signals are to control signalized intersections. A 1995 report by the Transportation Research Center at the University of Texas, Austin, declared that, in general, “the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of signalized intersections are: (1) minimizing overall stops or delays, (2) reducing the number of stops, and (3) reducing the number of stops.” (Reducing the combination of delays and the number of stops (4) Reducing fuel consumption, (5)</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 Cost efficiency, and (6) variations of these factors. In 2002, it was estimated that motorists in the 85 largest metropolitan areas in the United States experienced delays totaling 3.5 billion hours and cost about 5.7 billion gallons of fuel. Increasing the effectiveness of signalized intersections through smart traffic monitoring will be of great benefit in improving fuel efficiency in the United States of America.</p>

15 It is noted that German Patent Publication No. 2020/10000502 - 1U shows a traffic area lighting device, with at least one lamp containing at least one lighting device, characterized by the lighting device including at least an embedded frequency continuous wave energy sensor connected to a device. Control of lighting means. Also, US Patent Publication No. 5,173,707-A shows a system consisting of a radar having a synthetic aperture radar.

20 (SAR) to generate radar maps with different degrees of accuracy required to navigate an aircraft and detect

Ground targets in the presence of electronic countermeasures and noise. However, none of these prior art systems disclose the features of a lighting system that includes lighting equipment associated with at least some street lamps, and includes a plurality of attached lighting components including: a signal processor, a communications device

25 communications device, and radiation transmitter/receiver

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transmitter/receiver, a group of mechanical devices associated with the installation and control of a group of street lights. Moreover, these prior technical systems do not achieve the technical effect of increasing the effectiveness of signalized intersections through intelligent traffic control.

5 General description of the inventor

The present invention aims to use acoustic sensors to create a security service that senses emergency situations that are occurring or occurring such as accidents, violent crime, persons in danger or other situations by receiving and analyzing pedestrian calls and ambient sounds in the area. In one embodiment, one or more microphones can be placed in a lighting auxiliary 220 such that it can

10 To pick up sounds. These sounds can be analyzed locally or sent as compressed or uncompressed data to one or more monitoring and control centers for further analysis and law enforcement or safety measures for the public.

Means for maintaining the horizontal level 225 can be controlled remotely from one or more monitoring and control centers to cause deflection and direction of one or more microphones and/or

15 Image sensors or solid state cameras in the direction of an urgent sound, such as an audible cry for help, the sound of an accident or other disturbing sounds. One or more lamps in a street lighting system can be commanded to enter a special operating mode such as lamp flashing where the lamp is repeatedly turned on and off to give a light signal to determine the approximate location of the strike.

20 Hence, the described invention has potential for use in a wide range of areas, including enhancing public safety.

In a first embodiment of the present invention, an outdoor lighting system is provided, including:

A group of street lights;

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A luminaire associate is associated with at least a portion of a street light and includes a signal processor, a communications device, and a radiation transmitter/receiver;

At least one axis attached to the lighting assistant, luminaire associate, luminaire associate,

5 such that the hub has an operable motorized system to direct the luminaire associate's radiation transmitter/receiver in at least one target direction; And

A controller that is operationally coupled to the motorized system of the luminaire associate to control the movement of the axis.

The signal processor analyzes the rays received by the transmitter/receiver from at least one target.

In a second embodiment, a road condition detection method is provided that includes:

Controlling the movement of at least one means of maintaining the horizontal level located within a part

The lowest part of the group of street lights, so that this part has a transmitter/receiver of radiation that moves with a means

Maintaining the horizontal level towards a specific goal;

15 Transmitting beams from a beam sender/receiver towards the target;

Reception of rays reflected from the target by at least one transmitter.

receivers; And

Processing of a radiation signal that is received by a computing device within a street light control device containing one of the transmitters/receivers.

20

Brief explanation of the drawings

Figure 1 shows the number of roads and traffic conditions according to one model.

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Figure No. 2 shows the parts of a lighting fixture according to one embodiment.

Figure 3 shows the discovery of water on a road surface according to one of the models.

Figure 4 shows the detection of water or ice on a road surface according to one embodiment.

Figure 5 shows the detection of acoustic noise generated by a tire according to one embodiment.

5 Figure 6 shows a snapshot of a SAR image according to one embodiment.

Figure 7 shows the traffic status database according to one of the models.

Figure 8 shows the production of descriptive information from radio voice according to one embodiment.

Figure 9 shows a traffic planning system according to one model.

Detailed description:

10 Here, a combined street lighting system and traffic monitoring using sensor technologies is explained. In one embodiment, sensors and conventional processors are interconnected

wireless mesh communications architecture

Which can also be linked through one or more gateways to one or more monitoring and control centers.

15 An embodiment for reporting, controlling and predicting traffic flow can be viewed by referring to the illustration shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows a traffic control and street lighting network 100 including the use of a drone 160 carrying a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system. synthetic aperture radar) has radar beams 165, 170, and 175; And a series of street lights 1145 - 145 n. There is also an explanation in Figure 1 for: Methods 115, 120, and 125;

20 Bridges 1101, 1102, and 1103 cross the river 105; Traffic lanes 180, 185, and 190; accident 150; person writing a report on the accident 155; Factory 135; And a railroad track

.130

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Street lighting and traffic control network 100 can serve many functional groups. Among these groups are: (1) intelligent control of street lighting for the most efficient use of available lighting energy and better application of lighting for the public good, (2) more efficient traffic monitoring at signalized intersections, (3) data transmission and control

5 In the associated sensors; and (4) various public services including operational efficiency of public service infrastructure, community safety, and timely and broad collection, analysis, and dissemination of information of interest to the public.

An embodiment using street lighting fixtures within a lighting system is illustrated in Figure 2. The street light 200 as shown in Figure 2 includes illumination 210, supported by a lighting assistant.

10 220 which may include electronic components. The electrical components in the lighting auxiliary are 220 watts

These may be processing devices with associated memory resources, computational devices, electrical circuitry, electromechanical devices, or various other sensors. The lighting auxiliary also includes the mechanical devices associated with the installation and control of lighting

15 210. Luminaire Associate 220 It can be installed on top of the atop pole

230 pole which also provides a conduit for the powerline 240 that supplies power to the luminaire associate 220 and the luminaire 210. The luminaire associate 220 can also serve in urban site service by providing transponder service. In addition, the lighting auxiliary 220 can include various devices to provide

20 An interface to sensor data acquired by the lighting assistant as well as control mechanisms that may be required for use within a street lighting control network.

The street lighting fixture 200 can include: one or more lighting means 210 having one or more LEDs and a lighting auxiliary 220. The lighting auxiliary 220 can provide several functions to: (a) provide power at one or more power levels during a single period of time; or more; (b) implement one or more;

25 More special operating modes can be selected, such as a light that flashes on and off

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Repeated use for signaling purposes; (c) Containing the various sensors as well as an interface to the data and control means used by the sensors in the street lighting control network.

The lighting auxiliary 220 as contemplated in various embodiments may be a request node within an interconnected wireless network. A GPS receiver may be included within the lighting aid 220 to allow for positioning

5 Lighting aid precisely within the interconnected network.

The lighting auxiliary 220 may also be provided with one or more data ports to provide an interface to several types of data ports for transmitting and receiving data according to different embodiments. Although the specific models described here can illustrate wireless interfaces to data ports, wired interfaces can also be visualized, such as communications over power lines. Ports can receive data

<p dir="rtl">10 Inside Lighting Assistant 220 Data from radio frequency meters including: electricity usage meter, gas usage meter; water use meter; Other infrastructure elements such as traffic signals, or a combination of the above.</p>

There are many types of sensors that may be present within lighting aids 220. A solid-state circuit camera or image sensor, one or more microphones, one or

<p dir="rtl">15 More than means of maintaining the horizontal level that operate electrically to cause deflection and direct one or more sensors in the desired direction, devices for generating and storing electricity, including solar cells, batteries, capacitors, or a computer component with local memory. memory.</p>

Embodiments can be envisioned in which the lighting assistant 220 includes a plurality of sensors including:

<p dir="rtl">20 A light intensity sensor, a sensor for estimating the condition of a lamp, or one or more environmental sensors. Environmental sensors can be used to sense and measure a variety of elements associated with the surrounding environment. Examples of conditions that can be measured by environmental sensors include: temperature; and humidity degree; Wind conditions (speed and direction); atmospheric pressure; and axial accelerometer.</p>

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one or more accelerometers; one or more axis tilt sensors; and chemical pollution sensors; biological pollution sensors; particulate pollutant sensors, or a combination thereof; Sensors used to determine road conditions.

<p dir="rtl">5 The traffic control and street lighting system 100 can provide public and private services for the public good. General services can be provided for various tasks. One model envisions providing transportation leaders' audiences with visual presentations or radio broadcasts on a broadcast channel about: traffic conditions, such as deteriorating weather; poor road conditions; traffic congestion; and accidents; He expected to share the road with emergency vehicles. These road conditions are like recent potholes; And timings</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 Expected opening of the drawbridge; high-speed police chases; Alerts about children being exposed to danger, and/or special activities such as advertisements or lottery results.</p>

Additional public services can be obtained according to different models. Reports can be submitted to control public irrigation networks in cases where water is needed due to lack of rainfall or where water is not required due to local rainfall.

<p dir="rtl">15 Another public service that can be provided is to study traffic flow to identify traffic problems and report on them. This will go a long way in alerting drivers about the traffic routes they want as well as the traffic routes they may want to avoid due to congestion. For example, traffic paths 180 and 185 may carry heavy traffic, leading to a traffic warning 140, as shown in Figure 1, where traffic path 180 is experiencing congestion, and traffic path 180 is experiencing congestion.</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 Traffic 185 light traffic. The traffic and street lighting control system 100 can provide interfaces with one or more monitoring and control centers 195 to provide traffic alert details 140.</p>

An interface may be provided to provide data from image sensors located within the lighting aids 220 in the street lights 1145-145n or data acquired from the radar beam 175 of 160 SAR.

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One example is the interface with a broadcasting company that can provide traffic information to drivers to alert them to traffic congestion in a traffic lane as described in traffic warning 140. Alternatively the interface can be more focused using lighting aids 220 in lights. Street 1145-145N to provide data regarding the traffic pattern 140 to a scientist

5 Illuminated along the side of the road.

As another non-exclusive example, the traffic control and street lighting system 100 may be used to recognize sustained non-standard vehicle maneuvering that is indicative of a broken down vehicle, an accident, an impaired driver, or a major problem with the road surface such as a new pothole. This type of maneuver is unusual maneuver that may reveal or lead to an abnormal flow of movement

10 the traffic.

Another common service may be obtained by using an image sensor or solid-state circuit camera to obtain images of vehicles on the road and forward those images to one or more monitoring centers195. Image data may be transmitted in uncompressed or compressed form. Image data can be transferred in specific formats to facilitate processing in monitoring and control centers.

<p dir="rtl">15 Further analysis of transmitted image data can be used in monitoring and control centers to assist law enforcement efforts or be used in other public safety measures. The transmitted image data can be used to detect suspicious vehicles or to detect violations occurring. Violations that may be detected may be issues related to geofencing of the movement of certain vehicles. Regulations can be enacted to ensure that certain vehicles, such as those carrying dangerous loads, are not broken into</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 Densely populated areas or areas where transit traffic is prohibited, such as tunnels, refineries, or the ends and intersections of pipelines.</p>

Public services can be provided for different purposes. By way of example, but not limited to, image data can provide information related to ongoing situations. Other sensing technologies can also be used, such as acoustic sensors. Audio data can be transmitted in a similar manner to that discussed

<p dir="rtl">25 Previously for image data. Processing can be carried out on voice data in 195 monitoring and control centres</p>

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Using parameters and threshold values to determine if unusual activity is occurring. Analysis of pedestrian communications calling for help, calling for help, or other types of urgent sounds can be used to trigger loudness threshold values, interpret them with sound recognition, and determine whether they are urgent or need to be monitored in real time by operators in the area.

<p dir="rtl">5 I focus on neck pain and control. Acoustic sensors can be used to create a security service that senses conditions</p>

Emergency or ongoing incidents such as accidents, violent crime, people at risk or other situations by receiving and analyzing pedestrian calls and ambient sounds in the area. In one embodiment, one or more microphones can be placed in a lighting aid 220 so that it can pick up sounds. These sounds can be analyzed locally or sent as compressed data

<p dir="rtl">10 Uncompressed to one or more monitoring and control centers for further analysis, law enforcement or safety measures for the public.</p>

In another embodiment, the electrically powered level-keeping devices 225 can be used to control the position of the lighting auxiliary components 220 and/or the lamp 210. The level-keeping devices 225 can be controlled locally allowing the lighting auxiliary components to rotate

<p dir="rtl">15 Automatically in the desired direction. The desired direction may be in the direction of the sound indicating the presence of an emergency as determined by local procedures. Local procedures may use parameters and/or threshold values to identify contingencies as well as the point of origin of the sounds being sensed. Means for maintaining horizontal level 225 can be controlled remotely from one or more monitoring and control centers to cause deflection and direction of one or more microphones and/or sensors</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 The image or solid state camera is in the direction of an urgent sound, such as an audible cry for help, the sound of an accident or other disturbing noise. One or more lamps in a street lighting system can be commanded to enter a special operating mode such as lamp flashing where the lamp is repeatedly turned on and off to give a light signal to determine the approximate location of the strike.</p>

Public services can be provided in the form of a traffic pattern analysis service. Movement patterns can be analyzed

<p dir="rtl">25 Go through and send reports through notes from images sent by the lighting assistant. maybe</p>

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Using image data to index the movement paths of individual vehicles by building a database of specific cars, using their license plates for identification, and their path by monitoring the roads in the city. By analyzing the typical paths of individual vehicles, it is possible to determine the probability that individual vehicles will change direction at various signalized intersections.

<p dir="rtl">5 Optical. As a non-exclusive example, if it is established that a long vehicle, such as an 18-wheeler, is expected to make a left turn at a particular intersection, the traffic signals could operate in such a way that the truck has minimal potential impact on traffic flow. This could be done, for example, by sequencing traffic signals to position the truck at the intersection at which it is expected to turn so that it does not unnecessarily delay traffic.</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 Certain Services may include, but are not limited to, the use of a solid state camera or image sensor to capture images of license plates. These images can be used to detect geofence violations by certain vehicles. This could be an offer for paid usage by the subscriber. Companies may want assurances that company vehicles will remain within the expected perimeter. Evidence of a violation may assist the company in enforcing</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 The company's policy is not to violate regulations regarding geographical fences. Evidence provided by companies with geofencing policies may help a company defend against tort and respond accurately regarding a company vehicle or company employee who makes an inattentive or foolish turn.</p>

License plate photographs may be useful to assist law enforcement in enforcing and collecting fees for exceeding speed limits. By identifying a vehicle through the 20-meter image of its license plate and its location consecutively, speed data for its journey can be determined. A violation ticket may be issued if a specific vehicle exceeds the speed limit or more sophisticated action may be taken to enforce charges. As a non-exclusive example, it would be possible to fine a vehicle owner based on the amount of time they exceeded the speed limit by a certain percentage, choose a higher fine amount, or detect multiple violations.

Messages to and from individual vehicles can be generated by associating the vehicle's license plate number with the vehicle owner's 25 IP address. This link file may be kept, but not limited to, in one or more locations

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From the focus of neck pain and control. Transmissions to a particular vehicle, which is equipped with a suitable visual communications system, may, in a non-exclusive example, be made by morphing one or more LEDs in traffic signals to give a visual view of the vehicle as suggested in the article “Using Traffic Lights “LEDs used in traffic control as a means of communication” by Pang et al., in Proceedings

5 International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 1999, pp. 788-793, the contents of which are incorporated for our reference here. It is expected that with the traffic signal also equipped with a photoreceiver, the vehicle could transmit data in response or generate an original data message using the traffic signal light as an access point to a data gateway.

The traffic control and street lighting system can be designed to meet additional criteria including: (1) ease of maintenance, (2) integrity of infrastructure, and (3) communications security features.

A traffic and street lighting control system can be designed so that individual lamps can monitor their safety status, which can contain data such as: functional efficiency of the lamp, for example burnout output and reduced light output; Speculation about expected remaining lamp life; and structural safety.

<p dir="rtl">15 The traffic control and street lighting system can also be designed to ensure electrical energy analysis including, but not limited to, power quality and power outage measurements. Reporting of a power outage shall be to one or more monitoring and control centers or a street light for each independent light or traffic signal, or by virtue of a protocol for sending reports on power failure depending on the nature of the network protocol, and notification, via one or more street lights or Traffic signals</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 In the surrounding area, when each street light or traffic signal is within one or more perimeters from which electrical power has been cut off.</p>

In addition, the traffic and street lighting control system can be designed to implement self-checking procedures that can be self-initiated by command from one or more monitoring and control centers,

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These procedures are used to evaluate and report to one or more monitoring and control centers to measure with specific parameters street lights or traffic signals.

The traffic control and street lighting system may also be designed so that the infrastructure of the street lighting and traffic control system is robust enough to exhibit: mild deterioration due to a single or multiple advanced failure;

<p dir="rtl">5 That is, a single failure does not occur consecutively, leading to multiple failures. “Work-through” function, i.e. its operation will not be excessively slowed or hindered under conditions of mild deterioration; Required repairs may be automatically prioritized and reconfigured according to criticality and quality-driven algorithms that alert, suggest and schedule repair actions according to conditions sensed and measured by infrastructure awareness data collected by sensor arrays located in lighting units.</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 Streets. These repair and reconfiguration procedures and timelines can be designed to maximize efficiency</p>

It is possible for the traffic control and street lighting system to maintain its normal condition when undergoing repair.

The traffic and street lighting control system can be designed such that the lighting and traffic control units are equipped with security devices and measures. Security devices and measures may be those that: detect, record, and alert one or more control centers of physical inputs within areas

<p dir="rtl">15 Predefined street lighting units and traffic control signals. Another type of security measure is to protect communications with encryption, or other appropriate communications-specific security measures. Security measures may be applied to traffic that traverses network interfaces and gateways to enhance the privacy of personal information and reduce the ability of an intruder to exploit, insert, delete, or modify this traffic. Other models provide security devices and measures for authentication</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 Commands and messages. Commands and messages that attempt to change, augment, delete, disable, or modify software, firmware, or hardware within the control device of a traffic and street lighting control system can be documented. Such authentication techniques can be obtained, but not limited to, by using encryption key techniques, management, and secret exchange protocols.</p>

Finally, a traffic planning system can be made available to empower traffic engineers and city planners

25 To use an archival traffic database to propose and evaluate changes in traffic infrastructure.

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If a road surface and the air above it contain water, whether in liquid form, snow or ice, there is an increased risk of vehicle accidents. Detecting these road interfaces and disseminating information about them to drivers on these roads helps preserve lives and property. This type of information is useful for reporting and forecasting traffic flow.

5 The optical and microwave properties of water, snow, and ice allow them to be detected by electromagnetic means. The distinction between water, snow and ice can be aided by the fact that the permeability of water is different from that of snow or ice. The permeability of water is eighty times that of air, compared to the permeability of ice, which is only six meters that of air. Also, hexagonal ice crystals have birefringent properties and are therefore birefringent

10 Snow detection is possible using polarized light.

In one embodiment, water on a road surface can be detected by a millimeter wave optical transmitter and receiver placed within lighting aids, 320 and 330 respectively, two separate lighting fixtures as shown in Figure 3. For example but not limited to, the transmitter is placed The receiver is on opposite sides of Route 310. The transmitter emits a beam of rays

15 350 towards the road 310. The center of the 350 beam of radiation falls on the road

310 B angles Ф in relation to the direction of the road 310. Figure 3 shows spot 340 on the road surface. The lighting aid receiver 330 receives some scattered radiation 360 from the interaction between the beam 350 and the water spot 340. The receiver in the lighting aid 330 has its own antenna and is oriented at an angle Ф with respect to the center of the radiation beam 350. The scattered radiation 360 is processed

20 To detect the presence of water using the change in dispersion observed relative to a dry surface and the inferred water on the road surface can be sent to a traffic condition database through a lighting control network.

In another embodiment, a public road may be inspected by illuminating the road surface with a polarized linear beam as shown in Figure 4 to check for ice, snow, or water deposits. Fittings included

25 The lighting 430 includes a lighting auxiliary 420 which may also include a transmitter and receiver

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Fixed monocular in the same place, 440. The fixed monocular transceiver may also be installed alternatively on a support structure for the lighting fixture 430. One or more motorized horizontal level-keeping devices are installed so that the fixed monocular transceiver 440 can be rotated 5 To produce, transmit and receive patterns 450 in such a way that it is able to scan an area of the road 410 that includes the area 475. Control unit 410 controller

In the means of maintaining the horizontal level 425, you can perform a search pattern stored in the lighting assistant 420 or control the means of maintaining the horizontal level 425 remotely via electronic signals from the control center.

A fixed single beam transmitter and receiver transmits linearly polarized radiation toward area 475 10 of road 410. If area 475 is icy, then, as described in US Pat.

No. 5243185 (used for reference here), the birefringence property of the hexagonal crystalline structure of ice causes incident linearly polarized radiation to become ellipsoidally polarized on its return (either by reflection or refraction). Using signal processing techniques as described in US Patent No. 5,243,185, it can be determined whether

15 Area 475 had deposits of ice or water or not. Traffic flow can also be estimated by using radar to detect and measure changes in the transmission and reception patterns 450 of the returning radiation which may indicate passing vehicles. The results produced by the processed sensor data can be entered into a traffic condition database maintained at a remote location within the lighting control network.

In yet another embodiment, the sensor data may be produced by a road noise sensor 20 placed on a structure near the road. Sensor data collected can indicate noise

Road on hazardous condition on the road surface such as rain, snow or ice. As shown in Figure 5, road noise 550 is produced by the tires 540 of a vehicle 530 traveling on roads covered in rain, snow, or ice 575. Road noise 550 is produced by the tires of a vehicle traveling on a dry road surface that is different from a surface covered by rain or snow. Or ice. Combinations

25 Lighting 570, near road 510, may have a lighting auxiliary 520 containing a sensor

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Additional embodiments may have the road noise sensor 560 located elsewhere in the lighting fixture 570. There are also additional embodiments in which the road noise sensor 560 is not actually installed at or inside the lighting auxiliary. Embodiments are adjacent to the lighting auxiliary but are mounted farther away and located Next to Lighting Assist 520. On models using a sensor

5 Road noise mounted at a distance 560, an interface 560 can be established between the road noise sensor 560 and the lighting assistant 520 that enables communication. The road noise sensor 560 may be a sound-to-electricity converter such as a common microphone or a specialized microphone such as a precision directional microphone.

The road noise sensor 560 is capable of detecting a vehicle traveling on the road 510. Processing images in the lighting operations assistant 520 process a signal from the road noise sensor 560 for detection

10 of changes in road noise 550. In one embodiment, wet surfaces, snow, and ice result in an increase in road noise 550 resulting from a vehicle 530 moving in an area 575 of the road. The 560 Road Noise Sensor detects increases in road noise. The road noise sensor 560 can track a vehicle by having a processor programmed to direct the road noise sensor 560 toward the path of a detected vehicle by directing the road noise sensor 560 using a single

15 One or more means of maintaining the horizontal level with motors 525.

The acoustic signal 550 can be processed locally or remotely (using signal processing techniques such as those described in US Patent No. 5852243, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein) to determine whether an area of Route 575 has potentially hazardous rain deposits. , snow or ice. A report can be made regarding the presence of hazardous precipitation from rain, snow or ice

20 ice to the traffic status database through a lighting control network

.network

In another embodiment, the street light may have a noise sensor 560 used to detect and track vehicles using one or more level-keeping device motors 525 that rotate the noise sensor 560 as described above with respect to

25 Figure 5. monostatic radiation transmitter

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440 A receiver, similar to that discussed in connection with Figure 4 above, may also be included to transmit radiation toward a sensor area of the road that has been determined by sensor 560 to contain water, ice, or snow. If area 475 is glacial, it can be determined whether area 475 has deposits of ice, snow or water. 5 Traffic conditions can also be estimated using radar to detect and measure road conditions more accurately by rotating the horizontal radiation level maintainers 525 to allow the beam transmitter and receiver 440 to focus on the specific area that the noise sensor 560 has determined is rain, snow or water.

Another embodiment envisages an interconnected network of smart street lights having noise sensors and radiation transmitters and receivers spread out in relative proximity along a road. 10 different sensors can be used in conjunction with each other to identify potentially dangerous areas

road or other types of dangerous situations, such as criminal acts.

In one embodiment, sensor data for estimating traffic flow may also originate from a drone equipped with a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system and an SAR image processor. As shown in Figure 1, a drone equipped with a SAR system may 15 forms and processes images derived from illuminated areas by means of directional radar beams 165, 170, and 175.

A well-known property of SAR imaging is that the SAR image of a moving target can be shifted from its actual location by a distance that depends on its speed. An example of this effect is shown in Figure 6, where a moving train appears spatially displaced from its track. In one embodiment, a drone carrying a SAR system and a SAR image processor may also be used similarly to estimate the speed of vehicles 20 traveling on a road. Another model can determine the average speed of close together vehicles moving in essentially the same direction at roughly the same speed. The results of SAR image analysis can be broadcast to receiving ground stations and the data entered into a traffic condition database.

An example of the Traffic Condition Database (TCD) 710 is illustrated in Figure 7, which collects information from a large number of data categories. The first category 25 of data is data in the form of numbers or graphs 730. Data in the form of numbers

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Or graphics that can include data generated from sensors such as traffic meters, speed estimators, road condition monitors, and weather sensors.

A second category of data is soft data, which includes unstructured or non-numbered data such as data extracted from an audio report, for example

5 Example: communications from a radio emergency responder and traffic reports from a spotter helicopter.

Spoken messages from sources such as emergency responders communicated by radio can be very valuable for inferring information about traffic conditions. A large portion of these reports are sent without a specific format because they originate from human speech. Signal processing has made significant progress in voice recognition, where algorithms transform auditory-derived human speech

10 into digitally represented words. Once the spoken words are in digital form, an envelope analysis algorithm can reveal the meaning and context of the message. Once the context of this data is inferred, it can be transmitted to the 710 TCD for inclusion as metadata. This process is the example shown in Figure 8, where, at the scene 820, a police officer 810 writes observation reports via radio communications 830 to the police facility 835. Monitor antenna and radio receiver 830

15 Police communications 850 by receiving the broadcast signal 840 and passing the broadcast signals 840 to the audio analysis unit 860. The audio analysis unit 860 includes an analog-to-digital (T-to-R) converter 862 that can convert an analog audio signal to a digital audio signal. If If the police officer's radio communications audio signal 830 is already in digital form, the analog-to-digital converter (T-T) 862 can be bypassed. The audio signal is presented

20 Which are in digital form to the text converter 864 which generates a string of words spoken by the police officer 810. The words are presented to the text analyzer 866 which generates a formatted report of the incident such as location, time and implications. The report is forwarded to the TCD 710 for inclusion as metadata.

Metadata sources can also contain E-ZPass toll collection data, methods

25 Cami RM feed traffic necks. Other metadata sources can contain data from

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A means of monitoring activity that is not directly related to traffic conditions but is still related to traffic conditions such as levels of active subscribers and switching rates between cells. This data may be provided directly by the cellular provider but may be gained some approximation from an automated monitoring facility near the cell antennas.

5 Metadata 734 Anecdotal data is a category of data inferred from sources that do not have known reliability or a dedicated format such as data inferred from social networks. Metadata and mashtags in many social networks will allow for grouping of messages and search indexed by specific links.

Historical data 736 Historical data includes data that is linked to well-known schedules 10 It includes a large amount of traffic movement, such as the timing of changing shifts in a factory, existing schedules for major events, the setting of traffic lights at signalized intersections, and the time periods during which roads are designated. Two-way, one-way only. The 710TCD also contains and updates historical data files736.

The computer and 740 Distribution Servers receive data from the TCD 15 710 and write a report about traffic movement in a local area to the local area center.

The computer and distribution service units 740 can also estimate future conditions based on historical information about traffic, weather conditions and other conditions in the surrounding areas of the local area using computer forecast models. The computing machine and distribution servers 740 can also test the accuracy of its estimates, and refine its forecast models as well as historical data.

20 The computer and distribution servers 740 can integrate available data to make predictions and forecasts that can be continually revised as future data becomes available. Data integration continues by running the computer machine and distribution servers 740 for a plurality of traffic patterns in parallel, known as a model farm. The computer and distribution servers 740 then weight and combine the model outputs to form a single estimate of future traffic conditions. may be

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Some models are a traffic equation centered using the Jackson or Gordon-Newell traffic network formulas, for example. Other models could place more emphasis on human factors and predict how drivers will respond to conditions. Other models can model traffic as a continuous flow and show disruptions as shock waves.

<p dir="rtl">5 Other models can include probabilistic accident models and microscopic models of traffic flow at signalized intersections. Over time, the weights assigned to each model are adjusted for a more accurate estimate to maximize prediction of future traffic conditions. The individual models themselves can also be modified.</p>

Computer machine and distribution servers 740 may also be periodically or non-periodicly searched for

<p dir="rtl">10 Cases of linking data from different data sources, which can help increase the accuracy of forecasts. These linkage studies can include examining cases of association between data from different data categories. In addition, the computing machine and distribution servers 740 periodically or non-periodically test for the binding states you have identified and then determine whether those binding states still require modification, including removal from the model.</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 The computer and distribution servers 740 can report traffic conditions and forecasts to radio and television stations 750, police and emergency responders 752, and public “bulletin boards” 754 such as illuminated information signs placed along roads. The computer and distribution servers 740 broadcast a warning to traffic subscribers 756. The computer and distribution servers 740 also store traffic conditions and forecasts in an archive database 758.</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 The computer and distribution servers 740 can produce a digital report on local traffic conditions to local centers, such as expected speed or expected waiting time, if data in the form of numbers, graphs, or historical data drives the calculation. If calculations are made largely by means of descriptive or narrative data, the reporting process may use vague labels of terms, for example, “expected delays” or “expected delays.”</p>

25 Possible slowdown.

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Additional models for traffic flow analysis and forecasting systems can be envisioned as an embodiment of a traffic planning system that enables traffic engineers and city planners to implement traffic monitoring databases. Structural and/or intersection signal improvements in traffic control infrastructure can be visualized using a hypothetical traffic archival database and evaluating changes in traffic control.

5 Traffic infrastructure and means of control with traffic lights. As shown in Figure 9, the archive database 758 is used to provide simulated data to the planning system computer 910. The planning system computer 910 interfaces with the planning system, which enables operators of these systems to use the archive database to hypothesize and evaluate changes in the traffic infrastructure. . 1920 - 920 AD Keyboards may be located near or far from a computer system

10 Planning 910 according to various models. The operators of these switches 1920 - 920 AD may have been traffic engineers or town planners or the operators may have been in contact with engineers or town planners. The planning system computer 910 has access to multiple traffic models and can be run in parallel, weighing individual model results in a manner that, or similar to, the computer and distribution servers 740 combine data available from the archive database 758.

15 And forms of predictions and forecasts.

Figure 10 shows an illustrative method, generally referred to as the system 1000, operating once the center 1005 is activated. Once in the program 1000, a goal is set using the previously described methodologies. A computing component can read the target from memory to determine the target from different sensor inputs. Once the target is set, the device is rotated to maintain the horizontal level

20 Target 1010 and move the horizontal level maintaining means or horizontal level maintaining means inside the street light control device to direct one or more types of sensors (as previously described) inside the street light control device toward the target. The command for “sending rays toward the target “1015 The target is illuminated with millimeter wave or light ray energy. In a manner similar to that described in relation to Figure 3, the scattered rays will reach other street lights equipped with the transmitter/

25 The receiver compatible with the type of radiation used. The command to “receive rays from the target”

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1020, in one embodiment, will operate within the system such that other street lights receive the scattered rays from the target. Once the scattered beams are received, the command “Perform signal processing on beams received” 1025 will have the system process the beams to determine if there is snow, water, or ice on the target area. Processing can be carried out when receiving 5 street light rays, or the received ray data can be transmitted and remote processing of the data can be carried out

Receiving around a street light. When data processing indicates a problem (e.g. water, snow or ice) the “send detected subject” command 1035 will send the results of the “perform detected signal processing to receiving beam” command 1025 to the system to allow warnings to be issued. When the command “Perform signal processing Detect to received beams 10” 1025 does not indicate any problem with water, snow or ice on the target area, the system

Returns to the command to “rotate the horizontal plane toward target” 1010 which will use computer memory or sensor input such as that from an audio sensor or image sensor, to direct the transceiver toward the selected target. The program 1000 can leave 1045 if an appropriate signal 1040 is received. The signal 1040 can be a system reset, 15 or shutdown operation, or another statement that the program 1000 should leave.

The illustrative technical effect of the methods and systems described herein is to: (a) generate a molten pool based on the building parameters of the component; (b) detect an optical signal generated by the molten pool to measure the volume or temperature of the molten pool; and (c) modify It uses real-time construction parameters based on the size or temperature of the molten pool to achieve a desired physical property of the component.

20 Some embodiments involve the use of one or more electronic or computer devices. Such devices specifically include a processor or controller, such as, but not limited to, a general purpose central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), microcontroller, field programmable gate array (FPGA). )(, a computer with a reduced instruction set processor

25 RISC(computer), application specific integrated circuit

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ASIC (circuit), PLC (programmable logic circuit), and/or any other circuit or processor capable of performing the tasks described in this document.

The methods described herein may be encoded as execution instructions embodied in a computer-readable medium, including, without limitation, a storage device and/or memory device. These instructions,

<p dir="rtl">5 When implemented by a processor, it causes the processor to perform at least part of the methods described in this document. The above examples are illustrative only and are therefore not intended, in any way, to define the definition and/or meaning of therapist.</p>

Illustrative models for improving construction equipment to make additively manufactured components are explained in detail above. Apparatus, systems and methods are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, but rather

<p dir="rtl">10 Therefore, systems methods processes and components may be used independently and separately from other processes or components mentioned in this document. For example, the systems, methods, and devices described herein may have other industrial or consumer applications and are not limited to practice with electronic components described herein. Alternatively, one or more models can be implemented and leveraged in relation to other industries.</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 Although specific features of different embodiments of the invention may appear in some drawings and not in others, this is for convenience only. According to the principles of the invention, any property in a drawing may be referred to or claimed in common with any property in any other drawing.</p>

This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best setting, and to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems

<p dir="rtl">20 And implement any methods mentioned. The scope of a patent is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that may meet those skilled in the art. These other examples are intended to be within the scope of safeguards if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the safeguards, or if they include equivalent structural elements that differ slightly from the literal language of the safeguards.</p>

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