Untitled record

Full description

Background of the invention

The present invention relates to systems and methods for removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, and in particular to systems and methods for removing carbon dioxide.

CO2 (dioxide) from a gas stream, including ambient air.

5 As a further improvement to the system described in the pending US patent application serial number 098,370/13, filed on April 29, 2011, a suitable system and process are shown such that its use will be widely recognized and Regarding what was disclosed in a previous application, in particular when it was also amended. The disclosure of this pending application is incorporated by reference herein as if it were repeated in its entirety, as amended in the new disclosure.

10 presented in this document.

More attention is currently being focused on trying to achieve three somewhat conflicting energy-related goals: 1) providing affordable energy for economic development; 2) achieving energy security; and 3) avoiding devastating climate change resulting from global warming. However, There is no possible way to avoid the use of fossil fuels for the rest of this century if we want to obtain the necessary energy

15 To achieve economic prosperity and avoid energy shortages that can lead to conflict.

Scientists have little doubt that increasing the amount of so-called greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (methane and water vapor are other major greenhouse gases) is increasing the average temperature of the planet.

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It is also clear that no solution that only reduces ongoing human contributions to carbon dioxide emissions can successfully eliminate the threat of climate change. Removing additional carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is also essential. With air extraction and the ability to increase or decrease the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, other greenhouse gases such as methane can in principle be offset

5 (Both naturally occurring and human activity) which can cause their concentration to increase and cause climate change.

Until the recent inventions by the present applicant, it was generally accepted among experts in the field that it was not economically feasible to capture carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere due to the low concentration of this compound, at least to slow the increase of so-called “greenhouse” gases. 10 heat” in the air. It is later revealed by applications that have not yet been decided, which are owned in a capacity

It is general and precedent that it is in fact practical and effective to implement these CO2 reductions under specific conditions.

It has been shown that under ambient conditions CO2 can be efficiently extracted from the atmosphere, at ambient conditions, using a suitable regenerative absorbent system and extraction at low or

15 regeneration process, and that this process can be extended to remove CO2 from mixtures of flow gases mixed with a large amount of ambient air, so as to remove not only CO2 from the flue gas but also to remove

Additional CO2 from the atmosphere in order to achieve a net reduction in atmospheric CO2 at a lower cost and higher efficiency.

General description of the invention

20 The present invention also provides new and useful systems and methods for removing carbon dioxide from a mass of carbon dioxide-laden air, with great efficiency and low total costs, including low capital expenditures and low operating expenses.

According to the present invention, a new process and system are developed using assemblies of a plurality of monolayers, or layers, which are coupled to a single regeneration box, in a ratio dependent on the speed of adsorption

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Compare the speed of regeneration of the adsorbent. In preferred embodiments, the monolayers are supported on a closed annular path, preferably forming a closed curve; The monolayers are rotated along the path, respectively, while exposing a moving stream of ambient air or a mixture of gases that includes a large proportion of the ambient air. At one location along the route, the rotation is stopped and one is trekked

5 of monolayers in a closed box for treatment to extract CO2 from the adsorbent to regenerate the adsorbent. When the adsorbent is regenerated, the monolayers are rotated around the track until the next monolayer is in position to enter the regeneration box, when all monolayers are subsequently stopped from rotating.

Each monolayer of a porous substrate is formed on its surfaces by carbon dioxide adsorption amine sites, preferably with a large proportion of primary amines. And where you move

As the monolayers move along the path, they adsorb CO2 from the moving gas streams until each monolayer reaches the sealed box. Once securely placed inside the box, the adsorbent is processed to extract CO2 from the adsorbent, regenerating the adsorbent. The extracted CO2 is removed from the box and captured. The monolayer with the regenerated adsorbent 15 then moves out of the closed box and moves along the path with the other monolayer adsorbed further.

CO2, until the next monolayer is rotated into position to be moved into the regeneration box. At the extraction/regeneration site, the monolayer may be moved into a box positioned on or below the grade of the track, or the box may be positioned so that the monolayer in the box moves at the same grade level as the track, to form a seal with the monolayer. 20 These several alternatives are also identified below and planned in the attached drawings.

In cases where the replenishment box is below or above grade, the system must include a subsystem for raising or lowering the monolayer. In systems where the regeneration box is at the level of the tracks, a more complex sealing device is required, to provide a seal along the sides as well as along the top and/or bottom surfaces.

25

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CO2 adsorption and removal process

The basic premise of this process is that CO2 is desorbed from the atmosphere by passing air or a mixture of flowing air and gas, through an absorbent layer, preferably at or near ambient conditions. Once CO2 is adsorbed by the adsorbent, the CO2 should be collected, and the adsorbent 5 should be regenerated. The final step is performed by heating the adsorbent with steam in the containment box

Closed to release CO2 and regenerate the adsorbent. CO2 is collected from the box, and the adsorbent is then available to re-adsorb CO2 from the atmosphere. The only major limitation to this process is that the adsorbent can be quenched if exposed to air if it is at a “too high” temperature. The adsorbent can therefore be cooled before leaving the monolayer of the box and being returned to the air stream.

10 In general, more time is required to adsorb CO2 from the ambient air than to release CO2 in the regeneration step. With the current generation of adsorbent this difference requires an adsorption period of approximately 10

Many times greater desorption step than that required to release CO2 and regenerate the adsorbent, when treating ambient air. A system with 10 monolayers and a single regeneration unit was thus devised

As a basis

Current for a single circulation system. If the performance of the adsorbent improves over time, i.e. a percentage of time

15 This adsorption extends to the mixing time, thus reducing the number of monolayers required in the system. on

In particular, if used

In a higher loading model for the adsorbent, an adsorption period of one hour is evident

One, thus requiring one regeneration box to serve only 5 monolayers. In addition, the relevant treatment times vary with the CO2 concentration in the treated gas mixture, so that the higher the CO2 content, the shorter the adsorption time relative to the regeneration time, e.g.

20 For example, by mixing a combustion stream (flue gas) with ambient air through a gas mixer.

Chemical and physical activity are similar within monolayers, both during the adsorption cycle and the regeneration cycle.

regeneration cycle in the closed box, as described in previous requests that did not

25 Nos. 13/886,207 and 13/925,679 are being decided upon. These requests are not disclosed

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They are decided by reference in this document as if they were repeated in full, as amended in the new disclosure presented herein. In the system according to the present invention, each circulation system provides one sealable regeneration box for each set of rotating monolayers, the number of monolayers depending on the relevant times to achieve the desired adsorption and regeneration. In addition

<p dir="rtl">5 In addition, it has been found that greater efficiencies and lower costs are achieved by spatially connecting two recirculation systems and operating them temporarily in a suitable relationship to allow the two regeneration boxes of the single-layer recirculation systems to overlap, each being preheated by the remaining heat in the other as a result of regeneration. In the end; This also effectively cools the regenerating monolayer before returning it to its adsorption cycle on the recycling path.</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 This overlap of the regeneration box is achieved in accordance with this invention, by depressurizing the system of the first box such that the steam and water remaining in the first box evaporate after the release of CO2, and the system is cooled to the saturation temperature of the vapor at its low partial pressure. Furthermore, as described below, the heat released in this process is used to preheat the second adsorbent layer and thus provides approximately 50% sensible heat recovery, with a beneficial effect on energy use.</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 And water. This concept can be used even if an oxygen-resistant adsorbent is used. The susceptibility of the adsorbent to oxygen quenching at elevated temperatures is challenged during the development process and its performance is expected to improve over time.</p>

As discussed above, the adsorbent layer is preferably cooled before being exposed to air to avoid quenching by oxygen in the air. This cooling is done by lowering the system pressure and thus lowering the temperature

<p dir="rtl">20 The temperature of saturation of steam. This turns out to be effective in eliminating the issue of quenching the adsorbent where it works</p>

To reduce the system temperature. There is therefore a sufficient amount of energy removed from the layer being cooled during the decompression step. A new bed that has completed its CO2 adsorption step should be heated to release CO2 and regenerate the adsorbent. This heat can only be provided by steam at atmospheric pressure, but this represents an additional operating cost. To reduce this operating cost,...

<p dir="rtl">25 Develop a two-layer design concept. In this concept, the heat that is removed from</p>

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The box is cooled by reducing the system pressure, and thus the vapor saturation temperature, to partially preheat a second box containing a layer that has completed adsorbing CO2 from the air and which should be heated to initiate the CO2 removal step and regenerate the adsorbent. Therefore, steam usage is reduced by using heat from cooling the first box to increase the temperature of the second box. Complete

<p dir="rtl">5 The residual heat of the second box is achieved by adding steam, preferably at atmospheric pressure. This process is repeated for the other rotating monolayers in each of the two boxes and improves the thermal efficiency of the system.</p>

These and other features of this invention are described in, or become apparent from, the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.

10 Brief explanation of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic top view of a co-located pair of rotating systems with multiple monolayers for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere according to one illustrative embodiment of this invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the rotary system with multiple monolayers of Figure 15 1 for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere according to one illustrative embodiment of this invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic top view of one alternative to a co-interconnected pair of rotating systems with several monolayers for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere according to another illustrative embodiment of this invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the rotating system with several monolayers of Figure 20 3 for the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere according to the illustrative model of this invention;

Figures 5a and 5a-h are schematic drawings of a ground-shift version of a pair of regeneration chambers for removing CO2 from the center of the monolayer from Figures 1 through 4, using a ground-shift system or elevator to move the monolayer between the plane of the rotating track and the air contact position. Upper

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(where the air movement is assisted by a mechanical blower) and the displacement of the regeneration chamber is to the ground;

Figure 6 is a horizontal projection [schematic view] of regeneration chambers and monolayers on adjacent monolayer systems showing the piping system arrangement for each chamber and between chambers;

5 Figures 7a and b are schematic projections showing stationary fans and rotation with each monolayer, respectively;

Figure 8a is a schematic side view of the design of the dual induced axial fans and blown ventilators of Figures 7a, b;

Figure 8b is a schematic front projection of the design of the dual induced axial fans and blown ventilators of Figures 7a, b;

Figure 9 is a cut-out schematic projection of the design of the dual induced axial fans and blown ventilators of Figure 8b, along lines 9-9;

Figure 10 is a design of monolayer sealing systems, where angles and dimensions are increased for illustrative purposes;

15 Figure 11 is a schematic top view of a co-located pair of rotating systems with multiple monolayers for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere according to another illustrative embodiment of this invention; And

Figure 12 is a schematic arc projection of a co-occurring pair of rotating system with many monolayers, taken along lines 11-11 of Figure 11, for removing CO20 from the atmosphere.

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Detailed description:

A conceptual design of a system to perform these operations is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. The change is explained

5 Slightly based on the concept in Figures 3 and 4. The overall conceptual design is discussed above, and a detailed discussion of the process and required ancillary equipment is provided below.

In this model, there are “monoliths” placed in a ten-corner arrangement that is placed on a circular track. There are two circular/decagonal assemblies associated with each process unit and overlapping each other (see Figures 1-4).

10 Air is blown through the monolayers by induced intake fans placed on the inner sides of the monolayers. At one location the monolayers are positioned adjacent to a leak-proof single chamber box, into which each monolayer is inserted, as indicated by moving the layer radially to the outside of the track, for curing (i.e. heated to a temperature not greater than 130° Celsius, preferably not more than 120°C, preferably using

15 Microconvection steam to release CO2 from the adsorbent and regenerate the adsorbent). Alternatively, the box can be graded. In this model, the adsorption time of CO2 by the monolayer is 10 times the regeneration time of the adsorbent.

It should be realized that although monolayers are preferred, it is possible to use fixed layers of porous particulate, or granular, material that is reinforced

20 Within a frame, the location of the monolayer. In both cases a porous substrate works

supports an amine adsorbent for CO2, when the layer has the same surface area as the monolayer to support the adsorbent.

Mechanical requirements:

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Figures 1-4, 11 and 12 illustrate the basic operational concepts of the system. There are 10 “monolayers” 21, 22 disposed in each ten-member assembly device that are movably supported on a circular track 31, 33. There are two circular/ten-member assemblies A, B associated with each process unit and interfacing with each other. Air is passed through each of the monolayers 21, 22

5 By means of 23 and 26 induced draft fans, placed radially inside each of the decimal assemblies, they work to induce airflow beyond the outer circumferential surface of each monolayer and upward away from the system. At one location along the path 31, 33, the monolayers 21, 22 are adjacent to a sealable regeneration box 25, 27 into which the monolayers 22, 22 are inserted for regeneration treatment after completing one cycle around

10 Track.

Thus, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, a first layer 21 is rotated into a position under the regeneration box 25 and then moved vertically upward into the box 25 for curing; Or if the box 27 is placed under a step, Fig. 4, then the layer 22 is moved, orthically, down into the box 127 for processing; Or if on the step, the assembly is rotated to move the layer 21, 22 out

15 Box 27, such that layers 21, 22 are in position when movement along the path stops for all monolayers. When layer 21 is regenerated it is moved back on the track and the layer assembly is rotated, so that the next layer 21-2, 22-2 is in position. Layer 2 is then moved into the box for processing and then returned to the ring. This process is repeated continuously. Two ring assemblies work together, although the monolayers of each hexagonal assemblies are moved in and out

20 Their boxes are slightly different, as shown below, to allow heat to pass, for example, between box 25 and box 27, when regeneration is completed in one to provide preheating to the other box. This saves heat at the beginning of regeneration and reduces the cost of cooling the layer after regeneration.

3 locations are shown for replenishment boxes 25, 27. In Figures 1 and 2, boxes are placed

25 Regeneration 25, 27 on the rotating layer assemblies (at a nominal degree) and the layers are moved

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Single arcs upward in the boxes for replenishment. The elevated structure is just that required for the boxes, which is placed on rotating monolayers on a cantilever structure

cantilevered structure

In Figures 3 and 4 the boxes 125, 127 are placed under the step and under the rotating bed assemblies.

5 The boxes are placed in a single excavation with adequate access to maintenance and process piping. Layers are moved orthogonally down into the bins.

In Figures 11 and 12 the regeneration boxes 321, 327 are placed on a step with the rotating bed assemblies. Boxes are placed with adequate access for maintenance and process piping is also on grade. Suitable sealing surfaces are jointly applied to the box and to each layer, 10 so that when the layer rotates into position in the box, the box is sealed 322, 327.

In all cases ancillary equipment (such as pumps, control systems, etc.) is preferably placed at a level within the perimeter of the track that serves to support the rotating bed assemblies 29, 39. Regeneration boxes can be placed at different levels, In particular, places without separation from the concept of this invention.

<p dir="rtl">15 These designs, compared to the device disclosed in the prior art, can:</p>

<p dir="rtl">• Reducing structural steel;</p>

<p dir="rtl">• Place all major equipment at a staggered level away from replenishment boxes that serve only as containment vessels;</p>

<p dir="rtl">• Ensures that there is no interference with the airflow of the monolayers, as the boxes are at 20 different levels of the path;</p>

<p dir="rtl">• Requires only one agitator or none at all for monolayers, to insert into the individual box each set of, for example, 10, monolayers;</p>

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<p dir="rtl">• It reduces or eliminates the time required for layer movements in and out of the box, especially when the boxes are on grade;</p>

<p dir="rtl">• Allows all tubes to be fixed in position; And</p>

<p dir="rtl">• Allows two regeneration boxes to be adjacent to each other with minimal clearance to allow desired heat exchange for increased efficiency.</p>

The mechanical operations required, with the necessary machinery and capacity, include:

<p dir="rtl">• Rotate two sets of layer assemblies around a circular track on a supporting structure</p>

<p dir="rtl">• Precision positioning elements to accurately determine the position at which the monolayers are stopped to ensure free movement of the monolayers in and out of the regeneration box</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 • Remove the layer from the layer group on the path, insert the layer into the regeneration box, remove it</p>

The layer is removed from the regeneration box and re-inserted the layer into position on the path assembly. All of these movements occur in an orthogonal direction, or alternatively as part of an orthogonal rotational motion on the track. Monolayers and regeneration boxes are designed such that, for horizontally movable monolayers, there is an air-tight seal between the top and bottom of each monolayer and shell

<p dir="rtl">15 Fund reinforcement. Examples of some conceptual designs of these seals are shown in Figure 10.</p>

In all cases, referring to Figures 1-6, the layer 21-1 (ring A) is rotated into position and then moved up or down inside the box 25 for curing. The pressure in the box 25 (which contains the layer 21-1, loop A), for example, using a vacuum pump 230,

<p dir="rtl">20 To less than 0.02 MPa absolute. Box 25 is heated with steam at atmospheric pressure through line 235 and CO2 is generated from layer 21-1 and removed through outlet pipe 237 from box 25 for CO2 and the condensate is separated on condenser 240 (Figure 5a).</p>

Layer 22-1 (ring B) in box 27 (ring B) while box 25 is being processed, as stated

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Above (Figure 5b). The supply of steam to the box 25 and outlet pipe for CO2 is stopped and the condensate is isolated. The box 25 and box 27 are connected by an opening valve 126 in a connecting piping 125 (Figure 5c).

The pressure in the box 27 is reduced using a vacuum pump 330 connected to the box 27. It operates

<p dir="rtl">5 This lowers the system pressure in both boxes and draws the steam and inert materials remaining in box 25 to box 27 and then to the vacuum pump. This cools the box 25 (and thus layer 21-1 ring A) to a lower temperature (i.e. the saturation temperature at partial vapor pressure in the box) and serves to reduce the oxygen quenching potential of the adsorbent when layer 21-1 is placed back in the box. The air flow also preheats the box 27</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 (And thus layer 22-1, ring B) from ambient temperature to the saturation temperature at a partial pressure of steam in the box 250. Therefore, energy is extracted and the amount of atmospheric pressure steam required to heat the second box 27 (and layer 22-1, ring B) is reduced. (Figure 5d). As the vacuum pump 330 reduces the pressure in boxes 25 and 27, the temperature of the first box 25 is reduced (from 100 °C). Almost to a fairly intermediate temperature) and the degree is increased</p>

15 The temperature of the second box is 27 (from the ambient temperature to the same intermediate temperature). The

CO2 and inert materials from the system by vacuum pump 330.

The valve between the first box 25 and the second box 27 is closed and the boxes are isolated from each other. The layer 21-1 Ring A is now cooled below the oxygen quenching temperature of the adsorbent when the layer is placed back into the air stream. The second box 27 and layer 22 are preheated

20 1, ring B, thus reducing the amount of steam required to heat the box and layer (Figure 5e). Then

Layer 21-1 Ring A is lifted back into the layer assembly. The A-ring layer assembly is rotated one layer and then the A-ring layer 21-2 is inserted into box 25, where it is ready for preheating. Box 27 is heated with atmospheric steam and the extracted CO2 is collected (Figure 5f).

When the second box 27 (which contains layer 22-1 ring B) is completely replenished,

25 The steam supply to Box B is isolated and the pipe for CO2 and condensate is isolated using

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Valves 241, 242. Valves 126 are opened between the first box 25 and the second box 27 and the pressure in the boxes 25, 27 is reduced using the vacuum pump system 230 of the box 25. The temperature of the second box 27 (and thus layer 22-1, ring B) is reduced. (See 5 above). To be completed

Increasing the temperature of the first box 25 (containing layer 21-2, ring A) (see 5

5 (above) (Figure 5g). The vacuum pump 230 reduces the pressure in the boxes 25, 27. The temperature of the box 25 is reduced (from approximately 100°C to a somewhat intermediate temperature) and the

The temperature of the second box is 27 (from the ambient temperature to the same intermediate temperature).

Remove CO2 and inert materials from the system by vacuum pump 230. Layer 22-1, ring B, is lifted back into the ring assembly and the assembly rotated one layer. Then layer 22 is inserted

10 2, ring B, in box 27. Box 25 is heated (containing layer 21-2 ring A)

Using atmospheric steam to release CO2 and regenerate the adsorbent (Figure 5h). Preheating of box 27 then occurs as described above. The process is then repeated for each of the layers where the ten layers are rotated several times.

Design variables

15 The current basis for system design is as follows:

Weight of the single monolayer to be moved: 680 kg - 4535 kg. (including supporting structure)

Approximate size of the layer: width -5-6 metres

Height - 9-10 metres

20 Depth –0.15-1 metre

It should be noted that layer dimensions can be modified based on the specific conditions at the geographic location of each pair of systems and the processing variables that are required or obtainable.

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The system includes 10 monolayers in each of the decagons, the outer dimensions of the decagonal structure being approximately 15-17 metres, preferably about 16.5 metres. Single layer bracing structures can be individually driven, for example, by an electric motor and drive wheel along the track, or the bracing structure can be fixed to a specific location along the track and a single large motor is used to drive the track 5 and all the structures around the closed loop. In any case, the regeneration box is placed at a location and the movement of all structures can stop when one of the support structures is positioned to be moved in the regeneration box. The economics of a single thruster, or multiple thrusters, depend on several factors, such as location and If propulsion is completed by an electric motor or by a specific fuel propulsion engine. The nature of the propulsion units is not a feature in itself of this invention, and are all known to persons skilled in the art. Examples of suitable engines include internal or external combustion engines or propulsion engines

Gas compression, for example Stirling cycle operation, process steam, hydraulic or pneumatic engines.

When the replenishment box is placed at track level, the top 20 meters is approximately at a grade of the track, and when the replenishment box is placed below a grade of track, the top 15 meters of the box is directly below the grade of the track. The box must be located on the grade with a minimum of

Monolayer uppers, to accommodate the entire monolayer within the box during regeneration.

Where the regeneration box is not on grade, the elevator system for moving the monolayer in and out of the regeneration box should be capable of completing the movement in and out of the box during 20 periods in the range of 30 seconds to 120 seconds, preferably between 30 and 45 seconds. The shorter the time period, the greater the flexibility of process variables available to the process. It is recognized that there are certain inherent mechanical limitations in moving bulky monolayers. One advantage when the regeneration box is on the grade is that ground motion is not necessary, as the monolayer only rotates in the box, as part of its rotational motion, and the seals; Thus, avoid movement

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The bed loss, time loss and additional capital cost of elevators. In each case, the two edges of the layer are solid and form seals with the edges of the regeneration box.

Operation and design details

This part is divided into the following sub-parts:

<p dir="rtl">5 • Part 1 - Describe the overall system design and use of the carburetor system for energy recovery</p>

<p dir="rtl">• Part 2 – Process description that includes the simplified PFD and description of the major items of the equipment</p>

<p dir="rtl">• Part 3- Conceptual mechanical design</p>

<p dir="rtl">• Part 4 - Issues that should be examined in more detail to arrive at a final ideal design discussed</p>

10 1. CO2 adsorption and removal process

In the process of this invention, CO2 is adsorbed from the atmosphere by passing air, or mixtures of air and flowing gases, through an adsorbent layer, the suitable adsorbents preferably including amines, preferably polyamines with at least a significant proportion of amine groups amine on the adsorbent, which is a primary amine. Once

15 CO2 is adsorbed by the adsorbent, it is extracted from the adsorbent and collected, while the

Regeneration of the adsorbent. This step is performed by heating the adsorbent with steam in a leak-proof container, or regeneration box. This releases CO2 and regenerates the adsorbent. CO2 is collected and the adsorbent is then available to re-adsorb CO2 from the atmosphere. A limiting variable of the process is that the adsorbent can be reactivated if exposed to air at an elevated temperature.

20 Therefore, the adsorbent should usually be cooled before returning it to contact with the air stream. This is accomplished, according to the present invention, by depressurizing the system so that the steam and water remaining in the regeneration box after the release of CO2 evaporate, thus cooling the system to the saturation temperature of the steam at its pressure

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New low partial. Furthermore, as described below, the heat released in this process is used to preheat the CO2-laden adsorbent layer, providing approximately 50% sensible heat recovery, with a beneficial effect on energy and water use. This concept is useful even if an oxygen resistant sorbent is used to extend the effective life of the adsorbent and the monolith substrate.

In general, a longer time is necessary for CO2 to be adsorbed from the air by the adsorbent than is required to release CO2 in the regeneration step. With current adsorbent regeneration this difference requires an adsorption duration approximately 10 times greater than the adsorption step compared to that required to release CO2 and regenerate the adsorbent. Thus a system with 10 monolayers and 10 individual regeneration units was used as the current basis. If the adsorbent is operated in a system where the adsorption duration is only approximately 5 times the adsorption step compared to that required to release CO2 and regenerate the adsorbent, the number of monolayers required in the system can be reduced, per regeneration box, for example, To one replenishment box to serve 5 monolayers. This also depends on the CO2 concentration in the gas mixture to be treated, and the adsorption period for any particular adsorbent.

15 As discussed above, the regenerated adsorbent layer is preferably cooled before exposing it to air to avoid possible quenching by oxygen in the air. According to this invention, such cooling is achieved by reducing the system pressure in the regeneration box, after regeneration, thus lowering the vapor saturation temperature. According to the present invention, this is achieved in a certain way such that a large amount of energy removed from the regenerating monolayer during the decompression step is transferred to a second layer 20 containing a CO2-laden adsorbent prior to its adsorption step, thus providing Some energy to heat the second layer to release CO2 and regenerate the adsorbent. This heat transfer from one regeneration box to the second reduces operating cost by providing only new steam to heat the monolayer. The amount of residual heat for the second box is achieved by adding atmospheric steam, but less is needed thus saving costs. This process is repeated for monolayers

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mutual exchange in both boxes and improve the overall thermal efficiency of the system. This concept is illustrated in Figures 1 to 6, 11 and 12.

In the preferred embodiment as shown in these drawings, there are 10 “monolayers” housed in a 10-way assembly which is positioned on a circular track. There are two 5-ring/10-way assemblies associated with each process unit and overlapping each other (see Figure

<p dir="rtl">1 (and Figures 5a-5h). Air is passed through the monolayers by preferentially induced draft fans positioned radially against the inner surfaces of the monolayers. At one location the monolayers are adjacent to a box into which the monolayers are inserted, as shown by moving the layer radially Off-stream, for processing (i.e. where it is heated with steam to release CO2 from the adsorbent and regenerate the adsorbent). Alternatively, the box can be located on the grade, such that the monolayer only moves along the track in the regeneration box 1 or moves to the outside of the track, into a box, and on the step. The final layer reduces the energy used to move the layer, while allowing the two regeneration boxes to be placed side by side, close to each other.</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 The basic operational steps of the systems in Figures 1-4 and 11-12 are defined above as follows:</p>

<p dir="rtl">1. The layer 21-1 (ring A) is rotated, after making a complete revolution, into position and then moved, for example, vertically in the box 25 for processing, Figures 1-4 and 5.</p>

<p dir="rtl">2. The box 25 (containing layer 21-1 (ring A)) is heated with steam at a pressure of 20 atm and the generated CO2 is removed, Fig. 5a-h.</p>

<p dir="rtl">3. Layer 22-1 (ring B) is placed in box 27 while box 25 is treated to regenerate the adsorbent.</p>

<p dir="rtl">4. The steam supply to the box 25 and the outlet pipe for CO2 is stopped and the condensate is isolated. Box 25 and box 27 are connected by opening valves in a connecting pipe 125.</p>

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<p dir="rtl">5. The pressure in the box 27 is lowered using a vacuum pump 330 attached to the box 27. This lowers the system pressure in both boxes and draws the remaining vapor and inert material in the regenerated box 25 into the other box 27 and then to the vacuum pump 330. This cools the regenerated box 25 (and thus layer 21-1 ring A) to a lower temperature 5 (i.e. the saturation temperature at partial pressure of vapor in the box) and reduce the effort to quench the oxygen of the adsorbent when it is placed back into the air stream. This process also heats the box 27 (and thus layer 22-1 ring B) from its post-adsorption temperature to the saturation temperature at partial pressure of vapor in the box 27. Energy is thus extracted from the regenerated box 25, and the amount of Atmospheric pressure steam required to heat the box 27 (hence</p>

10 Layer 22-1, Episode B).

6. The valve 125 is closed between two boxes 25, 27 and the boxes are isolated from each other. The layer 21-1, ring A is now cooled below the oxygen quenching temperature of the adsorbent when the layer is placed back into the air stream. The second box 27 and layer 22-1 Ring B are preheated and thus the amount of steam required to heat the box and layer is reduced.

15 7. Then layer 21-1 ring A is moved orthostatically again on the decimal path assembly. Complete

Box 27 is heated with atmospheric steam and CO2 is collected. The A-ring layer assembly is rotated one layer and then the A-ring layer 21-2 is inserted into the regeneration box 25, where it is ready for preheating. Figure 5h.

<p dir="rtl">8 When box 27 (containing layer 22-1 loop B) is completely regenerated, the steam supply 20 to box 27 and pipe 337 is isolated for CO2 and the condensate is closed off with</p>

Valves. The valves between the box 25 and the regeneration box 27 are opened and the pressure in the boxes 27, 25 is reduced using the vacuum pump 230 of the box 25. The temperature of the box 27 (and thus the layer 22-1 ring B) is reduced (see 5 above). The temperature of box 25 (which contains layer 21-2 ring A) (see 5 above).

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<p dir="rtl">9 22-1 The B ring is lifted back into the layer assembly and the assembly is rotated one layer. The layer 2-22 ring B is then inserted into the box 27. The box 25 (containing the layer 2-21 ring A) is heated with atmospheric steam to release CO2 and regenerate the adsorbent.</p>

It is understood that the reference to “layer” includes two monolayer substrates as well as an attached particulate layer 5 installed within the same amount of volume.

This process is repeated continuously and the two ring track assemblies work together, although the monolayers of each ten-track assembly are moved in and out of their respective boxes at slightly different times, so that the heat from the cooling of the early regenerated box preheats the box The last one is when the last monolayer is in place.

<p dir="rtl">10 In Figures 1 and 2 the boxes are placed on the rotating bed assemblies (which are positioned at a grade) and the monolayers are moved up into the boxes. The raised structure is just that required for the boxes, which are placed on the rotating monolayers on a cantilever structure.</p>

In Figures 3 and 4 the boxes are placed under the step and under the rotating bed assemblies. The boxes are placed in an individual cavity with adequate access to maintenance and process piping.

<p dir="rtl">15 In Figures 11 and 12, the boxes are placed on the grade, preferably on the track so that no additional ground movement at the machines is necessary. Alternatively, the regeneration box can be placed on the grade to the outside of the decimal layers, moving it radially from the track.</p>

In any case auxiliary equipment (e.g. pumps, control systems, etc. – see Part 2) is positioned at a grade radially within the rotating bed assemblies.

<p dir="rtl">20 2. Process equipment and controllers</p>

Figure 6 shows the general design of the proposed system:

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<p dir="rtl">• There are two decimal layers of monolayers in a single system. Therefore, the individual system contains 20 (twenty) monolayers.</p>

<p dir="rtl">• There are 9 propellers per 10-side layer (there is no set of propellers at the location where the monolayers are inserted into the boxes). Currently two axial propellers are preferred</p>

5 Ordinarily the mattress associated with each layer is of the size mentioned above, i.e., 10 meters high and 5 meters wide. Therefore for a single system there are 2 x 18 = 36 axial fans. However, the choice of number and size of propellers depends on several factors.

<p dir="rtl">• Each of the nine fans per decimal layer remains stationary (i.e. does not rotate with the layers). A sealing system such as a wall with flexible end seal is preferably provided with each fan, to reduce</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 Lateral passage of air around the monolayers. It is realized that the monolayers do not move continuously, but stop where one layer reaches the location of the replenishment box, and then start again so that the layer leaves the replenishment box. The fixed fans are positioned so that when entering the regeneration box layer, each layer is positioned opposite and prevented from leaking by a fan device. Alternatively, propellers can be attached to the rotating layer structure and attached to the layers. In this case the number increases</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 Fans: 2 x 20 = 40 axial fans for each individual system. (See Part 3).</p>

<p dir="rtl">• There are two regeneration boxes 25, 27 in a single-double path toroidal system; Each fund serves one of the decile classes.</p>

<p dir="rtl">• The size of monolayers is not considered standard. As a first estimate it should be assumed that each layer is 5 meters wide x 10 meters long x 1 meter deep. This initial size can be adjusted based on</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 Economic analysis and other factors.</p>

<p dir="rtl">• Only the main valve is shown in Figure 6 and additional valves, equipment, piping and controllers are necessary for safe commercial operation, which are well known in the art.</p>

During regeneration and CO2 release from the bed, an atmospheric pressure and temperature of 100°C-120°C are supplied directly to the regeneration box 25, 27 containing the bed. The effect of steam lies

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Heating the layer and box, releasing CO2 and producing condensation. The condensate is removed to a collection system. The CO2 is removed from the box, along with some steam and inerts, by the effect of a 225, 227 CO2 blower. The exhaust stream from the box is passed through a heat exchanger (240 condenser), where the stream is cooled and an output is also produced.

5 Condensate, it is sent to the condensate collection system 291. The produced CO2 is finally sent through line 229 for storage and compression or can be used directly in another process, such as algae growth, without compression. CO2 pressure is not included in the scope of this process description. Preferably, air is at least partially drawn from the regeneration box 25, 27, after being sealed with a stratum, before steam flow begins, in particular where CO2 is compressed. In a way

10 Preferably, the pressure in the closed regeneration box is reduced to no more than 0.2 absolute bar before steam is fed and CO2 extracted. It is preferable to remove as much non-condensable material from the air as possible, to reduce the cost of compression.

It is desirable to reduce the amount of water in the CO2 exhaust stream after the condenser, as the more water present the greater the compression costs associated with storing the CO2 product; The condensed matter increased and I had to remove it

15 In the interstage coolers of compressors if not removed before. The amount of steam remaining in the exhaust stream that is sent to storage is a function of the lowest temperature of the refrigerant available and the size of the condenser installed. The determination of these values in any given case is based on an economic evaluation of the relevant costs of compression (capital and operating), refrigerant temperature (eg whether ambient air, cooling water or refrigerant is used) and the capital cost of the heat exchanger.

20

If properly designed, the condenser should also be capable of separating the liquid and vapor streams. However, a separator cylinder or similar type unit may be necessary to separate the liquid and vapor streams before passing the vapor stream to the CO2 blower 225, 227.

227,225 CO2 blower can be ring liquid pump. If this type of unit is chosen, it is then capable of handling the liquid condensate in the incoming stream, and 25 condensates are removed from the annular liquid system and sent to the condensate store. If no unit is used

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With a ring type liquid pump then additional steps are necessary to ensure that the steam stream entering the blower does not contain too much liquid. Therefore, the choice of the type of unit used for the CO2 blower can affect the design of the upstream equipment.

When the regeneration step is completed, all valves are closed and both boxes are isolated. To cool

5 The box and layer that have completed the CO2 release and the adsorbent regeneration step are then preheated and the other box and layer are at ambient temperature. The following steps take place:

<p dir="rtl">• The isolation valve 126 is opened between the boxes</p>

<p dir="rtl">• The vacuum pump 230 , 330 associated with the bed is operated at ambient conditions</p>

<p dir="rtl">• The effect of the vacuum pump is to withdraw steam (initially, for example, at 10 atm and approximately 100 m) from the box that has completed CO2 production and bed regeneration (the “hot” box),</p>

In the box at ambient temperature. The reduced pressure cools the regenerated hot box and regenerated bed to a temperature substantially lower than the initial temperature after regeneration, i.e., approximately 100°C, due to the lower partial pressure of the steam reducing the saturation temperature of the steam. Where the steam is drawn from the "hot" box and layer this begins

<p dir="rtl">15 The current in heating the second box and the layer (initially at ambient temperature) is due to vapor condensation on the walls of the box and within the channels of the adsorbent layer. As the vacuum pump continues to operate, the pressure in both boxes is reduced and a final pressure is reached (approximately 0.2 bar absolute in the present example At this point both boxes and their monolayers are at approximately the same temperature (approximately 60°C in the current example). The “hot” layer has thus been cooled to a temperature</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 Whereas, when returned to the CO2 adsorbed air stream as well, the adsorbent will not be inactivated to any significant extent by the presence of oxygen in the air. At the same time, the layer at ambient temperature is supplied with a large proportion of the heat required to raise its temperature to approximately 100°C to extract CO2 and regenerate the adsorbent. The final pressure at which the coupled boxes reach is determined by the temperature constraints on the adsorbent in the presence of oxygen.</p>

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<p dir="rtl">• Once the specified pressure level is reached in both boxes 25, 27 the vacuum pump 230, 330 is stopped, the isolation valve 126 between the boxes is closed and the regeneration bed is returned to atmospheric pressure.</p>

<p dir="rtl">• The cold layer is returned to the ring track assembly, this assembly rotates until the next 5 layer is moved into position to enter the box, then the rotation stops.</p>

<p dir="rtl">• The second box and the layer in the second box 25, 27, which was preheated to approximately 60°C, are simultaneously supplied with atmospheric pressure steam and heated to 100°C to remove the CO2 and regenerate the adsorbent. The CO2 vapor is removed, and the inert materials are removed by a CO2 vacuum blower 225, 227 associated with that box. (See text above and Figure 6).</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 • The process is then repeated continuously, to renew the boxes mutually 25, 27.</p>

It is possible to use only a single CO2 blower and a single CO2 vacuum pump for each pair of regeneration boxes, a separate blower for each box, or a central system, i.e., a single CO2 vacuum pump 230 , 330 and a single CO2 blower 225 , 227 to serve multiple system pairs.

Figures 1 and 2 show the conceptual mechanical design where there are two decimal layers in

<p dir="rtl">15 Each system where layers are lifted into or from boxes that are placed on a circular track system and supported by a cantilevered structural steel structure. Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a similar concept except the boxes are placed under a step in an individual cavity and the boxes are lowered into the bins. It is also possible to have the box on a step, and to rotate each layer only in a sealing relationship with the box, with the ring turning and then stopping at</p>

20 Prevent layer leakage in the regeneration box.

Figure 7a shows a conceptual design of a propeller support system for induced axial drag. Prevents cervical walls 38 extending from each edge of the layers to a specific location radially within the fans (this wall is shown only in Fig. 7a) along the surface seal 136 where the walls touching the edge of the layers extend, in addition to the upper and lower surfaces 36, 37 shown In cross section, between

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In order to ensure that the air is closed, the air from the side passes around the layers 21, 22, with the fans 26 remaining in a fixed position. Preferably, the walls 38 and the upper 36 and lower surfaces 37 are each provided with an elastomeric bumper 136 that does not contact the front of the layer 22 but compresses against the edges of the layer when the layer 21 is fully rotated into an air intake position.

5 Figure 7b shows a conceptual design in which the propellers 326 are rotated with the monolayers attached to them 21. This requires the propeller support structures to be part of the toroidal rotation system and increases the power required to rotate the monolayers, in particular the initial torque required to initiate rotation. This option allows for the elimination of bypass air around the layer so that the seals are permanent and do not require movement.

10 Figures 8a, b, and 9 show a conceptual setup for fans 326 and blower ventilators 425 that can be used to ensure uniform air distribution across the monolayers using two fans per layer, when the layers are 10 m long.

Mechanical operations that may be required for a positioning system to ensure that monolayers are moved in and out of boxes accurately include:

<p dir="rtl">15 • Rotate two sets of layer assemblies around a circular track on a support structure</p>

structure

<p dir="rtl">• The exact placement location where monolayers are stopped to ensure free movement of monolayers in and out of regeneration boxes, and in and out of seals with air guide walls and seals, when the fans are stationary.</p>

20 • Remove the layer from the layer group, insert the layer into the refresh box, remove the layer from

Box and re-insert the layer onto the circular path group, where the layer is moved orthogonally. When the replenishment box is on grade, layer removal may not be necessary.

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The monolayers are designed so that there is an air-tight seal between the monolayers and the interior of the box, and between the layer and the fan support structure when in position where air is passed through the layer. Figure 10 shows a conceptual design of a laterally tapered seal system that prevents layer leakage at either the upper and lower regeneration box positions (Figure 10a) 5 of the regeneration box (Figure 10b). Figure 10c describes an arc projection.

Two sealing systems are installed laterally on each layer frame, each corresponding to the 150 channel of the regeneration box. One duct is located in the box and the other duct is located in the ring assembly where the layer is placed to remove CO2 from the air stream.

Each of the channels 150 through which the seals are passed is also tapered. When it is moved to the top, the sealant used is narrow at the top - for the channel, it is wide at the bottom -

To prevent leakage. This causes the sealant to be inserted into the channel in which it slides and prevents leakage. The channel into which the sealant slides is also tapered to match the sealant tapering. As the layer is lifted, the gap between the channels and the sealant narrows. This gradually centers the layer in the correct location and causes the gap between the sealant and the channel to gradually decrease. When they are fully lifted, it is taken

15 The sealant and channel are the same width from top to bottom, the sealant is tight against the channel, the sealant is produced, and the layer is placed in exactly the right position.

When inserted down, another narrow seal is used at the bottom, which allows it to withstand the seal being inserted into the tapered channel (which is wide for the seal and has the same taper as the seal) at the bottom position into which it slides and prevents leakage. with regards

20 To operate the seal in the upward direction, the gap between the seal and the taper channel decreases as the layer moves into position, centering the layer and producing said seal. In addition, there is also a concentrated seal between the bottom of the bed and the bottom of the regeneration box on the track and the top of the bed and the top of the regeneration box when the box is under the track as in Figures 3 and 4. When the replenishment fund is at the level as shown in the figures

25 11-12, there are edges or sides of the layer of sealant.

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When designing an elevator system for the horizontal movement of a layer, either up or down, the approximate time period required for the vertical movement of the layer ranges, for single layers weighing approximately 4535 kg, and having dimensions of 5 square meters x 10 square meters x 1 m, between the track And the box – 30 seconds over 120 seconds. The shorter this period, the greater the flexibility of process variables available for process development. for this reason

<p dir="rtl">5 The grade replenishment fund has some features.</p>

<p dir="rtl">1-4 Characteristics of the adsorbent and layer thickness</p>

It should be understood that the specific dimensions and other considerations shown above are based on the use of polyethyleneamine (PEA) as the adsorbent. Where improved adsorbents are realized, they adsorb more quickly and/or are less susceptible to the effects of oxygen at low temperatures. High, on

<p dir="rtl">10 For example, dimensions and operating temperatures can vary, as can the number of layers per regeneration box and the speed of layers around the path.</p>

Currently the pressure drop through the adsorbent layer (which is usually a porous silica or alumina substrate with PEI on their surfaces) is preferably limited to 1 inch H2O, the current structure of the adsorbent layer and the surface air velocity used for the design

<p dir="rtl">15 (2.5 m/s in the free stream) at a specific depth (in the air flow direction) of the layer. This affects,</p>

Turn, on the depth of the box. The assumed pressure drop, layer porosity, channel size, and surface air velocity can all be modified with changes in the adsorbent and/or substrate, such that with adsorbent performance, this can result in a different preferred layer depth. One improved system is achieved by using a substrate consisting of silica coated with alumina and a primary amine polymer.

<p dir="rtl">20 polymer, such as poly(allyl)amine, or one of its derivatives, coated on their surfaces.</p>

2-4 Minimum design pressure – regeneration boxes

The greatest effect of the minimum design pressure adds to the costs of the boxes used to heat the single adsorbent layers. The minimum design pressure is chosen based on achieving the vapor saturation temperature (at the partial vapor pressure in the box at the lowest design pressure) such that the layer is cooled to less than

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The temperature at which the adsorbent is significantly quenched when exposed to oxygen in the air stream.

The lower the pressure, the thicker the plates and the heavier the stiffening structures required for the box. Using poly

A primary polyamine, such as poly(allyl)amine, as is now generally available, preferably the current minimum design pressure of 0.2

<p dir="rtl">5 Absolute bar for a large box, a heavy and expensive item of equipment even with a layer size of approximately 3m x 5m x 1m. In a commercial unit a larger layer can be desirable. However, as the layer size is increased the weight and cost of the box increase in capacity (not linearly) with the box dimensions.</p>

In addition, the higher the minimum design pressure allows the greater amount of heat extraction, as the “cold” box can be heated to a higher temperature and less atmospheric vapor is necessary.

<p dir="rtl">10 Therefore, the ability to use a significant minimum design pressure (i.e. greater than 0.2 absolute bar) leads to a significant advantage, if an adsorbent is used that cannot be quenched at higher temperatures.</p>

3-4 Fund material structure

When the regeneration box is designed from carbon steel and stainless steel, it results in a heavier and more expensive structure. Other structural materials include, for example, carbon fibre

<p dir="rtl">15 Another man-made material), which allows for cost savings, as well as weight.</p>

<p dir="rtl">4-4 Air distribution inside and outside the monolayers</p>

It is essential that the air flow through the monolayers is as uniform as possible. The use of induced axial draft fans with properly designed blowers to direct the airflow is useful in this context and is used, for example, with the petro-chemical air cooler equipment.

Another issue related to air distribution involves the speed of air that passes outside the monolayer in the decimal system. Depending on the ratio of the layer's height to its width, the speed of the air in an array of air blades rising from the circular opening formed by the upper parts of the monolayer can be high, and should be taken into account in the design of blower fan ventilation devices.

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5-4 Use single outlet ventilators with the ability to extract energy

It is realized that if the size of the monolayers is reduced there is the possibility of using a very large axial fan installed horizontally in a circular opening at the top of the monolayers. This pulls air through the monolayers and then moves all the air vertically out of the assembly. There may be a blown ventilation device

5 On the fan to direct air and prevent recirculation. In addition, the ventilator outlet can be designed to achieve some energy recovery by using a small constraint and then expanding, as is done in cooling towers using a small fan and blown ventilator setup. If the amount of air I want to move becomes too large, this option will not be practical.

6-4 Use a central CO2 blower and condensation system and the amount of condensation required before the CO2 blower

10 In the current design there is a 240 condenser before the 225 CO2 blower. This removes water and reduces the steam load on the blower. Alternatively, an individual central condensing system can be used; It can process all CO2 product streams from all units in multiple system pairs. This reduces systems complexity and reduces costs. However, the upshot of this is that each CO2 blower should be designed to handle a humid vapor stream using a higher flow rate. Each system should be evaluated to determine the option

15 More economic.

7-4 Use a central CO2 pump

While depressurizing the system and transferring heat from the “hot” regeneration box to the “cold” regeneration box, a 230 CO2 vacuum pump is used. In the preferred design shown, a vacuum pump is associated with each regeneration box. Under special conditions a vacuum pump can serve

20 CO2 is one and the other in a two-ring system. In addition, a large single CO2 vacuum pump can be used to serve multiple systems. Reducing the number of vacuum pumps reduces the capital cost associated with the system.

Preferably, the use of a ring type fluid pump seems to be beneficial as any condensate produced in the fluid ring system is found and removed very easily.

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8-4 Removal of the layer/replacement of the adsorbent

Adsorbent monolayers should be maintained during the life of the process. This includes maintenance activities on the bed moving systems (both rotary and bed), adsorbent replacement, maintenance, etc. These activities should be performed with the monolayers in place or may require removal of the monolayers from

5 Collection. Monolayers are removed by installing a second lifting system that can then move the monolayers out of the track for joining. Alternatively, monolayers can be designed to be removed using a jack. Other options are available.

With the foregoing disclosure in mind, it is believed that various other methods of operating a plurality of bed systems for removing carbon dioxide from a gaseous mixture, in accordance with the principles herein, are evident to those skilled in the art,

10 Including the use of various conventional steps and components that are well known or will become known and may be useful in implementing the present invention without themselves being part of the invention. The scope of this invention is limited only according to the scope of the following claims.

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