Untitled record

Full description of the invention

Hydrocarbon fluids such as oil and natural gas are obtained from a subterranean geologic formation, referred to as a reservoir, by drilling a well penetrating the hydrocarbon-bearing formation.

<p dir="rtl">5 . Once a wellbore has been drilled, various forms of well completion components can be installed to control and enhance</p>

Efficiency of producing different fluids from storage. One piece of equipment that can be installed is a sensor system, such as an optical fiber sensor system.

US Request 7406409 delves into a visual interrogation system and visual interrogation system inclusion system.

<p dir="rtl">14 US Order No. 5450955 relates to sensors, in particular a fiber optic sensor</p>

For polarimetry, the objective of the invention is to provide a new differential polarimetry optical fiber sensor.

US Order No. 7187816 delves into the whitelight . white light interferometer

Interferometer (WLI) based on a long period fiber

<p dir="rtl">15th Grating (LPFG). More specifically, the present invention relates to fiber-optic sensors.</p>

Special for measuring distance/displacement, near-field surface profile, vibration measurement, and measurement

٤٦٢٧

-٣-

Temperature, pressure measurement, refractive index measurement and detection

bio/chemical detection.

US Order 6457461 delves into a fiber optic transmission system for solitary wave signals with sound wavelength multiplexing, which has many wavelengths of

<p dir="rtl">5 Multiplexing has been selected to ensure a relative slip between multiple channels that is substantially equal, over a given distance and for several times measured in bits.</p>

Fiber optic sensors make use of the fact that environmental influences, such as pressure, strain, vibration, and temperature, can alter the amplitude, phase, frequency, spectral content, or polarization of light.

<p dir="rtl">14 of light through optical fibres. The advantages of fiber optic sensors include their light weight, small size, passive nature, energy efficiency, roughness, and immunity from electromagnetic interference. In addition, fiber optic sensors are characterized by very high sensitivity, large dynamic range, and bandwidth. However, it can also be distributed, certain categories</p>

<p dir="rtl">15th sensors or transmit them multiplexed along the optical fibers so that an appropriate interrogation system can be used to monitor specific environmental variables at multiple locations.</p>

When deployed in a hydrocarbon well, the variables can provide indications of the properties of the production fluids and/or the properties of the surrounding land formation. Then it is possible to conduct drilling, production and various remedial operations based on the information derived from the variables that are extracted.

54 monitored.

General description of the invention

The objective of the invention is to provide a differential polarized optical fiber sensor design which allows interrogation of distant birefringent sensitive fibers using a dense fiber bead method by utilizing a localized birefringence compensation fiber. Involves an additional purpose of invention in

٤٦٢٧

-٤-

Provide a neutral polarized optical sensor design in which the sensor and the compensated fiber portions are spatially separated from each other in order to allow far passive interrogation of the remotely sensed portion of the fiber by direct polarization analyzes from the light emitted by Fragment of localized compensation fibers.

5 The present invention delves into a method for measuring temperature via optical fibers and a temperature sensor

Fiber-optic thermostat, suitable for direct-to-eye monitors, with heating components

electronic devices, and blindness towards

Special Kirby units that are used in the generation and distribution of electrical power, where the goal of the current invention is to provide a process for measuring the temperature of an optical fiber for a polarized optical fiber and an optical fiber temperature sensor for a polarized process.

<p dir="rtl">14 Whereas, the sensor is a simplified structure, fluid operation, and allows for spatial determination of the temperature, where this is done with great accuracy, and where standard components are provided that are used with a temperature sensor. Another objective of the invention is to provide a method for measuring temperature which is particularly suitable for use in temperature monitoring of optical devices and devices, and in particular for use in the production and distribution of electrical energy. The purpose of the present invention is also involved</p>

<p dir="rtl">15th In providing an improved temperature sensor that allows for good mounting arrangements and temperature-pressure arrangements and this method can be performed without the drawbacks of previous systems.</p>

Brief explanation of drawings

Certain models are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, where similar reference numbers indicate similar items. It should, however, be realized that the attached drawings illustrate only the various applications

<p dir="rtl">54 described in this document and is not intended to limit the scope of the various techniques described in this document.</p>

Figure 1: A schematic illustration of the temperature and pressure sensor unit that can be

It is used in a multi-sensor fiber optic monitoring system, according to one of the models.

٤٦٢٧

-٥-

Figure 5: A schematic illustration of a multi-channel spectrum optical fiber monitoring system using a sensor assembly with multiple sensors, according to a model.

Figure 4 : Diagram showing the optical spectrum of an ideal grooved fiber sensor.

Figure 0 : Diagram showing the optical spectrum of an ideal polar sensor.

<p dir="rtl">5 Figure 5: A schematic illustration of another fiber-optic monitoring system for a multi-spectrum channel with a sensor assembly and multiple sensor units, according to one of the models.</p>

Figure 6: A schematic illustration of another fiber-optic monitoring system for a multi-spectrum channel with a sensor assembly and multiple sensor units, according to one of the models.

Figure 7: A schematic illustration of another fiber optic sensor assembly with 14 multiple sensor units that can be used in multi-spectrum channel optical fiber monitoring system applications, according to one of the models.

Figure 8: A schematic illustration of a fiber optic sensor assembly with multiple sensors that can be used in multi-spectrum channel optical fiber monitoring system applications, according to one of the models.

Figure 9: Schematic illustration of a multi-spectrum channel fiber-optic monitoring system with an assembly of 15 fiber optic sensors deployed in a wellbore extending into a hydrocarbon product formation, according to an embodiment.

Description:

In the following description, many details are explained to provide an understanding of the subject disclosed in this application. However, those skilled in art are aware that the subject matter disclosed54 can be implemented without these details and that many variations or modifications of the models described may be possible.

٤٦٢٧

-٦-

In the specification and the accompanying Claims: the terms “communicate,” “connection,” “connected,” “in connection with,” and “connection” are used to mean “in direct contact with” or “in connection with one or more of the elements.” The term “group” is used to mean “one or more elements”. Moreover, the terms "couple", "coupling" are used.

<p dir="rtl">5 "coupled", "coupled with coupled together", and "associated with" to mean "directly coupled together" or "together by one or more elements". As used in this document, the terms "up", "bottom", "upper", "bottom", "up", "down", "before", "after", "above" and "below" are used. ,, and other similar terms that show the relative positions above or below a particular point or element in this description to describe some</p>

<p dir="rtl">14 The models that are disclosed in this document more clearly.</p>

Various models include the fiber optic sensor system, which includes an optical fiber sensor assembly with multiple sensors spread along the optical fiber. Sensors are designed to provide simultaneous measurements of temperature and pressure that can be used, for example, to compensate for the temperature-pressure transverse sensitivity of the measurement.

<p dir="rtl">15th The sensing system also includes a multi-spectrum channel interrogation system that is designed to interrogate and obtain measurements from sensors in both the time domain and the optical spectrum. In this way, instantaneous temperature and pressure measurements can be obtained from multiple sensors spread along individual optical fibers and at the locations of specific detected variables.</p>

Many existing temperature and pressure fiber sensing systems use any of the masers

<p dir="rtl">54 Tunable or a tunable optical filter with a wide-band source such as a wavelength scan source to obtain measurements from a temperature and pressure sensor. The source is operated in continuous wave (CW) mode, which limits the sensing system to one sensor per optical fiber. In addition, this type of sensing system may not detect the location of the sensor along the optical fibre.</p>

٤٦٢٧

-٧-

As the demand for more information from smaller sensor systems increases, so does the demand for sensor systems that can deploy more than one sensor. To handle measurements from multiple sensors, the sensor system operates in a time scale in which the light source is operated in a pulsed mode so that measurements from individual sensors can be distinguished separately

<p dir="rtl">5 On the basis of the movement time of the optical pulses that propagate in the optical fibers. Accordingly, the sensing system models deploy a sensor assembly with multiple temperature and pressure sensors along the optical fiber and work to inquire about the sensors using a pulsed light source. To separate the temperature measurements from the pressure measurements, split spectrophotometric channels are implemented.</p>

In various applications of the sensing system, the temperature and pressure sensors deployed 14 include two different types of sensors:

in a way. polarimetric fiber sensor

In general, the grating fiber sensor is a sensor that is formed at the core of the optical fiber by doping the optical fiber with a substance such as germanium and then subjecting the fiber side to the interference pattern to produce sinusoidal changes in the refractive index of the core.

<p dir="rtl">15th . Two methods for providing the interference pattern include holography and bias phase mask</p>

grating, any of which alter the refractive index along the length of the fiber to form a narrow optical bandwidth reflector. The central wavelength of the grating is determined by the degree and mean of the grating refractive index. The central wavelength at which the grating reflects an optical signal is primarily a function of temperature, but is also slightly pressure sensitive.

<p dir="rtl">54 The polar fiber sensor generally depends on the length of the side hole . fiber</p>

Polarization maintaining to maintain polarization crystal fiber or crystal fiber

(PM) (ie, bore fiber for a side hole). The side hole fiber has two parallel holes that run along the length of the winding and are parallel to the core of the winding. The axes of the holes and the core rest in a common plane. This geometry results in a shift of hydrostatic pressure

<p dir="rtl">55 The outer layer causes anisotropy to find at the core, which then leads to induction of refraction. my uncle though</p>

٤٦٢٧

-٨-

Although changes in temperature can affect heart failure, the sensitivity of the lateral puncture fiber sensor to pressure is much greater than its sensitivity to temperature. Accordingly, the side-hole optical fiber pressure sensor can be used effectively in applications where temperature changes are almost non-existent. However, the relative insensitivity of the fibers makes

<p dir="rtl">5 Temperature side hole It is not appropriate to measure temperature.</p>

Accordingly, different models use a combination of these two types of sensors to provide simultaneous temperature and pressure measurements. By operating the interrogation system in a pulsed mode, multiple paired sensor units can be deployed along a single optical fiber. Since the paired sensor units include different types of sensors that feature 14 different light wave widths, the interrogation system can implement multiple optical spectrum channels to separate and measure

Information from each type of sensor. For example, in the optical spectrum, a notched fiber sensor has a relatively narrow optical bandwidth of less than 14 nm (for example, approximately 4.5 nm), while a polar sensor has a relatively wide optical bandwidth that is typically greater than 04 nm, and so on, in some

<p dir="rtl">15th Examples, the spectral channel with a narrow bandwidth can be used to measure the spectral response of the grated fiber sensor, and the spectral channel with the wide bandwidth can be used to measure the spectral response of the polar sensor.</p>

An example of a temperature and pressure sensor 144 that can be used in different models is shown in a schematic cross-sectional view in Figure 1. The sensor unit 144 includes a

<p dir="rtl">54 A 145 optical fiber section passes through an optical 140 feedthrough in room 146 bounded by a 148 metal housing formed, for example, from titanium. The hydrostatic pressure that is applied to the metal housing 148 is transferred to a glass tube 114 glass tube which is placed inside the chamber 146. In the pattern shown, it is filled inside the glass tube 115 114</p>

<p dir="rtl">55 . With a metal (for example, gallium or gallium alloy) in liquid form in</p>

٤٦٢٧

-٩-

the intended operating medium. The inside of the glass tube 115 114 is also vented into the chamber 146 of the metal housing 148 through a capillary ventilation device 110 and thus to provide pressure transfer between the chamber 146 the metal housing 148 and within the glass tube 115 114. In this design, the inside of the glass tube 115 forms 114 pressure chambers Combined with an operable image of Room 146 Metal Housing

<p dir="rtl">5 148, and the metal housing 148 protects the components in it from the middle outside the housing 148</p>

As such, the Sensor 144 is suitable for harsh environments, such as downhole monitoring in oil and gas exploration and production applications. The optical fiber segment 145 extends into the glass tube 115 and 114 where it is paired with a series of optical processing elements, including the 116 MF groove and the in-line polarizer.

<p dir="rtl">14 118 polarizer, a section of a lateral perforation fiber or a pore filament to retain polarity</p>

154 polarization-maintaining crystal fiber, and a 155 fiber mirror, placed inside the glass tube 114. Exemplary embodiments of the sensor unit 144 are described in US Patent No. 7680656. In some embodiments, the sensor unit 144 may also include a bellows structure ( Not indicated (to be placed at the end of the metal housing

<p dir="rtl">15th 148 corresponding to the interstitial conductor 140. In these embodiments, the bellows structure provides a longitudinal deformation of the housing.</p>

148 When responding to hydrostatic pressures applied to the sensor 114. The longitudinal deformation alters the chamber volume 146, thereby transmitting environmental pressure changes to the glass tube 114. The models of the MSV sensing system disclosed in this document include an assembly A fiber-optic sensor that includes pressure sensors

<p dir="rtl">54 - Multiple temperature, such as the sensor module 144, is spread along the optical fiber. Complete</p>

One of the ways to implement this 544 system is schematically illustrated in Figure 5.

As shown in Figure 5, the 544 sensor system comprises a 545 fiber optic sensor assembly with multiple sensor units, such as the 144 sensors from A to N, which are spread along the 546 optical fibers. Each sensor 144 from A to N is paired with fiber

<p dir="rtl">55 Optical 546, such as by means of a tap coupler with a 548 of a</p>

٤٦٢٧

-١٠-

to N, which may be a high temperature (HT) screw coupling. For example, a high temperature (HT) coupling can be 548 from A to

n are fused fiber couplings made of tempered glass weld technology. In the shown embodiment, the 548 screw couplings from A to N have a split ratio of 5:95, so that the orientation of

5 5: From the interrogation pulse capacity to the sensor unit. Other division ratios are also described, including

That's smaller proportions. In general, the split ratio is determined based on the number of sensor units 144 from A to N that are deployed along the 546 optical fiber. Although the 0 144 sensors are illustrated in Figure 5, it should be recognized that the fiber optic sensor assembly

545 It can have fewer or more sensors depending on the particular application in which it is deployed

<p dir="rtl">14 Sensor 545. In various applications, such as those in which the sensor units 144 A to N are deployed in a downhole medium (for example, in a hydrocarbon well), the couplings 548 A to N and the sensor units 144 can be designed From A to N to work to withstand temperatures and operate at temperatures up to 454 m and pressures up to 175.0 MPa.</p>

<p dir="rtl">15th Referring again to Figure 5, the fiber optic sensor assembly 545 also includes 514 delay fibers that are positioned between the coupling links 548 to introduce the delay propagation of optical signals. These delays facilitate the differentiation of the return signals from the A to N 144 sensors from each other on the basis of the relevant movement frequencies. The location of each 144 sensor unit can also be distinguished from A to N based on movement times</p>

<p dir="rtl">54 The known speed of light propagation in optical fibres.</p>

The 544 sensor system also includes a 515 interrogation system coupled to an optical fiber sensor assembly 545 via an optical fiber 546. As shown in Figure 5, the 515 interrogation system includes a 510 optical pulse generator that drives a 516 semiconductor optical amplifier, Capable of generating light pulses when

<p dir="rtl">55 Suitable wavelength for interrogation Sensor units 144a-c. 516 - loudspeaker can be carried out</p>

٤٦٢٧

-١١-

Semiconductor optical, for example, by part number 10- SOA-SC-FCA available from CIB Technologies, of Suffolk, UK, although other semiconductor optical amplifiers may be used that are suitable for the particular application in which they are made. Use of the sensor system 544. In the embodiments shown in Figure 5, amplifiers can operate

5 The semiconductor optical sound 516 is designed to generate light pulses at a wavelength of 1554 nm for firing in the fiber optic sensor 545.

For interrogation Sensor units 144 A to N, the optical pulse generator 510 generates a pulse to drive a semiconductor optical amplifier 516. The semiconductor optical amplifier 516 then generates a light pulse (for example, in the form of an automatic massive emission) that is fired 14 In optical fibers 546. A portion of the interrogation pulse is propagated to each of the 144 sensors from A to N through the helical couplers 548 from A to N. When responding, each sensor 144 from A to N reflects some of the power of the interrogation pulse (eg in the order: 1-5) back to the 515 interrogation system. Due to the delay of the 514 fibers placed between each of the 144 sensors from A to N , the mercy time of the reflected signals 15 is different for each of the 144 sensor units from A to N, which allows choosing

The special sensor module is 144 for a scale, as is also explained below. In addition, because each A to 144 sensor unit includes two different sensors (for example, the grooved fiber sensor 116 for temperature and the polar sensor 154 for pressure), the signal returned from each unit includes Sensor 144 from A to N 54 on a set of spectral components resulting from both types of sensors 116 and 154

When responding to an interrogation impulse.

Because the returned signal received by the 515 interrogation system is amplified and re-amplified in an active cavity (as explained in more detail below), the contributions of two different sensors 116 and 154 are subject to the reflexive and re-amplified signal increment 55 competition. ،, which can create complications when processing the signal to separate components of the spectrum that indicate

٤٦٢٧

-١٢-

Temperature is one of the spectral components that indicate pressure. Accordingly, to eliminate increased competition between the components of the signal returned from the 144 sensor, the response of each sensor 154/116 of the 144 sensor is measured separately by the 515 interrogation system by implementing separate spectral channels.

5 For example, referring back to Figure 5, the interrogation system 515 comprises two spectral channels 518 and 554, which are implemented by a photo switch 555, a wavelength division multiplexor (WDM), 550

555 polarization scrambler. The 550 wavelength division multiplexer separates the returned signal which was used at its inputs in channels 14 518 and 554 at its outputs on the basis of wavelength. In particular, the spectrum channel is

The optical 518 at one of the outputs of the wavelength division multiplexer 550 is a narrow-band channel (for example, on the order of 14 nm) that is used to measure the components of the returned signal produced by the 116 fiber-grid sensors of the 144a-c sensor When responding to an interrogation impulse. The Spectrum Channel 554 at the other 15 output of the wavelength division multiplexer 550 has a wider bandwidth (eg greater than 04 nm), and is used to measure the components of the returned signal produced by the polarized sensors 154 of the 144a-c sensors. When responding to an interrogation impulse.

The light switch 555, for example, can be implemented by part number -SW2x1-9N

Sercalo Microtechnology Ltd. of Liechenstein 54 16-12 available from

Other suitable optical switches may also be used). When one of the channels 554/518 is selected with the 555 light switch (for example, by applying the appropriate control signal to the 555 switch), the components of the returned signal corresponding to the selected channel are rotated to Optical amplifier semiconductor 516 amplifier The impulse signal from the 510 pulse generator operates on

55 Operating a semi-conductor optical amplifier 516 and FSMIA. . When turned on, the signal that is

٤٦٢٧

-١٣-

Return through a semiconductor optical amplifier 516 and amplified. When they are closed, the returned signal is weakened. Thus, by controlling the pulse frequency of the 510 pulse generator based on the known travel times of the optical pulses in the fiber optic sensor 545, the 516 semiconductor optical amplifier can be turned on, in time to select a signal

5 From a specific sensor unit 144 is required from a to n.

When turned on to select a special sensor unit 144 from a to n, a semiconductor optical amplifier 516 amplifies the wavelength components of the signal that is returned in the selected spectrum channel 554/518 and then the amplified signal is reversed from the 554 reflector (for example, mirror) to a semiconductor optical amplifier 516, where they are magnified again, thus forming a flash of light

<p dir="rtl">14 Active in which the inverted optical pulse, re-amplification leaving a semiconductor optical amplifier 516 at wavelengths that are originally reflected from the selected sensors 154/116 from the selected sensor unit 144 from A to N when responding to the interrogation pulse. Because of the retraction</p>

With multiple reflective signals passing within the optical circuit, strong light pulses can be produced at wavelengths corresponding to the selected sensor 116/154 even when it is characterized by

<p dir="rtl">15th The 116/154 sensor has very low reflectivity. Accordingly, the 144 sensors comprising sensors having relatively low reflections (for example, 1-5:) can be interrogated and the number of 144 sensors spread along the 546 optical fibers can be increased. Moreover, the pulse can be more easily detected The resulting photodiode that has been magnified multiple times detected by a spectrophotometer.To this end, the system of Figure 5 includes</p>

<p dir="rtl">54 Also, on a spectrophotometer, an optical spectrum analyzer 556 is associated with the optical path 558 through a coupling device 559, such as helical couplings or a beam splitter, and is arranged in order to detect the spectral envelope of the selected amplified optical signals. The spectral loading device 556 is characterized by a relatively wide bandwidth, which is suitable for detecting the spectral envelope of the signals returned by the sensor units 144 from a to n. My uncle</p>

55 For example, in the embodiments shown in Figure 5, a semiconductor optical amplifier 556 blind

٤٦٢٧

-١٤-

Producing interrogation pulses with an optical wavelength of 1554 nm, gratings 116 characterized by a nominal central wavelength of about 1516 nm, and a bandwidth of less than 14 nm, and the polarity sensors 154 characterized by a bandwidth of about 04 nm.

To detect the spectral envelope of the returned signals, a spectrophotometer 556 in 5 of this model has a bandwidth of 84 nm in the range of 1514-1594 nm and can be implemented, for example, by means of the available part number 5.4 I-MON E-USB From Ibsen Photonics of Farum, Denmark. It should, however, be realized that other scanning devices of suitable wavelength for different bands may also be used that are designed to scan the spectrum of signals returned from certain types of sensors that make up the sensor units 144 in the 545 optical sensor assembly. To extract temperature measurements, the spectrophotometer 556 examines the spectrum components in the amplified signal from the grooved fiber sensor 116 to determine its maximum peak. The change in wavelength indicates the temperature of the medium in which the grooved fiber sensor 116 is deployed.

Similarly, when the optical switch 555 selects the second channel 554, which is a wide-band channel 15, the signals produced by the polarized sensors 154 are rotated to a semiconductor optical amplifier 516 by a polarization-changer device 555, amplified, inversely by A reflector 554, re-amplified by a semiconductor optical amplifier 516, is routed into a single-coupled channel 558 from a wavelength-division multiplexer 550, and detected by a 556-detected spectrophotometer through a chiral coupling stain 559. The device 54 spectrophotometers 556 examines the spectral components in the amplified signal from the polar sensor 154 to determine the optical spectrum overlap. The optical difference length between the x and y polarization media represents the change in the optical length difference between the x and y polarization beams of the polar sensor 154 and, therefore, denotes the pressure in the center of the polar sensor 154.

In the models shown, there is a device to change the polarization 555 in the second spectrum channel 55 554 spectrum channel because the signal that is returned from the polar sensors 154

٤٦٢٧

-١٥-

It is highly polarized, and the 516-516 semiconductor optical amplifier has a large polarization-dependent loss. This loss can be eliminated by depolarizing the signal before directing it to a semiconductor optical amplifier 516.

In various embodiments, a spectrophotometric loading device 556 may include a receiver

5 An optical device, such as a photodiode array, that detects an amplified signal and has an output coupled to a signal processing system 544, such as is done by a communication channel

wired or wired communication channel

signal processing system The signal processing system is included. communication channel

544 on one or more appropriate treatment devices 545 (for example, a multi-purpose processor).

<p dir="rtl">14 general purpose processor</p>

processor, application specific processor, etc.) with an associated 540 memory and designed to evaluate the spectral response obtained from the unit

Selected sensor 144 to extract temperature and pressure measurements located in the center of the unit

sensor. As another example, the signal processing system 544 can also be designed to derive measurements

<p dir="rtl">15th Pressure-compensated temperatures and/or temperature-compensated pressure measurements. These measurements can be analyzed in real time to inquire about decisions about the actions taken</p>

They should be taken in the medium in which the fiber optic sensor assembly 545 is deployed. For example, in hydrocarbon upstream applications, these procedures could include operating a downhole component, such as a valve, to control the flow of the production fluid into the wellbore. Instead, it is done

<p dir="rtl">54 Store the measurements in the form of data in the storage device for later analysis and use.</p>

An example of an optical spectrum of a grooved fiber sensor 116 with a central wavelength at 1516 nm, as measured by a 556 - spectrophotometer 556, through the first channel 518, is shown in graph 504 in Figure 4, which depicts the amplitude at vertical axis versus wavelength on the horizontal axis

<p dir="rtl">55 axis . This measurement can be processed by the 544 processing system to determine the peak wavelength from</p>

٤٦٢٧

-١٦-

The grooved fiber sensor 116 and, therefore, to extract the temperature measurement. An example of the optical spectrum of a polar sensor 154 that is measured by a spectrophotometer through the second channel 554 is illustrated in graph 554 in Figure 0, which depicts the amplitude on the vertical axis versus the wavelength on the horizontal axis. I can get long

<p dir="rtl">5 The optical path of the polar sensor 154, which indicates pressure, was processed by processing the optical spectrum using the Fourier transform algorithm. Thus two measurements from the spectrum channels 518 and 554 together can provide instantaneous measurements of temperature and pressure.</p>

Another multi-channel model is illustrated, the 564 . multi-sensor fiber optic monitoring system

<p dir="rtl">14 Figure 5. In this embodiment, a photo switch is not used and two of the spectral channels 565, 560 are instead implemented using a 566-semiconductor optical amplifier 556, and a 568 reflector in the first channel 565 supplied at the output of the length division multiplexer waveform 550 and a semiconductor optical amplifier 575, the other and an inverter 570 in the second channel 560 supplied at the other output of the wavelength division multiplexer 550. Can work</p>

<p dir="rtl">15th Using different semiconductor amplifiers 566, 575 to amplify the reflected signals separately from the fiber optic sensors 116 and the reflected signals from the polar sensors 154 at the speed of acquisition of measurements where the two channels can work to take measurements simultaneously. The pulse generator uses 510 simultaneous impulses for each of the 566 and 575 - SOAs to select the required sensor module 144 from a to n for a scale. The signals that are generated are measured</p>

<p dir="rtl">54 amplified and inverted from both sensors 116, 154 in each of the sensor units 144 from A to N from the optical spectrum analyzer 556 and processed by the signal processing system 544 as shown above to extract the temperature and pressure measurements</p>

Another multichannel model, the Multi-Sensor Fiber Optic Monitoring System 584, is illustrated in Figure 6. In this model, two spectrophotometer channels 585, 580 are implemented using

<p dir="rtl">55 586-semi-conductive optical amplifier, inverter 588 and 594 spectrum loading devices</p>

٤٦٢٧

-١٧-

(Screw coupler stud 591) is for channel one 585, and chiral coupler stud 595 is for channel two semiconductor, spectrum loader device 595 and inverter 590 and 596 - spectrum load device (and chiral coupler device 597) is dedicated to channel second channel 580, with device Polarization change 555. In one of the implementations of the system 584 of Figure 6, a semiconductor optical amplifier 586 produces,

5 It produces light pulses of wavelength of 1414 nm, and produces a semiconductor optical amplifier 595, light pulses of wavelength in the range of 1554 nm. The 559 1554/1414 is a 550 nm wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) and the WDM, 594 and 596 are narrow bandwidth devices designed to detect spectral components focused around 1414 nm and 1554 nm, respectively. The use of interrogation impulses of no length works

<p dir="rtl">14 Different wavelengths increase the number of 144 sensor units that can be deployed along an individual optical fiber. The pulse generator applies separate 510 driving signals to each of the 595 and 586 in order to select a special sensor module 144 from A to N for the gauge. The 594 and 596 are compared with the signal processing system 544 so that the optical spectra detected by the 594 and 596 and the temperature measurements can be processed.</p>

<p dir="rtl">15th And pressure that is inferred from me.</p>

In the embodiments discussed so far, the sensor units 144 from A to N have included 116 and 154 fiberglass sensors and polar sensors for measuring temperature and pressure, respectively, and different components of the 515 interrogation system operate in the wavelength ranges appropriate to the signal. Reflected by these types of sensors. Should, however, ed ark

<p dir="rtl">54 The multi-spectrum channel 515 interrogation system can be used in the time domain using various other types of fiber optic sensors (such as the Fabry-Perot Cavity sensor) that have different spectral responses. It should also be recognized that the special sensors used It can depend on the type of variable to be monitored in a particular application, and that the variables that are monitored can be other variables other than temperature.</p>

<p dir="rtl">55 and pressure, such as shaking and agitation.</p>

٤٦٢٧

-١٨-

Also, each of the different types of sensors included in the fiber optic sensor assembly can monitor the same type of variable (for example, temperature), but with a different type of spectral response to that variable.

For example, an example of a 515 . multi-spectrum channel interrogation system can be used

<p dir="rtl">5 In the time scale described in this document with a fiber optic sensor assembly that uses wavelength multiplexing techniques, such as any of the 444 and 445 fiber optic sensor assemblies shown in Figures 7 and 8 respectively. Referring to Figure 7, the fiber optic sensor assembly 444 comprises 440 optical fibers with multiple fiber grooves.</p>

446 From A to N, 448 from A to N, 414 from A to N, placed along the length 415 with

<p dir="rtl">14 415 delay fibers placed between the gratings. In this model, gratings 446 from a to n, 448 from a to n, 414 from a to n are arranged in groups 418, 454, and 455, where the gratings within a given group are largely characterized by the same central wavelength. When used with the implementation of the Multi-Spectrum Channel 515 interrogation system in the time scale, described herein, responses from each</p>

<p dir="rtl">15th Group 418, 454, 455 gratings in split spectrum channels. can choose</p>

Specific group 418, 454, 455 sensors and special sensors 446,

448, 414 within a select group by controlling the pulse generator that drives the semiconductor loudspeakers in the 515 interrogation system, as shown above. The 515 interrogation system may have a separate spectrum channel for each group of sensors and any number of

<p dir="rtl">54 Combinations with the possibility of implementing any number of sensors, depending on the specific application in which the sensor 444 is deployed.</p>

Referring to Figure 8, the fiber optic sensor assembly 445 again includes 410 optical fibers with 450a-c, 456a-c, 458a-c multi-fiber gratings placed longitudinally with the 444 delay fibers placed between the gratings. The gratings are arranged

<p dir="rtl">55 in groups 445, 440, 446. In this model, each hurdle is characterized by 450, 456, 458 in each</p>

٤٦٢٧

-١٩-

A group with a different central wavelength than the other gratings within their two groups. Accordingly, when used with the implementation of the Multi-Spectrum Channel Interrogation System 515 in the time scale described herein, the responses of each sensor within a select group are measured in separate spectral channels. A certain combination of sensors and sensors can be selected

<p dir="rtl">5 of a selector group by controlling the pulse generator that drives a semiconductor optical amplifier, as shown above. Again, any number of groups and any number of sensors can be deployed within each group based on a particular application and specific capabilities of the 515 interrogation system.</p>

In some embodiments, the systems and techniques described in this document may be used with an intelligent completion system

<p dir="rtl">14 Placed inside a well that penetrates a hydrocarbon-bearing earth formation. Parts of the smart completion system may be placed within the jacketed portions of the well, while other portions of the system may be in an uncapped, or open, borehole portion of the well. An intelligent completion system may comprise one or more of various components or sub-systems which include, but are not limited to: casing, pipes and control lines, (electro-optical fibers or</p>

<p dir="rtl">15th hydraulic, electric, fiber optic, or hydraulic, packers (mechanical, sold, or chemical), flow control valves, sensors, inflow control devices, hole liners, safety valves, plugs or valves line polarizer, inductive couplings, electric wet connects, hydraulic wet connects,</p>

<p dir="rtl">54 Wireless telemetry hubs and axes and downhole power production systems. Parts of the systems located in the well may be connected with the systems or sub-systems located at the surface. Surface systems or subsystems can in turn communicate with other surface systems, such as systems that are at distant sites from the well.</p>

For example, as shown in Figure 9, a fiber-optic cable, such as fiber ., can be deployed

<p dir="rtl">55 Photovoltaic with 546 with BIA sensor assembly 545 multi-sensors, in wellbore 404</p>

٤٦٢٧

-٢٠-

To monitor the physical variables associated with the region of interest 405. In some embodiments, the coil 546 and the sensor assembly 545 can be deployed in the annular space between the output tubes 400 and the casing 406 as shown. The 515 interrogation system can be placed on the 454 deck and coupled with the 546 optical fibers to send the interrogation pulses to the 545 sensor assembly, and to detect the components

<p dir="rtl">5 The returned spectral in signals returned by different sensors from the 545 sensor assembly. The spectral components detected by the 544 processing system can be manipulated to determine the variables of interest (eg, temperature, pressure) by the methods described The processing system 544 can be co-located with the interrogation system 515, and it can be in the same position as the 515 system, or it can be placed after, and it can be sent</p>

<p dir="rtl">14 Data representing components detected via satellite or other communication network to a remote location, such as a remote control center.</p>

In the embodiment shown in Figure 9, to reach the area of ​​interest 405, wellbore 404 is drilled through the surface 454 and the casing 406 is lowered into the wellbore 404. Holes 455 are produced through casing 406 to produce a fluidized connection between the wellbore 404 and the formation in the area

<p dir="rtl">15th Concern 405. The production tubes 400 are then fixed and held in place so that fluid production can be achieved through the tubes 400. Although the structure of the casing well has been clarified, it should be recognized that the models that relate to the subject matter of this request are not limited to this illustrative example. Unsealed, open bore, gravel, proper, horizontal, multilateral, deep sea, terrestrial surface injection and/or production (others) wells may include a multi-sensor,</p>

<p dir="rtl">54 Multichannel fiber optic monitoring system as shown. In many applications, temperature, and/or pressure measurements obtained from the area of ​​interest using multiple sensors, a multiple channel system can provide useful information that can be used to increase productivity. For example, measurements can provide an indication of the properties of the production fluid, such as flow velocity, flow composition, and location of the inflow. This information can then be used to implement different types</p>

٤٦٢٧

-٢١-

from production or treatment processes, such as control valves to block production from specific areas, control the flow rate, and/or control the injection side.

And since the subject of this request was revealed in relation to a limited number of models, those skilled in art, after benefiting from this disclosure, realize many modifications and differences from it. The attached 5 elements of protection are to cover these amendments and changes that enter into the true spirit and scope of this request.

٤٦٢٧

-٢٢-