Improved process for producing a mechanical fastener and a mechanical fastener produced thereby.

An improved process for obtaining a mechanical fastener and a mechanical fastener produced with this

the operation

Background of the invention

The present invention relates to mechanical fastening systems and in particular a process for obtaining a fastening system having improved fastening properties and construction properties.

Well known in the art of practicing mechanical fastening systems that can be reinstalled. Typically, these anchoring systems have two main components, a dendrite (spike) that attaches to a substrate and integrates integrally with a second component, a receptor surface. The receiving surface ideally comprises one or more layers of strands or fibres.

A protrusion of the spike of the mechanical clamping system, ideally referred to as an engagement device, penetrates the receiving surface and interferes with or breaks strands or fibers of the receiving surface. The resulting mechanical interference and natural interception prevent the removal of the fork from the receiving surface until the separation forces exceed either the removal or shear force of the mounting system.

Those skilled in the art have often desired to select or design the rigging features of a mechanical rigging system to suit the desired use of the mechanical rigging system.

In certain applications, the shear strength of the clamping system becomes important (if not critical) and the designer may wish to tailor the shear strength of the mechanical clamping fork to suit the application.

For example, reattachable mechanical fastening systems may be used in combination with disposable absorbent devices such as tampons. U.S. Patent No. 4,846,815, issued on July 11, 1989, in the name of Scripps, discloses a diaper having a resealable fastening device that is resistant to commonly encountered shear stresses and is comfortable and does not irritate the wearer's skin. U.S. Patent No. 4,869,724 issued on September 26, 1989 on behalf of Scripps discloses a disposable absorbent material provided. Adhesive tape and re-attachable mechanical fasteners are used in combination to allow the disposable absorbent material to be fixed around the wearer and for appropriate use of the baby's diaper once it becomes soiled.

If a reattachable mechanical fastening system is used with disposable absorbent material - such as a disposable tampons - a minimum shear force is necessary to minimize the chances of the mechanical fastening system becoming dislodged during wear, allowing the garment to become loose or even be removed from the user. . This increases the possibility that the absorbent garment will not absorb body secretions that are intended to be absorbed by the disposable absorbent material.

If the disposable absorbent material is a product of an adult who is incapable of sexual self-control, reattachable mechanical fixation systems may be used as disclosed in assigned US Patent Application No. 07/382,157, Lot No. F40, filed on 18 July 1989, in the name of Gibson et al. However, in contrast to the need, as described above, for fastening systems necessary to maintain a minimum shear force, a mechanical fastening system (restraint) used in connection with a product for an adult who is unable to control himself or herself with regard to passing or stopping urine or faeces may need to be It only has a certain maximum shear strength. The difference appears because the user of the garment may have limited manual strength or dexterity, and if the shear force of the fastening system (reinforcement) is too great, the user may not be able to remove the absorbent disposable garment to inspect elements of soiling or to change the garment immediately.

Routine.

In another application, it may be desirable to have a mechanical clamping system that allows some sliding of the fork, relative to the receiving surface in a direction generally parallel to the plane of the receiving surface and the direction where clamping engagement is desired. This lateral sliding results in a clamping system that can be adjusted to some extent in the relative position of the prongs on the receiving surface on which the two components are held together.

Other characteristics, such as structural or geometric characteristics of mechanical fastening systems, may also be important. An expert in this art may wish to design the features of the mounting system. For example, the side protrusion of the prongs may be designed to accommodate a value such that the prongs integrate with a particularly desired receiving surface. Another structural property, the angle contained in the ramus with respect to the substrate, affects the depth to which the ramus (fork) penetrates through the receiving surface. Thus, the designer may also wish to tailor this property to the geometry of the anchoring system, appropriate to the strength of the layers and fibers or strands included in the receiving surface and the desired shear strength of the anchoring system.

In particular, it was found that there is a specific relationship between the angles contained in the branches with respect to the level of the subgrade and the shear strength of the anchoring system. In addition, there is a relationship between certain components (parameters) of the manufacturing process and the angles contained in the branches resulting from these processes.

As for forming a free-forming spine of a mechanical bonding system by placing and depositing a thermally sensitive material from a photogravure printing cylinder onto a moving bottom bracket, it is described in European Patent Application No. EP-A-0381087. The slide is noted

The bottom is passed through a rotating disc of two cylinders that have generally equal surface speed.

Accordingly, this invention aims to find a process for adjusting the design of the fastening properties in an appropriate manner, especially the shear force of the mechanical fastening forks, when manufacturing the mechanical fastening system. This invention also aims to find a process for adjusting the lateral protrusions of the mechanical fixation forks and the angles contained in the mechanical fixation forks in relation to the bottom layer during the manufacture of a mechanical fixation system. Finally, this invention aims to find a mechanical fixation fork that may slide sideways parallel. To level the receiving surface after the interference occurs and while the installation fork and the receiving surface are installed together. General description of the invention

The invention includes a reattachable fixation system consisting of mechanical prongs for attachment to a complementary receiving surface and a process for producing the reattachable fixation system. The reattachable mounting system has a substrate and at least one freely configured spine comprising a base, a stem and an interlocking means. It connects the base of the branch (fork) to the substratum and attaches to the stem and protrudes outward from the base. The interposition device is attached to the leg and protrudes laterally behind the circumference of the leg.

The mounting system is manufactured according to a process including the following steps:

Preparation of heat-sensitive material.

Heat the heat-sensitive material to at least the melting point.

Preparing a deposition medium.

Transferring the aforementioned sedimentation method in the first direction.

Prepare a first cylinder that rotates around its center so that this center is in a level parallel to the level of the aforementioned deposition method and perpendicular to the first direction of transportation.

Prepare a cell placed around the circumference of the first mentioned cylinder. Deposition of the said heat-sensitive material in the said cell. The first mentioned cylinder is rotated axially and at a superficial speed.

Sedimentation of separate quantities of said heat-sensitive material from said cell in said mobile sedimentation vessel.

Preparing a second cylinder supporting the first mentioned cylinder and having a center line parallel to the center line of the first mentioned cylinder. Place the second said cylinder next to the first said cylinder so that the opening and level of the opening are between them. The sedimentation vessel is passed through the aforementioned hole.

Rotate said first roller and said second roller with different mutual circumferential velocities at said contact edge to make the deposited heat-sensitive material move in a non-perpendicular direction.

Regarding the sedimentation method.

Separate quantities of the heat-sensitive material are deposited on the deposition medium such that there is a positive difference in speeds between the speed of the moving deposition medium and the speed of deposition of the heat-sensitive material.

This process may be characteristically performed using a printed cylinder having a group of cells placed around its circumference. Deposition of a heat-sensitive substance in cells. The printing cylinder rotates axially around its center line and moves the bottom layer in the first direction. The speed is proportional to the contact with the cells. Then the heated, heat-sensitive material is deposited from the cells on the bottom layer.

A backing cylinder is placed next to the impression cylinder to determine the protruding tooth and the level of the protruding tooth. The bottom layer is transported through the protruding tooth in contact with the cells of the impression cylinder. The substrate may be pulled away from the erupting tooth at an acute angle previously set relative to the level of the erupting tooth. The substrate may be pulled through the protruding tooth at a speed that is generally not equivalent to the circumferential speed of the impression cylinder.

In the process of increasing the shear strength of a mechanical stabilization system, the substrate is pulled away from the settling medium at a differential speed or at an obtuse angle. If the aforementioned cantilever and cylinder structure are used, this arrangement results in a sharp angle between the substrate and the cantilever plane.

Brief explanation of the drawings

While the full description of the invention concludes with the elements of protection, especially the reference to the elements of protection of the current invention, it is believed that a better understanding of the invention can be achieved from the following description, taking into account the attached drawings, where similar elements are distinguished by the same reference numbers and:

Figure (1) shows a side view of the interface of one of the forks of a fixation system according to the fixation system in the present invention.

Figure (2) shows a schematic side view of the interface of a device that can be used to produce a fork according to a clamping system included in the present invention.

Figure (3) shows a graphical representation of the effect of the speed differential between the transferred bottom layer and the deposition medium on the included angle of the fork shank with respect to two different angles between the bottom layer and the plane of the protruding tooth.

Figure (4) shows a graphical representation of the effect of the angle contained in the fork shank on the shear force of the mechanical stabilization system with respect to two different interface angles between the bottom layer and the level of the protruding tooth.

Figure (5) shows a graphical representation of the effect of both positive and negative velocity differentials on the shear force of the anchorage system with respect to two different interface angles between the bottom layer and the level of the protruding tooth.

Figures (6a) and (6b) depict two forks produced according to the present invention, each of which has the same positive velocity differential between the transferred substrate and the impression cylinder, and has different interface angles and the plane of the device's protruding tooth according to Figure (2).

Figures (7a) and (7b) depict two forks produced according to the present invention, and each of them has the same positive velocity differential between the transferred substrate and the impression cylinder, and they have different interface angles between the transferred tissue pace and the plane of the device’s protruding tooth according to Figure (2).

Figures (8a) and (8b) depict two forks obtained in accordance with the present invention, and each of them has the same interface angle between the transferred substrate and the plane of the protruding tooth of the device according to Figure (2), and they have different positive velocity differentials between the transferred substrate and the impression cylinder, and

Figures (9a) and (9b) depict two forks obtained in accordance with the present invention, and each of them has the same negative velocity differential between the transferred bottom layer and the impression cylinder, and they have different interface angles between the transferred bottom layer and the plane of the protruding tooth of the device according to Figure (2).

Detailed description

The clamping system (20) according to the present invention includes at least one prong (22) as shown in Figure (1), and preferably a row of prongs (22). Each spike (22) in the row may connect to a lower layer (24) in a previously determined pattern. Each of the forks (22) has a base (26), a stem (28) and an interlocking means (30). The bases (26) of the forks (22) touch and connect to the bottom layer (24), and support the proximal ends of the stem (28). The market (28) protrudes outward from the bottom layer (24) and the bases (26). The market (28) ends at a distant end connected to an intervening means (30).

We protrude the means of interference (30) radially and laterally from the stem (28) in one or more directions, and the fork may resemble the shape of a hook. As used here in this description, the term "lateral" means having a directional component generally parallel to the plane of the lower layer (24) at the main fork (22) being considered. The protrusion of the interference device (30) from the leg (28) at its circumference in a lateral direction allows the interference device (30) to be attached to a complementary receiving surface (not shown). The interference device (30) is attached, preferably adherent, to the distal end of the fork (22). It will be clear and evident that the interference device (30) may be connected to the fork (22) at a position located between the base (26) and the distal end of the stem (28).

As shown in Figure 2, the row of spikes (22) is produced by any suitable device and method, including methods that produce a free formed spike (22) as described herein in the full description and safeguards below. As used herein in this description, the term 'free formed' means a structure that has not been removed from a die cavity or extrusion die into a solid or defined shape. The spikes (22) are deposited on a substrate (24) in a molten state - preferably in a liquid state - and we harden by cooling - preferably by freezing - until they become solid in the desired structure and shape as described hereinafter.

The free forged fork (22) or row of forks (22) may be produced by a manufacturing process similar to the process commonly known as “fossil stamping”. Using this process, a generally flat substrate (24) with opposite faces is passed between the protruding teeth (70) of two cylinders, namely a cylinder. Print (72) and afternoon record (74), as shown in Figure. (2). The cylinders (72) and (74) have general parallel center lines and remain in contact with the bottom layer (24) as they pass through the protruding tooth (70). One of the two cylinders, especially referred to as the printing cylinder (72), has a row of closed-ended cavities, referred to as cells (76), corresponding to the desired pattern of prongs (22) to be deposited on.

Bottom layer (24). The second cylinder, referred to as the back cylinder (74), provides support and interaction off the impression cylinder (72) to position the substrate (24) against the impression cylinder (72) as the substrate (24) passes through the protruding tooth (70).

Bring heat-sensitive material, preferably thermoplastic, from which the prongs (22) are formed from a heated source, such as a bowl (80). The heat-sensitive material is heated, preferably at least to its melting point. The heat-sensitive material is introduced into the cells (76) as the impression cylinder (72) rotates around its center line. The cells (76) containing the heat-sensitive material transport it until they come into contact with the substrate (24) and deposit the heated heat-sensitive material on the substrate (24) in the desired shape.

As the relative displacement between the bottom layer (24) and the cylinders (72) and (74) continues, the prongs (22) expand in a direction that has a lateral component, generally parallel to the plane of the bottom layer (24), so that they form the leg (28) and the means of interference (30). ). Finally, the barbed portion of the fork (22) may be cut off from the interference device (30) by means of a disconnect device (78). However, the disconnecting device (78) may be omitted and this barb may be separated from the barbed portion without using the disconnecting device specified for this purpose (78), to make available the components for which the clamping system is produced (20) and to accommodate the disconnecting device without the disconnecting device. (78) This is a specific purpose. Due to the viscoelastic properties of the thermoplastic material, the fork (22) shrinks under the effects of gravity and the shrinkage appears during cooling. The thorn (22) is then cooled, preferably solidified in a solid structure with an interlocking device (30) integrated with the stem (28).

The mounting system (20) attaches to an integral receiver surface. As used herein in this description, the term "receiving surface" over which the interference device (30) of the prongs (22) to which the mounting system (20) is overlapped means any plane or surface having an exposed face and tightly spaced slots complementary to the interference device (30) and defined by a braid or One or more fibrils, or, alternatively, the exposed face is capable of deforming the local elastic profile such that the interlocking medium (30) may become trapped and not retract unimpeded. Openings or localized elastic shape distortions allow the interference medium (30) to enter the plane of the receiving surface, while strands (or unformed material) of the receiving surface prevent the occurrence

Between the holes (or deformed spaces) pull or release the fixation system (20) until the user desires it or otherwise exceeds the shear force of the fixation system (20). The receiving surface may be flat or curved.

A receiving surface comprising strands or fibers is said to be “complementary” if the openings between the strands or fibers are sized to allow at least one interference means (30) to penetrate the plane of the receiving surface, and the strands are sized to overlap or be interrupted by an interference means (30). A locally deformable receiving surface is said to be “complementary” if at least one interfering medium (30) is capable of causing a local distortion of the receiving surface plane. The distortion resists the isolation or separation of the mounting system (20) from the receiving surface.

Suitable receiving surfaces include cross-linking foams, textile fabrics, nonwoven materials, and sewn loop materials, such as Velcro loop materials sold by the Velcro Corporation of the United States, Manchester, New Hampshire. In particular, suitable receiving surfaces are stitched fabric, Model No. 970026, sold by Milliken Company, Spartanburg, South Carolina, and fabric sold by Guilford Mills, Greensboro, North Carolina, Model No. 16110.

Referring again to Figure (1) to examine the components of the clamping system (20) and prongs (22) individually in greater detail, the underlayment (24) of the clamping system (20) must be strong enough to avoid tearing and separation of the prongs (22) of the system Fixation (20), and it must be a surface to which the thorns (22) easily stick and capable of bonding to the material to be fixed according to the desire of the beneficiary. As used here in this description, the term “connecting” refers to a situation where a first member or component is connected or connected to a second member or component, either directly or indirectly, whereby a first member or component is connected or attached to an intermediate member or component and thus connected or attached to the member, Or the second component. The connection between the first member or component and the second member or component is intended to remain throughout the life of the tool. The term “substratum” means any exposed surface to which one or more spines are attached (22).

The bottom layer (24) must also be able to be rolled (rolls) to support traditional manufacturing methods, flexible so that the bottom layer (24) may bend and bend into the desired shape, and able to withstand the heat of the liquid (spikes) (22) that is deposited on it without melting. Or it has harmful effects until these spikes freeze (22). The bottom layer (24) must be available in various widths. The lower layers (24) include textile fabrics, spun materials, and non-woven materials; Rubber, vinyl, and films, especially polyolefinic films and preferably kraft paper. I found that

White kraft paper with a basic weight of 0.08 kg per square meter (50 lbs per 3,000 square feet) is suitable for this purpose.

The base (26) of the fork (22) is the generally flat portion of the fork (22) that connects to the lower layer (24) and integrates with the proximal end of the stem (28) of the fork. As used herein in this description, the term “base” means that part of the spine (22) that is directly in contact with the substrate (24) and supports the stem (28) of the spine (22). It is not necessary for a dividing line to appear between the base (26) and the stem (28) of the fork (22). It is only important that the leg (28) does not separate from the base (26) and that the base (26) does not separate from the bottom layer (24) during use.

The cross section of the base (26) shall allow sufficient structural integrity and clearance for the desired peel and shear forces of the anchoring system (20), based on the density of the prong pattern (22) and the stem length (28) of the prongs (22) individually, and also allow for adequate adhesion to the layer. Bottom (24). If a longer stem (28) is used, the base (26) should have an overall larger cross-sectional area to create sufficient adhesion to the substrate (24) and adequate structural integrity.

The shape of the footing of the base (26) on the bottom layer (24) is not critical, and may be enlarged in any direction to create greater structural integrity and thus greater peel strength in that direction. As used here in this description, the term "foot" means the flat area where the base (26) touches the bottom layer (24). The aspect ratio of the sides of the footstock must not be too large, otherwise the fork (22) may be unstable when subjected to forces parallel to the shorter side of the foothold. It is preferable that the phenotypic ratio be less than about 1:1.5, and a circular footwell is generally preferred.

Relevant to the embodiment described herein, there is a base (26) with a generally circular footing and a diameter of about 0.76 millimeters to 1.27 millimeters (0.030 to ..... inch). If desired, to make the anchoring system (20) have greater peel or shear strength in a particular direction, the cross section of the base (26) may be modified to amplify that direction, thereby increasing structural integrity and strength relative to the axis perpendicular to that particular direction. This modification causes the prongs (22) to become stronger when pulled in the amplified direction of the base (26).

The stem (28) is attached to the base (26) and projects outward from the base (26) and the bottom layer (24). As used here in this description, the term 'stalk' means that part of the spine (22)

Which is in the middle and adjacent to the base (26) and the means of interference (30). The leg (28) provides a longitudinal space for the interlocking device (30) from the bottom layer (24). As used here in this description, the term “longitudinal” means in a direction that has a vector component away from the substrate (24), and this direction works to increase the vertical distance at the level of the substrate (24) at the base (26) of the fork (22), Unless otherwise stated, it is a direction with a component directed towards this level of the lower layer (4 2).

The stem (28) and base (26) of each fork (22) are accompanied by a root (36). The 'root' is for the stem (28)

It is the point that is believed to be the center of the base (26) and is usually located inside the foothold of the base (26). The origin (36) can be seen by looking at the fork (22) from a side view. The “side view” is the view that takes any radial direction towards the leg (28) and the base (26), which are also parallel to the level of the bottom layer (24). If the clamping system (20) is made in accordance with the process described and protected below, it is preferable, but not necessary, to look at the spike (22) in transverse directions of the machine, relative to the direction of movement of the bottom layer (24) through the protruding tooth (70) when setting the origin (36). .

The lateral distance between the far edges of the foot of the base (26) for a specific side view is found, and this distance is bisected, so that the middle point of the base (26) for this view is obtained. When bisecting the foot of the base (26) for a particular side view, small discontinuous parts (such as connection curves or sharp parts falling on the connection of the lower layer (24)) are neglected. This point serves as the original point (36) of the leg (28).

The stem (28) forms an alpha angle (a) with the plane of the substratum (24). As used here in this description, the term "plane of the substrata" means the flat, flat surface of the substrata (24) at the base (26) of the main fork (22) in question. The angle alpha (a) is determined as follows. The fork (22) is viewed from its side. The 'side view' of the fork (22) is one of two specific side views, which are located as follows: The fork (22) is viewed visually from the two side views such that the direction in which it appears The maximum lateral protrusion (38) becomes visible. The “lateral protrusion” is the distance taken laterally and parallel to the level of the bottom layer (24) from the center of the base (26) in this view, meaning the origin (36) of the leg (28) to the protrusion of the farthest point laterally on the fork (22) visible in this view when this protrusion Point longitudinally and vertically below the level of the bottom layer (4 2).

It will be clear and obvious to the professional that the maximum lateral projection (38) is that distance to the outer circumference of the leg (28) or the means of overlap (30) from the side opposite the base (26). The side view of the fork (22) that reaches the maximum lateral protrusion (38) is the side view of this fork (22). It will be apparent to the professional that if the fastening system (20) is produced by the process described and protected below, the maximum lateral projection (38) is normally parallel to the direction of the machine, and hence the side view is normally oriented in a transverse direction to the machine. The height side view shown in Figure (1) is one of the side views of the fork (22). It will also seem to a man. The job is that there is another side view, generally 180 opposite to the side view shown (so that the maximum side protrusion (38) is directed to the left of the viewer). Suitable for either side view it is generally suitable for the processes described herein in this full description of the invention below.

The origin (36) of the stem (28) - as described by Aliyah - is shown with the fork (22) in the side view. While the fork (22) remains in side view, an imaginary cutting plane (40-40)—generally parallel to the plane of the substrata (24)—makes a tangent to the circumference of the fork (22) at the point or segment of the fork (22) that has the greatest perpendicular distance from Bottom layer level (24). This is consistent with the part of the fork (22) containing the highest points of elevation. Determines the vertical distance from the imaginary cutting plane (40-40) to the face of the bottom layer (24), where the bases (26) of the forks (22) are connected, &height& of the fork (22). Then he makes the imaginary cutting plane (40-40) closer to a quarter of this greater vertical distance closer to the bottom layer (24) than the point of the highest elevation. Therefore, the imaginary cutting plane (40-40) intersects the fork (22) at a point of elevation representing three-quarters. The vertical distance from the level of the bottom layer (4 2) to the fork point (22) that is furthest longitudinally from this bottom layer (24).

The imaginary cutting plane (40-40) is then used to set three points on the fork (22). The first point is the point where the cutting plane intersects the guide edge (42) of the fork (22) and is referred to as a point representing 75% of the guide point (44). The “guide edge” is the top of the leg circumference (28), which faces longitudinally the level of the lower layer (24). The second point is inclined 180 through the center of the fork (22), which is the point where the cutting plane (40-40) intersects the trailing edge (46) of the fork (22) and is referred to as the footer point (48) 75%. The “footer edge” is the top of the stem circumference (28) directed longitudinally towards the bottom layer (24) and generally located opposite the guide edge (42). The line falls

The line that connects these two points, inside the cutting plane (40-40) and bisects it to obtain a middle point (47) of the imaginary cutting plane (40-40) and then a straight line that connects the middle point (47) of the imaginary cutting plane (40-40) with the origin. (36) for the leg (28) at the base (26). The included angle alpha (α) determined by this line with respect to the plane of the bottom layer (4 2) is the angle alpha (α) of the leg (28).

As stated alternatively, the angle alpha (a) formed by the leg (28) with respect to the plane of the lower layer (4 2) is the angle supplementary to 90 furthest from the perpendicular direction determined by the line, in any side view, that connects the middle point (47) for the cutting plane and the origin (36). Hence, the smallest angle with respect to the level of the lower layer is (4 2) when this line is viewed in any direction radially towards the stem (28), especially the origin (36), as this direction is generally parallel to the level of the lower layer (24) and in the straightness of the direction The vertical is the angle α (α) of the leg (28). It should be known that when the fork (22) is viewed approximately in the direction of the machine, or approximately 180 from it, the apparent angle α (α) of the leg (28) will be approximately 90. However, as discussed above, the angle α to be measured is the angle that deviates away from the vertical direction, and hence, it is generally the angle α given when the fork (22) is viewed sideways, usually from the transverse direction of the machine.

The angle alpha (α) of the leg (28) may be generally perpendicular to the plane of the lower layer (24), or it may be preferable to direct it in an acute angular relationship with respect to it in order to create the desired force in a specific direction, which is a direction generally parallel to the maximum longitudinal protrusion (38). However, , the more the angle alpha (α) of the leg (28) deviates from the vertical direction, the more a given shear force will result in a lateral direction. For the embodiment described herein, a leg (28) with an angle alpha (α) between about 30 and about 70 results, we prefer about 65 His role well. In any case, if the angle of the leg (28) is less than about 80, the leg is considered not oriented vertically with respect to the level of the lower layer (24) (without regard to the lateral orientation).

The diameter of the interlock device (49) is also measured from the side view, and is the maximum diameter of the protrusion near the distal end of the interlock device. (30) It is generally straight in shape in terms of the location of the center line of the leg (28) and the means of overlap (30).

The above measurements are easily made using a Model 00115-100 Dimensioning Gauge sold by Ramey-Hart Company, Montana Lakes, New Jersey. If a more accurate measurement is desired, the professional will have to set the side view (profile), the origin (36), the cutting plane (40-40), the 75% points (44, 47 and 48), and the angle α (α) of the leg ( 28) It can be performed by making a picture of the fork (22) and enlarging from this picture. It has been found that a Model 1700 scanning electron microscope sold by Imray, Inc. of New Bedford, Massachusetts, is suitable for this purpose. As necessary, several photographs may be taken to determine the maximum side view (38) and either side view.

The leg (28) must protrude longitudinally from the base (26) at a distance sufficient to distance the interference device (30).

from the bottom layer (24) at a height that allows the interference device (30) to cut or overlap the strands of the receiving surface. A relatively longer shank (28) offers the advantage that it can penetrate deeper into the receiving surface allowing the interference medium (30) to cut or interfere with a larger number of strands or fibres. Conversely, a relatively shorter shank (28) offers the advantage of producing a relatively stronger spike (22), but also correspondingly less penetration into the receiving surface and may therefore be unsuitable for receiving surfaces such as wool materials or peri-seating materials containing strands or thinner fibres. .

If a receiving surface of textile or woven material is used, it is appropriate to use a relatively shorter leg (28) with a longitudinal extension from the bottom layer (24) to a point or strip having a highest point of about 0.5 millimeters (0.020 inches), preferably about 0.7 millimeters ( 0.028 inch) at least. If a receiving surface of a down material with a fiber or strand diameter greater than about 0.9 millimeters (0.035 in) is used, it is appropriate to use a relatively longer shank (28) with a larger longitudinal dimension of about 1.2 millimeters (0.047 in), preferably about 2.0 millimeters (0.079 in). inches) at least. As the length of the leg increases (28), and the shear force correspondingly decreases, the density of the prongs (22) of the anchoring system (20) may increase to offset this loss in shear force.

As described above, the length of the leg (28) in the longitudinal direction determines the longitudinal space (space) of the interference device (30) from the bottom layer (24). The term 'longitudinal space' means the minimum vertical distance from the level of the lower layer (24) to the perimeter of the interference device (30). For an interference device (30) with a fixed geometric shape, the longitudinal space of the interference device (30) from the bottom layer (24) becomes larger with an increase in the length of the leg (28) in the longitudinal direction. Allows approximately twice the length of space

At least the diameter of the strand or fiber of the intended receiving surface, preferably about 10 times the diameter of such fiber or strand, good crossing or interlocking and good retention of these strands or fibers by the interlocking means (30) of the fixing system (20). For the embodiment described herein, a fork (20) with a length clearance of about 0.2 mm to about 0.8 mm (0.008 to 0.03 in) serves well.

The cross-sectional shape of the stem (28) is not important. Therefore, the cross section (28) may be of any desired shape, in accordance with the aforementioned characteristics relating to the cross section of the base (26). The "cross-section" is the plane distance of any part of the fork (22) taken perpendicular to the leg (28) or the intervening device. (30). The stem (28) should preferably be tapered to reduce in cross section as long as the distal end of the stem (28) and the interlocking means (30) of the fork (22) are approximately symmetrical longitudinally and laterally. This arrangement provides a corresponding decrease in the moment of inertia of the stem (28) and the interlocking device (30), resulting in a fork (22) with almost constant stress when disconnecting forces are exerted on the clamping system (20), thus reducing the amount of excess material contained in the fork ( 22).

To maintain the desired geometry over a wide range of spike sizes (22), a generally uniform ratio of cross-sectional areas can be used to enlarge the spikes (22). The ratio that generally governs the overall taper (22) is the ratio of the cross-sectional surface area of the base (26) to the cross-sectional surface area of the fork (22), at the highest point of elevation of the fork (22). As noted above, we refer to the term “highest elevation” to that point or leg segment (28) or interference device (30) that has the greatest vertical distance from the level of the lower layer (24). Ideally, it is convenient to use prongs (22) having a ratio of the cross-sectional area of the base (26) to the cross-sectional area of a slice located at the highest point of elevation in the range from about 1:4 to about 1:9.

The general circular stem (28) has been found to taper from a basal diameter (26), as discussed above, ranging from about 0.76 millimeters to about 1.27 millimeters (0.030 to about 0.050 in) to the diameter of its highest point of elevation, about 0.41 millimeters to about 0.51 millimeter (0.016 to 0.020 in) is suitable for the embodiment discussed herein. Specifically, a generally circular cross-section with a diameter of about 0.46 millimeters (0.018 inches) of a slice at the highest elevation provides a surface area of a cross-section of a slice at the highest elevation of about 0.17 square millimeters (0.0003 square inches). Lets clip

Circular cross-sectional area of base (26) is about 1.0 millimeters (0.040 in.) Cross-sectional surface area of base (26) is about 0.81 square millimeters (0.0013 square inches). This composition results in a ratio of the cross-sectional surface area of a base (26) to the cross-sectional surface area of a slice at the highest elevation point of about 1:5, which is within the aforementioned range.

The interlocking device (30) is attached to the stem (28), preferably integrating with the distal end of the stem (28). The intervening device (30) protrudes radially outward away from the circumference of the stem (28), and may have a oriented component that protrudes longitudinally, i.e., oriented toward or away from the substrate (4 2). As used herein, the term “interference device” means any lateral protrusion relative to the stem circumference (28) (as opposed to small discontinuous curves on the stem circumference (28)) that resists separation or removal from the receiving surface. The term “circumference” means the outer surface of the fork (22), and the term “radially” means the direction perpendicular to the bottom layer (4 2), as this perpendicular direction passes through the point of origin (36), which is generally centered inside the foot of the base (26).

In particular, the lateral protrusion has a vector component parallel to and facing the plane side of the substrata (24). It should be recognized that the interference device (30) and the leg (28) may both have lateral and longitudinal vector components. It is not of utmost importance that a precisely defined end of the distal end of the leg (28) appears, nor that a dividing line between the leg (28) and the means of interference (30) appear at all. It is only necessary that the longitudinally vector face of the leg circumference (28) be discontinuous so that the interference device (30) has a face with a vector component parallel and facing the plane of the lower layer (24).

The interlocking device (30) may have a lateral protrusion (38) greater than the leg (28) or vice versa, as desired. As shown in the drawings, the interference device (30) is preferably generally curved and may have an inverse curve. If the interference device (30) has an inverted curve, the interference device (30) includes a segment that longitudinally approximates the bottom layer (24) at the base (26) or a position laterally diverging from the base (26). This slice is oriented laterally toward the leg (28), although the slice does not need to be oriented radially (radially) toward the origin (36).

The interference device (30) may extend laterally to each prong (22) in a row of prongs (22), including the clamping system (20) in substantially the same direction, if distinct characteristics of the clamping system (20) prevailing in one direction are desired, e.g. Peel strength and shear strength, or may be directed randomly to find stabilization properties

Fundamentally rooted in lateral trends. The interference device (30) may be hook-shaped branches that protrude substantially from one side of the fork (28), defining a convex dividing line, and penetrate the opening of the receiving surface to cut the strands and fibers of the receiving surface at the inner radius of the curve (54) of the interference device (30). Interference between the interlocking medium (30) and the strands or fibers of the receiving surface prevents the release of the anchoring system (20) from the receiving surface until the peel or shear strength of the anchoring system (20) is exceeded. The interference device (30) must not protrude radially too much in the lateral direction, otherwise the interference device (30) will not penetrate the opening of the receiving surface. The cross-sectional area or dimensions of the interference medium (30) must be determined to penetrate the receiving surface openings.

The cross-sectional area and geometric shape of the interference device (30) are not critical, as long as the interference device (30) has a structural integrity that allows sufficient shear and bending forces to accommodate the peel and shear forces of a fastening system (20) that has a row of spines (22) of a certain density. For the embodiment described herein, it is appropriate to have a hook-shaped curved interference device (30) having a maximum protrusion (38) from the center of the base (26) to the far side perimeter of about 0.79 millimeters to about 1.4 millimeters (0.03 to 0.06 inches).

If a row of prongs (22) is selected for the clamping system (20), a row of prongs (22) may be available.

In any pattern and density, as desired, to obtain the peel and shear forces required for a particular application of the fastening system (20). In general, as the density of the row of spines increases, the proportionality of the peel force and the shear force increases in a linear turbulent increase. The prongs (22) individually must not be so close together as to interfere with or prevent the interference device (30) of adjacent prongs (22) from cutting the strands or fibers of the receiving surface. If the prongs (22) are too close together, compaction or matting of the strands or fibers of the receiving surface may occur, resulting in the closing of the openings between the strands or fibers. Conversely, the prongs (22) must be spaced so far apart that an increased surface area of the substrate (24) is required to allow for a fastening system (20) with adequate peel and peel strengths.

It is best to place the row of forks (22) in regular rows, so that each fork (22) is generally an equal distance from the other fork (22) next to it. The rows are generally oriented in the direction of the machine and across the direction of the machine in accordance with the method of manufacture described in the full description of the invention and the elements.

The protection attached below, in order to create a generally homogeneous stress field throughout the entire fixing system (20) and the receiving surface when separation forces are exerted on the fixing system (20) and the receiving surface.

As used herein in this description, the term “pitch” means the distance measured either in the direction of the machine or in the direction across the machine, between the centers of the footings (26) of the forks (22) in adjacent rows. Typically, it is appropriate to use a clamping system (20) that has a row of prongs (22) with a spacing ranging from about 1.02 millimeters to about 5.08 millimeters (0.04 to 0.20 inches) in both directions, and a spacing of about 2.03 millimeters (0.08 inches) is preferred. . It is preferable that adjacent rows in the transverse direction with respect to the machine be displaced about 1/2 of a distance, in the transverse direction with respect to the machine to double the distance in the direction of the machine between adjacent rows in the transverse direction with respect to the machine.

You may imagine the prongs (22) as laid out in a fabric on a one square centimeter grid having neat rows of prongs (22) comprising about 2 to about 10 rows of prongs (22) per centimeter (5 to 25 rows per inch) in each In both directions and across the machine, preferably about 5 rows of prongs (22) per centimeter (13 rows per inch) in each direction. This mesh will produce an anchoring system (20) that has about 4 to about 100 prongs (22) per square centimeter (25 to 625 prongs per square inch) of the substrate 24.

Prongs (22) of the clamping system (20) may be made of any heat-sensitive material that is stable and holds its shape when hardened, but is not brittle when the clamping system (20) is subjected to separating forces. As used here in this description, the term “thermosensitive” means the property of a substance that gradually changes from a solid state to a liquid state when exposed to heat. The stabilization system fails when the fork breaks (22) or cannot withstand the reaction when exposed to separation forces. Preferably, the material should have an elastic tensile modulus measured in accordance with US Standard Specification No. D-638 of approximately 24,600,000, to approximately 31,600,000 kilograms per square meter (35,000 to 45,000 pounds per square inch).

Furthermore, the fork material must have a sufficiently low melting point to allow easy fabrication and a relatively high viscosity to create a solid consistency at temperatures near the melting point, such that the stems (28) may expand and form the interlocking medium (30) easily according to the aforementioned fabrication method. Below. It is important that the prongs (22) should be viscoelastic to allow greater variation in

Factors affecting the structure of the fork (22), especially the geometric shape of the interference device (30). The material is suitable for a complex viscosity ranging from about 20 to about 100 Pascals at the substrate use temperature.

Viscosity may be measured using a Rometrix Model 800 mechanical spectrometer using a dynamic sampling and operating method at a frequency of 10 Hz and 10% expansion of the material. A disk-and-plate type geometry is preferred, especially using a disk with a radius of about 12.5 millimeters and a gap of about 1.0 millimeters between the disk and the plate.

It is preferable that the forks (22) include a thermoplastic material. The term “thermoplastic” refers to cross-linked polymers of a temperature-sensitive material that melt under the action of heat or pressure. Hot melt adhesive thermoplastics are particularly suitable for making the fastening system (20) according to the present invention, and in particular according to the method described herein in this complete description of the invention and the safeguards attached below. As used herein in this full description of the invention, the term “hot melt adhesive” refers to a viscoelastic thermoplastic that retains static stresses upon solidification from a liquid state. Polyester and polyamide hot melt adhesives are particularly suitable and preferred. As used herein in this description, “polyester” and “polyamide” mean chains with ester units

and amide repeats, respectively.

If a polyester adhesive hot melt is chosen, a compound viscosity of about 23±2 Pa s at about 194°C has been found to be suitable. If a hot melt adhesive is chosen, it has been found that an adhesive with a combined viscosity of about 90±10 Pascals at about 204°C is suitable. A hot-melt polyester sold by Bostick Company, Middleton, Massachusetts, under No. 7199, has been found to be suitable. A polyamide hot-melt adhesive marketed by Henkel Corporation, Kentucky, Illinois under the brand name Macromelt 6300 was also found to be suitable.

Manufacturing Method

The forks (22), described above, may be made according to the method of the invention, comprising the steps of depositing discrete amounts of a heat-sensitive material onto a transferred substrate (24) with respect to an optional means of depositing the heated heat-sensitive material. In particular, the method includes steps

A heat-sensitive material is created, as revealed by Aliyah, and heated to at least the melting point such that the heated heat-sensitive material has a flowable liquid state.

The bottom layer (24) is located and transported in relation to the means of deposition of this heated material. A facility is provided for depositing separate amounts of the heat-sensitive heated material. Separate amounts of a heat-sensitive heated material are deposited on a lower layer (24) of the deposition medium.

During the transport of the substrate (24) and the deposition of the separate amounts of the heat-sensitive material that forms the spike (22), two directions are determined. The first direction is the direction of transport of the bottom layer relative to a deposition medium. Heat sensitive material. The second direction is the direction of deposition of this material on the bottom layer (4 2) transferred during deposition. The beta angle (β) is determined between the first direction of transport and the second direction of deposition.

In order to find the desired shear strength properties mentioned below in the protective elements and a preferred geometry for the fork (22), it is preferable for the specified angle beta (β) to be obtuse. In general, whenever the obtuse angle beta (β) approaches approximately 100 m. Whether more or less, it produces a system An ideal fixation of (20) has a relatively greater shear strength. It should be recognized that the preferred angle of about 100 may vary somewhat with the method (76) chosen for depositing the heat-sensitive material onto the substrate (4 2).

During the method of deposition of the heated temperature-sensitive material onto the substrate (24), a velocity differential preferably occurs between the transferred substrate (24) and the deposited heat-sensitive material. The speed differential is considered “positive” if the speed of the bottom layer (4 2) in the first direction is greater than the speed of the medium, whatever it may be, such as the cells (76) in the printing cylinder (72) used to deposit the heated, heat-sensitive material at the point of deposition of this material on the bottom layer (24). ). Conversely, the speed differential is considered “negative” if the speed of the transferred substrate (24) is less than the speed of the means (76) for depositing the heat-sensitive material at the point of deposition of this material on the substrate (24). It will be apparent to the professional that if the means of deposition of the heat-sensitive heated material remains constant and the substrate is moved (24), a positive velocity differential always results. By allowing a positive velocity differential, the flow-viscoelastic (rheological) properties of the temperature-sensitive material may act to make the material elastic in a lateral direction and provide desirable stabilization properties, especially the resulting desirable shear strength properties.

Continuing with Figure (2), the fixing system (20) may be made according to the present invention. Using a modified zincographic printing method. Zincographic printing is well known in art as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,643,130 issued on February 17, 1988 by Sheth et al. and included here in this full description of the invention as a reference to depict the general state of the art.

As depicted in Figure (2), the bottom layer (24) may pass through the protruding tooth (70) formed between two side-by-side cylinders, a printing cylinder (72) and a backing cylinder (74). Cylinders (72) and (74) have two central double lines generally parallel to the plane of the bottom layer (24). Each cylinder (72) and (74) is rotated around its corresponding center line so that the cylinders (72) and (74) have essentially the same surface and orientation at the protruding tooth (70).

As desired, both the printing cylinder (72) and the back cylinder (74) may be moved by an external driving force (not explained), or one cylinder may be moved by an external driving force and the second cylinder is moved by frictional interference with the first cylinder. It has been found that an AC electric motor with a power of 1500 watts provides sufficient driving force. By rotating, the cylinders (72) and (74) operate a deposition device to deposit a heated, temperature-sensitive material on a substrate (24) to form the spikes (22). Cylinders (72) and (74) may rotate at different circumferential speeds. The rollers (72) and (74) only need to rotate in the same direction at the point of the protruding tooth (70).

The deposition medium must be capable of accommodating the temperature of the prongs (22) material in the liquid state, must provide a substantially uniform slope between the prongs (22) in both machine directions and across the machine and must provide the desired density of prongs (22) within the row. Also, the deposition medium must be able to obtain spikes with varying base diameters (26) and stem heights (23). The impression cylinder (72) specifically provides the deposition means for depositing spikes (22) onto the substrate (4 2) in the desired row, as discussed above, (or another pattern) according to the existing manufacturing method.

The term sedimentation device refers to any device that transfers a liquid spike material from a bulk to the substrate (24) in doses corresponding to each spike (22) individually. The term “precipitate” means transferring the spike material from the bulk form and rationing this substance in a dose to the bottom layer (4 2) in units compatible with each spike (22) individually.

There is a suitable deposition method for depositing the spike material on the substrate (24) in a row of one or more cells (76) in the impression cylinder (72). As used herein in this description, the term "cell" means any cavity or other component of the impression cylinder (72) that transports fork material from a source to the substrate (24) and deposits this material on a substrate (4 2) in separate units.

The cross-sectional area of the cell (76), taken at the surface of the impression cylinder (72), generally corresponds to the shape of the base foot (26) of the fork (22). The cross section of the cell (76) must be approximately equal to the desired cross section of the base (26). The depth of the cell (76) specifies, in part, the length of the spike (22) in the longitudinal direction, and qualitatively the perpendicular distance from the base (26) to a point or segment having the highest point of elevation. However, as the depth of the cell (76) increases to more than approximately 70% of the cell diameter (76), the longitudinal dimension of the fork (22) generally remains constant. This occurs because all the fluid of the spine is drawn out of the cell (76) and is deposited on the substrate (24). Because of the surface tension and viscosity of the fork's liquid substance, some of it will remain in the cell and not move to the substrate (24).

For the embodiment described herein, it is convenient to use a generally formed cell in the form of a cylindrical cell (76) with a depth between about 50% and about 70% of the diameter. If desired, the cell may be tapered somewhat into an imperfect cone to accommodate traditional manufacturing methods such as chemical etching.

If it is formed in the form of an incomplete cone, the angle between the tapered part of the cell (76) must not exceed about 45 to obtain the preferred tapered shape of the leg (28) and make the base at the level of the ratios of the highest points of elevation as discussed above. If the tapered portion of the cell (76) has a larger interface angle, a fork (22) may be produced that has a very large tapered portion. If the interfacial angle is very small, or if the cell (76) is cylindrical in shape, a stem (28) may be produced that has a generally uniform cross-section and has areas of higher stress. For the embodiment described herein there is a cell (76) having an interface angle of about 545, a diameter at the circumference of the cylinder of about 0.89 millimeters to about 1.22 millimeters (0.035 to 0.048 inches) and a depth of about 0.25 millimeters to about 0.51 millimeters (0.01 to 0.02 inches). ) produces a suitable fork (22).

The impression cylinder (72) and back (rear) cylinder (74), corresponding to the plane connecting the center lines of the cylinders, must be pressed to compress the adhesive from the cells (76) into the cylinder

Imprint (72) on the bottom layer (24) and to create enough frictional interference to move the corresponding roller if it is not externally moving. The backing roller must be somewhat softer and more ductile than the impression roller (72) to provide a cushion for the burr material as it deposits on the bottom layer (24) of the impression roller (72). It is convenient to use a backing cylinder (74) with a rubber cover and a hardness of about 4.0 to about 6.0 on the basis of the Shore scale to measure vorticity and hardness.

The temperature of the impression cylinder (72) is not critical, however the impression cylinder (72) must be heated.

To prevent hardening of the spikes (22) during transfer from the source through deposition on the substrate (24) and in general, it is desirable to use a surface temperature of the printing cylinder (72) close to the temperature of the source material. It was found that the temperature of the printing cylinder (72) is about 197°C, which is very suitable.

It should be recognized that a cold roller may be necessary if the substrate (24) is adversely affected by heat transferred from the fork material. If it is desired to use a cold cylinder, it may be included in the back cylinder (74) using a method well known to those skilled in this science, field, or science of refractories. This arrangement is often necessary if a polypropylene, polyethylene or other polyolefin substrate is used (24).

The material used to form the prongs (22) must be stored separately in a source that provides a temperature suitable for the use of the prongs (22) on the substrate (24). Ideally, it is desirable to use a temperature slightly higher than the melting point of the substance. A substance is considered to be at or above the “melting point” if the substance is partially or completely in the liquid state.

If the source of the fork material is kept at a very high temperature, the fork material may not be viscous enough and an interference device (30) may occur through it that connects laterally to the adjacent forks (22) in the direction of the machine. If the temperature of the machine is too hot, the fork (22) will flow in the form of a hemispherical slurry and the interlocking medium (30) will not form. Conversely, if the source temperature is too low, the spike material may not move from the source to the deposition medium, or, therefore, may not move adequately from the deposition medium (76) to the substrate (24) in the desired row or pattern. The source of the material must also impart a general uniform temperature in the direction or across the direction of the machine, and we may connect to a means of depositing the adhesive on the substrate (24), and supply or store it as the fork material becomes exhausted.

A suitable source is a cavity (80), co-extending from and adjacent to that slice corresponding to the transverse dimension of the machine in terms of the printing cylinder (72) with cells (76). The cavity (80) has a closed end bottom, a flat outer side and ends. The top may be open or closed as desired and the inner flat side of the cavity (80) is open, allowing the fluid material therein to freely contact and contact the circumference of the impression cylinder (72), enter the cells (76) or come into contact by any other desired means of depositing the heat-sensitive material on Bottom layer (24).

The source is heated externally by a known method (not explained) to keep the fork material in a liquid state and at the appropriate temperature. The preferred temperature is above the melting point but below the temperature at which significant loss of viscoelasticity occurs. If desired, the liquid material may be mixed inside the cavity (80) or recirculated to obtain a homogeneous and equal temperature.

distribution.

Converging to the bottom of the cavity (80) is a control blade (82) which adjusts the amount of fork material used on the impression cylinder (72). The blade (82) and bore (80) remain stationary as the cylinder (72) rotates, allowing the blade (82) to sweep the circumference of the cylinder (72) and scraping any fork material that does not fall into the cells (76) individually from the cylinder (72) and allowing the Rotation of this substance. This arrangement allows the spike material to be deposited from the cells (76) onto the bottom layer (4 2) in the desired row, according to the geometric shape of the cells (76) on the perimeter of the impression cylinder (72). As can be seen from Figure (4), the blade (82) is located differentially in the horizontal plane, especially the horizontal apex of the impression cylinder (72), and this apex is located in the upward stream of the point of the protruding tooth (70).

After deposition on the substrate (24), we may cut the prongs (22) from the impression cylinder (72) and the deposition medium (76). If desired, the cutting process may be performed as a separate step during the manufacturing process using a cutting device (78) for cutting the prongs (22) in an interference device (30) for the clamping system (20) and a cutting curve. As used herein in this description, the term “cut curve” means any material cut from the fork (22) and does not form part of the fixation system (20). However, on the basis of adjusting various manufacturing parameters, such as the angle γ between the substrate (4 2) and the deposition medium (76), the speed difference, the viscosity of the temperature-sensitive denaturant4, the cell (76), etc. It may not become

It is necessary to provide a dedicated and separate cutting step. Cutting may occur as a natural result of the bottom layer (24) moving away from the point of deposition.

The cutting device (78) must be adjusted if used to accommodate various sizes of forks (22) and side protrusions (38) of the interference device (30) and also provides uniformity throughout the transverse direction of the rows of forks over the entire machine. The term “cutting device” refers to any device or component that longitudinally separates the curved, cut parts of the clamping system (20). The term “cut” refers to the division of the curved parts cut from the fastening system (20) as described above. The cutting medium (78) must also be clean and must not rust, oxidize or impart corrosion and impurity agents (such as cutting curved materials) to the prongs (22). The appropriate cutting means shall be a wire (78) placed parallel to the center line of the cylinders (72) and (74) and spaced from the bottom layer (24) at a distance somewhat greater than the perpendicular distance from the segment having the highest point of elevation of the stiffened spike (22) to the layer. Bottom (24).

It is preferable that the wire (78) be electrically heated to prevent the accumulation of the molten material of the fork on the cutting medium (78), and to accommodate any cooling of the forks (22) that appears between the time of the fork leaving the heated source and the occurrence of cutting, and to improve the lateral stretching of the interference medium (30). Heating the cutting tool (78) must provide a homogeneous distribution of temperature in a cross-sectional direction with respect to the machine, such that a row of forks (22) having a fundamentally homogeneous geometric shape is obtained.

In general, the higher the temperature of the fork material, the relatively cooler temperature of the hot wire cutting medium (78) can be accommodated. Also, as the speed of the bottom layer (24) decreases and continuous cooling of the hot wire (78) occurs, a spike (22) and a truncated curve are interrupted, which heats the wire (78) at the same temperatures using a lower current intensity. It must be recognized that the higher the temperature of the hot wire (78), the resulting a spike (22) that has a shorter leg (28) in general. Conversely, the leg length (28) and the lateral length of the interference device (30) will increase in inverse proportion as the temperature of the hot wire (78) decreases. It is not necessary for the cutting tool (78) to actually touch the fork (22) for the cutting to occur. The fork (22) may be cut by radiant heat emanating from the cutting device

(٧٨).

For the embodiment described herein, it has been found suitable to use a nickel-chromium wire (78) with a circular cross section and a diameter of about 0.51 millimeters (0.02 in) heated to a temperature of about 343°C to about 416°C. It will be apparent that a knife, laser or other cutting device (78) may replace the hot wire (78) described above.

It is important that the cutting medium (78) is placed in a position to stretch the material of the fork so that it appears before the fork (22) cuts the hardened slurry into cut curves. If the cutting tool (78) is placed too far from the level of the substrate (24), the fork material will pass under the cutting tool (78) and not intersect with it, forming a long overlapping device (30) at an inappropriate distance from the substrate (24) or adjacent forks ( 22). Conversely, if the cutting tool (78) is placed too close to the plane of the bottom layer (24), the cutting device (78) will cut the leg (28) and the overlapping device (30) will not be formed.

The cutting medium (78) of the hot wire is located at a distance of approximately 1.4 millimeters to 22 millimeters (56,, to

0.88 inch), preferably about 18 millimeters (0.72 inch) in the direction of the machine from the point of the protruding tooth.

(70), and 4.8 millimeters to 7.9 millimeters (0.19 to 0.95 inches) radially outward

Back cylinder (74) and about 1.5 millimeters to about 4.8 millimeters (0.06 to 0.75 in)

Radially to the outside of the printing cylinder (72) is a suitable distance for performing the manufacturing method disclosed herein than in this complete description of the invention.

In implementing the invention, the bottom layer (24) is reduced in a first direction with respect to a deposition method (76). In particular, the bottom layer (24) is transported through the protruding tooth (70), and is differentially withdrawn by means of a drawing cylinder (not explained). This allows a free (clean) space for the substrate (24) for continuous deposition of spikes (22) and removes portions of the substrate (24) on which spikes have deposited (22). The direction generally parallel to the primary direction of conveying the substrate (24) as it passes through the protruding tooth (70) is referred to as "machine direction". The direction of the machine, as shown by the arrow (75) in Figure (2), is generally vertical with respect to the center line of the printing cylinder (72) and the support cylinder (74). The direction that is generally perpendicular to the direction of the machine and parallel to the plane of the subgrade (4 2) is referred to as "direction across the machine or transverse to the machine". The "level of the protruding tooth" is the level marked by a line that meets the protruding tooth and is tangent to the impression cylinder (72) and the backing cylinder (76).

After deposition of the spike material from the cell (76) onto the substrate (24), the cylinders (72) continue.

And (74) in rotation in directions shown by the arrows (75), as in Figure (2). This results in a relative displacement period between the transferred substrate (24) and the cells (76) and during that period (before the cutting process), the fork material tightens the space between the substrate (24) and the impression cylinder (72). As the relative displacement continues, the fork material stretches until the cut appears and the fork (22) separates from the cell (76) of the printing cylinder (72). As used herein, the term “stretch” means a turbulent increase in length, and increases at least a portion such that the increase in length becomes essentially permanent for the life of the fixation system (20).

As discussed above, it may also be necessary to cut the prongs (22) individually from the impression cylinder (72) as part of the method that forms the interlocking medium (30). When cut, we divide the fork (22) lengthwise into two parts, a distal end and an interlocking means (30) that remain with the fixing system (20) and non-continuous curved parts (not explained) that remain with the printing cylinder (72) and may be reused as desired. After cutting the prongs (22) from the discontinuous curved parts (intermittent), the clamping system (20) is allowed to freeze before the prongs (22) come into contact with other tools. After the prongs (22) have hardened, the bottom layer (24) may be rolled into a roll for storage as desired.

The substrate (24) may be moved through the protruding tooth (70) in the first direction at a speed of approximately 3-31 meters per minute (10 to 100 feet per minute) and the substrate (24) may be pulled through the protruding tooth (70) at a speed greater than approx. 25% to less than approximately 15% of the circumferential speed of the aforementioned printing cylinder (72), where it obtains 25%, from the positive speed differential to 15% from the negative speed differential. A positive velocity differential of at least 2% is preferred. Hence, if a device according to Figure (2) is used, the speed of the transferred substrate (24) is at least 2% greater than the surface speed of the impression cylinder (72).

The stabilization properties, especially the shear strength of the stabilization system (20) or of an individual fork (22), may be affected by the interfacial angle beta (β) formed between two directions related to the kinetic (dynamic) steps of this method, and the first direction is the basic direction for transporting the bottom layer (24). ), and the second direction is the direction in which the heated, heat-sensitive material is used on the transferred bottom layer (24). A specific interface gamma (γ) angle appears if the described impression cylinder (72), backing cylinder (74) and protruding tooth device (70) are used as a deposition medium (76) to deposit the heated, heat-sensitive material on

Bottom layer (24) movable. It will be clear and obvious to the professional that if this device is used to deposit the heated, heat-sensitive material on the bottom layer (24) at the time of deposition, the interfacial angle γ (γ) will be about 90 whenever the first direction of deposition of the bottom layer (24) is through the protruding tooth ( 70) generally perpendicular to the second direction, where the heated, heat-sensitive material is extracted from the cell (76) in the vicinity of the printing cylinder (72).

As noted above, the bottom layer (24) may be pulled away from the plane of the protruding tooth (70) of the impression cylinder (72) at a certain angle (γ), where the angle (γ) is acute with respect to the plane of the protruding tooth (70) and obtuse with respect to To the direction of deposition of the heated, temperature-sensitive material on the transferred substrate (24). Ideally, as the interface angle γ (γ) decreases (between the direction of the tissue transfer after it leaves the erupting tooth (70) and the level of the erupting tooth (70)), or in general, the beta (β) interface angle (between the first direction of the transferred lower layer (24) decreases. The second direction of deposition of the heat-sensitive solid material on the transferred substrate (24), produces a stabilization system (20) that has a relatively higher shear strength, as depicted in the figures below and discussed here as will be discussed in greater detail.

This relationship remains valid in general, without regard to the relative speed differential between the transferred substrate (24) and the means (76) for deposition of the heated, temperature-sensitive material on the transferred substrate (24). This relationship remains valid for both positive velocity differentials and negative velocity differentials. It was found appropriate to perform a method in which the bottom layer (24) is pulled at an obtuse angle (β) with respect to the direction of deposition of the heated, temperature-sensitive material on the layer. The lower layer is moved, where the angle is approximately 100 to 110 degrees, and the lower layer (24) is pulled from the tooth level.

The projection (70) has an interface angle of about 5 to 40.

Referring to Figure (3), it can be seen that as the positive velocity differential becomes larger, the interfacial angle alpha (a) of the forks (22) with respect to the bottom layer (24) decreases, and thus, the forks (22) become more oriented laterally and closer to It must be parallel to the level of the bottom layer (24). This relationship remains true and in an essentially linear increase for two selected gamma (γ) angles of 15 and 35 between the plane of the protruding tooth (70) and the line through which the lower layer (24) is drawn away from the protruding tooth (70), and includes the range of a negative 11% velocity differential. To a positive 16% velocity differential.

Referring to Figure (4), the shear force of a specimen of a mechanical clamping system (20) is measured by a force measured in the gram force of a specimen of a clamping system (20) with an area of about 4.84 cm2 (0.75 square inches). This sample size was chosen because it is large enough to obtain a representative evaluation of the sample and is ideal for the sizes used in the previous use. The shear strength is tested using the previously mentioned material, Model 16110, which is sold by Guilford Loop as a receiving surface. The shear force may be measured by tensioning a fixing system (20) and a receiving surface in opposite directions, which are generally parallel directions with the levels of the corresponding lower layer (24) and the receiving surface level. During the measurement process, the interface angle (α) of the forks (22) is generally directed in the same direction as the bottom layer (24) is attracted by the tensioning machine (fork (22), in Figure (1) to the right). The method used to determine the resistance of the mounting system (20) to shear forces is described in greater detail in US Patent No. 4,699,622 issued on October 13, 1987 by Toussaint et al., which is included herein by reference for the purpose of describing a suitable technical method for measuring shear forces.

According to Figure (4), it is seen that the shear force of the stabilization system (20) is related to the interface angle (α) of the stem (28) of the forks (22), and then to the speed differential through the relationship shown in Figure (3). As depicted in Figure ( 4), the interface angle alpha (α) between the market (28) and the bottom layer (24) should preferably be less than about 70, and preferably less than about 65, to maintain a shear strength of at least about 1000 grams per 4.8 square centimetres, because it can be seen The shear force decreases rapidly as the market (28) becomes more vertically oriented relative to the bottom layer from about 65-70. It can also be seen from Figure (4) that for all recorded values of the interface angles alpha (α), greater shear forces are obtained if the bottom layer (24) is pulled from the level of the protruding tooth (70) at a gamma angle (γ) of 15 instead From the largest angle, gamma (γ) = 35.

From Figure (4), it can be seen, in general, that it is desirable for the interface angle α (α) between the leg (28) of the fork (22) and the bottom layer (24) to be less than 70. In particular, there is an interface angle α (α). (About 20 to about 65 is desirable. This relationship holds for both the interface angles gamma (γ) between the plane of the protruding tooth (70) and the line along which the lower layer is pulled (24) after leaving the protruding tooth (70).

Figure (5) depicts the relationship between the speed differential of the transmitted weaving pacemaker (24) and the shear force of the mechanical stabilization system (20) obtained by the speed differential. Visualize positive velocity differentials

And negative in this form. However, in general, Figure 5 shows that a positive velocity differential of about 2 to about 16% is desirable. This relationship remains true for both angles gamma (γ).

located between the level of the protruding tooth (70) and the line drawn through which the movable lower layer is drawn (24)

After leaving the erupting tooth (70).

There is another factor that the professional should take into consideration, which is the radius of the curve of the impression cylinder (72) and its relationship to the differential speed and the angle (γ) between the bottom layer (24) and the level of the protruding tooth (70). The lower the radius of the curve of the impression cylinder (72), the intermittent curved parts and shank (28) of the formed fork (22) are pulled away from the lower layer (24) at an angle that, near the protruding tooth (70), is more perpendicular to the plane of the protruding tooth (70). When hardened, the fork (22) will ideally have a proportionally larger interfacial angle (α) than the fork (22) manufactured under similar conditions except when a radius larger than the bend of the impression cylinder (72) is used.

Thus, to avoid a decrease in shear strength from occurring, based on the relationship depicted in Figure (4), as the radius of the impression cylinder curve decreases (72), either or both the velocity differential and the interfacial angle γ (γ) between the transferred substrate must also decrease (24) and the plane of the protruding tooth (70). If the diameter of the curve of the impression cylinder (72) increases or decreases without corresponding compensation for the speed differential or the interfacial angle (γ), the angle (α) of the fork (22) will not have any shear force. Installation (20) - Desired shear force for application. In particular, if the velocity differential and the interface angle γ (γ) do not match the radius of the curve of the printing cylinder (72), the discontinuous curved parts (22) may be oriented more perpendicular to the substrate (24), and upon hardening, the interface angle γ will be (α) of the fork (22) is larger than desired, resulting in the clamping system (20) having a lower shear strength than desired.

Thus, to create an improved mounting system (20) according to the present invention, it is of great importance to provide a device used to make the mounting system (20) with a means of imparting an oriented direction that is not perpendicular (more than 0.51 away from the axis in any direction) with respect to the plane of the subgrade ( 24) At the base (26) of the fork (22) for the separate amounts of the heat-sensitive precipitating material. If the device is used in accordance with Figure (2), two means include providing a direction other than perpendicular to the direction directed to the bottom layer (24) with respect to the deposits of the heat-sensitive material, where this includes the previous negligible velocity differential and the critical angle γ (γ) between the plane of the protruding tooth (70). And the movable bottom layer (24).

Examples

Below are four non-specific pictorial examples of how various components of the fabrication process can be combined, varied, stabilized and used to produce reattachable fastening systems (20) with the desired composition, geometry and shear strength. A representative fork (22) of the fixation system (20) for each example is shown in Figures (6a-9b).

Considering first the stability components of all four examples, each of the following examples uses a Bostic 7199 polyester hot melt adhesive. Store the adhesive at a temperature of 179-181°C (355-358°C). This adhesive is deposited on a substrate (24) of thick, bleached kraft paper 0.13-0.18 millimeters (0.005-0.007 inches) thick, transferred at a constant speed of about 6.31 meters per minute (20.7 feet per minute).

The device chosen for deposition of the heat-sensitive material is similar to the device of Figure 2 and has an impression cylinder (72) approximately 16 cm (6.3 in) in diameter and a support cylinder (74) approximately 15.2 cm (6.0 in) in diameter. The impression cylinder (72) has a row of cells in the shape of an incomplete cone (76). The circumference of each impression cylinder (72) is about 1.0 millimeters (0.040 inches) and its depth is about 0.46 millimeters (0.018 inches). It is placed in a cellular tissue with about 75 cells per square centimeter. (484 cells per square inch).

Each example includes a cutting device (78), namely a hot wire (78) with a diameter of 0.76 millimeters (0.030 in) and a length of 61 centimeters (24 in). The hot wire (78) is positioned horizontally approximately 5.1 millimeters (0.2 in) from the impression cylinder (72) and approximately 22.9 millimeters (0.9 in) from the backing cylinder (74) for each example. The hot wire (78) is heated electrically.

Taking into account the varying components throughout the examples, the electrical power used in the hot wire (78) is adjusted according to the distance from the hot wire (78) to the substrate (24) and the speed of the printing cylinder (72) to take into account the cooling that appears between the wire circumferences. Hot (78) and fork surfaces (22) made according to various examples. The beta angle (β) varies between the deposition medium (76) and the bottom layer (24) to illustrate the effect of two different beta angles (β). In the examples, two gamma angles (γ) of 15 and 35 are used specifically between the transferred bottom layer (24) and the level of the protruding tooth (70). Also, the velocity differential between the deposition medium (76) and the bottom layer (24) (transported) was changed and included.

On both positive and negative velocity differentials. For each example, the velocity differential remains either constant and the angle is set to γ, or vice versa, so that neither of these criteria is set in the same example. Example 1

Referring to Figures (6a and 6b), the fork (22) is obtained according to Figure (6a) according to the components of Table (1-A) and the fork (22) is obtained according to Figure (6b) according to the components of Table (1-B). Both forks are made with a positive 2% velocity differential, but the interface angle γ (γ) between the plane of the protruding tooth (70) and the bottom layer (24) varies from an acute angle of 15 to an acute angle of 35. Otherwise, the components used in the method of obtaining Forks according to Figures (6-a) and (6-b) are similar.

From the part located at the bottom of Tables (1-A) and (1-B), it can be noted that implicitly with the formal representations (4) and (5), the fork (22) with an interface angle of 15 results in a shear force greater than 35%. Approximately the fork shear force (22) of Figure (6-b) including an interface angle gamma = 35. The fork (22) of Figure 6-B is, however, approximately 35% longer and has less lateral protrusion.

<img file="SA382B1_D0001.tif" />

Such as 2

Figures (7-a) and (7-b) depict forks made according to the components mentioned in Tables (2-a) and (2-b), respectively. They concern forks with a positive 6.6% velocity differential, but they differ in terms of the interfacial angle γ. (γ) between the level of the protruding tooth (70) and the direction of the transferred lower layer (24) from about 15 to about 35. The means of interference (30) for the fork (22) in Figure (7-b) has a noticeable direction of re-entry toward the origin (36) of the base. (26). However, and consistent with Figures (4) and (5), the fork (22) according to Figure (7-a) has a shear strength that is 7% greater than the fork (22) according to Figure (7-b). One of the explanations for the steadily increasing shear force of the forks (22) according to Figure (7) is the direction of re-entry.

The interference device (30) prevents a significant number of fibers from the receiving surface from being intercepted by the fixation system (20), and the non-obstructed fibers do not produce significant resistance to shear shock.

<img file="SA382B1_D0002.tif" />

Example 3

In Example 3, the velocity differential between two forks (22), each of which has the same interfacial angle, gamma (γ).

Between the level of the erupting tooth (70) and the level of the movable lower layer (24). The fixed angle is γ

(γ) for both forks (22) in Figures (8-a) and (8-b) is about 35. And for forks (22) in Figures (8-a)

A positive speed differential of about 16%, while the fork according to Figure (8-b) and the fork (22) according to Figure (6-b) have a positive speed differential of 2%. It will be apparent to the professional that the means of interference (30) of the fork (22) according to Figure (8-a) has a very large maximum lateral protrusion (38), and is approximately 71% larger than the protrusion in Figure (8-b). The fork (22), according to Figure (8-a), has a large lateral protrusion (38), such that the fork (22) may slide sideways parallel to the plane of the bottom layer (24), while it is overlapping with the receiving surface, provided that this sliding is, of course, aligned For the side direction of the fork (22).

Also, the fork (22) according to Figure (8-a) has a shear force about 10% greater than the fork according to Figure (8-b). This result is consistent with the displays of Figures (3, 4, and 5). As the velocity differential increases, the interface angle (α) decreases, according to Figure (3), and therefore, the shear force increases, according to Figure (4). The greater the velocity differential as well. The greater the shear force, according to Figure (5).

<img file="SA382B1_D0003.tif" />

<img file="SA382B1_D0004.tif" />

By comparing the results of Examples (1) and (3), one notices that both the highest value and the lowest value of the shear force appear in the forks (22) according to Example (1) at a positive 2% speed differential. This difference in shear strength means that at low positive velocity differentials, the manufacturing method is more sensitive in terms of changes in the interface angle γ between the substrate (24) and the protruding tooth plane (70). Example 4

Referring to Figures (9-a) and (9-b), each fork (22) obtained according to the parameters of these figures has a velocity differential of negative 11% and shows substantially lower shear forces compared to the forks (22) according to the previous examples. However, and consistent with Figures (4) and (5), the fork (22) according to Figure (9-A) that has an interface angle of γ = 15 between the transferred substrate (24) and the plane of the protruding tooth (70) showed a greater shear force of about Approximately 27% of the fork of the shape (9-b) has an interface angle gamma = 35 between the lower layer (24) and the level of the protruding tooth (70).

<img file="SA382B1_D0005.tif" />

It will be clear to the professional that there are various other modifications and combinations of ingredients described above that may be used. For example, multiple rectifiers may be configured, including different hot wire temperatures (78), different hot wire positions (78), and different speed differentials. All of these groups and pairs are within the scope of the following protection elements.