Apparatus and method for formation evaluation

Apparatus and method for evaluating underground formation

Full description

Background of the invention

The present invention relates to methods for performing an evaluation of an underground formation using a downhole tool that is positioned in a wellbore penetrating an underground formation. More specifically, the present invention relates to methods for reducing contamination of formation fluids that are drawn into and/or evaluated by the equipment. Downhole tool. Wells are drilled in order to locate and produce hydrocarbons, and the well drilling equipment equipped with a drill bit is inserted at its end into the ground to form a wellbore. As the drilling unit advances, drilling mud is pumped through the drilling equipment and out of the drill bit to cool the drilling equipment and carry the drill bits away. The fluid exits the drill bit and flows back to the surface to be recycled through the equipment. Drilling mud is also used to form mudcake to line the wellbore. During the drilling process, it is desirable to perform various assessments of the formations penetrated by the wellbore. In some cases, the drilling equipment may be equipped with information devices and/or devices to take samples from the surrounding formation. In some cases, the drilling equipment may be removed, and a wireline cable is extended into the wellbore to inform the ground formation and/or to take samples from it. In some cases, drilling equipment may be used to perform

Testing and sampling operations. These samples or tests may be used to locate valuable hydrocarbons.

Formation evaluation usually requires drawing fluid from the formation into a downhole tool for testing and/or to obtain samples. There are various devices such as sensors, and these are extended from the downhole tool to make fluid contact with the ground formation surrounding the wellbore and to draw fluid into the downhole tool. The typical probe is an annular element that extends from the downhole unit and is positioned on the side wall of the wellbore. There is a rubber pad located at the terminal end of the probe, and this is used to make a tight connection with the side wall of the wellbore. There is another method used to make a tight connection to the side wall of the wellbore, and this method is known as double grouting. In this filling, two rubber rings extend diagonally or radially around the equipment to isolate part of the wellbore between them. The rings create a tight connection with the wellbore wall, and also allow the fluid to be drawn into the isolated part of the wellbore wall and into the entry port located in the downhole tool.

Mudcake lining of the wellbore is used to help the probe and/or dual packers make a tight connection with the wellbore wall. Once the tight connection is made, fluid is drawn from the ground formation to the downhole tool. Through the entry hole, by reducing the pressure in the downhole tool. There are examples of sensors and/or

Gaskets used in downhole equipment are described in the following US patents:

613959, 4860581, 4936139, 6585045, 6609568, 6719049, 6609568, 6719049 and 2004/000433.

The formation evaluation process is typically performed on fluids drawn into the downhole tool. There are currently technical methods to perform various measurements and/and to collect samples of the fluid internal to the downhole tool. However, it has been found that when the formation fluid passes into the downhole equipment, there are various contaminants such as wellbore fluids and/or drilling mud, and these may enter the equipment with the formation fluids. These contaminants may affect the type and quality of measurements and/or samples taken from formation fluids. In addition, contamination may lead to a delay in the performance of wellbore operations, as in this case additional time is needed to conduct more tests and/or obtain samples. In addition, these problems may produce incorrect results that are incorrect and/or cannot be used.

Therefore, it is desirable that the formation fluids entering the bottom of the well be sufficiently clean and virgin, and suitable for testing. In other words, the formation must contain little or no pollutants. Attempts have been made to prevent contaminants from entering the downhole equipment with formation fluid. For example, as described in US Patent No

4951749 Filters have been placed in the sensors to prevent contaminants from entering the downhole tool with the formation fluid. In addition, as stated in U.S. Patent No. 6,301,959, the inventor, Hrametz, provides the probe with a ring to divert contaminated fluids away from the clean fluid entering the probe. Despite the availability of technical methods to evaluate the ground formation and to deal with the phenomenon of pollution, there is a need to adapt the flow of fluids through the downhole tool to reduce pollution when the fluid enters and/or passes through the downhole tool. It is desirable that these technical methods have the ability to divert contaminants away from the clean fluid. It is also desirable that these methods have the ability to divert contaminants away from the clean fluid. It is also desirable that these methods have the ability to perform one or more of the following tasks, among others:

- Analysis of fluid passing through flowlines;

- Selective localization of fluid flow through the downhole tool;

- Responding to detected contamination;

- Removing contamination and/or providing flexibility in handling fluids in the stomach bottom

downhole tool.

General description of the invention

At least in part, the invention relates to a formation evaluation system with a low degree of contamination for use in a downhole tool that is positioned in a wellbore that penetrates an underground formation containing virgin fluid and contaminated fluid. The system is provided with the following:

- At least two inlet ports to receive fluids from the formation,

- Mixing at least one flowline for evaluation that fluidly connects to at least one of the two inlet ports, so as to cross the virgin fluid to the bottom of the well.

- At least one of the cleaning flowlines is fluidly connected to at least one of the inlet ports, so that the contaminated fluid can cross into equipment.

downhole tool,

- A single fluid circuit connected fluidly to the flowlines for evaluation and/or cleaning, in order to selectively draw fluid into it.

- At least one device for delivering fluid and for making selective fluid contact between flowlines for evaluation and/or cleaning,

- At least one sensor to measure downhole variables in the appraisal and/or cleaning flowlines.

On the other hand, the invention relates to a device for evaluating a ground formation with a low degree of contamination, and this can be adjusted in its position in the wellbore so that it penetrates an underground formation that contains virgin fluid and contaminated fluid. The stomach is provided with the following:

- A fluid communication device extending from a housing to engage the wellbore, and having at least two inlet ports to receive fluids from the formation.

- At least one of the evaluation flowlines is positioned in the housing and fluidly connected to at least one of the inlet ports for the virgin fluid to cross into the downhole tool.

- At least one of the cleaning flowlines is fluidly connected to the inlet ports to allow the contaminated fluid to cross to the bottom of the well.

- At least one fluid circu fluidly connected to the evaluation and/or cleaning flowline, to selectively draw fluid into it.

- at least one device for delivering fluid and for making selective fluid contact between flowlines for evaluation and/or cleaning, and

- At least one sensor to measure downhole variables in the appraisal and/or cleaning flowlines.

In another aspect, the invention also relates to a method for evaluating an underground formation containing a virgin fluid and a contaminated fluid. The method includes a downhole equipment

The downhole tool has at least two inlet ports that are configured to draw fluids into at least one evaluation line and at least one cleaning line in the downhole equipment. The equipment is positioned in the wellbore so that it penetrates the formation, selectively drawing fluid into the flowlines for evaluation and/or cleaning, and fluid contact is selectively made between the flowlines for evaluation and/or cleaning, and downhole variables are measured. In fluids in flowlines for evaluation and/or cleaning.

Finally, and in another aspect of the invention, it also relates to a method for drawing fluid into a downhole tool whose position is adjusted in a wellbore penetrating a ground formation containing a virgin fluid and a contaminated fluid. The method includes setting a position for the fluid connection so that it engages the wellbore wall, making a fluid connection between at least one of the evaluation flowlines in the fluid connection device and the ground formation, and making a fluid connection between at least one of the special flowlines. By cleaning in the fluid contact device and between the ground formation, pumping the fluid to the cleaning flowline at a cleaning pumping rate, and pumping the fluid to the evaluation flowline at a rating pumping rate, Cleaning and/or evaluation rates are selectively adjusted at separate time intervals, and the formation fluid is then evaluated in the evaluation and/or cleanup flowline after the time interval.

Brief explanation of the drawings

To understand the features and advantages of the present invention in detail, the specific description of the invention, which was briefly referred to above, can be referred to examples illustrated in the attached figures and drawings. It should be noted, however, that the attached figures and drawings only show typical models in this invention, and therefore should not express a specific or restrictive nature of the scope of the invention that may apply to the same level to other effective models.

Figure 1: A schematic view of a partial cross-section of equipment used to evaluate the formation of the bottom of a well. This is described in a wellbore in dialogue with an underground formation. Figure 2: A schematic view of part of the downhole evaluation equipment in Figure 1. Here, a fluid flow system is shown to receive fluid from the adjacent formation. Figure 3: A detailed schematic view of the downhole tool and fluid flow system in Figure 2.

Figure 4a: A graph showing fluid flow rates through the downhole tool in Figure 2 using asynchronous pumping.

Figures (4b-1, 4b-4): are schematic views of fluid flow through the downhole tool in Figure 2 at points DA, respectively, in Figure 4a; Figure 5a: A graph showing fluid flow rates through the downhole tool in Figure 2 using asynchronous pumping.

1For Figures (5b-1, 5b-4): These are schematic views of fluid flow through the downhole tool in Figure 2 at points D - A, respectively, in Figure 5a;

Figure 6a: A graph showing fluid flow rates through the downhole equipment

downhole tool in Figure 2 using partially synchronous pumping; Figures (6b-1, 6b-4): are schematic views of fluid flow through the downhole tool in Figure 2 at points D-A, respectively, in Figure 6a;

Figure 7a: A graph showing fluid flow rates through the downhole equipment

downhole tool in Figure 2 using simultaneous pumping in the vertical dimension; Figures (7b-1, 7b-5): are schematic views of fluid flow through the downhole tool in Figure 2 at points E and A, respectively, in Figure 7a.

Figure 8a: It is a graph showing the fluid flow rates through the downhole tool. Figure 7a also shows the flow into the sample chamber; Figures (8b-1) and 8b-5 are schematic views of fluid flow through the downhole tool in Figure 2, counting points E - A respectively in Figure 8a.

Detailed description

Preferred embodiments of this invention are illustrated in the figures and drawings described above and which will be described in detail hereinafter. When describing preferred models, similar or identical reference numbers are used to identify common or similar elements. It does not have to be shapes

Illustrated with drawing scales. Indeed, some features and projections of shapes may be shown with enlarged drawing scales or in schematic form, for the purpose of clarity and accuracy.

Figure 1 shows a downhole tool that can be used in the present invention. Any downhole equipment that has the ability to perform the formation evaluation process may be used here, such as drilling equipment, coiled pipes, or other well equipment, represented by a conventional wireline tool (10) extended from the drilling equipment (2 1). ) to the wellbore (4 1) via the wireline cable (16) near the ground formation (F) formation). The downhole tool (10) is provided with a probe (8 1) prepared to seal with the wellbore wall and to withdraw fluid from the ground formation to the downhole tool. Dual packers are also shown here to illustrate various fluid contact devices, such as probes and/or packings, which are used to draw fluid into the downhole tool. Backup pistons (19) help push the downhole tool and the stopcock toward the wall of the wellbore. wellbore wall

Figure 2 displays a schematic view of part of the downhole tool in Figure 1, and shows a fluid flow system (34). It is preferable for the probe (18) to extend from the downhole tool to engage the wellbore wall. The probe is removed with a pad (20) to seal it with the wellbore wall. This pad is in contact with the wall and forms a tight connection with the mudcake lining (22) of the wellbore wall. The clay paste is poured into the wellbore wall and this results

Invasion area (4 2) around the wellbore. The invasion zone contains mud and other fluids in the wellbore, which contaminate the surrounding ground formations, including Formation (F) and a portion of the clean formation fluid (26) contained therein. It is preferable that the probe (18) be equipped with at least two flowlines, namely the evaluation flowline (28) and the cleaning flowline (30).

In cases where dual packers are used, inlet ports may be provided between them to draw fluid into the flowlines for evaluation and cleaning in the downhole tool. There are examples of fluid communication devices, such as probes and dual packers used to draw fluid into separate flow lines, and these are described in U.S. Patent Application No. 2004/0000433, which is assigned to the owners of the present invention, and also in U.S. Patent No. 959, 1,630, which is assigned. For Halliburton, the evaluation flowline extends to the downhole tool and is used to pass clean formation fluid to the downhole tool to perform testing and/or take The evaluation flowline extends to the sample chamber (35) to collect formation fluid samples. The cleaning flowline (30) extends to the downhole tool and is used to pull the contaminated fluid away from the clean fluid flowing to Evaluation flowline. The contaminated fluid may be eliminated from the wellbore through the exit port (37). One or more pumps may be used (36)

To pull the fluid through the flowlines, it is preferable to have a barrier between the flowlines for evaluation and cleaning in order to separate the fluids that flow in them. Referring now to Figure 3, the fluid flow system (34) is shown here in Figure 2 in more detail. In this form, fluid is drawn into the flowlines for evaluation and cleaning through the probe (18). As fluid flows into the stomach, the contaminated fluid is released into the invasion zone (34) (Figure 2) so that the clean fluid (26) can enter the evaluation flowline (28) (Figure 3). The contaminated fluid is drawn into the cleaning line away from the evaluation flowline, as shown by the arrows. Figure 3 shows the probe containing a cleaning flowline, forming a ring around the surface of the probe. However, we must realize that there are other designs that can be used to have one or more absorption and flow lines extending through the probe.

The flowlines for evaluation and cleaning (28, 0 3) are extended from the probe (8 1) and through the fluid flow system (34) located in the downhole tool. The flowlines for evaluation and cleaning are in selective fluid contact with flowlines extending through the fluid system, as will be described in this text. The fluid flow system in Figure 3 includes different features to adapt the flow of clean and/or contaminated fluid as it passes from an upstream location near the formation to a downhole location through the downhole tool. The system consists of a set of devices for measuring and/or manipulating the fluid, such as flowlines (28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35), and pumps.

(36)', pistons (40), sample chambers (42), valves (4 4), fluid connectors (48, 51), and sensors (38, 46). The system is also equipped with a set of additional devices such as suppressors, transformers, processing devices and other devices for modifying the flow and/or performing various operations to evaluate the ground formation.

The evaluation flowline (28) extends from the probe (81) and is fluidly connected to the flowlines extending through the downhole tool. The evaluation flowline (28) is intended to be equipped with a primary test piston (40A) and sensors such as a pressure gauge (138) and a fluid analyzer (46A). The cleaning flowline (30) extends from the probe (18) and is fluidly connected to the flowlines extending to the crescent of the downhole tool. It is preferable that the cleaning flowline (30) be equipped with a first test piston (40B), and sensors such as a pressure gauge (38B) and a fluid analyzer (46B). Sensors, such as the pressure gauge (38C), may connect with flowlines (28, 30) for evaluation and cleaning in order to measure variables between them, such as differential pressure. Sensors may be located at other locations along any of the flowlines forming the fluid flow, upon request. One or more first test pistons may be provided to draw fluid into the equipment and perform the initial test. The first tests are typically conducted to generate a small amount of downdraft pressure, with built-up pressure in the flowline as the fluid is drawn up

To the downhole tool through the probe. When used in conjunction with a flowline probe for evaluation and cleaning, the pretest plunger can be placed along each of the flowlines to generate ground composition curves, which can be compared and analysed. In addition, preliminary testing pistons can be used to draw the fluid into the equipment and break the clay paste along the wellbore wall. The pistons may rotate simultaneously or at varying rates to regulate and/or create differential pressures across corresponding flowlines.

Pretest presses may also be used to diagnose and/or detect problems occurring during operation. When the pistons rotate at different rates, the integral of insulation between the lines can be determined here. If a change in pressure appears in the second flowline, this may indicate that there is insufficient insulation between the flowlines, and this in turn may indicate insufficient tightness between those lines. Pressure readings across flowlines while rotating pistons may be used to help diagnose any problems or verify adequate operating performance.

The fluid flow system may be equipped with fluid communication devices, such as threaded crossovers (48) and/or junctions (51), to cross the fluid between the evaluation and cleaning flowlines (and/or the flowlines to which they are fluidly connected). These devices may be installed in various fluids along the fluid flow system, to divert flow from one or more flowlines. The desired components or devices in a bottom equipment.

downhole tool. As shown in Figure 3, a rotating toothed connection may be used to make a fluid connection between the evaluation flowline (28) with the flowline (32) and between the cleaning flowline (30) with the flowline (29). In other words, the fluid from one flow step can be selectively transferred between different flow steps if desired. For example, the fluid can be transferred from the flowline (28) to the flow circuit (50), and the fluid can be transferred from the flowline (0 3) to the flow circuit (50a).

The junction (1 5) shown in Figure 3 contains a group of valves (4 A, B, C, D), with accompanying flow lines (52, 54). The valve (4a) allows fluid to pass from the flowline (29) to the connector flowline (54) and/or through the flowline (31) to the flow circuit (50a). The valve (4 4b) allows fluid to pass from the flowline (32) to the flowline (35) all the way to the flow circuit (50b). The valve (4 4b) allows the fluid to pass and tunnel between the flowlines (29, 32) before the valves (44a, 4 4b). The valve (4 4d) allows fluid to flow between flowlines (31, 35) after valves (44a, 4 4b). Such a configuration allows for selective mixing of fluid between the evaluation and cleaning flowlines, a configuration that can be used, for example, to pass fluid from the flowlines to all or any of the sample acquisition circuits (50a, b).

Valves (44a, 4b) may also be used as valves to isolate fluid in flowlines (29; 32) or fluid remaining in the fluid flow system located after the valves (44a, b). Isolation valves are closed in order to isolate a fixed volume of fluid in the downhole tool (i.e. in the flowlines located between the formation and valves 4a and b). The fixed volume located before the valve (44a) and/or (44b) is used to perform downhole pressure and movement measurements. In some cases, it may be desired to separate the evaluation lines from the cleaning lines during sampling, for example. This may be achieved by closing the valves (4c) and/or (44d) to prevent the passage of fluid between the flowlines (29, 32) or (31, 35). In other cases, a fluid connection between flowlines may be desired to perform downhole measurements, such as formation pressure measurements and/or movement estimation. This may be achieved, for example, by closing valves (44a) and opening valves (4, 4c), wa, or (4, 4d) to allow fluid to flow through flowlines (29, 32) or (31, 35), respectively. As the fluid passes through the flowlines, pressure meters located in the supply of the flowlines can be used here to measure the pressure and determine the change in volume and flow area at the interface between the probe and the formation wall. This information may be used to generate configuration traffic. Valves (44C) may also be used to allow fluid to pass between flowlines inside the downhole tool, in order to prevent pressure differences between flowlines. In the absence of this valve, the differential pressures between the flowlines may cause fluid to pass from one of the flowlines through the formation.

Ground formation and its return to another flowline in the downhole tool, which changes the incorrect measurements of pressure and movement.

A junction (51) may also be used to isolate part of the fluid flow system after it from part of the fluid flow system before it. For example, when the valves (44a, b) are closed, the junction (1 5) may be used to pass fluid from a location located before the junction to other parts in the downhole tool, that is, for example, through the valve (44j) and the flow line. flowline (25), thus fluid flow circuits can be avoided. In another example, when the valves (44a, b) are closed and the valve (d) is opened, this configuration may be used to allow fluid to pass between fluid circuits (50) and/or to other parts of the downhole tool through Valve (4 4K) and flowline (39). This configuration may also be used to allow fluid to pass between other parts and circuits for fluid flow without a fluid contact on the sensor. This may be useful in cases where there are additional components after the connection such as additional sensors and/or fluid circuit modules. Connection (51) may also be operated so that the valves (44 or 44d) are closed and the valves (44b and 44d) are open. In this configuration, the fluid generated by both flow lines can cross from a position before the connection (51) to the flowline (35). Alternatively, the valves (44l and 4d) can be closed and the valves opened (44a and 44c) so that the fluid generated by both flow lines passes from a position before the connection (51) to the flowline (31).

Preferably, the flow circuits (50A, 50B) (sometimes referred to as sample or fluid circuits) contain pumps (36), a chamber (42), valves (44), and accompanying flow lines to draw fluid through the downhole tool. One or more of the following may be used here

Flux circuits For the purposes of description two different flux circuits are illustrated, but similar flux circuits or variations thereof may be used.

The flowline (31) may extend from the connection (51) to the flow circuit (50a). A valve (44A) is provided to selectively allow fluid to pass into the flow circuit (05A). Fluid may be diverted from the flowline (31) beyond the valve (44a) to the flowline (33a-1) and to the drill hole through the exit port (56a). Alternatively, fluid may be diverted from the flowline (31) past the valve (44A) through the flowline (33A-2) and up to the valve (44F). Pumps (36A-1, 36A-2) may be provided in flowlines (33A-1, 33A-2) respectively. The fluid passing through the flowline (33a-2) may be diverted via the valve (44f) and to the drilling hole via the flowline (33b-1), or to the valve (44g) via the flowline (33b-1). 33B-3), and here the pump (36B) is placed in the flowline (33B-2).

Fluids flowing through the flowline (33b-2) may pass through the valve (44g) to the flowline (33c-1) or to the flowline (33c-2). When transferred to the flowline (33c-1), the fluid may cross fluid Z

The valve route (44x) to the drill hole through the flowline (33d-1), or back through the flowline (33d-2). When transferred through the flowline (33c-2), the fluid is collected in the sample chamber (42a). The damped flowline (33D-3) extends to the drill hole and/or is fluidly connected to the flowline (33D-2). The pump (36C) is placed in the flowline (33D-3) to draw fluid through it.

The circuit (50b) shown in the drawing contains a valve (4 4e) that selectively allows fluid to flow from the flowline (35) to the flow circuit (50b). Fluid may flow through the valve (4 4e) to the flowline. (33C-1) or to the flowline (33C-2) all the way to the sample chamber (42B). The fluid passing through the flowline (33c-1) may pass through a valve (44g) to the flowline (33d-1) and out of the drill hole, or to the flowline (33d-2). The damped flowline (33d-3) extends from the sample chamber (42b) to the drill hole and/or is fluidly connected to the flowline (33d-2). The pump (36D) is placed in the flowline (33D-3) to draw fluid through it. Different flow configurations may be used for the flow control circuit. For example, these configurations can include additional sample rooms. One or more pumps may be positioned in one or more flowlines throughout the circuit. A different set of valves and their flowlines can also be provided to allow pumping

And transfer the fluid to sample chambers and/or to the wellbore.

The positions of the flow circuits may be adjusted next to each other, as shown in Figure 3. Alternatively, all parts of the flow circuits may be placed around the downhole tool and connected fluidly via flowlines. In some cases, the positions of parts of the flow circuits can be adjusted in modules that connect with each other in different configurations to form the downhole tool. Multiple flow circuits can be combined in different locations to form a downhole tool. Multiple flow circuits may be combined in different locations and/or in different configurations, and one or more flowlines may be used to connect one or more flow circuits together throughout all parts of the downhole tool.

The balancing valve (4 4t) and its accompanying flowline (49), shown in the drawings, are connected to the flowline (29). One or more of these balancing valves may be placed supplying the evaluation and/or cleaning flowlines, to equalize the pressure between the flowline and the drill hole. This allows the differential pressure between the interior of the equipment and the drill hole to be balanced, so that the equipment does not stick to the ground formation. In addition, the ballast flowlines help in draining pressurized fluids and gases from the inside of the flowlines when those fluids and gases rise to the surface. This valve may be located in different locations supplying one or more flowlines. Multiple equalization valves may be inserted in cases where pressure is expected to be held in multiple locations. As an alternative

Other valves (44) can be configured in the stomach, to open automatically and allow pressure equalization in multiple positions.

There are different types of valves that can be used to direct and/or control the flow of fluid through flowlines. These valves may include check valves and/or crossovers, flow restrictors, equalization valves, isolation or bypass valves, and/or other devices. It has the ability to control the flow of fluid. These valves may be of a type that can allow a limited amount of fluid to flow through them. The crossover threaded connection (48) is an example of a valve that can be used to transfer flow from the evaluation flowline (28) to a first sampling circuit, to transfer flow from the cleaning flowline to a second sampling circuit, and then transfer the flowing samples to the second sampling circuit and flowline. Cleaning flowline down to the first sampling circuit. One or more pumps may be placed across the flowlines, in order to adjust the flow of fluid through them. The pump location may be used to help move fluid through certain parts of the downhole tool. Pumps may also be used to selectively push a fluid through one or more flowlines at the desired rate and/or under the desired pressure. The process of adapting pumps may be used to help determine downhole formation variables such as formation fluid pressure and fluid movement. Pumps are typically positioned so that flowlines and valves are used to adjust the flow of fluid through the system. For example, you can put:

One or more pumps before and/or after certain valves, sample chambers, sensors, gauges, or

Other devices.

Pumps may be selectively activated and/or coordinated to draw fluid into each of the flowlines as desired. For example, the pumping rate of a pump connected to the cleaning flowline can be increased and/or the pumping rate of a pump connected to the evaluation flowline can be decreased, so that the optimum amount of clean fluid drawn into the evaluation flowline is achieved. One or more of these pumps may be placed along the flowline, to selectively increase the pumping rate of the fluid passing through the flowline.

One or more sensors may be provided, such as fluid analysis devices (46a) (described in U.S. Patent 4,994,671 assigned to the owners of the present invention), and pressure gauges (38a). Different types of sensors may be used to determine downhole variables, such as content, contamination levels, chemicals (percentage of certain chemicals), and/or water mechanical properties (viscosity, density, percentage of certain chemicals). phases, etc.), and/or electromagnetic properties (such as electrical resistivity), and/or thermal properties (such as temperature), and/or dynamic properties (such as size volume or mass flow meter), and/or optical properties (such as absorption or emission), and/or optical properties

Radiological, pressure, temperature, and/or

Salinity, pH, and/or radioactivity

(Gamma radiation, neutron, and spectral energy), and/or carbon content, and/or clay composition and its contents, and/or oxygen content, and/or other data about the fluid, and/or conditions and conditions of the bottom The relevant well, among other variables. Sensor data may be collected, transmitted to the surface, and/or processed downhole. It is preferable that one or more of the sensors be pressure meters (38) placed in the evaluation flowline (38a) or the cleaning flowline (38b), or across each of them, as well as to measure the differential pressure between them. Additional meters may be placed at various locations along the flowlines and pressure meters may be used to compare pressure levels in corresponding flowlines and for other diagnostic and/or analytical purposes. Here, measurement data is collected and/or transmitted to the surface and/or processed at the bottom of the well, and these data are used in conjunction with sensor data to determine the conditions and conditions of the bottom of the well and/or to make relevant decisions.

One or more sample chambers may be placed at different positions along the flowline. In the attached figures and drawings, only one sample chamber with a piston appears, for ease of clarification. However, we must realize that one or more different sample chambers may be used. The sample chambers may be connected interconnected with flowlines.

Extending to other sample chambers, and/or to other parts of the downhole tool

And/or to the drill hole, and/or to other filling chambers. There are examples of sample chambers and their related forms, and these can be found in US patent/patent applications No. 2003042021, 6467544, and 77 66591, which are assigned to the owners of this invention. It is preferable that the sample chambers be positioned so that clean fluid is collected. In addition, it is preferable that the location of the sample chambers be adjusted so that a clean, high-quality ground fluid can be effectively obtained. Fluid may be collected from one or more flowlines, into one or more sample chambers, and/or dumped into the drill hole. There are no requirements for a sample chamber, specifically a cleaning flowline containing contaminated fluid. In some cases, sample chambers and/or certain sensors, such as a fluid analyzer, are placed near the probe and/or before the pump. It is sometimes useful to sense fluid variables from a point closer to the formation, or from the fluid source. It is also helpful to test and/or obtain samples before pumping. Typically, the pump agitates the fluid passing through the pump, and this agitation distributes and spreads contamination in the fluid passing through the orifice and/or increases the time required to obtain a clean sample. By conducting testing and sampling operations before the pump, stirring and the spread of contamination can be avoided.

It is preferable to provide a computer or other processing system, in order to selectively activate different types of devices in the system. Processing equipment may be used to collect, analyze, compile and communicate downhole data.

The downhole tool may be adapted to perform commands in response to the processing device, and these tools may be used to perform downhole operations.

When operating, the downhole tool (10) (Figure 10) is placed near the wellbore wall, and the probe (81) is extended to form a tight connection to the wellbore wall. Backup pistons (9 1) extend to help push the downhole tool and probe into the engaged position. y is selectively activated; One or more pumps (36) in the downhole tool, in order to withdraw fluid into one or more flowlines (Figure 3). The fluid is also drawn into the flowlines by pumps and directed through the required flowlines by valves.

Figures (4a, 8b-5) indicate the flow of fluid. I sense multiple flow lines, such as those shown in Figures 2 and/or 03. These figures illustrate the technical methods used in adapting the flow of fluid to the equipment to facilitate the flow of clean fluid to the flowline. For evaluation and to reduce the degree of contamination, in each of these figures the process of fluid flow is shown to the probe (18), through the flowline for evaluation (28), and the flowline for cleaning (30). Pumps (60, 62) are illustrated schematically, and they are operationally connected to flowlines (28) and (30), respectively, in order to draw fluid through them. As the figure shows, the pump (62) operates at a higher rate than the evaluation pump (0 6)' However, it is possible for these two pumps to operate at the same rate, or for the cleaning pump to operate at a higher rate than the evaluation pump. For illustrative purposes they are shown in the figures

Only one pump for each flowline, but it is also possible to use any number of pumps across any of the two flowlines, and these pumps are the same as the pumps (36) shown in Figure 3. Referring to Figures (4a, 4b-4), pumps (60, 62) are shown here in asynchronous operating mode. Figure 4a graphically shows the Q flow rate (y-axis) versus time t (x-axis) for a fluid passing through the evaluation flowline (28) and the cleaning flowline (30), represented by lines (66) and (64). ) respectively. Figures (4b-1, 4b-4) illustrate the operation process of the pumps and the flow of fluid to the probe at points D - A, respectively, in the diagram shown in Figure 4a. At point A in Figure 4a, the pumps are turned on and the fluid is drawn into the corresponding flowlines for evaluation and cleaning. As shown in Figure 4a, part of the formation fluid passes into the evaluation flowline, and another part of this fluid passes into the cleaning flowline. It is preferable here that the contaminated fluid (4 2) be drawn into the cleaning flowline, so that only the clean fluid flows into the evaluation flowline as shown by the arrows. At point B in Figure 4a, the cleaning pump is stopped while the evaluation pump continues to operate. It appears from the corresponding flow rates of the pumps at point B that the flow rate (64) through the cleaning flowline has decreased, while the flow rate (66) through the evaluation flowline has continued. As shown in Figure 2B-2, the contaminated fluid is not drawn into the cleaning line and away from the evaluation line. In this case, it is done

Draw both the clean fluid and the contaminated fluid into the evaluation flowline as shown by the arrows.

At point C in Figure 4a, the two pumps pump, thus increasing the flow rate (4 6) of the cleaning line. As shown in Figure 4a-4, the two pumps return to the operating position as described previously for point A.

At point D in Figure 4a, the cleaning pump starts pumping, while the evaluation pump stops. It is clear from the corresponding flow rates of the pumps at point D that the flow rate (64) during the cleaning flowline is a continuous rate, while the flow rate (66) during the evaluation flowline decreases. As shown in Figure 4b-4, the fluid is not drawn into the evaluation flowline, in which case it may be

Draw both the clean fluid and the contaminated fluid into the cleaning flowline as shown by the arrows.

Referring to Figures (5a, 5b-4), the pumps (60, 62) operate according to a synchronous operating pattern. These shapes are similar to Figures (4a, 4b-4), except that both pumps stop operating at points B and D. At points B and D in Figure 5a, the flow rates (4, 6a, 66a) decrease when the pumps stop. As shown in Figures (5b-2, 5b-4), the flow of fluid to any of the flowlines stops when the pumps stop operating. Referring to Figures (6a, 6b-4), the pumps (60, 62) appear to operate according to a synchronous vertical pattern. These figures are similar to Figures (4a, 4b-4), except that the pumps have stopped operating at point B in Figure 6a. The flow rates decrease.

(64b, 66b) When the pumps stop operating. As shown in Figures 6b-2, fluid flow stops when the fluid pumps to any of the flow lines are turned off

flowlines.

Referring to Figures (7a, 7b-5), the pumps (60, 62) operate according to a synchronized vertical pattern. Figures (7a, 7b-5) are similar to Figures (4a, 4b-4), except that at point B, the cleaning pump is operated and the evaluation pump is operated, and at point C, both pumps are stopped, while at point D, the cleaning pump is operated and stopped. Evaluation pump operation. In addition, the additional point (e) appears, and both pumps turn on. In the resulting curves (4 6c' 66c) in Figure 7a, it is clear that the flow rate through the cleaning line is less than point C, while the flow rate decreases through the evaluation line for an extended period of time from points B to D.

Referring to Figures (8a, 8b-5), the pumping and sample acquisition processes are shown here. In this case, the pumps (60, 62) operate according to a synchronous vertical pattern in Figures (7a, 7b-5), but the process of obtaining samples may have to be done here according to any of the patterns that have been described. These shapes are similar to Figures (7a, 7b-5), except that the sample chamber (2 4) is connected here to the evaluation flowline in Figures (8b-1, 8b-5) and valves appear (66, 68). ) along the flowline (28), and these serve to selectively divert fluid into the sample chamber. Preferably, the valves are activated and/or the fluid is delivered to the sample chamber at the point where clean fluid is present in the flow mixing

Evaluation flowline. In the pattern described in Figures (8a, 8b-5), samples are taken after rotating the pumps, in order to ensure a clean fluid flow through the flowline named (28). As shown in Figures (8b-1, 8b-3), Valve (66) is closed and Valve (68) is opened at points A - C in the pumping process. As shown in Figure (8b-4), at point D, the valve (66) is opened and the valve (68) is closed to allow fluid to begin flowing into the sample chamber (62). As shown at point (e) in Figure (8b-5), the fluid begins to flow into the sample chamber

sample chamber.

Figures (8a, 8b-5) illustrate a specific sampling process used in conjunction with the pumping pattern. The sampling process may also be used in conjunction with other pumping patterns such as those shown in Figures (4-6). It is preferable that the pumping and sampling operations be adapted so that clean fluid is drawn into the sample chamber and/or contaminated fluid is drawn away from it. The fluid may be followed through the flowlines to detect contamination. In the event of contamination, the fluid may be diverted from the sample chamber to the wellbore, for example.

The pressure in the flowlines may also be manipulated using other devices to increase and/or decrease the pressure in one or more flowlines. For example, pistons may be returned in sample chambers and initial fluid withdrawal tests. Charging techniques, valves, hydrostatic pressure, etc. may be used to adjust the pressure in flowlines.

We must realize, through the previous description, that there are various modifications and changes that can be made to the preferred models and alternative models in the current invention without deviating from the content and scope of the invention. The devices used here may prefer a manual and/or automated method to perform the desired operation, based on the data generated, conditions and conditions detected, and/or by analyzing the results obtained in downhole operations.

This description was intended for clarification only and is not intended to define or restrict. The scope of this invention must be understood only through the list of protective elements that follow it. In protection elements, the term “includes” means that it “includes at least” the elements mentioned in the protection elements within an open set of elements. Articles used in the singular form also include the plural forms of those forms unless specifically excluded.