Untitled record

Full Description

Background of the sister

Certain application embodiments given as examples of this invention relate to techniques for supplying energy to the interior cavities of insulating glass units (IGUs), and/or methods associated therewith. For example, some application embodiments given as examples in

<p dir="rtl">5 This invention provides power to potentially-driven shades, and/or LED light-emitting diode lights that can be used with insulating glass units, insulating glass units such as such shades, and/or methods of making them.</p>

The construction sector is known for its high energy consumption, which has been shown to account for 30

<p dir="rtl">10 40% of the world's major energy expenditures. Operating costs, such as heating, cooling, ventilation,</p>

Lighting accounts for most of this consumption, especially in older structures built to less stringent energy efficiency standards.

It is worth noting that windows, for example, provide natural light, fresh air, and access to and communication with the outside world. However, they often also represent

<p dir="rtl">15 A significant source of energy waste. With the growing trend towards increased use of architectural windows,</p>

architectural windows, balancing the conflicting interests of energy efficiency and human comfort has become more important. Furthermore, concerns about global warming and carbon footprints are driving the drive for novel energy efficient glazing systems.

<p dir="rtl">20 In this regard, given that windows are often a “weak link” in building insulation, and considering that modern architectural designs often include fully glazed facades, it becomes clear that having windows that provide better insulation will be beneficial in terms of limiting and reducing energy waste. Therefore, developing super-insulating windows will provide enormous benefits from both an environmental and economic perspective.</p>

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It is worth noting that insulating glass units have been developed to provide improved insulation for buildings and other structures. Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of an insulating glass unit. In the example of an insulating glass unit shown in Figure 1, the first and second substrates 102 and 104 are parallel and essentially spaced apart from each other. A spacer system 106 is also provided.

<p dir="rtl">5 In the vicinity of the first and second pillars 102 and 104, which contributes to keeping them in a parallel and essentially spaced relationship with each other and also contributes to defining a gap or spacing 108 between them. The gap 108 may be filled, at least in part, with an inert gas (e.g., argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe) and/or the like) in some cases, for example, to improve the insulating properties of the insulating glass unit as a whole. It may also, in some cases, provide</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 Optional external seals in addition to the 106 spacer system.</p>

Windows are unique elements of most buildings in that they have the ability to “supply” energy to the building in the form of winter solar gain and year-round daylight. However, current window technology often results in higher heating costs in the winter, increased cooling costs in the summer, and often fails to take advantage of daylight, which would otherwise dim lights or

<p dir="rtl">15 It is turned off in most commercial stores in the country.</p>

Thin film technology is a promising way to improve window performance. For example, thin films can be applied directly to glass during production, or to a polymer web that can be modified to fit an existing window at lower cost, etc. Progress has been made over the past two decades, primarily in reducing the value of the thermal transmittance coefficient.

<p dir="rtl">20 For windows using low-emissivity (low-E) fixed or “passive” films, and by reducing the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) through the use of spectrally selective low-E films.</p>

Coatings. Low-E coatings can, for example, be used with thermally insulating glass units such as, for example, those shown and described in Figure 1. However, the field is still

<p dir="rtl">25 Available for further improvements.</p>

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For example, a more dynamic option for the insulating glass unit would be desirable if the desire to provide improved insulation for buildings and the like, while taking advantage of the sun's ability to "supply" energy to the interior of buildings, would also be taken into account, and this would also enhance privacy with an "on-demand" energy supply. It would also be desirable for such products to have a pleasing aesthetic appearance.

<p dir="rtl">5 Certain application models address these and/or other concerns.</p>

For example, some application embodiments given as an example in this invention relate to electrically driven blinds that can be used with thermal insulating glass units, and thermal insulating glass units include such blinds, and/or methods of making them.

Further manufacturing and operating procedures and/or other details and alternatives may be implemented. See, for example:

<p dir="rtl">10 Example, U.S. patents 8,982,441; 8,736,938; and 8,134,112;</p>

8,035,075; 7,705,826; 7,645,977, as well as the US request No.

0011120/2020; which shall be incorporated herein by reference in full.

Examples of low-emissivity coatings are listed in Patent Nos. 9,802,860; 8,557,391; 7,998,320; 7,771,830; 7,198,851; 7,189,458; 7,056,588;

<p dir="rtl">15 and 6,887,575; the contents of each have been incorporated in full for reference.</p>

Low-emissivity coatings based on indium tin oxide (ITO) and/or the like may be used for the interior and/or exterior surfaces. See, for example, U.S. Patents Nos. 9,695,085 and 9,670,092, the contents of which are fully incorporated by reference.

<p dir="rtl">20 Note that examples of antireflective coatings (AR) are described in, for example.</p>

For example, U.S. Patents 9,796,619 and 8,668,990 and U.S. Publication 2014/0272314, the contents of which are incorporated in their entirety by reference. See also U.S. Patent 9,556,066, the contents of which are incorporated in their entirety by reference.

The document relates to an insulated glazing unit (IGU) specifically an insulated glazing unit which 25 includes an electrically integrated internal shading device which controls the intensity and spectral region of the light passing through it, providing both energy efficiency and privacy.

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US application document 1A20070177391 relates to an insulated illuminated glazing assembly which includes a light source. In a first aspect of the invention, the light source is located within the insulated glazing assembly; power from the light source is directed through a spacer assembly to a battery or wired power source outside the assembly. In a second aspect of the invention, the light source is located outside the assembly

<p dir="rtl">5 Isolated polishing. On both sides, there are many different light manipulators, which can be included to modify the light to create the desired lighting or visual effect.</p>

General description of the invention

Some of the application models given as an example provide a method for manufacturing a heat-insulating glass unit. The first and second supports are provided. A spacer is provided between the first and second supports, which helps to maintain

<p dir="rtl">10 The first and second supports are in parallel relation and are essentially spaced apart from each other with the gap between them defined, the first outer surface of the spacer is facing the inner surface of the first support, the second outer surface of the spacer is facing the inner surface of the second support, the third outer surface of the spacer is facing the cavity, and the fourth outer surface of the spacer is facing away from the cavity. A membrane is provided over at least a portion of the fourth outer surface of the spacer. A pin protrudes from</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 Through openings in the third and fourth outer surfaces of the spacer, and through the membrane, where the pin is made of electrically conducting material. In addition to providing a structural seal for the insulating glass unit outside the spacer and at least partially enclosing the portion of the pin that protrudes through the membrane.</p>

For example, some of the application models given as an example provide a method for making an insulating glass unit.

<p dir="rtl">20 For heat. The method consists of: a spacer, and the spacer includes a first, second, third, and fourth outer surface;</p>

Apply a membrane to the outer four surfaces of the spacer; insert a pin through the outer three and four surfaces of the spacer, and through the membrane applied to the outer four surfaces of the spacer, the pin containing an electrically conductive material; seal the first and second supports together with the spacer between them in the manufacture of the insulating glass unit, noting that the first outer surface of the spacer faces

<p dir="rtl">25 The inner surface of the first pillar, the second outer surface of the spacer faces the inner surface of the second pillar, while the third outer surface of the spacer faces the cavity of the insulating glass unit.</p>

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For heat, the outer four surfaces of the spacer are facing away from the cavity of the insulating glass unit; and forming an external structural sealant for the insulating glass unit using a structural sealant provided around the outer portion of the spacer.

Some of the application models given as an example provide a method for manufacturing a heat-insulating glass unit. Each of the

<p dir="rtl">5 The first and second pillars have two main surfaces, internal and external, with the main internal surface of the first pillar facing the main internal surface of the second pillar. The spacer system helps to keep the first and second pillars in a parallel and essentially spaced relationship with each other and to define the gap between them. One or more lighting elements are provided in the gap. It is worth noting that the dynamically controlled curtain is interwoven between the first and second pillars, with the curtain consisting of: a conductive layer</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 a first conductive layer provided, directly or indirectly, on the inner main surface of the first substrate; and a shutter leaf comprising at least one polymer substrate, first and second conductive coatings, and first and second dielectric layers. The at least one polymer substrate is extendable to a closed position of the shutter leaf and retractable to an open position of the shutter. The first and/or second conductive coatings are electrically conductive.</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 with a controllable power source to set up an electrical potential difference to create first electrostatic forces to drive at least one polymer substrate to the closed position of the window leaf.</p>

A method for creating the insulating glass unit is also considered according to the previous paragraph and the techniques described here.

In some embodiments, a method is provided for operating an electronic device located

<p dir="rtl">20 Inside a heat insulating glass unit.</p>

For example, some of the example application embodiments provide a method for operating a dynamic shade in a thermally insulating glass unit. The method comprises a thermally insulating glass unit made according to the techniques described herein; and selectively energizing a power source to move a polymer substrate between the open and closed window leaf positions.

<p dir="rtl">25 The properties, aspects, features and application models described in this document can be combined to create more application models that have not yet been identified.</p>

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Brief explanation of the drawings

These properties and features can be better and more fully understood by referring to the detailed explanation of the illustrative application models accompanied by drawings, including the following:

Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a thermally insulating glass unit;

<p dir="rtl">5 Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a thermally insulating glass unit incorporating a voltage-driven curtain that can be used for some of the example application embodiments given;</p>

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the glass components shown in the example of a thermally insulating glass unit shown in Figure 2 that allow the window leaf to be moved, according to some of the application embodiments given for example;

<p dir="rtl">10 Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a window sash from the example of a thermally insulating glass unit shown in Figure 2, according to some of the application models given as an example;</p>

Figure 5 is a flowchart with an example of the process of forming an electrical connection for supplying power to the interior of a cavity of a thermal insulating glass unit, according to certain application embodiments given as an example;

Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of how the electrical connection is used to supply power.

<p dir="rtl">15 to the inner part of the cavity of the insulating glass unit, according to some application models given as an example;</p>

Figure 7 is a schematic representation of a dynamic curtain provided in a window frame, according to some illustrative application embodiments; and

Figure 8 is a schematic representation of LEDs or other lighting elements 20 used to illuminate the dynamic extended curtains of example Figure 7, according to some illustrative application embodiments.

Detailed description:

Some embodiments of this invention relate to electrically operated blinds that can be used with insulating glass units, and include such blinds, and/or methods of making them. Referring now to the drawings more specifically, Fig. 2

<p dir="rtl">25 A sectional and schematic view of an example of a thermally insulating glass unit incorporating electrically driven blinds and used with the example application models given. More specifically, Figure 2 is similar to</p>

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With Fig. 1 the first and second glass substrates 102 and 104 being parallel and essentially spaced apart and separated by a spacer system 106, and a gap 108 being defined between them. The first and second curtains 202a and 202b, driven by an electrical difference in the gap 108, are provided near the inner major surfaces of the first and second substrates 102 and 104,

<p dir="rtl">5 As will be evident from the description below, the curtains 202a and 202b are controlled by creating an electrical potential difference between the curtains 202a and 202b, and the conductive sheaths formed on the inner surfaces of the substrates 102 and 104. As will be further evident from the description below, both the curtains 202a and 202b can be constructed using a polymer film covered with a conductive sheath (e.g., a sheath comprising a layer including aluminum (Al), chromium (Chromium)</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 (Cr), indium tin oxide and/or the like). The aluminum-coated curtain may provide a reflective</p>

For visible light from partial to full, and up to enormous amounts of total solar energy. The curtains 202a and 202b are typically drawn (e.g., rolled up), but rapidly extended (e.g., rolled up) when a suitable voltage is applied, in order to cover at least part of the substrates 102 and 104 such as, for example, a “conventional” window curtain. The curtain rolled up may have

<p dir="rtl">15 Very small in diameter, usually much smaller than the width of the gap 108 between the first and second supports 102 and 104, to allow it to operate between them and to be typically hidden from view when rolled up. The outward-rolling curtains 202a and 202b are firmly attached to the adjacent supports 102 and 104.</p>

The curtains 202a and 202b extend along the entire length of the truss, in whole or in part, the visible or “framed” area 20 of the pillars 102 and 104 from a retracted configuration to an extended configuration.

extended configuration. In the retracted position, curtains 202a and 202b have a first surface area that largely allows for the transmission of radiation through the framed area. In the extended position, curtains 202a and 202b have a second surface area that primarily controls the transmission of radiation through the framed area. Curtains 202a and 202b may have a width that extends, in whole or in part, across

25 Horizontal view of the framed area of ​​the two pillars 102 and 104 to which they are attached.

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The curtains 202a and 202b are each placed between the first and second supports 102 and 104, each preferably attached at one end to the inner surface thereof (or an electrically insulating layer or other layer thereon), near the upper parts. To accomplish this, an adhesive layer may be used. The curtains 202 and 204 are shown partially rolled (partially extended) in Figure 2. The curtains 202a and 202b5 and any adhesive layer or other fixing structure are preferably hidden from view so that only the curtains 202a and 202b are visible when at least partially rolled.

The diameter of the fully rolled-up curtain is preferably approximately 1-5 mm but may exceed 5 mm in some of the example application embodiments. Preferably, the diameter of the rolled-up curtain is not greater than the gap width 108, which is typically 10-15 mm, to help facilitate rapid and repeated up-and-out operations 10. Although curtains 202a and 202b are shown in the example in Fig. 2, they will be

It is noted that only one curtain may be provided in some of the example application embodiments, and it will also be appreciated that one curtain may be provided on the inner surface of either the inner substrate 102 or the outer substrate 104 . In example application embodiments where there are two curtains, the combined diameter of the curtains will preferably not exceed the gap width 108 , for example, to facilitate the upward and outward rolling of both curtains 15 .

An electronic controller may be provided to assist in the operation of the blinds 202A and 202B. The electronic controller may be electrically connected to the blinds 202A and 202B , as well as to the supports 102 and 104 , for example, via suitable wiring or the like.

The conductor may be obscured from view by the combined heat-insulating glass unit. The electronic control unit 20 may also be configured to provide an output voltage to the curtains 202a and 202b.

Also, an output voltage in the range of 100-800 VDC (e.g., 100-500 VDC or 300-800 VDC) may be used to operate the curtains 202A and 202B in some of the application embodiments given as an example. In addition, an external AC or DC power source, a DC battery and/or the like may be used in this regard. It will be appreciated that a higher or lower output voltage may be provided, for example, depending on manufacturing parameters and materials.

of which the curtains 202A and 202B are composed, the layers on the supports 102 and 104, etc.

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The control unit may be coupled to a manual switch, a remote control (e.g., wireless), or another input device, for example, to indicate whether the blinds 202A and 202B are to be drawn or extended. In some embodiments, the electronic control unit may include a processor operationally coupled to memory storing instructions 5 to receive and decode control signals, which in turn cause voltage to be selectively applied to control the extension and/or retraction of the curtains 202a and 202b. Additional instructions may be provided to enable other functions to be achieved. For example, a timer may be provided so that the blinds 202A and 202B may be programmed to extend and retract at user-specified or other times, and a temperature sensor may be provided so that the blinds 202A and 202B may be programmed to extend

<p dir="rtl">10 and retraction upon reaching indoor and/or outdoor temperatures specified by the user, in addition to the possibility of providing light sensors to enable programming of the blinds 202A and 202B to extend and retract based on the amount of light outside the structure, etc.</p>

Although curtains 202a and 202b are shown in Figure 2, as noted above, some example application embodiments may include only one curtain.

<p dir="rtl">15 Furthermore, as noted above, such curtains may be designed to extend vertically and horizontally along and across the entire length of the insulating glass unit, and various application models given as examples may include curtains covering only portions of the insulating glass units being fitted. In such cases, multiple curtains may be provided to provide more optional coverage, to account for internal or external structures such as muntin bars, to simulate plantation shutters, etc.</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 Some application embodiments given as an example, a tensioner may be placed at the bottom of a thermally insulating glass unit, for example, across the width, to help prevent the curtains from rolling outward along their entire length. The tensioner may be made of a conductive material, such as metal or the like. The tensioner may also be coated with a low dissipation factor polymer such as, for example, polypropylene (PP), fluorinated ethylene propylene</p>

<p dir="rtl">25 FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and/or similar.</p>

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Details of an example of the operation of the blinds 202a and 202b will now be given in relation to Figures 3 and 4. More specifically, Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the “on-glass” components illustrated in the example of a thermally insulating glass unit of Figure 2 that enables the operation of a window leaf, according to some of the application embodiments given as an example; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a window leaf from

<p dir="rtl">5 An example of a heat-insulating glass unit shown in Fig. 2, according to some example application embodiments. Fig. 3 shows a glass substrate 302 that can be used for either or both of the substrates 102 and 104 shown in Fig. 2. The glass substrate 302 supports the glass components 304, as well as the window leaf 312. In some example application embodiments, when uncoiled, the conductor 404 may be closer to the substrate 302 than to the ink layer 406. In</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 Other application embodiments are given for example, this arrangement may be reversed so that, for example, if no expansion occurs, the conductor 404 may be further away from the substrate 302 than the ink layer 406.</p>

The components on the glass 304 include a transparent conductor 306, together with a dielectric material 308, which may be bonded to the substrate 302.

<p dir="rtl">15 via a low-haze adhesive 310 or the like. Preferably, these materials are essentially transparent. In some application embodiments, the transparent conductor 306 is electrically connected via one end to a wire of the control unit. Also, in some application embodiments, the transparent conductor 306 serves as a fixed electrode for a capacitor, and the dielectric material 308 serves as a dielectric for such capacitor.</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 In these cases, an electrical or thermal insulating film is provided, directly or indirectly, on the first conductive layer, with the electrical or thermal insulating film being separate from the window leaf.</p>

It will be realized that all the dielectric layers may be placed on the curtain in some of the application embodiments given for example, thus exposing an exposed (flat) conductive substrate, for example.

<p dir="rtl">25 A glass substrate supporting the conductive coating. For example, in some application embodiments given for example, a polymer film insulator 308 may be provided/integrated as part of</p>

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The window leaf 312, instead of being provided/incorporated as part of the substrate 302. That is, the window leaf 312 may support an electrically insulating or thermally insulating film 308 whereby, when at least one of the polymer substrates is in the window leaf closed position and the window leaf is extended, the electrically insulating or thermally insulating film actually contacts the first conductive layer with no other layers in between.

<p dir="rtl">5 It is worth noting that the transparent conductor 306 may be formed from any suitable material such as, for example, indium tin oxide, tin oxide (for example, tin quaternary oxide (SnO2) or other suitable stoichiometry), etc. The transparent conductor 306 may have a thickness of 10-500 nm in some application embodiments given as an example. The dielectric material 308 may be a low dissipative factor polymer in some application embodiments.</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 Suitable materials include, for example, polypropylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), polyethylene naphthalene (PEN), etc. The thickness of the dielectric material 308 may range from 4-25 microns in some of the application embodiments given as an example. The thickness of the dielectric material 308 may be selected to balance the reliability of the curtain with the amount of voltage (on</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 For example, because thin dielectric layers typically reduce reliability, while thick dielectric layers require higher voltage to be applied to meet operational purposes.</p>

As is well known, many low-emissivity coatings are conductive.

Thus, a low-emissivity sheath may be used instead of the transparent conductor 306 in some of the application embodiments given as an example. The low-emissivity sheath may also be a silver sheath.

<p dir="rtl">20 silver-based low-E coating, for example, where one, two, three or more layers comprising silver (Ag) can be placed between dielectric layers. In such cases, the need for adhesive 310 may be reduced or eliminated altogether.</p>

It is worth noting that the window leaf 312 may include a resilient layer 402. In some embodiments of the application, a conductor 404 may be used on one side of the resilient layer 25 402, and a decorative ink 406 may be optionally used on the other side. In some embodiments of the application,

For example, conductor 404 may be transparent, and as specified, decorative ink 406 may be

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Optionally. In other application embodiments given as an example, the conductor 404 and/or the decorative ink 406 may be translucent or impart colors or aesthetic features to the window leaf 312. In some application embodiments given as an example, the flexible layer 402 may be composed of a shrinkable polymer, e.g., polyethylene naphthalene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide

<p dir="rtl">5 (PPS), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), etc. In some application embodiments</p>

The thickness of the flexible layer 402 may range from 1-25 microns. In various application embodiments, the conductor 404 may be composed of the same material as the conductor 306 or of a different material. Metallic or metal oxide materials may be used, for example. In some application embodiments given as an example, a material with a thickness of 10-50 nanometers may be used that includes a layer consisting of, for example,

<p dir="rtl">10 Indium tin oxide, aluminum, nickel (NiCr), nickel-chromium (NiCr), tin oxide, and/or the like. Note that in some application embodiments given as an example, the resistance of the 404 conductor may range from 40 to 200 ohms/square.</p>

Decorative ink 406 may include pigments, particles and/or other materials that selectively reflect and/or absorb desired visible colors and/or infrared 15 radiation.

As illustrated in Figure 2, the curtains 202a and 202b are typically wound in spiral coils, with one outer end of the coil being fixed to the substrates 102 and 104 by an adhesive (e.g., or the electrical insulator thereon). The conductor 404 may be electrically connected through one end of it to a wire or the like, and may serve as a variable electrode for a capacitor containing the conductor

<p dir="rtl">20 306 as a fixed electrode and dielectric 308 as its dielectric.</p>

It is worth noting that when an electric drive is provided between the variable electrode and the fixed electrode, for example, when an electric drive is applied to the voltage or current between the conductor 404 of the window 312 and the conductor 306 on the substrate 302, the window 312 will be pulled towards the substrate 302 by the electrostatic force resulting from the difference

<p dir="rtl">25 Voltage between the poles. Pulling the variable pole causes the rolled curtain to twist outward. The electrostatic force acting on the variable pole causes the window leaf to hold in place 312</p>

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safely in front of the fixed electrode of the substrate 302. As a result, the ink coating layer 406 in the curtain selectively reflects or absorbs certain visible colors and/or infrared radiation. In this way, the outward-rolled curtain helps control radiation transmission by selectively blocking and/or reflecting certain light or other radiation from passing through the heat-insulating glass unit,

<p dir="rtl">5 Thus changing the overall function of the insulating glass unit from generally transmittable to partial or selective transmittable, or even opaque in some cases.</p>

When the electric motor between the variable pole and the fixed pole is removed, the electrostatic force on the variable pole will also be removed. The spring constant in the flexible layer 402 and the conductor 404 causes the curtain to return to its original tightly wound position.

<p dir="rtl">10 Since the movement of the curtain is controlled primarily by a capacitor circuit, current will only flow in a</p>

Essential while the curtain is in the outward or upward roll-up position. As a result, the average power consumption of the curtain will be significantly reduced. In this way, several standard AA batteries will be available to power the curtain for several years, at least in some cases.

In one example, the 302 substrate may be 3 mm thick clear glass commercially available from a dealer.

<p dir="rtl">15 An acrylic-based, low-fog adhesive may be used for the 310 adhesive layer. Sputtered indium tin oxide having a resistivity of 100-300 ohms/sq may be used with the 306 connector. The polymer film may be a low-fog (e.g., &gt;1% fog) polyethylene terephthalate with a thickness of 12 microns. A PVC-based ink available from Sun Chemical Inc. applied to a thickness of 3-8</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 406 micron as decorative ink. Commercially available polyethylene naphthalene from DuPont is also available in thicknesses of 6, 12, or 25 microns as flexible layer 402. For opaque conductor 406, vaporized aluminum with a nominal thickness of 375 nm can be used. For a transparent option, sputtered indium tin oxide can be used. In either case, the resistivity may be 100-400 ohms/sq. Indium tin oxide or other conductive material(s) may be sprayed onto the polymer layers.</p>

<p dir="rtl">25 its carrier, or otherwise formed in some application models. Of course, it should not be considered</p>

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These materials, thickness grades, electrical properties, their various combinations and sub-assemblies, etc., are restricted unless specifically claimed.

As will be appreciated in the description above, the dynamic curtain mechanism uses a polymer wrapped with a conductive layer. In some application embodiments given as an example, the conductor 402 may be formed to integrate with the polymer 402, or perhaps

<p dir="rtl">5 An outer coating is applied, deposited, or otherwise formed on the polymer 402. As noted above, the decorative ink 406 may be used with a transparent conductive material (e.g., based on indium tin oxide) and/or a partially transparent or opaque conductive layer. The partially opaque or opaque conductive layer may eliminate the need for ink in some application embodiments. In this regard, and in some application embodiments, a metal or metallic base material may be used. Aluminum is one example.</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 On materials that can be used with or without decorative ink.</p>

One or more additional coatings may be provided on the conductor to help reduce visible light reflection and/or change the color of the curtain to provide a more aesthetically pleasing product, and/or by “splitting” the conductor so that a phase shifter layer is visible between them. Additional coatings may thus be included to improve the aesthetic appearance of the entire curtain. Thus, the window sash 312 may include the coating

<p dir="rtl">15 Additional-reflection reducing or electrically insulating mirror coatings or the like. These additional reflective reducing and electrically insulating mirror coatings may be provided on top of the conductor 404 and on a main surface of the shade polymer 402 consisting of (for example) polyethylene naphthalene in exchange for a decorative ink 406. However, it will be appreciated that the ink 406 is not required, for example, if the conductor 404 is opaque. The mirror coating, for example,</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 Aluminum, which may eliminate the need for decorative ink 406. It will also be appreciated that additional anti-reflective coatings and additional electrically insulating coatings of the mirror on the main surfaces of the curtain polymer 402 consisting of (for example) polyethylene naphthalene versus conductor 404 may be provided in some application embodiments given e.g.</p>

In addition to using optical interference techniques to reduce reflection.

<p dir="rtl">25 Alternatively, a shaped surface may also be added to the base polymer, the conductive layer may be chemically or physically modified, and/or an ink layer may be added, for example, to achieve the same</p>

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goals or the like, and achieve further reductions in unwanted reflection, etc.

Considering that the thin film and/or other materials that make up the window leaf must withstand multiple folding and opening operations depending on the overall function of the curtain, when selecting the materials and the combination of

<p dir="rtl">5 The formed layers shall have mechanical and/or other properties that provide the required strength. For example, increased stress in a thin layer assembly is usually considered a defect. However, in some cases, increased stress may result in cracking, “delamination”/delamination, and/or other damage to the 404 conductor and/or the coating or layers formed thereon. Thus, in some application embodiments given as an example, low stress (particularly</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 Low tensile stress (especially required with the layer(s) formed on the polymer bases of the window leaf.</p>

In this regard, the adhesion of thin sputtered films depends, among other things, on the pressure inside the depositing film. The only way to control the pressure is to use deposition pressure. It is worth noting that the sputter pressure compared to the stress

<p dir="rtl">15 It does not follow a monotonic curve, but rather bends at a transition pressure which is essentially unique for each material and is a function of the ratio of the melting temperature to the substrate temperature. Stress engineering can be supplemented by optimizing the gas pressure, keeping these guidelines in mind.</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 Other physical and mechanical properties of the curtain that may be considered include the elastic modulus of the polymer and its layers, the density ratio of the layers (which may have an effect on stress/strain), etc. These properties may be balanced by their effects on internal reflection, conductivity, and/or the like.</p>

As is known, the internal temperatures of the insulating glass unit may become very high.

<p dir="rtl">25 For example, it was observed that the insulating glass unit according to the example shown in Figure 2 includes a black dye that may reach a temperature of 87°C, for example, if the black part</p>

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From the curtain facing the sun at high temperatures, or in competitive conditions with high solar radiation (such as, for example, in the southwestern United States such as Arizona). The use of polyethylene naphthalene for the rollable/non-rollable polymer may be beneficial, as polyethylene naphthalene has a higher glass transition temperature (Tg) (5 ~ 120 °C), compared to other common polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (Tg

Glass transition temperature = 67-81 °C), and polypropylene (glass transition temperature = ~32 °C). However, if polyethylene naphthalene is exposed to temperatures approaching the glass transition temperature, the performance of the otherwise useful mechanical properties of the material (including elastic modulus, yield strength, tensile strength, and relaxation modulus) will be reduced.

<p dir="rtl">10 Stress relaxation modulus, etc.) may deteriorate over time, especially with exposure to high temperatures. If these mechanical properties deteriorate significantly, the curtain may not function (e.g., will not retract).</p>

To help the curtain better withstand high temperature environments, it may be beneficial to switch from polyethylene naphthalene to a more temperature resistant polymer. Note that

<p dir="rtl">15 Two possible types of polymers include polyether ketone and polyamide (PI or Kapton). PEEK has a glass transition temperature of ~142°C and Kapton HN has a glass transition temperature of ~380°C. Both materials have better mechanical properties in high temperature environments than polyethylene naphthalene. This is especially true at temperatures above 100°C.</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 This is illustrated in the following graph, with reference to the mechanical properties of Teonex and Kapton HN. The abbreviation UTS in the graph stands for ultimate tensile strength.</p><table border="1"><tbody><tr><td><p dir="rtl">polyamide</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">polyether ketone</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">polyethylene naphthalene</p></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>)33,500(</p></td><td><p>110316.11</p></td><td><p>268895.53</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">Maximum tensile strength (kg)</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">25 degree</p></td></tr></tbody></table>

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<tr><td></td><td><p>)16,000(</p></td><td><p>)39,000(</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">Pascal (pounds per square inch)</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">percentage</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2551060.2 )370,000(</p></td><td><p>3585273.8 )520,000(</p></td><td><p>6067386.41 )880,000(</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">Standard (kPa) (psi)</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>68947.57 )10000(</p></td><td></td><td><p>120658.25 )17,500(</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">Yield (kPa) (psi)</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>137895.14 20,000</p></td><td><p>55158 )8,000(</p></td><td><p>89631.844 )13,000(</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">Ultimate tensile strength (kPa) (psi)</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">200 Celsius</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1999479.615 )290,000(</p></td><td></td><td></td><td><p dir="rtl">Standard (kPa) (psi)</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>1999479.615 )290000(</p></td><td></td><td><p>6994.75</p><p>1,000&lt;</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">Yield (kPa) (psi)</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p dir="rtl">~380°C</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">about 143 degrees Celsius</p></td><td><p dir="rtl">about 121 degrees Celsius</p></td><td></td><td><p dir="rtl">Glass transition temperature</p></td></tr>

It will be realized that modifying the curtain base material from the current material (polyethylene naphthalene) to an alternative polymer (e.g., polyether ketone or polyamide/Kapton) which has increased mechanical properties for high temperatures may be beneficial in the sense that the curtain may be able to withstand 5 degrees Celsius better. Insulating glass for indoor heat, especially if the curtain is installed in climates with

High temperature. It will be realized that the use of the alternative polymer can be used with the window leaf and/or the layer on the glass in some application models.

Additionally, or alternatively, some of the application embodiments given may use as an example a dyed polymer material. For example, polyethylene naphthalene, polyether ketone, polyamide 10/Kapton or other dyed polymer may be used to fabricate curtains with a variety of colors and/or appearances.

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Various cosmetic applications. Also, for example, dyed polymers may be useful for application models in transparent/transparent applications, for example, where the conductive layer of the curtain is a transparent conductive film or similar.

It is worth noting that alternative conductive materials may be used that usefully modify the spring force.

<p dir="rtl">5 The strength of the coiled curtain can be used for various lengths. In this regard, the properties of the conductive layer that increase the strength of the coil include increasing the modulus of elasticity, increasing the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the polymer substrate and the conductive layer, and increasing the ratio of the modulus of elasticity to the density. Note that some of the pure metals that can be used to increase the strength of the coil compared to aluminum or chromium include nickel, tungsten (W),</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 Molybdenum (Mo), Titanium (Ti) and Tantalum (Ta). The modulus of elasticity of the studied metal layers ranged from 70 GPa for aluminum to 330 GPa for molybdenum. Note that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the studied metal layers ranged between 23.5 x 10^-6/k for aluminum up to 4.8 x 10^-6/k for molybdenum. In general, the higher the modulus of elasticity, the greater the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficient between polyethylene naphthalene or any other polymer or metal, the greater the</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 The density is reduced, etc., and the choice of materials for coil construction will improve. It has also been found that incorporating conductive layers based on molybdenum and titanium into the curtains resulted in a much higher spring force of the coil than could be achieved with aluminum. For example, a polymer substrate based on polyethylene naphthalene, polyether ketone, polyamide, or the like, may support (in order of distance from the substrate) a layer consisting of aluminum followed by a layer consisting of molybdenum.</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 Providing a thin film layer(s) present in a conductive coating and/or a conductive coating itself with a higher coefficient and lower coefficient of thermal expansion than aluminium.</p>

Polyethylene naphthalene, polyamide or other polymer substrate used as a window leaf may support a thin layer of aluminum for stress engineering purposes, with a conductive layer of molybdenum, titanium or the like directly or indirectly. The conductive layer may also support

<p dir="rtl">25 A corrosion-resistant layer consisting of aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, or the like. The side of the substrate opposite these layers may optionally support a decorative ink or the like.</p>

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Some application embodiments may include microscopic holes or perforations that allow light to pass through the curtain and provide gradual amounts of solar transmittance based on the angle of the sun.

The full contents of each are incorporated here for reference. Among other things, perforation configurations, polymer materials, conductive coating designs, and stress engineering concepts are disclosed here.

<p dir="rtl">5 Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) and other details, and these teachings can at least be incorporated into some of the application models given for example.</p>

It is worth noting that one of the problems related to the design of the dynamic curtain is related to energy saving.

Electrical to the inner cavity of the insulating glass unit and this problem will be appreciated.

<p dir="rtl">10 Expertise in areas related to the insulating glass unit. For example, a voltage-driven curtain will need to be powered in order to operate. To do this, power can be transferred from outside the insulating glass unit to inside the insulating glass unit. It is also possible to pass under or over the spacer, but doing so can present challenges. For example, glass mix operations can become complicated because spacers are usually conductive. It can also be</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 The use of conductive and/or insulating glass mixture is complicated if a spacer is applied beforehand, because the spacer must securely seal the insulating glass unit as a whole and reduce the risk of gas release, etc. Accordingly,</p>

Given the above, inductive power transmission technologies would not be suitable at this time, for example, due to the relatively high cost and complications of such systems, etc. Note that punching a hole through the spacer and putting a wire through it introduces multiple leak points that can significantly shorten the life of the insulating glass unit, for example, because leak points can promote outgassing of inert gas (typically, argon, krypton, xenon, and/or other noble gases alone or mixed with air in predetermined percentages, e.g., 80% argon and 20% oxygen), moisture ingress, etc.

Certain application models help address these and/or other concerns. For example, 25 some typical examples relate to technologies for supplying power into the cavity of thermally insulating glass units.

and/or related methods. The techniques presented herein usefully reduce the likelihood of creating points

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Leakage and/or formation for additional time, and connection methods result in a longer life of the insulating glass units compared to other approaches. Due to the reduced risk of gas release, moisture ingress, etc., the techniques described here can be used to provide energy savings for the interiors of the unit cavity.

Insulating glass is used in a variety of applications including, but not limited to:

<p dir="rtl">5 Examples include applications where energy is used to drive dynamic blinds, activate lights, power sensors, extract energy from photovoltaic (PV) cells and/or the like.</p>

As will be evident from the description below, certain application models use a specialized pin to drill the spacer.

Provide electrical connection. Before insertion, the spacer is prepared by placing a plate at the hole site.

<p dir="rtl">10 The plate may also be, for example, a polyisobutylene (PIB) or otherwise lined rubber pad placed at the puncture site. This gasket is required, with the first part (the polyisobutylene) providing a gas seal, and the second part (the rubber) acting as an additional barrier and seal against the pin. A cylinder or other connector is placed at the end of the pin to supply power.</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 Figure 5 is a flowchart with an example of a process for creating an electrical connection to supply power to the interior of the cavity of the insulating glass unit, according to certain application embodiments shown as an example. In step 502, a temporary plug/cap is loaded into an operation manual. A GA sealant is placed in the operation manual. This may include, for example, manufacturing the GA sealant as described in step 504, for example, by installing a poly</p>

<p dir="rtl">20 Isobutylene rubber, and the polyisobutylene liner rubber pieces are cut to a suitable size. The polyisobutylene/rubber piece can then be placed in the operating guide as in step 506. In step 508, the spacer is placed in the operating guide. The spacer can be formed before being placed in the operating guide or while holding it in the operating guide.</p>

For example, in some of the application embodiments given as an example, the spacer may be cut to length, 25 and filled with desiccant, its ends connected to upcoming keys, and then placed in the operating manual.

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Optionally, a metal rod facilitating the internal electrical connection is placed on the spacer, in the installation, so that it matches the interior area of ​​the cavity of the insulating glass unit.

In step Q510, the pin is pushed through the assembly consisting of the optional metal rod and spacer, and into the temporary cover/plug.

<p dir="rtl">5 The insulating glass unit is constructed according to the convention given in Step 512. This involves placing the first and second supports in parallel and essentially spaced relation to each other, sealing them against leakage by means of a spacer (e.g., using polyisobutylene or other sealant provided between the spacer and the respective supports), and applying a structural sealant (e.g., consisting of or containing silicone). The structural sealant is applied over the cover/</p>

<p dir="rtl">10 A temporary plug in the application embodiments shown as an example. The cavity of the insulating glass unit may be refilled with an inert gas or inert gas mixture, as usual. Note that in step 514, the temporary cover/plug is removed, leaving a small cavity. In step 516, the cylinder or other connector is placed on the pin, providing an electrical connection and means by which power is supplied to the cavity of the insulating glass unit. Note that the timing of the removal of the temporary cover/plug and/or the connection of the cylinder or</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 Another connector may be of critical importance. For example, this can be achieved at a time when the structural seal has not fully hardened to allow temporary removal of the cap/plug and subsequent insertion of the connector while allowing a good seal to form. Similarly, this can be achieved to reduce the potential for gas release from the refilled inert gas/inlet gas mixture, in certain application models.</p>

Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing how the electrical connection is used to supply power to

<p dir="rtl">20 The inner part of the cavity of the insulating glass unit, according to some application embodiments given as an example; the schematic example given in Fig. 6 can be prepared using the technique of the example given in Fig. 5. As shown in Fig. 6, the first and second pillars 102 and 104 are separated by the spacer 106. While the sealant 602a helps to seal the spacer 106 on the first pillar 102, the sealant 602b helps to seal the spacer 106 on the second pillar 104. It is worth noting that the spacer 106 is provided around</p>

<p dir="rtl">25 The peripheral edges of the first and second pillars 102 and 104, which may be of the same or different sizes. Polyisobutylene may be used for sealant 602a, 602b in certain application embodiments.</p>

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exemplified. Within the spacer body 106 is a desiccant 604, which helps mitigate problems associated with the possibility of moisture entering the cavity 108. In general, the spacer 106 is a rigid, closed structure that can “store” the desiccant 604 beads or the like within it. The spacer 106 may have any suitable appearance including, for example, a generally rectangular cross-sectional shape 5, a generally rectangular cross-sectional shape with beveled cutouts close to the exterior of the insulating glass unit as shown in Figure 6, and/or the like. Note that any suitable spacer system may be used. This includes, for example, the SWISSPACER spacer systems and/or IET spacers and/or the like. In certain application embodiments listed as an example, the spacer 106 itself may be non-conductive. Metal (e.g., aluminum), plastics or other materials may be used for the spacer 106 in various application embodiments listed as an example.

The optional connector plate 606 may be formed of metal or other conductive material. The presence of the connector plate 606 internal to at least a portion of the spacer 106 may be useful for making electrical connections easily with the components to be powered. That is, the connector plate 606 may provide a large surface area for making electrical contact, and this area may be much larger than the pin or pin 608, which provides power through the spacer 106 itself. (For the purpose of the present disclosure, it is understood that there is no distinction between a nail or a pin.) Given the potential difficulty of maintaining the exterior of the interior of the insulating glass unit or connecting it, the nail or pin header 608 may be provided on the interior surface of the spacer 106 adjacent to the cavity 108. The connecting plate 606 may in this sense function as a bus bar or the like. The nail or pin header 608 may also be coated or covered along and around the portion of the header in contact with the bus bar to prevent electrical connection to the spacer 106 itself. An electrically insulating material may be provided around the pin in parts that may come into contact with the spacer 106. This may be required when the spacer 106 is composed of a conductive material. Accordingly, in certain application embodiments given as an example, the pin parts that come into contact with the spacer may be insulated to avoid electrical contact between the pin and the spacer.

<p dir="rtl">25 With the dynamic curtain, the conductive panel 606 may be provided at an end stop, top stop, and/or the like. When electrical components are provided</p>

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Other than within the cavity 108, a single connector board 606 may be used, or multiple boards may be provided. The latter may be advantageous where power is supplied to different components using connections at different locations. For example, power may be supplied to a dynamic curtain at a top or end stop close to the top or bottom of the curtain, while LEDs provided at the bottom or top 5 of the curtain may benefit from a separate board provided at a closer location.

As noted above, a screw or pin 608 is provided for the interior of the insulating glass unit in the cavity 108. The tip of the screw extends through the spacer 106 and protrudes outward from it. In Figure 6, for example, the tip of the screw or pin 608 protrudes through a GA-sealant comprising a first part 610 and a second part 612. This may include an inner polyisobutylene liner 10 (first part 610) for an outer rubber part (second part 612). Note that the screw or pin 608 is at least temporarily protected by a cap or plug 614. Such cap or plug 614 may assist in protecting the screw or pin 608 during the manufacturing, storage and/or transportation of the insulating glass unit, etc. For example, the cap or plug 614 may protect the screw or pin 608 during the formation of a structural sealant, which may be made of 15 silicone or the like.

In certain application embodiments shown as an example, the cap or plug 614 may be formed from flexible silicone or Teflon material. In certain application embodiments, the cap or plug 614 may be more rigid and may be hollow so that the cylinder or other connector 618 may connect to the external wire 620, which may supply power or the like to the interior of the thermal insulating glass unit 20. In Fig. 6, the cylinder or connector 618 is shown unconnected to the screw.

or pin 608, and therefore there is no electrical connection between wire 620. However, this is for illustrative purposes only, and the functional/installed application embodiment will include electrical contact and conduction. In certain application embodiments shown as an example, the conductor is located within the insulating glass unit and is at least partially enclosed by structural sealant.

<p dir="rtl">25 It is worth noting that it is possible to use a wire instead of the 608 nail or pin. However, using the 608 nail or pin may be beneficial for several reasons. For example, the rubber/</p>

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Polyisobutylene is a sealing agent for the screw or pin 608, where it is easier to tighten a rigid component in place than a more flexible wire. Additionally, the screw or pin 608 is a rigid structure that helps hold the components in place. That is, the screw or pin 608 helps hold the optional plate 606, the inner polyisobutylene liner (Part I 610),

<p dir="rtl">5 and the outer rubber piece (second part 612) to the spacer 106. Due to this fixed attachment, the possibility of wire separation will be reduced, for example, as a result of transportation, and/or storage, and/or installation, and/or other procedures.</p>

It is worth mentioning that the advantages of this system, in addition to energy transfer, relate to the ease of manufacturing process that accommodates current spacer systems. The functions of the sealant composed of polyisobutylene/

<p dir="rtl">10 The rubber as a membrane can be applied manually at any time, or can be applied automatically using robots. The pin can be inserted at any time (e.g. before the insulating glass unit is sealed) using a specialised installation tool and pneumatic actuator, either manually or using a robot. The temporary rubber that the pin penetrates also allows regular silicone to be applied without the mess of wires. The temporary rubber can be removed to access the pin and clean it.</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 Easily. Thus, an impermeable barrier is created in certain application models, providing protection against moisture ingress into the cavity as well as inert gas escape from the cavity, in addition to providing a safe and reliable method of supplying electrical power into the cavity.</p>

Although certain application models are described as providing methods for supplying power to the interior of the insulating glass unit cavity, the use of a pin or conductive pin for data transmission will be appreciated.

<p dir="rtl">20 To or from the cavity of the insulating glass unit in certain application models shown as an example.</p>

Figure 7 is a schematic representation of dynamic blinds 702b-702a provided in the window frame 704, according to some illustrative application embodiments. In a portion of the frame 704 obscured from view, a small LED or other lighting element is provided. When activated, the LED or other lighting element will provide an interesting aesthetic effect to the extended dynamic blinds 702b-702a. In

<p dir="rtl">25 In this regard, Figure 8 is a schematic representation of LEDs or other lighting elements used to illuminate the dynamic curtains 702b-702a extending from the example of Figure 7, according to some application embodiments.</p>

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Illustrative. In certain application embodiments shown as an example, the LED or other lighting elements may be operated and/or controlled via the circuit used to operate and/or control the dynamic blinds 702b-702a. For example, in certain application embodiments, a mini LED or other lighting elements may be connected to the stop bar or the inner glass surface.

<p dir="rtl">5 In certain application embodiments, this approach can be used to enhance the opacity of the dynamic curtain and/or to create a more interesting visual appearance. By lighting the windows, an aspect of privacy can be provided while still indicating “someone is home” or “someone is inside” thanks to the illuminated background. As illustrated in Figure 8 , for example, a small LED or other lighting element can be used to “cast” a dim glow upward onto the surface 10 of the curtain that is moving downward. From the inside, it may appear as a night light or dim light. From the outside, soft white light can be provided. The lights can be controlled via a curtain control unit in certain application models. Different use cases can be developed when the lights are turned on or off, for example, in connection with a programmable controller. For example, the lights may be turned on "after dark" or after the end of the working day, or when the light</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 The perimeter is higher than the minimum to prevent people from seeing into the building, or when integrated with an office automation system that indicates that a meeting room is reserved and that privacy is desired, etc. In certain application embodiments given as an example, one or more lighting elements may only be activated when the polymer substrate is extended or extended to the closed position of the window leaf.</p>

Although the example in Figure 8 illustrates that point light sources are provided at one edge 20 of the perimeter of the unit, it will be appreciated that different embodiments may include different arrangements. For example, a diffuser may be provided to create a more diffuse visual effect (non-point source), light sources may be provided around two or more edges, and/or the like. In this sense, a diffuser may be provided between one or more lighting elements and a central area of ​​the gap. As another example, in a thermal insulating glass unit having a first and a second side facing each other, 25 one or more lighting elements may be provided on the first side, while the opening position of the window leaf may be located

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In the second aspect. In certain application embodiments given as an example, there may be at least a plurality of lighting elements at different end edges of the thermal insulating glass unit.

It is worth noting that the lamps may receive power from an internal or external source such as, for example, a battery, a dedicated power source, a photovoltaic module, and/or the like. When external power sources are used, power may be delivered to the internal cavity using the techniques described in the example disclosed herein. It will also be appreciated that the internal or external batteries may be rechargeable as well as being able to be used independently, in connection with photovoltaic modules or dedicated power sources as chargers, etc. Photovoltaic modules may be internal to the thermal insulating glass unit in certain application models.

<p dir="rtl">10 Dynamic light curtain applications may be useful for residential or commercial windows for interior and/or exterior use, in vehicles (e.g., sunroofs, side windows, windshields or rear windows), in stores, and/or the like. In certain application embodiments, lights may be provided without the dynamic curtain.</p>

Although certain application models are described as providing power to electrostatically powered curtains and/or dynamic lights 15, the operation of a variety of different devices will be appreciated. This includes:

Such, for example, devices that support the Internet of Things (IoT) (such as, for example, light sensors, temperature sensors, cameras, etc.), displays integrated into thermal insulating glass units, and dynamic switchable coatings (for example, electrochromic, and/or polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), and/or polymer assembled liquid crystal). crystal, and/or other enclosures), photovoltaic modules, and/or the like.

It is worth noting that the insulating glass units described herein may include low-emissivity coatings on any one or more of the surfaces 1, 2, 3 and 4. As noted above, for example, 25 such low-emissivity coatings may serve as curtain conductive layers. In other embodiments, in addition to or apart from the curtain presentation and conductive layers,

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A low-emissivity coating may be provided on another interior surface. For example, a low-emissivity coating may be provided on surface 2, with a curtain attached to surface 3. In another example, the location of the curtain and low-emissivity coating may be reversed. In either case, a separate low-emissivity coating may or may not be used to assist in the operation of the curtain provided for the third surface 5. Note that in some embodiments of the application shown as an example, the coatings may be

The low-emissivity coatings provided on surfaces 2 and 3 are silver-based low-emissivity coatings. These low-emissivity coatings are also available for use with some of the application models given as examples.

Anti-reflective coatings may also be provided on the main surfaces of the insulating glass unit. In some application embodiments given as an example, the anti-reflective coating may be provided on each main surface.

Where a low-emissivity curtain and sheath are not available, these anti-reflection sheaths are also available with some of the application models given as examples.

It is worth noting that the application embodiments given as an example and described herein can be integrated into a variety of applications including, for example, interior and exterior windows for commercial and/or residential uses, skylights, doors, and for commercial such as refrigerators/freezers (for example, for doors

and/or "grandfather" (for vehicle uses, etc.

Although some of the application models given as examples have already been described for insulating glass units including two supports, the techniques described here can be applied to so-called triple insulating glass units. In such units, the first, second and third supports 20 are separated and essentially spaced from each other by first and second spacer systems,

In addition, curtains can be provided against one or more of the inner surfaces of the inner and outer supports, and/or one or both of the surfaces of the middle support.

Although some of the example application embodiments are described as including glass substrates (e.g., for use on the interior and exterior glass sides of the insulating glass units described herein), it will be appreciated that other example application embodiments may include a non-glass substrate for one or both of these glass panels. It is possible to use plastics, composite materials and/or the like,

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For example. When glass substrates are used, these substrates may be heat treated (e.g., heat strengthened and/or heat hardened), chemically hardened, left in annealed state, etc. In some application embodiments given as an example, the inner or outer substrate may be laminated to another substrate of the same or different materials.

<p dir="rtl">5 As used herein, the terms "on", "supported by" and the like should not be construed to mean that two elements are directly adjacent to each other unless expressly stated. In other words, a first layer may be said to be "on" or "supported by" a second layer, even if there are one or more layers in between.</p>

Some of the application models given as an example provide a method for manufacturing a heat-insulating glass unit.

<p dir="rtl">10 The first and second pillars. A spacer is inserted between the first and second pillars, which helps to keep the first and second pillars in a parallel and essentially spaced relationship from each other and to define the gap between them. The first outer surface of the spacer faces the inner surface of the first pillar, the second outer surface of the spacer faces the inner surface of the second pillar, the third outer surface of the spacer faces the cavity, and the fourth outer surface of the spacer faces away from the cavity.</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 A membrane is provided over at least one of the four outer surfaces of the spacer. A pin protrudes through openings in the third and fourth outer surfaces of the spacer and through the membrane, the pin being of an electrically conductive material. A structural seal is provided for the insulating glass unit outside the spacer and at least partially encloses the portion of the pin protruding through the membrane.</p>

In addition to the advantages mentioned in the previous paragraph, in certain application models given as an example, it can be provided:

<p dir="rtl">20 A conductive plate on the third outer surface of the spacer, for example, with the conductive plate electrically contacted via the pin.</p>

In addition to the properties of the preceding paragraph, in certain application embodiments given as an example, the pin may protrude through the connector board.

In addition to the features of either of the preceding paragraphs, in certain application embodiments given as an example, 25 the pin header may contact the conductive plate on one of its sides adjacent to the cavity.

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In addition to the features described in any of the preceding four paragraphs, in some embodiments of the application given as an example, the membrane may comprise a rubber element reinforced with polyisobutylene.

In addition to the features of any of the five preceding paragraphs, in certain practical embodiments given as an example, the membrane may include a structure consisting of two molecules, for example, wherein the

<p dir="rtl">5 The first is a gas leak stopper for the gas in the cavity of the insulating glass unit, while the second part is an additional barrier and sealant against the pin.</p>

In addition to the features provided for in any of the preceding six paragraphs, in certain application embodiments listed as an example, a plug may be provided for one of the pin parts and such plug is protruding from and away from the spacer.

In addition to the features mentioned in any of the previous seven paragraphs, in certain application models, perhaps:

<p dir="rtl">10 The pin provides a location for electrical contact with a connector to an external power source for the insulating glass unit.</p>

In addition to the features of any preceding paragraph, in certain application embodiments given as an example, the conductor may be a cylindrical conductor connected to a wire, for example, with the conductor located within the insulating glass unit and at least partially surrounded by a structural sealant.

<p dir="rtl">15 In addition to the features set forth in any of the preceding nine paragraphs, in certain application embodiments given as an example, the spacer may be sealed to the first and second supports with a sealant, and the membrane may include the same sealant used to seal the spacer to the first and second supports.</p>

In addition to the features provided for in any of the preceding ten paragraphs, in certain application embodiments, as shown by example, 20 the pin parts that contact the spacer may be insulated to avoid electrical contact between the pin and the spacer.

In addition to the features of any of the eleven preceding paragraphs, in certain application embodiments given as an example, an electronically powered element may be located within the cavity, for example, with such element being capable of being powered from an external power source to the cavity via an electrical connection provided by the pin.

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In addition to the features set forth in any preceding paragraph, in certain application embodiments listed as an example, the electronically actuated element may be a light source, and/or an electrostatically powered dynamic curtain, and/or an Internet of Things device, and/or the like.

For example, some of the application models given as an example provide a method for making an insulating glass unit.

<p dir="rtl">5 For heat. The method consists of: a spacer, and the spacer includes a first, second, third, and fourth outer surface;</p>

Apply a membrane to the outer four surfaces of the spacer; insert a pin through the outer three and four surfaces of the spacer, and through the membrane applied to the outer four surfaces of the spacer, the pin containing an electrically conductive material; seal the first and second supports together with the spacer between them in the manufacture of the insulating glass unit, noting that the first outer surface of the spacer faces

<p dir="rtl">10 The inner surface of the first pillar, the second outer surface of the spacer faces the inner surface of the second pillar, the third outer surface of the spacer faces the cavity of the IG unit, and the fourth outer surface of the spacer faces away from the cavity of the IG unit; forming an external structural seal for the IG unit by using a structural seal provided around the outer part of the spacer.</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 In addition to the features of the preceding paragraph, in certain application embodiments given as an example, a conductive plate may be attached to the third outer surface of the spacer, e.g., when the pin is electrically connected to the conductive plate in the insulating glass unit.</p>

In addition to the features mentioned in the preceding paragraph, in certain application embodiments, as an example, the pin may be inserted so that it protrudes through the connector board.

<p dir="rtl">20 In addition to the features of any of the three preceding paragraphs, in certain application embodiments given as an example, the membrane may include a structure consisting of two parts, for example, wherein the first part is a gas-tight barrier for the benefit of the gas in the cavity of the insulating glass unit, while the second part is an additional barrier and sealant against the pin.</p>

In addition to the advantages mentioned in any of the previous four paragraphs, in certain application models mentioned

<p dir="rtl">25 As an example, a plug may be provided for one of the pin parts and this plug may be protruding from and away from the spacer.</p>

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In addition to the advantages mentioned in any of the previous four paragraphs, in certain application models mentioned

For example, the plug may be removed before or during the formation of the external structural seal.

In addition to the advantages mentioned in any of the previous six paragraphs, in certain application models mentioned

As an example, an electronically operated element can be provided in the thermal insulation glass unit, provided that

<p dir="rtl">5 This element is inside the cavity, for example, with the possibility of supplying power to this element from an external power source to the cavity via an electrical connection provided by the pin.</p>

Some of the application embodiments given as an example provide a method for manufacturing a thermal insulating glass unit. The first and second pillars each have an inner and an outer main surface, with the inner main surface of the first pillar facing the inner main surface of the second pillar. The spacer system helps to maintain

<p dir="rtl">10 The first and second pillars are in a parallel and essentially spaced relationship with each other and a gap is defined between them. One or more lighting elements are provided in the gap. It is worth noting that the dynamically controlled curtain interspersed between the first and second pillars, the curtain being composed of: a first conductive layer provided, directly or indirectly, on the inner main surface of the first pillar; a window leaf including at least one polymer substrate, first and second conductive coatings, and first and second layers</p>

<p dir="rtl">15 Two electrical insulators. The at least one polymer substrate is extendable to a closed position of the window leaf and retractable to an open position of the window leaf. The first and/or second conductive coatings are electrically conductive to a controllable power source to set an electrical potential difference to create a first electrostatic force to drive the at least one polymer substrate to a closed position of the window leaf.</p>

In addition to the advantages mentioned in the previous paragraph, in certain application models given as an example, it may be

<p dir="rtl">20 The insulating glass unit has two sides, one first and one second, facing each other, where one or more lighting elements are provided on the first side, while the window opening position is on the second side.</p>

In addition to the features of either of the preceding paragraphs, in certain application embodiments given as an example, one or more lighting elements may be activated only when the polymer substrate is extended or extended to the closing position of the leaf.

<p dir="rtl">25 The window.</p>

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In addition to the features of any of the three preceding paragraphs, in certain application embodiments given as an example, one or more dynamically controllable lighting and curtain elements may participate in the control circuit.

In addition to the advantages mentioned in any of the previous four paragraphs, in certain application models given as an example,

<p dir="rtl">5 One or more dynamically controllable lighting and curtain elements may share a power source.</p>

In addition to the advantages mentioned in the previous paragraph, in some application models given as an example, the power source may be outside the gap.

In addition to the features of any of the preceding six paragraphs, in certain application embodiments listed 10 as an example, each one or more of the lighting elements may be a light-emitting diode.

In addition to the features provided for in any of the preceding seven paragraphs, in certain application embodiments given as an example, a distributor may be provided between one or more lighting elements and a central gap area.

<p dir="rtl">15 In addition to the features of any of the preceding eight paragraphs, in certain application embodiments given as an example, there may be at least a plurality of lighting elements at different end edges of the insulating glass unit.</p>

In certain application embodiments given as an example, methods for preparing and/or using the thermal insulating glass unit are provided in accordance with any of the nine preceding paragraphs.

<p dir="rtl">20 While the invention has been described in relation to what is currently considered the best and preferred practical application embodiment, it should be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed application embodiment and/or deposition techniques, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various equivalent modifications and arrangements included in the spirit and scope of the appended claims.</p>

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