Method of performing minimisation of drive test (mdt) for specific area in wireless communication system

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system and terminal for providing wireless communication services, and more particularly to a method for performing minimize performance test (MDT) for the specific area (s) in the enhanced universal mobile telecommunications system (E-UMTS), developed on the basis of UMTS , Long Term Evolution (LTE) or long term evolution advanced (LTE-A).

BACKGROUND

Figure 1 - a view illustrating a network architecture enhanced universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), which is a mobile communication system to which a related art and the present invention. The system of E-UTRAN is based on the existing system of the UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN), and its basic standardization work is currently undergoing a Partnership Project third generation (3GPP). E-UMTS system can also be called a long term evolution (LTE).

E-UTRAN includes a plurality of e-NB (e-NodeB; hereinafter herein called "base station") and a plurality of eNBs are connected with each other through X2 interface. eNB is connected to user equipment (hereinafter, herein called «UE») via a wireless interface, and connected with an enhanced packet core (EPC) through a S1 interface.

EPC may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME), Serving Gateway (S-GW), and a packet data network gateway (PDN-GW). MME includes information about the UE connection or functions of UE, and such information is primarily used for the mobility management UE. S-GW - a gateway having E-UTRAN as an end point, and the PDN-GW - a gateway having a packet data network (PDN) as the endpoint.

Radio interface protocol layers between the UE and the network can be divided into a first layer (L1), a second level (L2) and a third layer (L3) based on three lower layers of the base of the OSI model (OSI), is widely known in communications systems. The physical layer belonging to the first level, provides an information transfer service using a physical channel, and a radio resource control layer (hereinafter, herein called «RRC»), located at the third level, plays the role of controlling radio resources between the UE and the network. For this purpose, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the network. 2 and 3 - images illustrating the architecture of a radio interface protocol between the UE and the base station, based on the standard radio access network 3GPP. The radio interface protocol horizontally includes a physical layer, link layer and a network layer, and vertically divided into a user plane (U-plane) for transmitting data information and a control plane (C-plane) for transmitting control signals. Radio interface protocol layers 2 and 3 can be divided into a first layer (L1), a second level (L2) and a third layer (L3) based on three lower layers of the base of the OSI model (OSI), is widely known in communications systems. These radio interface protocol layers exist as a pair in the UE and E-UTRAN, to perform a data transfer for radiouchastka.

Further herein is described in each level of the control plane radio interface protocol user plane 2 and 3 shows a radio interface protocol.

The physical layer (PHY), which is the first layer, provides an information transfer service to an upper layer using physical channels. PHY layer is connected with the upper level medium access control (MAC) through a transport channel, and data between the MAC layer and the PHY layer are transmitted through the transport channel. Currently, the transport channel is roughly divided into a dedicated transport channel and a common transport channel based on whether the channel is split or not. Moreover, data is transferred between different PHY layers, e.g., between the PHY layer at the transmitter and receiver sides.

Different levels exist at the second level. Firstly, the level of a medium access control (MAC) serves to tie the various logical channels to various transport channels and also performs logical channel multiplexing to map the plurality of logical channels to one transport channel. The MAC layer is connected to an upper layer Radio Link Control (RLC) via a logical channel and logical channel is roughly divided into a control channel for transmitting control plane information and a traffic channel for transmitting user plane information according to the type of information to be transmitted.

The level of a radio link control (RLC) controls the second-level segmentation and concatenation of data received from an upper layer to appropriately adjust a data size, so that the lower level could send data to the radio. Also, the RLC layer provides three modes of operation, such as Transparent Mode (TM), mode is not confirmed (UM) and the acknowledgment mode (AM), so as to guarantee various quality of service (QoS), required by each radio bearer (RB). In particular, AM RLC performs a retransmission function through automatic repeat and request (ARQ) for reliable data transmission.

Level Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) second level performs a header compression function to reduce the header size of IP-packet, which has a relatively high resolution and contains unnecessary control information to efficiently transmit IP-packets, such as IPv4 or IPv6, over the radio section having a relatively small bandwidth. Due to the only information required from the header portion of the data, thereby helping to increase the transmission efficiency radiouchastka. In addition, in the LTE system, the PDCP layer performs a security function, which includes ciphering for preventing data interception by third party and integrity protection for preventing data manipulation by third parties.

A radio resource control (RRC), located in the uppermost portion of the third layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer serves as a control logical channels, transport channels and physical channels in association with configuration, re-configuration and release of radio bearers (RB). Here, RB denotes a logical path provided by the first and the second layer for data transfer between the UE and UTRAN. RB establishment, in general, refers to the process of establishing the characteristics of protocol layers and channels required for providing a specific service, and setting for each detailed parameter and operation method thereof. RB is divided into RB signaling (SRB) and RB data (DRB), wherein the SRB is used as a path for transmission of RRC messages in the C-plane, while the DRB is used as a path for transmitting user data in the U-plane.

Later herein be described in detail and an RRC connection method RRC UE. RRC mode indicates whether the RRC connected logically to the UE E-UTRAN RRC. If connected, then it is called a RRC_CONNECTED mode, otherwise it is called a RRC_IDLE mode. For the UE in the RRC_CONNECTED mode E-UTRAN can recognize the significant presence of the UE in the cell element because of its RRC connection exists, and thus, E-UTRAN can effectively control the UE. On the contrary, for the UE in RRC_IDLE mode E-UTRAN can not recognize significant UE, and therefore, it is controlled by a core network element in the tracking area, which is an element larger than a cell. In other words, the presence of the UE in RRC_IDLE mode is only recognized in a large area cell, and therefore, it should translate in RRC_CONNECTED mode, to receive typical mobile communication services such as voice or data.

When the UE is initially activated by the user, UE first searches for a suitable cell and then is put in RRC_IDLE corresponding cell. UE, translated in RRC_IDLE mode, performs RRC to RRC E-UTRAN using the RRC Connection procedure, when the RRC connection is required, thus changing the state in RRC_CONNECTED mode. There are several cases in which the idle mode UE must perform RRC connection. For example, the transmission of uplink data may be required due to attempts to make a phone call by the user, or the like, or transmitting a response message may be required in response to the paging message received from the E-UTRAN.

Later on herein will be described to minimize the performance test (MDT). The principal aim is to change the MDT test, which was carried out by existing real vehicle operators an effective scheme to ensure the optimization of cell coverage. That is, one circuit should detect the hole in the coating. Coating depends on the construction of new buildings or base station, or a user environment of use. Thus, the operator must periodically test performance, which causes the consumption of large amounts of money and resources. MDT is the concept of using user terminals instead of the actual measurement of coating operators.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

In general, in order to optimize the cell coverage, it is necessary to perform measurement of MDT in RRC idle mode terminal as the terminal is located in a cell in the RRC idle mode. To do this, the network needs to establish a specific configuration of the measurement terminal which has to perform a recordable MDT in RRC idle mode. Further, to be a method for transferring recording MDT measurement, stored in the RRC idle mode. Here, if the terminal always performs measurement MDT (e.g., recordable MDT), whenever the terminal is in RRC idle mode, it may cause unnecessary consumption of the battery (or memory) of the terminal due to unnecessary measurement recording MDT. Further, when the terminal performs the measurement of MDT (e.g., recordable MDT) regarding measurement configuration, which is mounted network, it can also cause unnecessary consumption of the battery (or memory) of the terminal, since some of the measurements MDT (e.g., recordable MDT) may not be interested in service provider.

THE SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM

Therefore, object of the present invention is to provide a method of performing recording MDT (minimizing performance test) for the specific area (s) in a wireless communication system more effectively than in the prior art.

To solve the problem of the present invention in accordance with one embodiment of a method for performing measurements in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the steps of: receiving a measurement configuration from a network, the measurement configuration comprises information field indicating one or more specific cells which should record the measurement; stores the received measurement configuration; receive system information from a network, wherein the system information includes a cell ID; record and perform measurements if the cell, said cell identifier system information is included in the area specified in the information field of the measurement configuration.

Also, to solve the problem of the present invention in accordance with one embodiment of a method for performing measurements in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the steps of: receiving a measurement configuration of the network in connected mode RRC, the configuration of the measurement is used to record a measurement mode, RRC idle, wherein the measurement configuration is received via a dedicated RRC message; recording measurements performed in RRC idle mode, using the received measurement configuration; and report the measurement result recorded in the network RRC connected mode.

Furthermore, to solve the problem of the present invention in accordance with one embodiment of an apparatus for performing measurements in a wireless communication system, the apparatus comprising: a transceiver for transmitting or receiving data; a memory for storing data; and a processor cooperating with the transceiver and the memory to perform the steps of: receiving a measurement configuration from a network, the measurement configuration comprises information field indicating one or more specific cell that should record the measurement; stores the received measurement configuration; receive system information from a network, wherein the system information includes a cell ID; record and perform measurements if the cell, said cell identifier system information is included in the area specified in the information field of the measurement configuration.

Furthermore, to solve the problem of the present invention in accordance with one embodiment of an apparatus for performing measurements in a wireless communication system, the apparatus comprising: a transceiver for transmitting or receiving data; a memory for storing data; and a processor cooperating with the transceiver and the memory to perform the steps of: receiving a measurement configuration of the network in connected mode RRC, wherein the configuration of the measurement is used to record a measurement standby RRC, wherein the measurement configuration is received via the dedicated message RRC; recording measurements performed in RRC idle mode, using the received measurement configuration; and report the measurement result recorded in the network RRC connected mode.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

1 - network architecture like E-UTRAN mobile communication system to which a related art and the present invention;

2 - is an image illustrating the architecture of the control plane of the radio interface protocol between the UE and the E-UTRAN;

3 - an exemplary view illustrating a user plane architecture in a radio interface protocol between UE and E-UTRAN; and

4 - an exemplary view illustrating a procedure for performing recording MDT (minimizing performance test) in accordance with the present invention.

THE INVENTION

One aspect of the present invention is the recognition by the present invention, the problems related art described above and further explained below. Based on this property it has been developed features of the present invention.

The present invention is applicable to a 3GPP communication technology, in particular to devices and methods for communication in a UMTS, system or system UTE UTE-A. However, the present invention is not limited to this type of connection, but is applicable to any wired / wireless communication that falls within the scope of the present invention.

Later on herein will be described the configurations and operations of the preferred embodiment according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Later on herein will be described to minimize the performance test (MDT). The principal aim is to change the MDT test, which was carried out using a real vehicle, existing operators, an effective scheme to ensure the optimization of the coating. That is, one circuit should detect the hole in the coating. Coating depends on the construction of new buildings or base station, or a user environment of use. Thus, the operator must periodically test performance, which causes the consumption of large amounts of money and resources. MDT is the concept of using user terminals instead of the actual measurement of coating operators.

Minimizing performance test (MDT) can be divided into direct and recordable MDT MDT. Recordable MDT is that MDT after the measurement terminal stores (or writes) the measurement result, and then transmits the recorded MDT network (e.g., eNB), at a particular time (or specific time). Direct MDT is that MDT after the measurement terminal transmits measurement result immediately network without storing the measurement result in the storage of the terminal. As described above, the difference between the recorded and direct MDT MDT is stored (or recorded) whether the measurement result. Here, if the terminal is in RRC idle mode, recordable MDT may be used, since the terminal can not immediately transmit a measurement result to the RRC idle mode.

In general, the measured value for the MDT is the quality of the cell in which the terminal is located. The measurement value can be measured as a reference signal received power (RSRP) and the reference signal received quality (RSRQ). If recorded MDT configured or configured, the terminal may measure the quality of a cell in idle mode and RRC can store (or write), the measured cell quality. Thereafter, the terminal can transmit the measured quality of the cell (e.g., a recordable MDT, MDT measurement result) network. Upon receiving the measurement result from terminal MDT network may optimize cell coverage by means or power control cell using the received measurement result MDT.

The starting conditions for measurement terminal to store a record are separated based on the period and method based on the event is triggered method. Based on startup event process is applied when the radio quality of a downlink measured by the terminal is lower than a specific reference value, after the transmission of RRC messages from the failed or after failure of a radio access radio uplink.

In general, the methods for the conservation of measurement records include a method based on the period and based on the startup event process. The easiest way is to inform a preset period of time to save the record from the network to the terminal so that the terminal can measure an entry for each pre-set time to record the measurement report network. However, if the network establishes a very short period of time, the terminal may measure the unwanted record too many times, and if the network establishes a too long period of time, the radio medium may become very bad to measure after the recording period. In this case, such information may not be terminal in the information recording really useful time.

In contrast to the method based on a period based on the event recording method is implemented so that the terminal measures its recording when the preset condition is satisfied. As compared with the method based on a period based on the event record recording method measures only when the measuring terminal actually record necessary therefore effective measurement recorder can be tolerated without undue recording measurement terminal. Based on the event recording methods may include a method for measuring the recording terminal by checking radio quality of downlink terminal and method for measuring the recording terminal by checking the quality of uplink radio terminal. If the terminal is in the CELL_PCH or URA_PCH, the terminal has no data it will transmit on the uplink, therefore, the terminal shall measure entry terminal after checking radio quality of downlink. Measurement recording terminal after checking the quality of downlink radio communication may be performed in two cases, namely at the time of transmission is re-established after the RRC radio failure (RLF), and when the radio quality of a downlink serving cell is lower than a specific threshold.

As mentioned above, one of the conditions for the launch event for the preservation of records of measurement terminal must be measured after the re-entry of the terminal after an RRC radio failure (RLF). Here, the terminal detects the RLF with the following processes. For example, if the terminal receives a specific amount or more violations of the synchronization of the physical layer for a preset period of time, i.e. it is informed that the radio quality of the downlink is not in good condition, the terminal determines that the radio downlink has a problem. Later, if the problem radio resolved within a predetermined time, namely, if the terminal is structurally receives a specific number or more synchronizations with the physical layer for a predetermined period of time, i.e. is informed that the radio quality of the downlink becomes good, the terminal determines that the problem was solved by radio communication. If the terminal does not accept a specific number of synchronization for a predetermined time, the terminal determines that the downlink broken, namely RLF occurred. Accordingly, the terminal releases the previously allocated radio resources and enters the IDLE, thereby re-searching a suitable cell.

The present invention provides the following method of performing recording MDT in RRC idle mode more effectively.

Firstly, the network (e.g., eNB) can select a specific terminal (s) which should execute recordable MDT in RRC idle mode. Here, the specific terminal (s) may be selected from the terminals in the RRC connected mode. After selecting a specific terminal configuration measurement (or measurement configuration message) for recording MDT may be transmitted to a specific terminal (s) through the use of dedicated RRC messages. Here, the measurement configuration message can be transmitted via a separate RRC message, or a message can be transmitted through the release of a compound of RRC.

Measurement configuration message may include information about the field or identifier (ID) field that indicates the specific area (or cell) in which a recordable MDT to be executed by the terminal. Here, information about the area or region ID may take a different format, for example, 1) cell identifier: the identifier of the same cell, 2) the list of cell IDs: ID list of a plurality of cells, and 3) cell group ID, and 4) tracking area identifier etc. .

Post measurement configuration may also additionally include the following information, for example, 1) information indicating that it is necessary to measure - RSRP (received power of the reference signal), RSRQ (received quality of the reference signal), CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), RSSI (indicator received signal strength), etc., 2) information indicating when to write the result of measurement - specific point (s) of time or a specific condition (s) to write the result of measurement.

The RRC connected mode after receiving the message from the network configuration measuring terminal (UE) can maintain the value (s) of information in the measurement configuration message store (e.g., memory buffer) of the terminal.

Thereafter, when the terminal changes its state to standby RRC, the terminal may wait in a suitable cell based on radio quality or priority of frequency and may then checks whether a cell where the terminal is located in the cell, the information about the field or ID region. Here, the above-described checking step may be performed whenever the terminal performs a cell selection or reselection standby RRC. Further, the above step of checking may be performed by comparing the stored information about the area (or the area ID) from the measurement configuration message ID field transmitted through system information from the network.

After the verification phase, if it is determined that the ID field of the system information coincides with the stored information about the area (or the area ID stored), the terminal can continue to perform measurement of MDT in RRC idle mode, and may store (or write) the result of the measurement. However, if it is determined that the area ID system information does not coincide with the stored information about the area (or preserved area ID), the terminal can suspend the execution of the measurement MDT.

Thereafter, when the terminal changes its state in RRC connected mode, the terminal can transmit the measurement result MDT network. Here, the measurement result MDT can be transmitted over a dedicated network connection RRC. MDT measurement result may include a plurality of different recorded measurement results for different cells or areas. Consequently, MDT measurement result may also include an area ID (or cell ID or area ID) to isolate its ID field among other fields.

4 - an exemplary view illustrating a procedure for performing recording MDT (minimizing performance test) in accordance with the present invention.

As illustrated in Figure 4, the terminal (UE) can take on the configuration of the measurement (or measurement configuration message) from the network (e.g., eNB) in RRC connected mode. Here, the measurement configuration message may include a list of identifiers (ID) cells. Here, each of the cell IDs may indicate to a particular cell that is to perform measurement of MDT (or recordable MDT). Additionally, the measurement configuration message may include information associated with a list of identifiers (ID) cells. Thereafter accepted measurement configuration can be stored in the storage unit (e.g., memory buffer) of the terminal.

Thereafter, when the terminal changes its state in RRC idle mode, the terminal may wait in a suitable cell (by performing selection / reselection or receiving the paging message), and may receive a cell ID (or domain ID) by receiving the system information. Thereafter, the terminal may compare the cell ID list from the system information cell ID stored in the storage unit. If one of the cell ID list matches the cell ID of the system information, the terminal can perform the recording operation MDT and can record the result of measurement after the recording MDT. If neither a cell ID list does not match the cell ID of the system information, the terminal can not execute the recording operation MDT (i.e. suspend measurement operation MDT). Thereafter, when the terminal changes its state in RRC connected mode, the network terminal may transmit a measurement report which includes the measurement result recorded in RRC idle mode. Here, a measurement report can be transmitted over a dedicated network connection RRC. Additionally, a measurement report may include a plurality of different recorded measurement results for different cells or areas, and each of the recorded measurement results may include a corresponding cell ID (or domain ID) to isolate its cell ID to other cells.

As described above, MDT (minimization of the performance test) is a new feature introduced in LTE / UMTS, to facilitate the automation of the measurement collection terminal (UE), to minimize the need for manual test performance. According to the present invention, the terminal (UE) may perform measurement of MDT in the standby mode is called the write-MDT.

The present invention provides a mechanism to configure a specific terminal (UE) in idle mode to perform measurement of MDT in a particular area. Specifically, when the terminal (UE) connected to a cell, it takes the configuration of the measurement through a dedicated RRC message from the network (eNB) and stores the configuration information in the storage unit of measurement (e.g., memory buffer) of the terminal. Here, the measurement configuration message may include information about the area or the area identifier that points to a specific area, which should be measured the MDT. Here, information about the area or the area identifier may take the form of a tracking area identifier, a cell identifier, a list of cell IDs or cell group ID. Additionally, the measurement configuration message may also include a trigger condition of measurement (for example, when measuring). When the measurement start condition is satisfied, the terminal may execute and store measurement MDT MDT measurement results in a storage unit (for example, recording MDT) or the terminal may store the results of measurement MDT, which are available at that time. Additionally, the measurement configuration message may also include information indicating that it is necessary to measure. Here, the measurement configuration message can be transmitted via a separate RRC message within the message or the connection release RRC. In standby mode, RRC, if the terminal is in the same area as the information about the area or the area identifier, the terminal can perform the measurement of MDT and can record the measurement result MDT, when the start condition of measurement is satisfied, or the terminal can record the available measurement results MDT, when start recording the measurement condition is satisfied. However, in the RRC idle mode, if the terminal is in an area different from said information region or domain identifier, the terminal may stop the measurement and the MDT can stop recording measurement results MDT, or the terminal may stop recording measurement results available MDT. A situation where the terminal is located in an area different from said area information or identifier field, may occur when the terminal exits the specific area, or when the terminal is turned off in a particular area and is included in the other region. The terminal may determine whether or not it is in the same region as said information about an area or region identifier by comparing the identifier field of messages received measurement configuration (e.g., stored in the UE), with the area identifier transmitted from a network. In each cell, the network may send the area ID to which the cell in system information. Here, the terminal may perform the comparison area identifier when he selects a new cell. If the two are the same area identifier, the terminal can assume that he is in the same area, and can continue to carry out the measurement and recording MDT, or writing measurement results available MDT. If the two do not match the ID field, the terminal can assume that he moved to another area, and may cease to perform measurement and recording MDT, or writing measurement results available MDT. Thereafter, when the terminal is connected to the network, the terminal can transmit the measurement results stored through the dedicated RRC messages (e.g., measurement report messages) network. If the network different from the network, which sends measurement configuration message, then the terminal may include in the measurement report message identifier field for which the stored measurement results. If the network does not differ from the network, which sends measurement configuration message, then the terminal may transmit a measurement report message without including an identifier area for which the recorded measurement results. Here, the area identifier may be transmitted in the network or the network system information in a configuration message or a measurement report message by the terminal in the measurement.

The present invention can provide a method for performing measurements in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the steps of: receiving a measurement configuration from a network, the measurement configuration comprises information field indicating one or more specific cell that should record the measurement; stores the received measurement configuration; receive system information from a network, wherein the system information includes a cell ID; and performing recording of measurement if the cell, said cell identifier of system information included in the area specified in the information configuration area measurement, transmits the recorded result of the measurement network, wherein the information area relates to at least one of a cell identifier, list cell ID, group ID cells and identity tracking area, the recording of measurement stops if a cell indicates a cell identifier system information is not included in the area, the information about the field configuration of measurement recorded measurement result includes an identifier field indicating the specific areas where the recording was made of measurement, measurement configuration is configured to minimize the performance test (MDT), the determination of whether the cell is enabled, specify the identity of the cell system information in the region, the information about the configuration of the field measurement is performed, the terminal expects the new cell.

It is also possible to say that a method for performing measurements in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the steps of: receiving a measurement configuration of the network in connected mode RRC, the configuration of the measurement is used to record a measurement standby RRC, wherein the measurement configuration received via selected message RRC; recording measurements performed in RRC idle mode, using the received measurement configuration; and report the measurement result recorded in the network in RRC connected mode, wherein a measurement configuration configuration minimize performance test (MDT), measurement configuration indicates recording start condition measurement.

The present invention can provide a device for performing measurements in a wireless communication system, the apparatus comprising: a transceiver for transmitting or receiving data; a memory for storing data and a processor cooperating with the transceiver and the memory to perform the steps of: receiving a measurement configuration from a network, the measurement configuration comprises information field indicating one or more particular cells that have to record measurements; stores the received measurement configuration; receive system information from a network, wherein the system information includes the identifier of the cell; record and perform measurements, if the cell, said cell identifier system information is included in the area specified in the information field of the measurement configuration, and the configuration of the measurement is configured to minimize the performance test (MDT).

Also, the present invention can provide a device for performing measurements in a wireless communication system, the apparatus comprising: a transceiver for transmitting or receiving data; a memory for storing data and a processor cooperating with the transceiver and the memory to perform the steps of: receiving a measurement configuration of the network in connected mode RRC, wherein the configuration of the measurement is used to record a measurement standby RRC, wherein the measurement configuration is received via a dedicated Post RRC; recording measurements performed in RRC idle mode, using the received measurement configuration; and report the measurement result recorded in the network in RRC connected mode, wherein a measurement configuration configuration minimize performance test (MDT).

The present invention provides a method which can efficiently perform an operation MDT (minimizing performance test) in a wireless communication system. According to the present invention, the terminal may perform a recordable MDT only for a specific area (for example, a particular cell). Unlike the related art, since the terminal performs MDT only for a specific area, it is possible to prevent unnecessary consumption of the battery and a storage device.

Further herein is described a terminal in accordance with the present invention.

Although the invention has been described in the context of mobile communication, the present invention also can be used in any wireless communication systems using mobile devices, such as PDA (personal digital assistants), and notebook computers equipped with capabilities (e.g., interface) wireless communication system. Moreover, the use of certain terms to describe the present invention should not limit the scope of the present invention, a certain type of wireless communication system. The present invention is also applicable to other wireless communication systems using different air interfaces and / or physical layers, for example, TDMA (multiple access with time division), CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (multiple access frequency division), WCDMA (wideband code division multiple access) OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division), EV-DO, Wi-Max, Wi-Bro, etc.

Exemplary embodiments may be implemented as a method, apparatus or article of manufacture using standard programming and / or engineering techniques to manufacture software, firmware, hardware or any combination thereof. The term "product" in the context herein indicates the code or logic implemented in hardware logic (e.g., an integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc.) or a computer readable medium (eg, magnetic storage medium (eg, hard drives, floppy disks, tape, etc.), optical storage (CD-ROM (CD-ROM), optical disks, etc.), volatile and non-volatile memory devices (such as electrically erasable and programmable ROM (EEPROM), ROMs, RAMs, DRAMs, SRAMs, firmware, programmable logic, etc.).

Code in the computer readable medium is possible to access and executed by the processor. The code in which exemplary embodiments are implemented may further be accessible through a transmission media or from a file server over a network. In such cases, a product in which the code is implemented may comprise a transmission media, such as a network transmission line, wireless transmission Wednesday, signals propagating through space, radio waves, infrared signals, etc. Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize that there may be many modifications are made with respect to this configuration without departing from the scope of the present invention and that the product may contain any information carrying medium known in the art.

As the present invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from its spirit and scope, it should also be understood that the described embodiments are not limited by any details of the foregoing description, unless otherwise specified, but instead should be widely interpreted within the spirit and scope thereof, as defined in the appended claims, and therefore all changes and modifications that fall within the metes and bounds of the claims, or equivalents of such metes and bounds are therefore embraced by the appended claims.