Gigabit passive optical network transmission convergence extension for next generation access

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims benefit to provisional patent application (US) 61/046474, filed April 21, 2008 Yuanqiu Luo et al., Entitled "Gigabit Passive Optical Network Transmission Convergence Extension for Next Generation Access" ("The expansion of transmission convergence gigabit passive optical network for next-generation access "), which is incorporated herein by reference as if fully is to reproduce.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a passive optical network, and more particularly to the expansion of transmission convergence gigabit passive optical network for next-generation access.

BACKGROUND ART

Passive Optical Network (PON) is one system for providing network access for the "last mile." PON is a network of "point-to-multipoint 'consisting of an optical line terminal (OLT) at the central office, the distributed optical network (ODN), and a plurality of optical network units (ONU) at the user site. In some PON-system, e.g. Gigabit PON- (GPON) system, data are transmitted in the downstream direction at approximately 2.5 Gigabits per second (Gb / c), along with the fact that data is transmitted in the upstream direction at about 1.25 Gbps / c. Nevertheless, expect the bandwidth PON-systems will increase, as demand for services increases. To meet the increased demand for services, logic devices in developing PON-system, such as next generation access (NGA), reconfigured for transmission of data frames at a higher bandwidth, such as about ten gigabits / c, and to support a larger number of ONU.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment, the invention includes an apparatus comprising at least one component configured to implement a method comprising: encapsulating the data stream into at least one frame encapsulation method (GEM) gigabit passive optical network (GPON), GEM-frame comprising a header aligned to a word boundary, at least a length of approximately four bytes; GEM-encapsulation frame to frame transmission convergence GPON (GTC), GTC-frame containing information network management, consistent with the word boundary; and transmitting the GTC-frame.

In another embodiment, the invention includes an apparatus comprising at least one component configured to implement a method comprising: encapsulating the data stream into at least one frame encapsulation method (GEM) gigabit passive optical network (GPON), GEM-frame comprising a header aligned to a word boundary, at least a length of approximately four bytes; GEM-encapsulation frame to frame transmission convergence GPON (GTC), GTC-frame containing the field of management, operation and maintenance of the physical layer (PLOAM), agreed with the word boundary; and transmitting the GTC-frame.

In another embodiment, the invention includes an apparatus comprising at least one component configured to implement a method comprising: encapsulating the data stream into at least one frame encapsulation method (GEM) gigabit passive optical network (GPON) , GEM-frame comprising a header aligned to a word boundary, at least a length of approximately four bytes; GEM-encapsulation frame to frame transmission convergence GPON (GTC), GTC-frame containing the message area on the dynamic bandwidth upstream (DBRu), agreed with the word boundary; and transmitting the GTC-frame.

In another embodiment, the invention includes an apparatus comprising a forming device frame configured to encapsulate the data stream into at least one frame encapsulation method (GEM) gigabit passive optical network (GPON), and encapsulation of the GEM-frame in the first frame Transmission Convergence GPON (GTC), comprising a display area of ​​the upstream bandwidth (US BWmap); and a transmitter configured to transmit the first GTC-frame; wherein the GEM frame comprises a header-matched to a word boundary length of at least about four byte granularity and US BWmap is substantially the same as the word boundary.

In another embodiment, the invention includes a method comprising the steps of: encapsulating the data stream into at least one frame encapsulation method (GEM) gigabit passive optical network (GPON), GEM-frame containing a header, coordinated with word boundary having approximately an integral multiple of four bytes; and encapsulate the GEM-frame to frame transmission convergence GPON (GTC), GTC-frame containing information network monitoring and control with a variety of fields, in combination or separately agreed with the word boundary.

These and other features will become more clearly understood from the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of this invention is now made to the following brief description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts.

1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment PON.

2 is an illustration of an embodiment of a frame GPON transmission convergence downstream.

3 is an illustration of an embodiment of a frame transmission convergence GPON upstream.

4 is an illustration of an embodiment of a frame GPON encapsulation method.

5 is a flowchart of a method of an embodiment of a method for forming frames.

6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a general purpose computer system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

It should be understood initially that although illustrative implementations of one or more embodiments are provided below, the disclosed systems and / or methods may be implemented using any number of methods currently known or in existence. The invention should not in any way limited to the illustrative embodiments, the drawings, and techniques illustrated below, including an exemplary schemes and embodiments illustrated and described herein, but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims along with their full scope equivalents.

Reconfiguration logic-PON system to support higher transmission speeds or a greater number of ONU may include modification of existing protocols, such as GPON-protocol as specified standard ITU-T G.984.3, which is incorporated herein by reference. GPON-level protocol contains the GTC, which specifies the encapsulation of data frames, such as Ethernet frames or other packets. This document discloses a system and method for extending GTC GPON-level protocol for NGA. Expandable level GTC can define a plurality of frames, similar to GTC GPON-level protocol, wherein at least some of the frames can be modified to support a higher bandwidth for NGA. In addition, modified frames may be used to transmit a larger number of data streams to more ONU. Modified frames can contain the GTC-frames downstream and GTC-frames upstream, which may contain information network management and GEM-frames.

To support an increase in transmission rates, the frame length field may be modified consistent with similarly scaled word boundary. For example, if the rate increase is approximately four times, for example up to about ten Gb / s, the frame length field may be modified consistent with approximately four times more word boundary, for example approximately four bytes. Alternatively, the word boundary can be any integer multiple of a length of approximately four bytes. Accordingly, GEM-frames and other information network management can be encapsulated in frames containing the length of the field equal to an integer multiple of about four bytes. As such, data may be encapsulated and deinkapsulirovany using available electronic circuitry with approximately the same capacity or processing speed and without major modifications to any increase in complexity. The increase in the length of the fields may also provide more addresses or identifiers to support more ONU and large data streams. Moreover, at least some of the fields may be modified to eliminate or disable the functionality of an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), which can not be used for the NGA.

1 illustrates one embodiment of a PON 100. PON 100 comprises an OLT 110, a plurality of ONU 120 and ODN 130, which may be coupled to OLT 110 and the ONU 120. PON 100 may be a communication network that does not require any active components to distribute data between the OLT 110 and the ONU 120. Instead, PON 100 may use the passive optical components in the ODN 130 to distribute data between the OLT 110 and the ONU 120. PON 100 may be NGA-systems such as GPON ten gigabits / c (or XGPON ), which may have a downstream bandwidth of about ten Gbps / c and bandwidth upstream of at least 2.5 Gb / c. Other examples of suitable 100 PON PON include asynchronous transfer mode (APON) and the broadband PON (BPON), sets the standard ITU-T G.983, GPON, sets the standard ITU-T G.984, Ethernet-PON (EPON), sets standards IEEE 802.3ah, and PON technologies multiplexed wavelength division (WDM) (WPON), all of which are incorporated herein by reference as if fully reproduced.

In an embodiment, OLT 110 may be any device that is configured to communicate with the ONU 120 and another network (not shown). Namely OLT 110 may act as an intermediary between the other network and the ONU 120. For example, OLT 110 may forward data received from the network in the ONU 120, and forward data received from the ONU 120 to the other network. Although a particular configuration of OLT 110 may vary depending on the type of PON 100, in an embodiment, OLT 110 may comprise a transmitter and a receiver. When another network uses a network protocol, such as Ethernet or synchronous optical network / synchronous digital hierarchy (SONET / SDH), is different from the PON-protocol used in the PON 100, OLT 110 may include a converter that converts the network protocol into the PON-protocol . OLT 110 converter may also convert the PON protocol into the network-protocol. OLT 110 may be typically located at a central location such as a central office, but may also be located in other locations.

In an embodiment, ONU 120 may be any devices that are configured to communicate with the OLT 110 and a customer or user (not shown). Namely ONU 120 may act as an intermediary between the OLT 110 and the customer. For example, ONU 120 may send data received from the OLT 110 to the customer, and forward data received from the client in OLT 110. Although the specific configuration of the ONU 120 may vary depending on the type of PON 100, in the embodiment, ONU 120 may comprise an optical transmitter, configured to transmit optical signals at the OLT 110 and an optical receiver configured to receive optical signals from the OLT 110. Additionally, ONU 120 may comprise a converter that converts the optical signal into electrical signals for the customer, such as signals in the ATM or Ethernet protocol-protocol and a second transmitter and / or receiver that may send and / or receive power from ignaly client device. In some embodiments, the ONU 120 and optical network terminals (ONT) are similar, and thus, these terms are used interchangeably herein. ONU typically can be located in distributed locations, such as the territory of the user, but can also be located in other locations.

In an embodiment, ODN 130 may be a data distribution system that may comprise optical fiber cables, couplers, splitters, distributors, and / or other equipment. In an embodiment, optical fiber cables, couplers, splitters, distributors, and / or other equipment may be passive optical components. Specifically, optical fiber cables, couplers, splitters, distributors, and / or other equipment may be components that do not require any power to distribute data signals between the OLT 110 and the ONU 120. Alternatively, the ODN 130 may comprise one or a large number of equipment processing, such as optical amplifiers. ODN 130 may typically stretched from the OLT 110 to the ONU 120 in a branching configuration as shown in Figure 1, but may alternatively be configured in any other configuration of "point-to-multipoint".

In an embodiment, OLT 110 and the ONU 120 may comprise a data framing, which can be connected with a transmitter and / or receiver. Specifically, the frame forming device can be any device configured for processing data between the OLT 110 and the ONU 120 by encapsulating the data, such as Ethernet, in frames or de-encapsulation of data according to the PON-frame protocol. For example, data framing device can be hardware such as a processor, comprising electronic or logic circuit which can be designed for such a purpose. Alternatively, the framing device can be software or firmware, which can be programmed for this purpose. PON-protocol can be used OLT 110 and ONU 120 for data exchange, for example, GPON-protocol specified standard ITU-T G.984.3. GPON-protocol may contain the level of GTC, which provides a variety of features, including the functionality of the MAC (control medium access) data forming frames channels upstream and downstream, GEM for data framing and alarm status messages by using dynamic bandwidth allocation capacity for upstream data.

In an embodiment, the level of GTC can define a word boundary, which may be a fixed logic block that accepts data in the frames. Device data framing may adjust the length of the data fields of frames on a word boundary to avoid fields of variable length or odd frames, and therefore, the logical blocks of variable length or odd. Logical blocks with a variable length or odd may be undesirable, since they may be more difficult to process, using data frames forming apparatus 110 in the OLT or ONU 120. A word boundary can be selected on the basis of transmission rates, such that the data can be harmonized processed using available electronic circuits with acceptable processing speed or clock frequency. For example, in GPON-systems, word boundary can be set to about one byte (about eight bits), and therefore, the field length may be equal to an integer multiple of approximately one byte.

In order to accommodate higher data rates for NGA, GPON GTC-level protocol can be expanded by increasing the word boundaries based on the increased bandwidth. Specifically, as the data rate increases, the available electronic or logic circuit may require a higher clock frequency for the processing and data framing, which can be impractical. However, when the word boundary is increased, more data for every logical block may be processed such schemes, which can reduce the requirement to the clock frequency. Accordingly, the word boundary can be scaled proportionally increase the capacity to maintain approximately the same requirements for processing speed that can be achieved available electronic circuits. For example, to accommodate a higher data rate for the NGA at about ten Gbps / c, which may be equal to about four times greater than the rate of 2.5 Gbit / c, word boundary approximately one byte can be scaled proportionally to approximately four times . As such, the increased word boundary in the extended GTC level may be equal to four bytes, or about 32 bits. In other embodiments, the increased word boundary may be greater than about four bytes, for example approximately eight bytes. In addition, the frame may be consistent with the increased word boundary by increasing the length of the fields in the frames. Increasing the length of the fields may also be used to accommodate larger values ​​of addresses or identifiers to support more ONU 120, a larger number of data streams and a larger number of ONU 120, and a larger number of data streams.

2 illustrates an embodiment GTC-frame 200 downstream. GTC-frame 200 may comprise a downflow downflow data transmitted from the OLT 110 in any of the ONU 120, for example, on the downstream channel. For example, GTC-frame 200 downstream may be broadcast by OLT 110 and comprise a data payload and information network management. Each ONU 120 may receive the GTC-frame 200 downstream and identify relevant data assigned ONU 120, is used by some addressing information, such as ID ONU (ONU-ID). GTC-frame 200 may comprise a downflow downflow physical control block 210 (PCBd) and a payload 220 of the downstream, which may be GEM-frame, as described below. PCBd 210 may comprise a plurality of fields, such as physical synchronization 211 (PSync), identifying 212 (Ident), downward flow management, operation and maintenance of the physical layer (PLOAM) or PLOAMd 213 parity 214 interleaved bit (BIP), the length of the payload Downstream 215 (Plend) 216 and display bandwidth upstream (US BWmap).

PSync 211 may comprise a fixed pattern that precedes the remaining fields in the PCBd 210. This pattern may be used in the ONU 120, for example, data framing device connected to the receiver to detect the beginning of GTC-frame 200 downstream and establishing synchronization. For example, PSync 211 may include a fixed pattern 0xB6AB31E0, which can not be scrambled. At the level of GTC GPON-length protocol PSync 211 may be equal to about four bytes, which may already be consistent and be equal to about the increased word boundary to support higher bandwidth GPON or NGA, for example, a rate of about ten Gbit / c. Therefore, no changes are needed to PSync 211 in an expanded level of GTC.

Ident 212 may comprise a counter for providing a reference signal synchronous with a lower speed, which can be used to PSync ONU 120 211 for synchronization purposes. For example, similar to PSync 211 length Ident 212 GPON-protocol may be equal to about 32 bits, of which the first bit may be a bit forward error correction (FEC), the second bit may be reserved and the remaining less significant approximately 30 bits can comprise a counter which can be increased for each successive transmitted Ident 212. When the counter reaches a predetermined maximum value, Ident 212 may be reset to zero in the next GTC-frame 200 downstream. Similarly PSync 211, since the length Ident 212 may be consistent and be equal to the increased word boundary, Ident 212 may not change the level of the extended GTC.

PLOAMd 213 may contain a message PLOAM, which can be transmitted from the OLT 110 to the ONU 120 and include emergency OAM-related signals (control, operation and maintenance) or warning about crossing the threshold value, initiated by system events. PLOAMd 213 may comprise a plurality of subfields, e.g. ONU-ID, the message ID (Message-ID), the message data and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). ONU-ID may include an address that may be assigned to one ONU 120 and ONU that can be used 120 for detecting its intended message. Message ID may indicate the type of message PLOAM, and the data may contain a payload message PLOAM. CRC can be used to verify the presence of errors in the received PLOAM message. For example, PLOAM message may be discarded when the CRC fails. To support higher bandwidth GPON or NGA length PLOAMd 213 may change to an integer multiple of approximately four bytes, for example a length of about 16 bytes, thus harmonizing data almost four bytes. In addition, the length of ONU-ID may be equal to about one byte, and thus can be used to identify up to about 256 individual ONU 120. In the extended length at GTC ONU-ID can be increased to about four bytes for data reconciliation with the increased word boundary . Accordingly, extended ONU-ID can be used for identification, mainly over 256 ONU 120. In addition, the format of CRC, e.g. CRC-8 format with generator polynomial (x8 + x2 + x + 1) can be varied to calculate, by at least some of the extra bit extended message PLOAM. Alternatively, it may be used the same format CRC, and therefore the first bit in the PLOAMd 213, which can not be covered CRC format, can not be protected or treated for error detection.

BIP 214 may comprise a parity bit interleave of bytes transferred since the last reception BIP 214. Interleaved Parity bit can also be calculated in the ONU 120, and then compared with the parity bit interleaved BIP 214 for measuring the number of errors in the communication channel. BIP 214 may be equal to almost four bytes, which is coordinated with the increased word boundary in the extended level GTC.

Plend 215 may comprise a plurality of sub-fields, including length-B (Blen) and CRC. Blen may indicate the length of the US BWmap 216, where the actual length of the US BWmap 216 bytes can be equal to approximately eight times greater than the Blen. CRC can be configured substantially similar to CRC PLOAMd 213. In some systems which support ATM-communications, the subfields may further include a subfield A length (Alen), which denotes the length of ATM payload, which may comprise part of GTC-frame 200 downward stream. In order to block or eliminate the ATM-communications functionality in a GPON or NGA, Alen can be eliminated or discarded in an expanded level of GTC. To compensate for the missing bits and matching the length of Alen Plend 215 with increased word boundary length Blen, CRC and any Blen, and CRC fields can be adjusted to obtain a total length of about four bytes for Plend 215. For example, the length of the CRC may be increased, which also improves error detection .

US BWmap 216 may comprise an array of blocks, or subfields, each of which may have a length of approximately eight bytes. Each unit can comprise a single assignment bandwidth to individual transfer container (T-CONT), which may be used to control the assignment of upstream bandwidth in the prior GTC. Specifically, T-CONT may be part of the transportation level in GTC, which may be configured to transmit information from a higher level input to the conclusion, for example from the OLT 110 to each ONU 120. Each of the block may comprise a plurality of subfields, eg destination identifier (Alloc- ID), the flags, the start time (SStart), the stop (SStop) and CRC. Since US BWmap length 216 may be approximately equal to an integer multiple of eight bytes, the total length of the US BWmap 216 may already be consistent with the increased word boundary, and thus can not be changed. Nevertheless granularity US BWmap 216 may vary, for example, up to about four bytes in each block.

3 illustrates an embodiment 300 GTC-frame upstream. GTC-frame 300 may comprise upstream upstream data transmitted from one ONU 120 in OLT 110, including payload data and information to network management, such as the upstream channel. GTC-frame 300 may comprise upstream upward flow 310 of the physical layer signaling (PLOu), the upward flow 316 PLOAM (PLOAMu), a message 318 of the dynamic bandwidth upstream (DBRu) and a payload 320 upstream, which can be GEM- frame, as described below. PLOu 310 may comprise a plurality of fields, such as a preamble 311, a separator 312, BIP 313, ONU-ID 314 and the designation 315 (Ind). GTC-frame upstream of 300 may also include a guard interval 305, which may precede the remaining fields and set boundaries GTC-frame 300 upstream.

The combined PLOu field 310 may indicate which ONU 120 may has sent GTC-frame 300 in the upstream OLT 110. For example, the preamble 311 and the separator 312 may correspond to the ONU 120 may be set as indicated by 110. OLT 313 may comprise a BIP interleaved parity bit, as described above, and the ONU-ID 314 can comprise the designated address corresponding ONU 120. Ind 315 may indicate the state of ONU 120. OLT 110 where GTC-frame 300 may be transmitted upstream in substantially real time. In some instances, BIP 313, ONU-ID 314 and Ind 315 may not be consistent with the increased word boundary in the extended level GTC. Consequently, the length of ONU-ED 314 may be about two bytes, and BIP 313 and Ind 315 can be approximately one byte, thus obtaining an overall length of approximately four bytes of three fields, which may be suitable, for example, transmission speeds of approximately ten gigabits / c. Increasing the length of ONU-ID 314 may also provide more addresses that can be assigned to more ONU 120, e.g., to about 65,536 ONU. In some embodiments, the length of the preamble 311 and the separator 312 may also be consistent or separately with the three remaining fields PLOu 310 with increased word boundary.

Similarly PLOAMd 213 GTC-frame 200 downstream, PLOAMu 316 may comprise a PLOAM message, which may be sent from ONU to OLT 120 PLOAMu 110. Length 316 may be an integral multiple of a length of about four bytes, for example, length of about 16 bytes in the extended at GTC. For example, the length subfield ONU-ID PLOAMu 316 can be increased to about two bytes. In addition, the format CRC subfield, e.g. CRC-8 format with generator polynomial (x8 + x2 + x + 1) can not be changed, which is not covered by the first bit in PLOAMu 316.

DBRu 318 may contain information that relates to a T-CONT. DBRu 318 may include two subfields which may be dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) and CRC. DBA report may indicate buffer occupancy, for example, traffic conditions may comprise T-CONT. In the extended length of the GTC DBRu level can be compared with the granularity US BWmap 216 GTC-frame 200 downstream, for example, at approximately four bytes. As such, the point code table 8-1 in ITU-T G.984.3 may be deleted, replaced or modified.

4 illustrates an embodiment of the GEM-GEM-frame 400. Frame 400 may comprise a downstream data from the OLT 110 to the ONU 120 or the upstream data from the ONU 120 in the OLT 110. For example, GEM-frame 400 may correspond to the payload 220 of the downstream GTC-frame 200 or the downstream payload 320 upstream GTC-frame 300 upstream. GEM-frame 400 may include a header 410 and a payload 420. The header 410 may include an indicator 411 of the payload length (PLI), a port identifier 412 (PortID), indicator 413 payload type (PTI) and correcting errors 414 header (HEC).

PLI 411 may indicate the length of the payload 420 in bytes. PLI 411 may also indicate the beginning of GEM-frame 400. The length PLI 411 may be equal to about 12 bits, which may represent a payload 420 having a length of up to about 4,095 bytes. PortID 412 may also have a length of about 12 bits, which can provide up to about 4,096 unique identifiers of traffic. Traffic identifiers may correspond to a plurality of data streams that can be multiplexed. PTI 413 may indicate the type of content payload 420. The length of the PTI 413 may be approximately equal to three bits. HEC 414 can provide the functions of error detection and correction. For example, the HEC 414 may comprise about 12 bits of the code Bose-Chaudhuri (BCH), for example the code BCH (39, 12, 2) from the generator polynomial x12 + x10 + x8 + x5 + x4 + x3 + 1 and a single parity bit.

In the extended GTC at the total length of the header 410 may be consistent with the increased word boundary. Namely, the header 410 may be an integral multiple of a length of about four bytes, for example a length of approximately eight bytes. Accordingly, the length of the PLI 411, PortID 412, PTI 413, 414 HEC ​​or combinations thereof may be increased. PLI length 411 can be increased to indicate the expanded GEM-frame 400 more bytes and containing information. Length PortID 412 can be increased to provide a greater number of traffic identifiers corresponding to a larger number of multiplexed data streams. PTI length 413 can be increased to indicate a greater quantity of information on the payload 420. The length of the HEC 414 can be increased to expand the BCH-code to compute at least some of the extra bits of the extended header 410, for example, approximately 63 bits of the header 410 leaving the remainder of the parity bit insecure.

The payload 420 may contain payload data transferred between the OLT 110 and the ONU 120. The payload 420 may also expand and be consistent with the increased word boundary. For example, up to about three fill bytes, for example, bytes or zero bytes with zero values ​​may be added to the payload 420 to perform matching word boundary. If the payload 420 has been agreed or is aligned with the increased word boundary, did not need any padding bytes. The length of the payload 420, and padding bytes are denoted using PLI 411 PTI 413, or 411 and PLI and PTI 413, or both.

5 illustrates one embodiment of a method of forming frame 500, which can be used for the encapsulation and de-encapsulation of data such as data in the Ethernet-PON system such as PON 100. Data may be transmitted from the OLT 110 to the ONU 120 or from one of the ONU in the OLT 120 110. The data can correspond to a plurality of ONU 120, a plurality of data streams, a plurality of T-CONT, or combinations thereof. Framing method 500 may be implemented in an expanded GPON GTC-level protocol.

At block 510, method 500 can generate a framing data frames to produce a coherent-GEM frame, for example, using data framing device connected to the transmitter 110 in the OLT or the ONU 120. As such, data can be encapsulated with other information in the format GEM- a frame-like GEM frame 400. Other information may comprise the data length in bytes of traffic identifiers of data streams, the data type, other information associated with the data, or a combination thereof. GEM-frame may then be consistent with the word boundary based on the bandwidth of the downstream system, which can be approximately ten gigabits / sec. For example, data may be generated in frames in a payload portion of an agreed-GEM frame, such as payload 420, and the remaining information may be formed in the frames in the header portion of an agreed-GEM frame, such as the header 410.

In block 520, the method 500 may generate framing shots a coherent GEM-frame for coherent GEM-frame. Accordingly Matched-GEM frame may be encapsulated with other information in the format of GTC-frame, such as GTC-frame 200 or the downstream-GTC frame 300 upstream. Other information may include message PLOAM, ONU-ID, assignment bandwidth for T-CONT, the other information associated with the T-CONT, or combinations thereof. GTC-frame may then be coordinated with a word boundary, which can be equal to about four bytes. For example, the agreed GEM-frame may be formed in the frames in the payload portion GTC-frame, such as payload 220 of the downstream or payload 320 upstream, and the remaining information may be generated in frames in the coherent part of the header GTC-frame, such PCBd 210 or PLOu 310.

At block 530, method 500 can transmit framing coherent GTC-frame between the OLT 110 and the ONU 120 through at least some components of PON-system. For example, the agreed GTC-frame can be transmitted by ODN 130 in a transparent manner without any knowledge of its data content. In block 540, the method 500 may process framing coherent GTC-frame to produce a coherent GEM frame-reverse process block 520, for example using data framing device coupled with the receiver at the OLT 110 or ONU 120. In block 550, the method 500 may framing process agreed GEM-frame to get the data back way from the block 510.

The network components described above may be implemented in any general-purpose network component, such as a computer or network component with sufficient processing power, memory resources and capabilities of network bandwidth to handle the necessary workload placed therein. 6 illustrates a typical network component 600 general purpose suitable for implementing one or more embodiments of the components disclosed herein. The network component 600 includes a processor 602 (which may be referred to as a CPU, or CPU), which is in communication with memory devices including secondary storage 604, read only memory 606 (ROM), random access memory 608 (RAM), devices 610 input / output (I / O) devices 612, and network connectivity. Processor 602 may be implemented as one or more CPU chips, or may be part of one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASIC).

The secondary memory 604 typically consists of one or more disk drives or tape drives and is used for non-volatile storage of data and how the data storage device overflow if RAM 608 is not large enough to hold all working data. The secondary memory 604 may be used to store programs that are loaded into RAM 608 when such programs are selected for execution. ROM 606 is used to store instructions and perhaps data which are read during program execution. ROM 606 is a nonvolatile memory device that typically has a small memory capacity relative to the greater memory capacity of secondary storage 604. RAM 608 is used to store temporary data and perhaps to store instructions. Access to both ROM 606 and RAM 608 is typically faster than the secondary memory 604.

Discloses at least one embodiment and variations, combinations and / or modifications to the embodiment (s) of the and / or signs of the embodiment (s) thereof, formed by one skilled in the art, which are within the scope of the invention. Alternative embodiments, which are derived from combining the inclusion and / or crossing signs embodiment (s) of the are also within the scope of the invention. Where numerical range or limit explicitly described similar clearly defined regions or limitations should be understood to include repeating regions or restrictions similar magnitude falling within the expressly stated region or limitations (e.g., from about 1 to about 10 includes two, 3, 4, etc .; more than 0.10 includes 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, etc.). For example, whenever the disclosed numerical range with a lower limit Rl, and an upper limit Ru, any number falling in the region, specifically disclosed. In particular, the following numbers in the specifically disclosed: R = Rl + k * (Ru-Rl), wherein k is a variable ranging from 1 percent to 100 percent with a 1 percent increment, i.e. k is 1 percent, 2 percent, 3 percent, 4 percent, 5 percent ... 50 percent, 51 percent, 52 percent ... 95 percent, 96 percent, 97 percent, 98 percent, 99 percent or 100 percent. Moreover, any numerical range defined by two numbers, R, as defined above, is also specifically disclosed. Use of the term "addition" in respect of any claim element means that the element is required, or alternatively, the element is not required, both alternatives falling within the scope of the claims. Use of broader terms such as "comprises", "includes" and "having" should be understood to provide support for narrower terms such as "consisting of", "consisting primarily of" and "essentially comprising". Accordingly, the scope of protection is not limited by the description set out above but defined by the claims that follow, this volume includes all equivalents of the subject claims. All the claims are without exception is included as additional disclosure of the invention in the specification and claims it is the one (s) of the disclosure of the present invention. Consideration links Disclosure of the Invention is not an admission that it is prior art, especially any reference that has a publication date after the priority date of this application. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION All patents, patent applications and publications cited in this invention are hereby incorporated by reference, to the extent that they provide exemplary, procedural or other details supplementary to the disclosure of the invention.

Along with the fact that several embodiments provided in the present disclosure of the invention, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods may be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure of the invention. These examples should be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the intention is not restricted to the details set forth in this document. For example, the various elements or components may be combined or integrated in another system or certain features may be omitted, or not implemented.

Also, methods, systems, subsystems and methods described and illustrated in the various embodiments as discrete or separate may be combined or integrated with other systems, modules, techniques, or methods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure of the invention. Other items shown or discussed as linked, either directly connected or interact with each other, may be indirectly related or is the interaction through any interface, the device or intermediate component, whether electrically, mechanically, or any other way. Other examples of substitutions, changes and substitutions are set by those skilled in the art and may be made without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein.