Flexible media access control (mac) for ad hoc deployed wireless networks

A priority claim under section 35 USC §119.

This application claims the benefits of US Provisional Application № 60/730 631, entitled «WEIGHTED FAIR SHARING OF A WIRELESS CHANNEL USING RESOURCE UNILIZATION MASKS», filed October 26, 2005, and US Provisional Application № 60/730 727, entitled «INTERFERENCE MANAGEMENT USING RESOURCE UTILIZATION MASKS SENT AT CONSTANT POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY (PSD) », filed October 26, 2005, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the art to which the invention pertains

The following description relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to reducing interference and improving throughput and channel quality in a wireless environment.

2.Uroven technology

Wireless communication systems have become a prevalent means by which most people communicate around the world. Wireless communication devices have become smaller and more powerful in order to meet consumer demands and to improve portability and convenience. Increased processing power in mobile devices such as cellular telephones has lead to an increase in demand for wireless network transmission systems. Such systems typically are not as easily updated as the cellular devices that communicate on them. As mobile device capabilities expand, it can be difficult to maintain an older wireless communication system in a manner that facilitates fully exploiting new and improved wireless device capabilities.

A typical wireless communication network (e.g., employing frequency, time, and code division techniques) includes one or more base stations that provide a coverage area and one or more mobile (e.g., wireless) terminals that can transmit and receive data within the coverage area. A typical base station can simultaneously transmit multiple data streams for broadcast, multicast and / or unicast services, wherein a data stream is a stream of data that can be of independent reception interest to a mobile terminal. A mobile terminal within the coverage area of ​​that base station can be interested in receiving one, more than one or all the data streams carried by the composite stream. Likewise, a mobile terminal can transmit data to the base station or another mobile terminal. Such communication between base station and mobile terminal or between mobile terminals can be degraded due to channel variations and / or interference power variations. Consequently, a need exists in the art for systems and / or methodologies that facilitate reducing interference and improving throughput in a wireless communication environment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is not intended to identify key or critical elements of all aspects does not describe the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

According to various aspects considered innovation relates to systems and / or methods, which provide a common technology for global and local wireless networks to contribute to the benefits associated with both cellular technology, and with the technology Wi-Fi (the standard for wireless communications) at the same time reducing the drawbacks associated with them. For example, cellular networks may be arranged according to a planned deployment, which can increase efficiency when designing or building a network, while Wi-Fi networks are typically deployed over episodic conventional manner. Wi-Fi networks can further contribute to the symmetrical channel medium access control (MAC) for access points and access terminals, as well as support for return shipping with intracavitary wireless features that are not provided by cellular systems.

Common techniques described herein, contribute to the achievement of support symmetric MAC and return shipping with intracavitary wireless capabilities. In addition, the subject innovation facilitates network deployment in a flexible manner. The methods described herein allow the performance to adapt according to the deployment, thus providing good efficiency if the deployment is planned or poluplaniruetsya and ensuring adequate reliability when the network is planned. Those. Various aspects described herein allow network deployed using a planned deployment (e.g., as in a cellular deployment scenario), episodic deployment (e.g., one which can be used for deployment Wi-Fi), or a combination thereof. Moreover, other aspects relate to supporting nodes with variable transmission power levels and achieving inter-cell equality in the distribution of resources, these aspects are not adequately supported by Wi-Fi systems or cellular systems.

For example, according to some aspects weighted equitable sharing of a wireless channel can facilitate joint scheduling transmission by both a transmitter and a receiver using a resource utilization message (NRI), whereby a transmitter requests a set of resources based on knowledge of availability in its environment, and the receiver provides a subset of the requested channels based on knowledge of availability in its neighborhood. The transmitter learns of availability based on listening to receivers close to himself, and the receiver learns of potential interference by listening to transmitters near you. According to related aspects NRI may be weighted to indicate not only that a node is unfavorable (as a receiver of data transmission due to noise, which he observes when receiving) mode and requires transmission collision avoidance, but also the degree to which the node is unfavorable. SIR receiving node may use the fact that he took the NRI, as well as its weight to determine the appropriate response. As an example, such an announcement weighting coefficient allows you to prevent conflicts equitable way. The invention describes a methodology.

According to other aspects can be applied deviation threshold SIR (PIC) to assist in determining whether to answer to the received SIR. For example, the metric can be calculated using various parameters and / or data consisting of the received SIR, and the metric may be compared with the PIC to determine whether guarantees NRI response sending node. According to related aspects NRI sending node may indicate its degree of adverse by specifying the number of channels for which the NRI is used, so that the number of channels (typically these may be resources subcarrier frequency and / or time slots) indicates a degree of poor. If the degree of adverse reduced in response to the SIR, then the number of channels for which is sent to SIR can be reduced for subsequent transmission SIR. If the degree is not adversely reduced, then the number of channels for which a NRI can be increased for subsequent transmission SIR.

IDAs can be sent at a constant power spectral density (PSD), and the receiving node may use the received spectral power density and / or the received power of the SIR to assess the gain of the radio frequency (RF) channel between it and the sending SIR unit to determine whether it will interfere at the sending node (e.g., above a predetermined acceptable threshold level) if it transmits. Thus, there may be situations when the receiving node can decode NRI NRI NRI from the sending node, but determines that it will not cause interference. When the receiving SIR node determines that it must submit to the NRI, he can perform by selecting the non-use of this resource in whole or in use by selecting a substantially reduced transmission power to bring its estimated potential level of interference below a predetermined acceptable threshold level. Thus, as a "hard" to prevent interference (complete rejection of the use) and "soft" to prevent interference (power management) are supported in a unified manner. According to related aspects IDAs can be used by the receiving node to determine the channel gain between the receiving unit and the sending unit NRI to facilitate the identification, transfer, or not, based on the estimated interference caused to the sending node.

According to one aspect of the wireless communication method may comprise generating a resource utilization message (SIR) at a first node, said SIR indicates that the first predetermined threshold has been satisfied or exceeded, weighing NRI with a value that indicates the degree to which a second predetermined threshold has been is satisfied or exceeded, and transmitting the weighted NRI one or more second nodes.

Another aspect relates to an apparatus that facilitates wireless communication, comprising generating unit which generates resource utilization message (SIR) at a first node, said SIR indicates that the first predetermined threshold has been satisfied or exceeded; weighting module which weights the SIR to a value that indicates the degree to which a second predetermined threshold has been satisfied or exceeded; and a transmitting unit which sends the weighted NRI one or more second nodes.

Another aspect relates to an apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: means for generating a resource utilization message (SIR) at a first node, said SIR indicates that the first predetermined threshold has been satisfied or exceeded; means for weighting the NRI with a value that indicates the degree to which a second predetermined threshold has been satisfied or exceeded; and means for transmitting the weighted NRI one or more second nodes.

Yet another aspect relates to a machine readable medium comprising instructions for wireless communication, the instructions cause the performance of the machine: generate a resource use (SIR) on the first node, said SIR indicates that the first predetermined threshold has been satisfied or exceeded; NRI weigh the value that indicates the degree to which a second predetermined threshold has been satisfied or exceeded; and sending the weighted NRI one or more second nodes.

Another aspect relates to a processor that facilitates wireless communication, wherein the processor is configured to: generate a resource utilization message (SIR) at a first node, said SIR indicates that the first predetermined threshold has been satisfied or exceeded; NRI weigh the value that indicates the degree to which a second predetermined threshold has been satisfied or exceeded; and sending the weighted NRI one or more second nodes.

To accomplish the above and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the one or more aspects. These aspects, however, of but a few of the many ways of how the principles of various aspects may be employed and, as expected, the described aspects to include all such aspects and their equivalents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

1 illustrates a wireless communication system with multiple base stations and multiple terminals, such as those that may be used in conjunction with one or more aspects.

2 is an illustration of a methodology for performing a weighted equitable sharing of a wireless channel using the mask / resource utilization message (NRI), according to one or more aspects described herein.

3 illustrates a sequence of request-grant events that can facilitate resource allocation, in accordance with one or more aspects described herein.

4 is an illustration of several topologies that facilitate understanding of request-grant scheme, according to various aspects.

5 illustrates a methodology for managing interference by employing resource utilization message (NRI), which is transmitted at a constant power spectral density (PSD) according to one or more aspects presented herein.

6 is an illustration of a methodology for generating ThSIR (NRI transmission) and requests to promote a flexible medium access control (MAC) in the wireless network sporadically deployed according to one or more aspects.

7 is an illustration of a methodology for the generation of a request for transmission in accordance with one or more aspects.

8 is an illustration of a methodology to achieve equality among the contending nodes by adjusting the number of subcarriers used for transmission in accordance with the SIR level adversely affecting a given node, according to one or more aspects.

9 is a graphic RxSIR transmission (reception SIR) between two nodes at a constant power spectral density (STI) according to one or more aspects.

10 is an illustration of a methodology for using a constant PSD for transmitting the NRI to facilitate the assessment of the amount of interference that will be called by the first node to the second node, according to one or more aspects.

11 illustrates a methodology to respond to control packets in the interference environment of the planned and / or an ad hoc wireless communication in accordance with various aspects.

12 is an illustration of a methodology for generating RxSIR accordance with various aspects described above.

13 is an illustration of a methodology for response to one or more received RxSIR according to one or more aspects.

14 is an illustration of a wireless network environment that can be employed in conjunction with the various systems and methods described herein.

15 is an illustration of an apparatus that facilitates wireless data communication, in accordance with various aspects.

16 is an illustration of an apparatus that facilitates wireless communication using resource utilization message (NRI), according to one or more aspects.

17 is an illustration of an apparatus that facilitates generating a resource utilization message (SIR) and SIR weighted to indicate the degree of adverse accordance with various aspects.

18 is an illustration of an apparatus that facilitates comparing relative conditions at nodes in a wireless communication environment to determine which nodes are most disadvantaged, in accordance with one or more aspects.

Detailed description

Various aspects are now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details set forth to provide a thorough understanding of one or more aspects. It may be evident, that such aspect (dimensions) may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing one or more aspects.

As used herein, the terms "component," "system," and the like are supposed to refer to relative to the computer objects, any of the hardware, software, software in execution, firmware, software, middleware , microcode, and / or any combination thereof. For example, a component may be, but not limited to, a process running on a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and / or a computer. One or more components can reside within a process and / or thread of execution and a component may be local to a single computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. Also, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components may communicate by means of local and / or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and / or across a network such as the Internet with other systems via the signal). Additionally, components of systems described herein may be rearranged and / or complemented by additional components in order to facilitate achieving the various aspects, goals, advantages, etc., described with regard to them, and not limited to the precise configurations set forth in a given figure that is understandable to those skilled in the art.

Furthermore, various aspects are described herein in connection with a subscriber station. A subscriber station can also be called a system, subscriber unit, mobile station, mobile, remote station, remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, user agent, user device, or user equipment. A subscriber station may be a cellular telephone, a cordless telephone, a protocol creating a session (MSS), a wireless local loop (BAA), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device having wireless connection capability, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem .

Moreover, various aspects or features described herein may be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and / or engineering techniques. The term "article of manufacture" as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or vehicle. For example, computer readable media can include but are not limited to magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips ...), optical disks (e.g., compact disc, digital versatile disc (MCD) ...) smart cards, and flash memory devices (eg, card, stripe, key drive ...). Additionally, various storage media described herein can represent one or more devices and / or other machine readable mediums for storing information. The term "machine readable medium" can include, without limitation, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and / or carrying instruction (s) and / or data. It is understood that the word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect or design described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs.

It is understood that a "node" as used herein may be an access terminal or access point and each node may be a receiving node and a transmitting node. For example, each node may comprise at least one receive antenna and associated channel n riemnika and at least one transmit antenna and associated transmit channel. In addition, each node may comprise one or more processors to execute software code for performing any or all of the methods and / or protocols described herein, as well as a memory for storing data and / or computer-executable instructions associated with the various methods and / or protocols described herein.

As shown in Figure 1, communication system 100 is a wireless network is depicted in accordance with various aspects presented herein. System 100 may comprise multiple nodes such as one or more base stations 102 (e.g., cellular, Wi-Fi or episodic, ...) in one or more sectors that receive, transmit, repeat, etc. wireless communication signals to each other and / or one or more other nodes such as access terminal 104. Each base station 102 can comprise a transmitter chain and a receiver chain, each of which can in turn comprise a plurality of components associated with signal transmission and reception (e.g., processors, modulators, multiplexers, demodulators, demultiplexers, antennas, etc. ), it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. The access terminal 104, for example, be cellular telephones, smart phones, laptops, handheld communication devices, handheld computing devices, satellite radios, global positioning system, a PDA and / or any other suitable device for communicating over a wireless network.

The following description is provided to facilitate understanding of the various systems and / or methodologies described herein. According to various aspects of the weights can be assigned to nodes (e.g., sending and / or receiving nodes), wherein each weighting coefficient is a function of the node number of flows supported by the node. "Feed", as used herein, represents a transmission unit included in or exiting the node. Total weight unit can be determined by summing the weight factors of all flows passing through the unit. For example, streams with a constant bit rate (CBR) can have predetermined weights, the data streams may have weights proportional to their type (e.g., hypertext transfer protocol (PPGT), file transfer protocol (PPF), ...), and so on. d. In addition, each node may be assigned a predetermined static weight that may be added to stream weighting factor of each node to provide extra priority to each node. The weighting factor unit can also be dynamic and reflect the current state of the flows that a node carries. For example, the weight can correspond to the worst bandwidth stream transferred (received) on this site. In essence, the weighting factor is the degree unfavorable, that unit tests and use in the performance of equitable access to the channel among a group of interfering nodes contending for a common resource.

A request message and a provisioning message transmission may be power controlled; however node, however, may experience excessive interference that causes its signal-level to interference and noise ratio (SINR) to be invalid. To reduce the influence of undesirably low SINR, can be used resource utilization message (NRI), which can be receiver-side (RxSIR) and / or transmitter-side (ThSIR). RxSIR manner may be transmitted broadcast receiver when interference levels on the receiver's desired channels exceed a predetermined threshold level. RxSIR may contain a list of granted channels through which receiver requires reduced interference, as well as information regarding the weighting coefficient node. Furthermore, RxSIR can be transmitted at a constant power spectral density (PSD) or constant power. Nodes that are decoded RxSIR (e.g., transmitters contending with the receiver emitting RxSIR, ...) may respond to RxSIR. For example, the nodes that are listening RxSIR may calculate their respective channel gains from the receiver (for example, by measuring the received SPM and with the knowledge of constant PSD, in which was sent RxSIR), and may reduce their respective transmit power levels to mitigate the interference. Recipients RxSIR may even choose not to use a fully specified channels RxSIR. To ensure that interference avoidance happens peer manner, i.e. to ensure that all nodes receive an equal share of transmission opportunities, the weights may be included in RxSIR. The weighting factor of the unit can be used to calculate an equal share of resources for allocation node. According to an example thresholds used to send and / or respond to the NRI may be determined based on the behavior of the system. For example, a simple type of conflict prevention can be sent to SIR for each transmission, and any node listens NRI may respond by miscommunication on the associated channel.

If the mask channel bit set which channel is used NRI included in the NRI can then be implemented additional dimension of conflict prevention, which can be useful when the receiver is necessary to plan a small amount of data on the part of the channel, and he does not want to transmitter fulfilled a complete rejection of the use of the entire channel. This aspect may provide finer granularity in the mechanism for conflict prevention, which can be important for bursty traffic.

ThSIR way may broadcast transmitter when the transmitter can not request the appropriate resources (for example, when the transmitter hears one or more RxSIR that make it run-out of most channels). ThSIR may broadcast a way before the actual transfer of neighboring receivers to inform about upcoming interference. ThSIR may inform all receivers within listening range that, based on RxSIR that heard the transmitter, the transmitter considers that it has a legitimate claim for the most bandwidth. ThSIR can carry weight information transmitting unit, which can be used by neighboring nodes to calculate their respective share resources. Furthermore, ThSIR may be sent with transmit power or PSD, which is proportional to the power level at which data is transferred. It is clear that ThSIR not be transmitted by a constant (eg, high) SPM, as only potentially affect sites require awareness on the state of the transmitter.

RxSIR carries information regarding the weighting factor, which is designed to transfer all the transmitters within range "listening" (for example, whether they send data to the receiver or not), the degree to which the receiver needs bandwidth due to interference from other transmissions. The weighting factor may be the degree of adverse and can be greater when the receiver was poorer, and downward when it was less unfavorable. As an example, if throughput is used to measure the degree of adverse, then one possible relationship may be represented as:

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Rtarget where bandwidth is required, Ractual is the actual achievable throughput, and Q (x) is the quantized value of x. When there is a separate thread in the receiver, then Rtarget may be the minimum required bandwidth for this stream, and can be Ractual average throughput that has been achieved for that stream. Note that the weights with great value, representing the greater degree of adverse, are a matter of agreement. Similarly, an arrangement where the weighting coefficients with large values ​​represent less degree of adverse may be used until it is appropriately modified logic resolution weighting coefficient. For example, one can use the ratio of actual throughput to target throughput (back to the example shown above) to calculate the weight coefficients.

When there is a plurality of streams at the receiver with potentially different values ​​Rtarget, then the receiver may choose to install a weighting factor based on a stream with the most unfavorable. For example:

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where j is the flow index at the receiver. Also other embodiments can be performed, such as the dependence of the weighting factor of the amount of bandwidth flows. Note that the functional forms used for the weighting factors in the above description are purely for illustration. The weighting factor may be calculated with numerous different ways and using different metrics, rather than bandwidth. According to related aspects, the receiver can determine whether it has data waiting for processing by the sender (e.g., transmitter). That's right, if it has received the request and he took a previous request, which it has not been issued to provide. In this case, the receiver can send RxSIR when Ractual below Rtarget.

ThSIR can carry a single bit of information transmitted is present or not. The transmitter can be installed ThSIR bit by performing a predetermined sequence. For example, the transmitter can collect RxSIR that he had recently heard, including RxSIR from its own receiver if the receiver had sent him. If the transmitter has not taken any RxSIR, it can send a request to its receiver without sending ThSIR. If only RxSIR from its own receiver, then the transmitter can send a request and ThSIR.

Alternatively, if the transmitter RxSIR received, including one from its own receiver, the transmitter can sort RxSIR, based on the weight coefficients RxSIR. If own transmitter receiver has the highest weight, then the transmitter can send a request and ThSIR. However, if its own transmitter receiver does not have the highest weight, then the transmitter is not necessary to send the request or ThSIR. If own transmitter receiver is one of several RxSIR, all with the highest weighting, then the transmitter sends and requests ThSIR probability is determined by: 1 / (all RxSIR with the greatest weighting factor). According to another aspect, if the receiver has received RxSIR that do not include RxSIR from its own receiver, then the transmitter can not send the request. Note that all RxSIR processing sequence described above can be applied even in the case without ThSIR. In this case, the transmitter applies the logic unit to determine whether to send a request to a receiver or not, and if so, for what channels.

Based on the requests and / or ThSIR that the receiver can hear, the receiver may take a decision on granting of this request. If the transmitter has not made the request, the receiver is not necessary to send the provision. If the receiver ThSIR heard, but none of them from the transmitter, which it serves, while providing the receiver does not send. If the receiver hears ThSIR only transmitters that it serves, then he may decide to carry out the provision. If the successor ThSIR heard from its own transmitter, as well as from the transmitter, which it does not serve, then there are two possible results. For example, if the moving average rate of at least Rtarget, then the receiver does not provide outputs (for example, it makes its transmitter remains inactive). Otherwise, the receiver outputs providing the probability defined as 1.0 / (amount ever heard ThSIR). If the given transmitter providing the transmitter transmits a data frame that can be received by the receiver. Upon successful transmission the transmitter and the receiver updating the average bit rate for the connection.

According to other aspects of the plan of action may be programmed to implement the same level of service (DMS) or other schemes for managing equity and quality of service among multiple transmitters and / or flow to the receiver. The scheduler uses his knowledge transmission rates adopted its partner sites to decide which nodes to plan. However, the scheduler can follow the rules of interference imposed an access channel to the environment in which it operates. Specifically, the scheduler can submit SIR that he hears from his neighbors. For example, the forward link scheduler at the access point (AP) may send requests to all access terminals (AT) for which it has traffic as long as it will not be blocked by RxSIR. AP may receive from the back of one or more of these APs. TD can not send the provision if it is displaced rival ThSIR. Then AP may schedule the AT, which has the highest priority, according to the scheduling algorithm and can transmit.

On the reverse link, each AP that has traffic to send, it may request the AP. AP will not send a request, if it is blocked by RxSIR. AP intends AP that has the highest priority, according to a scheduling algorithm at the same time following any ThSIR which it heard in the previous timeslot. AP then sends the submission to the AP. Upon receipt of the AP transmits.

2 is an illustration of a methodology 200 for performing a weighted equitable sharing of a wireless channel using the mask / resource utilization message (NRI), according to one or more aspects described herein. In step 202, determination may be made regarding the number of channels on which the node (e.g., access point, access terminal, etc.) would prefer to transfer. Such determination may be based, for example, on the need associated with a given quantity of data to be transmitted, the interference experienced at the node, or any other suitable parameter (e.g., latency, data rate, spectral efficiency, etc.). In step 204 may be selected one or more channels to achieve the required number of channels. Channel selection can be performed with a preference for available channels. For example, channels that are known to have been available in the preceding transmission period may be selected with advantage in comparison to the channels that were occupied in the preceding transmission period. In step 206, a request may be transmitted to the selected channel (s). The request may comprise a bitmask of preferred channels over which the transmitter (e.g., a transmitting node, ...) requires to transmit data and may be sent from the transmitter to the receiver (e.g., the receiving node, cell phone, smart phone, wireless device, access point, ... ). The request may be a request for a first plurality of channels which have not been blocked in the most recent time slot, a request for a second plurality of channels if the first set of channels is not enough for the data transmission, etc. The request message sent at 206 may additionally be controlled by the power to guarantee the desired level of reliability at the receiver.

In other aspects, determining the number of channels required for a given transmission may be a function of the weight associated with the node, a function of weights associated with other nodes requesting channels, a function of the number of channels available for transmission, or any combination of the preceding factors. For example, the weighting factor may be a function of number of flows through the node, the level of interference experienced at the node, etc. According to another characteristic of the channel selection of channel division may comprise one or more sets, and may be based in part on the received resource utilization message (SIR), which indicates that one or more channels in the channel set are unavailable. IDAs can be assessed to determine whether the channel is available (for example, identified by IDAs). For example, the determination may be made that the channel is available if it is not listed in the NRI. Another example is that the channel is considered to be available, even when it was taken SIR for the channel, but the declared weight for this channel was lower than the weight declared in NRI sent by the receiver node.

3 illustrates a sequence of request-grant events that can facilitate resource allocation, in accordance with one or more aspects described herein. The sequence of events described by the first 302, containing a request that is sent from the transmitter to the receiver. When receiving the request, the receiver can send a message of the transmitter, which provides all or a subset of the channels requested by the transmitter. The transmitter may then transmit the data for some or all of the channels provided.

According to related aspects sequence of events 304 can comprise a request that is sent from the transmitter to the receiver. The request may include a list of channels over which the transmitter would like to transmit data to the receiver. The receiver can then send a message of the transmitter, which indicates all or a subset of the required channels have been provided. The transmitter may then transmit a pilot message to the receiver, upon receipt of which the receiver may transmit rate information back to the transmitter, to facilitate mitigating the undesirably low SINR. When receiving the data rate, the transmitter may continue transmitting data on the granted channel and said transmission rate.

According to related aspects ThSIR may broadcast transmitter manner, when the transmitter can not request the appropriate resources (e.g., when the transmitter hears one or more RxSIR which occupy most of the available transmitter). Such ThSIR can carry weight information transmitter unit which can be used by neighboring nodes to calculate their respective shares of resources. Furthermore, ThSIR may be sent to the SPM proportional to the power level with which data is transferred. It is clear that ThSIR not be transmitted by a constant (eg, high) SPM, as only potentially affect sites require awareness on the state of the transmitter.

The sequence of events 302 and 304 may be performed taking into account a number of constraints that may be enforced during a communication event. For example, the transmitter may request any channel (s) which are not blocked by RxSIR in the previous timeslot. Requested channels may be prioritized with a preference for a successful channel in the last transmission cycle. If there are not enough channels, the transmitter may request additional channels to get him an equal share by sending ThSIR to declare competition for the additional channels. Equitable share of channels can then be determined according to the number and weighted rival neighbors (eg, nodes), taking into account RxSIR that have been heard.

Grant from the receiver may be a subset of the channels listed in the request. The receiver can be given powers to exclude channels exhibiting high interference levels during the most recent transmission. If given enough channels, the receiver may add channels (for example, equal to a fraction of the transmitter) by sending one or more RxSIR. Equitable share of transmitter channels may be determined, for example, by evaluating the number and weights of neighboring nodes coefficients, taking into account ThSIR that are heard (e.g., received).

When transmitting, the transmitter may transmit data on all or a subset of channels granted in the grant message. The transmitter may reduce transmission power on some or all channels while listening RxSIR. If the transmitter hears multiple RxSIR and providing on one and the same channel, the transmitter may transmit with reciprocal probability. For example, if one is to provide and three RxSIR heard for a single channel, then the transmitter may transmit with a probability of 1/3, etc. (e.g., the probability that the transmitter will employ the channel is equal to 1/3).

In other aspects, excess bandwidth may be allocated in accordance with the scheme of sharing, which is released from the aforementioned limitations. For example, based on the weight coefficients planning, as described above, may contribute to the weighted equitable sharing of resources. However, in a case where excess bandwidth is present, allocation of resources (e.g., above the minimum equal portion) should not be limited. For example, it may be considered a scenario where two nodes with full buffers each have weights of 100 (e.g., corresponding to flow rates of 100 kbit / s) and share the channel. In this situation, the nodes can share the channel equally. If they experience varying channel qualities, each of the two nodes may be granted, for example, 300 kbit / s. However, it may be desirable to provide only 200 kbit / s node 1, to increase the share of the node 2 to 500 kbit / s. Those. in such situations, it may be desirable to share any excess bandwidth in some unequal manner to achieve greater sector throughput. Weighing mechanism can be extended in a simple manner to facilitate the unequal sharing. For example, in addition to the weighting factor, each node may also have an idea of ​​its assigned transmission rate, and this information can be associated with the service, the AT-selling. A node may continually update its average transfer rate (over a suitable interval), and can send the NRI when its average bandwidth below the assigned transmission rate to ensure that the nodes will not compete for the excess resources over their assigned transmission rate, which may then be divided by other circuits sharing.

4 is an illustration of several topologies that facilitate understanding of request-grant scheme, according to various aspects. The first topology 402 has three lines (A-B, C-D, EF) in the immediate vicinity where each node can hear AF NRI from each other node. The second topology 404 has three links in a chain line, and the middle link (CD) interferes with both outer links (A-B and EF), while the outer links do not interfere with each other. NRI may be modeled according to this example, so that the range is NRI two nodes. A third topology 406 comprises three link on the right side (CD, EF and GH), which interfere with each other and can hear each other's SIR. Private communication line (A-B) on the left side only interferes with communication lines (CD).

According to various examples for the topologies described above, the performance of the three systems are described below. In the scenario "complete information" is supposed to availability RxSIR with a bitmask and weights, as well as ThSIR with a bitmask and weights. In the scenario "partial information" implies RxSIR with a bitmask and weights and ThSIR with weights, but without the bit masks. Finally, in the script, "Only RxSIR" ThSIR not be sent.

<img file="00000003.tif" he="74" wi="152" img-format="tif" img-content="undefined" />

As can be seen from the table, offer partial information can reach an equitable share of the weight coefficients with a small delay in the convergence. The numbers represent the number of cycles of convergence, convergence circuits which occupy a stable division of the available channels. Subsequently, the nodes can continue to use these same channels.

5 is an illustration of a methodology 500 for managing interference through the use of resource utilization message (NRI), which is transmitted at a constant power spectral density (PSD) according to one or more aspects presented herein. A request message and a provisioning message transmission can be performed with power controlled: however, a node may nonetheless experience excessive interference that causes its signal-level to interference and noise ratio (SINR) to be invalid. To weaken the effect of undesirably low SINR, can be used by NRI, which may be on the side of the receiver SIR (RxSIR) and / or on the side of the transmitter (ThSIR). RxSIR manner may broadcast receiver when interference levels on the receiver's desired channels exceed a predetermined threshold level. RxSIR may contain a list of channels over which the receiver wants to reduce interference, as well as weight information node. Furthermore, RxSIR can be transmitted at a constant power spectral density (PSD). Nodes that "hear" RxSIR (e.g., transmitters contending with the receiver emitting RxSIR) can respond to the termination of its transmission RxSIR or decrease transmit power.

For example, with occasional deployment of wireless nodes at certain sites may be undesirably low carrier to interference (SNPs), which may be an obstacle for a successful transfer. It is understood that interference levels are used to calculate the ED may contain noise, so that SNPs may similarly be expressed as OH (n + m), where W denotes noise. In such cases, the receiver can control the interference by request to other nodes near or below their respective transmit power or perform a complete rejection of the use of these channels. At step 502, channel designation may be generated (e.g., a multichannel system) that test SNPs that below a first predetermined threshold. On the threshold of 504 can transmit a message, the message contains information indicating which channels are experiencing inappropriate SNPs. For example, a first node (e.g., the receiver) may broadcast manner NRI with a bitmask that contains information indicating channels with SNPs that are undesirably low. NRI may further be sent with a constant PSD, which is known to all nodes in the network. Thus, nodes with varying power levels can transmit a broadcast manner with the same PSD.

Message (e.g., SIR) may be received by other nodes in step 506. When the reception SIR of the second node (e.g., transmitter) may use SPM associated with the NRI for calculating a radio frequency (RF) distance (e.g., channel gain) between it and the first node in step 508. The node for this reaction NRI may vary in accordance with the RF distance. For example, a comparison of the RF-range with a second predetermined threshold may be performed at step 510. If the RF distance below the second predetermined threshold (e.g., the first node and the second node are located close to each other), then the second node may stop any further transmissions by channels specified in the NRI, to mitigate interference, at step 512. Alternatively, if the second node and the first node are far enough apart (e.g., RF spacing is equal to or greater than a second predetermined threshold when compared at step 510 ), then the second node can use information about the RF distance to predict the amount of interference to be called on the first node and that can be attributed to the second node when the second node is going to continue to transmit the channels specified in the SIR, in step 514. In step 516, the predicted interference level may be compared with the third predetermined threshold level.

For example, the third predetermined threshold can be a fixed part of the target level of interference over thermal noise (PNTSH), which represents the ratio of noise power of interference to thermal noise power measured by the total bandwidth (e.g., about 25% of the target PNTSH 6 dB or some other threshold). If the predicted level of interference is below a threshold, then the second node may continue to transmit on the channels specified in the SIR in step 520. If, however, the predicted interference is determined to or greater than the third predetermined threshold level, then in step 518 the second node may reduce its transmit power to such a level that the predicted interference are below the third threshold. Thus, a single message, or SIR, can be used to indicate the interference of multiple channels. By reducing power generating units noise affect components (e.g., receivers, access terminals, access point, ...) can successfully receive the bits for a subset of multiple channels and nodes that reduce its transmission power levels may also be permitted to continue their respective transmission.

The ratio of 6 and 7 a flexible medium access control may contribute to permit a receiver to communicate with one or more transmitters not only to those with whom he prefers transmission mode with collision avoidance, but also as a measure of how difficult it is relative to other receivers . The third-generation cellular MAC need to prevent interference to cells may be attenuated by the use of schemes planned deployment. Cellular MAC usually reaches a high spatial efficiency (bits / unit area), but the planned deployment is expensive, time consuming and can be quite unsuitable for deploying public access points. Conversely, a wireless local area network (WLAN), such as those based on a family of 802.11, impose very low limits on the deployment, but the savings of cost and time associated with deployment of the WLAN relative to cellular systems, it is intended by increased stability with respect to noise embedded in the MAC. For example, the family of 802.11 MAC, which is based on multiple access with carrier sense (CSMA). CSMA, in essence, is the principle of "Listen-before-transfer", in which a node involves the transfer must first "listen" environment to determine that it is free, and then follow the protocol for not using before transmission. MAC-controlled carrier can lead to poor usability, limited exposure to equity and management of hidden and open sites. To overcome the disadvantages associated with both cellular systems with a planned deployment systems and Wi-Fi / WLAN various aspects described in relation to Figures 6 and 7 may use synchronous transmission of control channels (e.g., to send requests of the pilot -alert signals, etc.), effective use of SIR (eg RxSIR may be sent by the receiver when it is going to run-out of interfering transmitters, ThSIR may be sent by the transmitter to allow its intended receiver and the receiver that it creates a disturbance to know its intention to transfer, etc.), as well as improved reliability of the control channel by repeated use (e.g., so that multiple NRI can be decoded simultaneously at the receiver), etc.

In accordance with some features may RxSIR weighed with a factor which indicates the degree of adverse receiver serving their transmitters. Interfering transmitter can then be used as the fact that he had heard RxSIR and weighting value associated with RxSIR to determine the next steps. According to the example, when the receiver receives a separate stream, the receiver can send RxSIR when:

<img file="00000004.tif" he="16" wi="25" img-format="tif" img-content="undefined" />

wherein RST (threshold parcel NRI (PPP)) is a target bandwidth for the flow, Ractual is actually achievable bandwidth computed as a short-term moving average (e.g., using single-pole filter with infinite impulse response (IIR) ...) and T is a threshold, compared to the comparing relation. If the receiver is unable to plan its transmitter during the particular time interval, the transmission rate for that time interval is assumed to be equal to 0. In contrast, the transmission rate achieved in this time interval is the count, which can be supplied to an averaging filter. The threshold T may be set to one, so that whenever the actual bandwidth falls below the target throughput, the weighting factor is generated and transmitted.

The transmitter can "hear" RxSIR if it can decode the message RxSIR. The transmitter can optionally ignore RxSIR message if it estimates that the interference it causes to the sender RxSIR, below the threshold deviation SIR (PIC). In this design RxSIR MAC / ThSIR requests and granting may be sent on the control channel, which has a very low reuse factor (e.g. 1/4 or less) to ensure that the impact of interference on the control information is low. The transmitter can analyze a set RxSIR that he heard, and if RxSIR hear from its intended receiver is RxSIR with the highest weighting factor, the transmitter may send a request to ThSIR indicating all receivers that can hear the transmitter (for example, including its own receiver) he won the "contest" and he is entitled to use the channel. Other conditions for sending ThSIR, processing RxSIR many of the same weights, handling numerous ThSIR, queries, etc. described in more detail with reference to Figures 6 and 7 below. Setting a weighting factor RxSIR and action on the transmitter provides a deterministic resolution match and thus better utilization of the shared medium and weighted equitable sharing using PPP setup. In addition to setting the PPP, which governs the possibility of sending RxSIR installing POS can facilitate the management of the degree to which the system operates in conflict prevention.

With regard to PPP, in terms of system efficiency, PPS may be used, so that the protocol or protocol to prevent conflicts of simultaneous transmission may be caused by analyzing what protocol achieves higher system capacity for a given user configuration. From the viewpoint of maximum transmission speed or adapted to delay services, users may be allowed to send data at a rate higher than the rate that can be achieved using simultaneous transmissions through the efficiency of the system. In addition, certain types of traffic channels with fixed transmission rate (e.g., control channel) may require achieving a predetermined bandwidth, and PPS may be set appropriately. In addition, certain nodes may have higher traffic requirements due to drawing a large volume of traffic. This is especially true if you are using a wireless redelivery in the tree architectural plans and receiver unit, which is close to the root of the tree.

One methodology for determining the fixed installation PPP PPP is based on the spectral efficiency of the edge of the forward link, achieved in the planned cellular systems. The spectral efficiency for cell edge bandwidth indicates that the user can reach the edge in the cellular system, when a base transceiver station (BTS) transmits to this user, wherein the neighbors are included all the time. This is so as to ensure that the throughput with simultaneous transmissions is not worse than the throughput at the cell edge in a set of cellular system which can be used to start transition mode preventing conflicts to improve throughput (for example, with respect to that which can be achieved using simultaneous transmission mode). According to another feature of PPP may be different for different users (for example, users can subscribe to different levels of service associated with the various PPP, ...).

6 is an illustration of a methodology 600 for generating and ThSIR requests that promote flexible medium access control (MAC) in the wireless network sporadically deployed according to one or more aspects. ThSIR may inform all the receivers within range of listening, which is based on RxSIR that the transmitter heard, the transmitter believes he is the only one in which the most is entitled to the band. ThSIR a single bit of information indicating its presence, and the transmitter can set the bit ThSIR follows.

In step 602, the transmitter may determine heard if he only that (for example, within a predetermined period, control, ...) one or more RxSIR including RxSIR from its own receiver (for example, suppose that A communicates with B, and interferes with C and D, then A can hear RxSIR from B, C and D, where B is the receiver it) if it is sent one (m. e. if sent in one of the present example). As described in this example, "node" may be an access terminal or an access point, and may contain both a receiver and transmitter. Using terminology such as "transmitter" and "receiver" as used herein should therefore be interpreted as "when a node plays the role of transmitter" and "when a node plays the role of a receiver", respectively. If the transmitter has not taken any RxSIR, then in step 604, it sends a request to its receiver without sending ThSIR. If the transmitter has received at least one RxSIR, then at step 606 determination may be made regarding whether an accepted RxSIR own receiver from the transmitter (e.g., transmitter node to a receiver, ...). If not, then in step 608 it may be decided to refrain from transmitting ThSIR and associated query.

If the determination in step 606 is affirmative, then in step 610 may be performed in other determination regarding whether the RxSIR received from its own receiver transmitter only RxSIR that was heard. If yes, then in step 612, the transmitter may send and ThSIR transmission request. If the transmitter received numerous RxSIR including RxSIR from its own receiver, then at step 614, the transmitter may proceed to sorted RxSIR, based on the weight associated with it. At block 616 determination may be made regarding whether a RxSIR received from its own receiver transmitter largest weighting coefficient (e.g., the highest degree of adverse) of all received RxSIR. If yes, then in step 618, the transmitter may send as ThSIR and transmission request. If the determination at step 616 is negative, then at step 620, the transmitter may refrain from transmitting ThSIR and query. In the scenario where the transmitter receives RxSIR from its own receiver, and one or more other RxSIR, and all have the same weight, then the transmitter may send ThSIR and request with probability 1 / N, where N is the number RxSIR having the greatest weight coefficient. In one aspect, the logic of Figure 6 may be applied without any ThSIR, but rather only requests. Those. RxSIR controls whether the node can send a request for a particular resource or not.

"Unfavorable" as used herein may be defined as a function, for example, the relationship of the target value to the actual value for a given node. For example, when adverse measured as a function of bandwidth, spectral efficiency, data rate, or some other parameter where higher values ​​are desirable, then when the node is unfavorable, the actual value will be relatively lower than the target value. In such cases, a weighted value indicative of the degree of adverse node may be a function of the ratio of the target value to the actual value. In cases where it is required that the parameter based on what kind of adverse underlies was low (e.g., latency), the reciprocal of the ratio of the target value to the actual value may be used to generate a weighting factor. As used herein, a node that is described as having the "best" condition relative to another node as intended may have less adverse (e.g., the node with the best condition has less interference, less latency, a higher transmission rate, high bandwidth , higher spectral efficiency, etc., than another node to which it is compared).

According to an example transmitter and A transmitter may transmit at a time (e.g., according to Scheme synchronous control access to the medium in which the transmitters transmit at a predetermined timing and transmitted to other receivers specified times) to the receiver B and the receiver D, respectively. The receiver can detect and / or the determined amount of interference, he feels, and may send RxSIR transmitters, such as transmitter A and C. The receiver transmitter D RxSIR no need to listen to because the receiver D transmits the same time as the receiver B. Further for example, while listening RxSIR from the receiver to the transmitter may estimate the state of C. In the receiver, as indicated in RxSIR and can compare its own state (which may be known to or announced by C. RxSIR sent D) In ​​the state of the receiver . A comparison can be made to several of the transmitter S.

For example, upon determining that the transmitter is experiencing less interference than the receiver B, C transmitter may perform the rejection of use by abstaining from sending a request to transmit. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter may estimate or determine what it will cause interference at the receiver, for example, when the receiver sends RxSIR from the same or a constant power spectral density. Such a determination may include channel gain estimation at the receiver in the selection of transmit power levels and determining whether the level exceeds the interference which is caused in the receiver by transmission from transmitters with the selected transmission power level predefined acceptable threshold level of interference. Based on the determination, transmitters can choose to transmit at a power level which is equal to the previous transmission power level or less.

In the case that the state of transmitter (for example, the degree of adverse in relation to lack of resources, noise, ...) is essentially the same with the state of the receiver B, transmitter C may evaluate and / or can refer to the weight associated with RxSIR that he had heard. For example, if the transmitter heard four NRI having weighting coefficients 3, 5, 5 and 5, RxSIR heard from the receiver B comprises one of the weights 5 (e.g., a weight factor equal to the greatest weighting factors of all RxSIR, heard transmitter ), while C sends a request with probability 1/3.

7 illustrates a methodology 700 for generating a provision request for transmission according to one or more aspects. In step 702, the receiver may evaluate the request and ThSIR he recently heard or received (e.g., during a predetermined monitoring period, ...). If no requests were received, then in step 704 the receiver may refrain from sending the grant message. If at least one query and ThSIR were taken, then at step 706 determination may be made regarding whether it is (are) ThSIR whether received from the transmitter, which serves a receiver. If not, then in step 708 the receiver may refrain from sending of. If yes, then in step 710, the receiver can determine whether all received from transmitters ThSIR serviceable receiver.

If the determination at step 710 is positive, then the provision can be generated and sent to one or more of requesting transmitter at step 712. If the determination at step 710 is negative and ThSIR receiver has received from its own transmitter in addition to ThSIR from the transmitter, the receiver which is not serving then at step 714 determination may be made regarding whether a moving average rate greater than or equal to Rtarget. If the running average bit rate equal to or greater than Rtarget, then in step 716 the receiver may refrain from providing the requested resource. If not, then in step 718, the receiver may send a provision with probability 1 / N, where N is the number of received ThSIR. In another aspect ThSIR may include weighting factors, as in RxSIR and when heard numerous ThSIR at least one of one of its transmitters and one from another transmitter, then the run of, based on whether it was sent ThSIR with the largest weighting coefficient by one of its transmitter or not. In the case of the numerous ThSIR with the highest weighting, including the one that came from one of its transmitters, providing sent with probability m / N, where N is the number of ThSIR, heard with the greatest weighting, m of which came from the transmitter receiver .

According to related aspects, the receiver may periodically and / or continuously assess whether it has data waiting to be processed by the sender. This is true if the receiver has received the current request or if he made a previous request for which he has not given provision. In any case, the receiver can send RxSIR when the average transmission rate below Rtarget. In addition, when assigning the request transmitter the transmitter may transmit a data frame that can be received by the receiver. If data is not confirmed for the pair of transmitter-receiver, while the transmitter and the receiver may update the information on the average rate for the connection.

8 is an illustration of a methodology 800 in order to achieve equality among the contending nodes by adjusting the number of channels which transmit SIR according to the degree of adverse associated with a given node, according to one or more aspects. As described above with respect to the preceding figures, RxSIR sent to indicate that a receiver that is experiencing poor communication conditions and wants to reduce the interference it faces. RxSIR includes a weight coefficient which measures the degree of adverse experienced by the node. According to an aspect of the weighting factor may be set equal to the PPS / average bandwidth. In this case, the PPP is the average capacity that wants to have a knot. When the transmitting node hears numerous RxSIR, he can use the appropriate weights to allow communication between them. If RxSIR with the highest weighting factor transmitted from the transmitter's own receiver, then he may decide on the transfer. If not, the transmitter may refrain from transmitting.

ThSIR sent by the transmitter to announce the upcoming transfer and has two goals. Firstly, ThSIR allows the receiver to know that his RxSIR won local contest, so that it can perform transmission planning. Secondly, ThSIR inform other neighboring receivers of upcoming noise. When the system supports multiple channels, the NRI may carry a bit mask in addition to the weighting factor. A bit mask indicating the channels to which this applies sire.

RxSIR allows the host to clear interference in its immediate neighborhood because the nodes that receive RxSIR can be forced to refrain from transmitting. While weights allow for a match equal (e.g., the node with the highest wins adverse) possessing multi MAC may provide another degree of freedom. The number of channels for which a node can send RxSIR may be based on its degree of adverse nodes with very poor histories for quick capture. When RxSIR are successful and the speed of transmission received by the node in response to it, improves its condition, the node can reduce the number of channels for which it sends RxSIR. If because of the strong congestion IDAs did not initially reach the goal and the capacity is not increased, the node may increase the number of channels for which it sends a NRI. In the case of very heavily loaded node may be very unfavorable and can send RxSIR for all channels, thus degenerating in the case of a single carrier.

According to the process in step 802 may be determined by the degree of adverse node, and SIR can be generated to indicate the extent unfavorable to other nodes within range of listening. For example, the degree of adverse can be determined as a function of the level of service received at the site, which can be influenced by various parameters such as delay, PNTSH, SNPs, bandwidth, data rate, spectral efficiency, etc. In step 804, the number of channels can be selected for which to send the NRI, which may correspond to the degree of adverse (eg, the more unfavorable, the greater the number of channels). IDAs can be transmitted to the channel in step 806. The quality of service (QoS) can be measured for a node, and an unfavorable can re-evaluated to determine whether the state has improved node in step 808. Based on the measured CO, at 810 the number of channels can be adjusted to which is transmitted subsequent SIR. For example, if the node KO does not improve, not deteriorated, while the number of channels, which is transmitted to the subsequent SIR may be increased at step 810 to increase the level of service received by the node. If the DA unit increased, then at step 810 the number of channels, which is transmitted subsequent SIR can be reduced to save resources. The method may return to step 806 for further transmission repetition NRI service evaluation and adjustment of the number of channels. The decision whether to increase or may reduce the number of channels, which are sent to SIR, could also be a function of QoS metrics used by the node. For example, increasing the number of channels, which are sent to NRI (based on continuing or worsening adverse extent), it may make sense for metrics such as bandwidth / data rate, but may not be so for the delay metrics.

According to related aspects based on the host and / or based on the traffic priority may be included, allowing nodes with higher priority expropriate more channels than the nodes with a lower priority. For example, adverse caller calling video, can take the eight channels simultaneously, whereas similar adverse caller calling it takes only two carriers. The maximum number of channels that a node can receive, also can be limited. The upper limit may be determined by the type of portable traffic (for example, small packets of speech does not usually require more than a few channels), class power unit (eg, a weak transmitter can not spread its power over a very large frequency band), the distance to the receiver and the resulting PSD reception etc. Similarly, the method 800 may further reduce interference and improve the conservation of resources. Still other aspects provide the use of a bitmask to indicate the number of channels allocated to the node. For example, a 6-bit mask may be used to indicate that the NRI may be sent for up to six channels. The assembly may additionally request that an interfering node refrain from transmitting over all or a subset of the allocated subcarriers.

9 is a graphic RxSIR transmission between two nodes at a constant power spectral density (PSD) according to one or more aspects. When Uze l experiencing severe interference can benefit from limiting the interference caused by other nodes, which in turn provides a better spatial reuse and improved equality. The family of 802.11 packets transfer request (RFP) and Clear to Send (PCG) are used to achieve equality. Nodes that hear the RFP, stop the transmission and allow the requesting node to successfully transmit a packet. Often, however, this mechanism leads to a large number of nodes that are disabled unnecessarily. Furthermore, the nodes can send the RFP and the DKP at full power throughout the frequency band. If some nodes have a higher power than the others, then the range for the RFP and PCG to different nodes may be different. Thus, the node with low power, which could create strong interfering node with a large capacity may not be able to shut down a node with a large capacity using RFP / PCG because the host with a large capacity is out of range of the node with low power. In this case, a node with a large capacity is always "hidden" node to node with low power. Even if a node with low power sends the RFP or SCE to one of its transmitters or receivers, he can not turn off the unit with a large capacity. 802.11 MAC so requires that all nodes have the same power. This imposes restrictions on the performance characteristics, particularly in terms of the coating.

A mechanism according to 9 broadcast manner facilitates transfer NRI from the receiver to the node that is experiencing undesirably low SINR for one or more channels. NRI may be transmitted with a constant known PSD irrespective of the power transmission unit and the receiving node may monitor the received SDP and compute the channel gain between itself and the transmitting node NRI. If you know the channel gain, the receiving node may determine the amount of interference that is likely to cause (e.g., based in part on its own transmission power) at the transmitting node and the SIR can decide whether to temporarily refrain from transmitting or not.

In cases where the network nodes have different transmit power nodes which hear SIR can decide whether the shut down based on their known respective transmit power and channel gain calculation. Thus, a low power transmitter is not necessary to shut down unnecessarily, since it does not cause significant interference. Thus, it can be switched off only interfering nodes, thereby reducing the aforementioned disadvantages of the conventional mechanism of RFP-GCP.

For example, a first node (Node A) can take RxSIR from the second node (Node B) via h. RxSIR can be transmitted at a power level pRxRUM, and the value of the received signal can be estimated by X, so that X is equal to the sum of the channel h, multiplied by the transmission power pRxRUM plus noise. Node A can then perform the assessment protocol channel estimate h by dividing the value of the received signal X on pRxRUM. If the weighting unit weighting factor B is greater than node A, then node A may further estimate the interference that the transmission may cause node A to node B, by multiplying the channel estimation to the desired transmission power (pA), so that:

IA = hest * ρA

wherein IA represents the interference caused by the node A to the node B.

According to an example, consider a system where the maximum transmission power of M is determined to be 2 W and the minimum transmission bandwidth is 5 MHz, then the maximum PSD is 2 W / 5 MHz or 0.4 W / MHz. Assume that the lowest transmission power in the system is 200 mW. Then NRI is designed so as to have a range so that it is equal to the maximum permissible distance in the PSD. This spectral power density of 200 mW for the transmitter and the data rate for the NRI is then selected to equalize these distances. It is understood that the above example is present for illustrative purposes only and that the systems and / or methods described herein are not limited to the specific values ​​given above, but rather can utilize any suitable values.

10 is an illustration of a methodology 1000 for applying a constant PSD for transmitting the NRI to facilitate the assessment of the amount of interference that will be called by the first node to the second node, according to one or more aspects. At 1002, a first node may receive a known PSD RxSIR from the second node. At 1004, the first node may compute the channel gain between it and the second node based on the known SPM. In step 1006, the first node can use SDP transmission associated with its own transmission to estimate the amount of interference that may cause the first node to the second node based at least in part on channel coefficients calculated in step 1004. The rating can be compared with interference predetermined threshold value in step 1008 to determine whether the first node to transmit or refrain from transmitting. If the score is greater than a predetermined threshold, then the first node may refrain from transmitting (which may include or transmit data or transmitting a request) in step 1012. If the score is lower than a predetermined threshold, then the first node may transmit in step 1010, as it substantially does not interfere with the second node. It is understood that RxSIR transmitted by the second node can be heard by multiple receiving nodes within a given proximity to the second node, each of which may implement the method 1000 to assess whether it should transmit.

In another example, the second node may transmit, for example, at 200 milliwatts and the first node may transmit at 2 watts. In this case, the second node may have a transmission range r, and the first node may have a radius of transmission 10 r. Thus, the first node may be located up to 10 times farther from the second node than the second node typically transmits or receives, but may still be able to interfere with the second node due to its higher transmission power. In this case, the second node may increase its transmit PSD RxSIR during transmission to ensure that the first node will RxSIR. For example, the second node may transmit RxSIR with maximum SPM, which can be pre-determined for the network. The first node may then perform a method 1000 and determine whether to transmit or not, as described above.

11 illustrates a methodology 1100 for response packets to interference management in a planned and / or an ad hoc wireless communication environment in accordance with various aspects. At 1102 RxSIR from the first node may be received at the second node. At 1104, a metric value may be generated based at least in part on a predetermined value associated with the NRI. For example, when the SIR is received in step 1102, the receiving node (eg, the second node) knows or can determine RUM_Rx_PSD by estimating the reception power SIR, RUM_Tx_PSD (known constant of the system) and Data_Tx_PSD (MTA with which the receiving SIR node would like to pass on their data) . RUM_Tx_PSD RUM_Rx_PSD and also quantified in dBm / Hz, where the first is a constant for all the nodes, and the second is dependent on the gain channel. Similarly, Data_Tx_PSD measured in dBm / Hz, and may depend on the power class associated with the node. Metrics generated in step 1104 may be expressed as:

<img file="00000005.tif" he="5" wi="121" img-format="jpg" img-content="undefined" />

which represents an estimate of the possible interference that the transmitting node SIR (for example, ThSIR) or receiving SIR node (for example, RxSIR) can call on another node.

At 1106 metric value may be compared with a predetermined threshold deviation SIR (PIC), which is defined in dBm / Hz. If the metric is greater than or equal to the PIC, then the second node may respond to the SIR in step 1108. If the metric is less than the PIC, then the second node may refrain from answering node (e.g., as essentially it will not interfere with the first node) at step 1110. Response to SIR at step 1108 may remove the interference related to relative interference over thermal noise (PNTSH) that is greater than a predetermined value Ω, which is measured in decibels, over thermal noise N0, which is measured in dBm / Hz (for example, as that metrika≥Ω + N0). To ensure that all significant interference potential are silent, the PIC can be set so that the PIC = Ω + N0. It should be noted that the task of determining whether the threshold of the PIC is satisfied or not, undertaken RxSIR receiving node only when announced by a weighting factor to the SIR indicates that the sender NRI has a greater degree of adverse than the recipient of the NRI.

12 is an illustration of a methodology 1200 for generating RxSIR accordance with various aspects described above. At 1202, the NRI may be generated at the first node, the NRI contains information that indicates that a first predetermined threshold has been satisfied or exceeded. The first predetermined threshold may represent, for example, the level of interference over thermal noise (PNTSH) data rate, the carrier to interference (SNPs), the level of capacity, the level of spectral efficiency, latency, or any other suitable measure by which can be measured service at the first node. In step 1204, the NRI may be weighted to indicate the degree to which exceeded a second predetermined threshold. In some aspects, the weight value may be a quantized value.

The second predetermined threshold may represent, for example, the level of interference over thermal noise (PNTSH) data rate, the carrier to interference (SNPs), the level of capacity, the level of spectral efficiency, latency, or any other suitable measure by which can be measured level of service at the first node. Although the first and second predetermined thresholds may be substantially equal, this is not necessary. Furthermore, the first and second predetermined thresholds may be associated with different parameters (e.g., SNPs and PNTSH respectively delay and data transmission rate, respectively, or any other desired permutation of the parameters). At 1206, a weighted NRI can be transferred to one or more other nodes.

13 is an illustration of a methodology 1300 for a response to one or more received RxSIR according to one or more aspects. In step 1302 RxSIR may be received at a first node from a second (or more) node (s). RxSIR may contain information relating to the state of the second node (e.g., the degree of adverse as described above), which can be used by the first node in step 1304 to determine the state of the second node. At step 1306, the state of the second node may be compared with the state of the first node. The comparison may allow the determination is made whether to transmit data in step 1308.

For example, if the comparison indicates that the state of the first node is better than the state of the second node, then the first node may refrain from sending data (for example, refusal to perform and to allow the use of more severe second node to communicate more effectively). Additionally or alternatively, if the status of the first node is better than the state of the second node, the first node may proceed to determine the level of interference, which may cause the first node to the second node, as described above with respect to Figure 10. This determination may comprise, for example, using known constant power or a known constant power spectral density at which the second node is transmitted RxSIR, estimate channel gain between the first and second nodes, the selection of power level for transmission from the first node to the second node, the evaluation level interference that the selected transmission power level will cause the second node, and determining whether the estimated level exceeds a predetermined interference threshold acceptable level of interference.

In the case when the comparison indicates that the state of the first node to the second node status is worse, the first node may choose to ignore the NRI. According to another aspect, if the first node and the second node are substantially the same conditions can be applied handling mechanism weighting factors as described above with respect to Figure 6. According to yet another aspect of the information contained in the SIR, can be used to generate a metric value that can be compared with a threshold deviation NRI (PIC) to determine whether to answer or not to the SIR as described with respect to Figure 11. According to still other aspects in determining whether to transmit data in step 1308 such transmission may comprise sending the communication data on the first channel, transmitting a request message for transmission on the first channel and / or sending a request message for transmission over a second channel that requests package data the first channel.

In another aspect, additional information may be included with the request to help the scheduler know RxSIR processing result on the site. For example, suppose that A transmits the data B, and C - by D. Assume that B and D are both RxSIR circulate, but the weighting factor used in the more (more unfavorable) than D. Then A sends a query (because He handled RxSIR adopted and concluded that its receiver, ie, the worst), and includes a bit of "best", indicating that he had won the match and must quickly plan, since it can not maintain the gain in the future. In contrast with treating NRI and it concludes that it can not respond. However, it may report D, which, although it can not be scheduled at the moment, he has data to send, and D should be sent insisted RxSIR. For example, if D does not hear any requests, it may erroneously conclude that none of its transmitter has no data to send and may stop sending RxSIR. To prevent this, C sends a "request", indicating that it is "blocked" by the RxSIR other. This serves as an indication for D With no plan at the moment, but keep sending RxSIR in the hope that after a successful match at some point.

14 shows an exemplary wireless communication system 1400. Wireless communication system 1400 depicts one base station and one terminal for sake of brevity. However, to be understood that the system may include more than one base station and / or more than one terminal, wherein additional base stations and / or terminals can be substantially similar or against other exemplary base station and terminal described below. Furthermore, it is necessary to understand that the base station and / or the terminal can employ the methods (2, 5-8 and 10-13) and / or systems (1, 3, 4, 9 and 15-18), described herein to facilitate wireless communication there between. For example, the nodes in the system 1400 (e.g., base station and / or terminal) may store and execute instructions for performing any of the above methods (e.g., generating NRI response NRI certain adverse node, selection of the number of subcarriers for transmitting the NRI, ...) and data associated with performing such actions and other suitable actions for performing the various protocols described herein.

As shown in Figure 14, on a downlink access point 1405 processor 1410 receives Tx data, formats, encodes, interleaves, and modulates (or symbol maps) traffic data and provides modulation symbols ("data symbols"). Symbol modulator 1415 receives and processes the data symbols and pilot symbols and provides a stream of symbols. Symbol modulator 1420 multiplexes data and pilot symbols and provides them to a transmitter unit 1420 (TMTR). Each transmit symbol may be a data symbol, a pilot symbol or a signal value of zero. The pilot symbols may be sent continuously in each symbol period. The pilot symbols may be multiplexed with frequency division multiplexing (CDM) multiplexed with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), time division multiplexed channels (TDM), frequency division multiplexed channels (CDM) or code division multiplexed channels (CDM).

TMTR 1420 receives and converts the stream of symbols into one or more analog signals and further into a certain state (e.g., amplifies, filters, and upconverts) the analog signals to generate a downlink signal suitable for transmission over the wireless channel. The downlink signal is then transmitted through an antenna 1425 to the terminals. At terminal 1430 antenna 1435 receives the downlink signal and provides a received signal to a 1440 receiver (RCVR). Block 1440 receiver results in a certain state (e.g., filters, amplifies, and downconverts) the received signal and digitizes the conditioned signal to obtain samples. Symbol demodulator 1445 demodulates and provides received pilot symbols to a processor 1450 for channel estimation. Demodulator 1445 symbols further receives a frequency response estimate for the downlink from processor 1450, performs data demodulation on the received data symbols to obtain data symbol estimates (which are estimates of the transmitted data symbols), and provides the data symbol estimates to processor 1455 data RX, which demodulates (i.e., symbol demaps), deinterleaves, and decodes the data symbol estimates to recover the transmitted traffic data. The processing by demodulator 1445 characters and RX data processor 1455 is complementary to the processing of symbols and a modulator 1415, a TX data processor 1410, respectively, at access point 1405.

On the uplink, a TX data processor 1460 processes traffic data and provides data symbols. Symbol modulator 1465 receives and multiplexes the data symbols with pilot symbols, performs modulation and provides a stream of symbols. Transmitter unit 1470 then receives and processes the stream of symbols to generate an uplink signal, which is transmitted by the antenna 1435 to the access point 1405.

At access point 1405, the uplink signal from terminal 1430 is received by antenna 1425 and processed by a receiver unit 1475 to obtain samples. Symbol demodulator 1480 then processes the samples and provides received pilot symbols and data symbol estimates for the uplink. RX data processor 1485 processes the data symbol estimates to recover the traffic data transmitted by terminal 1430. A processor 1490 performs channel estimation for each active terminal transmitting on the uplink. Multiple terminals may transmit pilot concurrently on the uplink on their respective assigned sets of pilot subbands, where the pilot subband sets may be interlaced signal.

Processors 1490 and 1450 direct (eg, control, coordinate, manipulate, etc.) operation at access point 1405 and terminal 1430, respectively. Respective processors 1490 and 1450 can communicate with memory units (not shown) that store program codes and data. Processors 1490 and 1450 can also perform computations to derive frequency and impulse response for the uplink and downlink, respectively.

For a multiple-access systems (e.g., multiple access, frequency division (FDMA), multiple access orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDMA), multiple access, code-division multiplexing (CDMA) multiple access, time division multiple access (TDMA), etc. .d.), multiple terminals can transmit concurrently on the uplink. For such a system, the pilot subbands may be shared among different terminals. Can be used in the methods of channel estimation where pilot subbands for each terminal span the entire operating band (possibly except for the band edges). Such a structure of pilot subbands would be desirable to obtain frequency diversity for each terminal. The methods described herein may be implemented in various ways. For example, these techniques may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For a hardware implementation, the processing units used for channel estimation may be implemented within one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or combinations thereof. With software, implementation can be performed using the tools (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on. D.) That perform the functions described herein. The software codes may be stored in memory unit and executed by the processors 1490 and 1450.

For a software implementation, the techniques described herein may be implemented with modules / tools (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The software codes may be stored in memory units and executed by processors. The memory unit may be implemented using the processor or external to the processor, in which case it may communicate with the transmit data to the processor via various means as is known in the art.

Now consider 15-18 and the various modules depicted relative to them, it is clear that a module for transmitting may comprise, for example, the transmitter and / or may be implemented in a processor, etc. Similarly, a module for receiving may comprise a receiver and / or may be implemented within the processor, and the like. D. Additionally, a module for comparing, determining, calculating, and / or performing other analytical actions may comprise a processor that executes instructions for performing the various and respective Action.

15 illustrates an apparatus 1500 that facilitates wireless data transmission in accordance with various aspects. Apparatus 1500 is represented by a series of interrelated functional blocks that may represent functions implemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof (e.g., firmware). For example, apparatus 1500 may provide modules for performing various acts such as are described above with regard to various figures. Apparatus 1500 includes a module 1502 for determining the number of channels necessary for transmission. The determination may be performed as a function of the weight associated with the node in which the device is used, the weight associated with one or more other nodes, the number of channels available for transmission, etc. Additionally, each weight may be a function of the number of flows supported by the node associated with a weighting factor. Additionally or alternatively, the weighting factor may be a function of interference experienced by the node.

Apparatus 1500 further comprises a module for selecting 1504 that selects channels for which the node may transmit a request. Module 1504 for selecting may further estimate the received message is the use of resources (NRI) to determine which channels are available and which are not. For example, each SIR may comprise information associated with unavailable channels, and a module for selecting 1054 may determine that the channel is available, that is not indicated by the MIR. Module 1506 to send may send a request for at least one channel selected by module 1504 to select. It is understood that the device 1500 can be applied at the access point, access terminal, etc. and may comprise any suitable functionality to carry out the various methods described herein.

16 is an illustration of an apparatus 1600 that facilitates wireless communication using resource utilization message (NRI), according to one or more aspects. Apparatus 1600 is represented by a series of interrelated functional blocks that may represent functions implemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof (e.g., firmware). For example, apparatus 1600 may provide modules for performing various acts such as are described above with regard to preceding figures. Apparatus 1600 comprises a module for determining 1602 that determines the degree of adverse node, and a module 1604 for generating a SIR, which generates a SIR if the module for determining 1602 determines that the received service at a node is at or below a predetermined threshold. The module for selecting 1606 may select one or more resources, which may send the NRI and a module 1604 for generating a SIR may then include those channels in the NRI. Module 1608 for transmission may then transmit the SIR.

1606 module for resource selection can adjust the amount of selected resources, which subsequently passed the subsequent SIR based on the determination module 1602 to determine the level of service received increased under the previous SIR. For example, in such a scenario, the module for selecting 1606 may reduce the amount of resources indicated in a subsequent SIR in response to elevated levels of received service at the node, and may increase the number of selected resources in response to decreased or static level of received service. In other aspects, module 1602 for determining may determine the level of received service at the node as a function of one or more of the interference over thermal noise, delay, data rate achievable on site, spectral efficiency, throughput, carrier to interference ratio or any other suitable parameter services received at the site. It is understood that the device 1600 can be applied at the access point, access terminal, etc. and may comprise any suitable functionality to carry out the various methods described herein.

17 illustrates an apparatus 1700 that facilitates generating a resource utilization message (SIR) and SIR weighted to indicate the degree of adverse accordance with various aspects. Apparatus 1700 is represented as a series of interrelated functional blocks that may represent functions implemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof (e.g., firmware). For example, apparatus 1700 may provide modules for performing various acts such as are described above with regard to various figures described above. Apparatus 1700 includes a module 1702 for generating the SIR that can generate a SIR which indicates that exceeded a first predetermined threshold. The first predetermined threshold may be associated with and / or represent a threshold level of interference over thermal noise (PNTSH) data rate, the carrier to noise ratio (SNP), the level of capacity, the level of spectral efficiency, latency, etc.

Apparatus 1700 may further comprise a module 1704 for weighing NRI, which may weigh NRI with the value indicating the degree to which exceeded a second predetermined threshold, which may comprise determining a ratio of the actual value of the parameter (e.g., the interference over thermal noise (PNTSH) speed data carrier to interference (SNPs), the level of capacity, the level of spectral efficiency, latency, etc.) achieved at the node to a target, or desired, value. Furthermore, the weighted value may be a quantized value. It is understood that the device 1700 can be applied at the access point, access terminal, etc. and may comprise any suitable functionality to carry out the various methods described herein.

18 illustrates an apparatus 1800 that facilitates comparing relative conditions at nodes in a wireless communication environment to determine which nodes are most disadvantaged, in accordance with one or more aspects. Apparatus 1800 is represented as a series of interrelated functional blocks that may represent functions implemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof (e.g., firmware). For example, apparatus 1800 may provide modules for performing various acts such as are described above with regard to various figures. Apparatus 1800 can be applied to the first node and comprises a module 1802 for receiving SIR, SIR which receives from the at least one second node. Apparatus 1800 may further comprise a module for determining 1804 that determines the status of the second node based on information associated with NRI received from the second node, and a module for comparing 1806 that compares a condition of the first node to the second node to a certain state. Module for determining 1804 may then further determine whether to transmit data on the first channel based on the comparison.

According to various other aspects of determining whether to transmit may be based on whether the best state of the first node, whether equal substantially or worse than the state of the second node. Furthermore, the module for determining 1804 may transmit a data signal on the first channel request message over a first channel or a handover request message on the second channel. In the latter case, a handover request message sent by the second channel may contain a request for data transmission on the first channel. It is understood that the apparatus 1800 may be applied at the access point, access terminal, etc. and may comprise any suitable functionality to carry out the various methods described herein.

What has been described above includes examples of one or more aspects. Of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the aforementioned aspects, but one skilled in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of various aspects. Accordingly, the described aspects are intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, the extent to which the term "includes" is in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be including a manner that is similar to the term "comprising" as "comprising" It is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.