Dynamic system of magnets

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to dynamic magnet systems, and more particularly - to multiple-magnet systems used to generate electricity.

BACKGROUND

Movement of a magnet through a conductive coil induces a current in the coil. If the magnet is moved back and forth in a reciprocating motion, the direction of current flow in the coil will change to the opposite for each subsequent movement, whereby an alternating current.

Developed several electricity systems which make possible the use of reciprocating magnet movement through one or more coils. For example, in various specific embodiments of the technical solutions according to patent US №5347185 one, two or three magnets containing rare earth metals, with a possibility of linear movement to and fro relative to one or more coils. Moreover, either the magnets can be fixed and the coil - moving up and down relative to the magnet, as in the wave action, or the coil can be fixed and the magnet - moving relative to the coil, for example, by application of pressure from the actuator, or the coil housing can subjected to shock or vibration, as in the case when it is installed on vibrostalkivatele to cause a reciprocating or oscillating motion of a magnet which moves within the coil. In one embodiment four magnets are provided, disposed in series with like poles toward each other, the two end magnets fixed and the middle magnets free to move back and forth, occupying respective positions along the tube. The two middle magnet separated sled secondary coil, wherein the sled approximately twice as wide as any of the secondary magnets.

U.S. Patent №5818132, one embodiment discloses three moving opportunity suspension magnets inside the vertical tube like poles toward each other and the extreme magnets, wherein there are a number of coils spaced along the outer surface of the tube. To minimize friction between the movable magnet and the tube, the tube is oriented vertically and is movable up and down to accommodate movement of the magnets relative thereto and generating corresponding currents in the coils. However, the vertical orientation prevents the movement of the magnets, which are forced to counteract gravitational forces to ensure the movement relative to the tube. Thus, the possibilities of driving a tube the magnets is limited.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a dynamic multiple magnet system which achieves a better connection between the supporting structure for the magnets and the motion introduced by the magnets themselves. This ensures an increase in energy produced with given size and weight of the device and allows to orient the magnets for movement mainly in the horizontal direction, which considerably increases their sensitivity to motion to be reported.

These improvements are achieved by orienting the set of magnets like poles toward each other for individual movement relative to the support structure, wherein at least some of the magnets having mutually different properties. The magnets can have different magnetic strengths, achieved by various means, such as by making magnets of different magnetizations or sizes. It is possible to use magnets of the same size having different degrees of magnetization, different sized magnets with equal unit degrees of magnetization, or use combinations of these two options. Surprisingly, it was found that the reaction movement imparted on magnets of the bearing structure were more significant than in two equal magnets having the parameters is the average of their sizes and inductions in the range of the ratio of specific magnetic inductions.

The magnets are preferably provided with providing ultra low friction bearings on the basis of magnetic fluid, which set the static friction coefficient between the magnets and the supporting structure of less than 0.02. Ferrofluid preferably has a viscosity less than 10 centipoise, and in a particular embodiment is a substance in the form of light mineral oil mixed with isoparaffinic acid.

Availability providing ultra low friction bearings allows slipping magnets impart a substantially horizontal orientation, at which their sensitivity to the forces applied to the supporting structure, greatly increases. In this orientation the magnets can be included in multiple oscillation modes that are substantially bind many different movements of the support structure into useful magnet motion. With one or more conductive coils so that the coils of the moving magnetic fields intersect, it is possible to generate an electrical signal that allows supplying power to the many varieties of operating systems. The critical angle of displacement from a horizontal static position for the magnets is preferably less than 1 degree, and can be less than 10 minutes with an appropriate choice of support on the basis of the magnetic fluid.

These and other embodiments and advantages of the invention are described in detail in the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of a specific embodiment with two magnets to supply power in the existing system;

2 is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment with two magnets, wherein the magnets are of equal size have different magnetization;

3 is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment with three magnets;

4 is a graph of the calculated velocity of the magnet as a function of time for a system with two magnets, which magnets are of equal size; and

5 and 6 are calculated graphs relating the relative energy generated depending on the relative differential mass and magnetized magnet systems with strong and weak end magnets respectively.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a more efficient and flexible production of energy than has previously been possible in systems magnets reciprocating or oscillating motion. Electricity can be effectively produced as a result of very small displacements of the magnets and support structure from a horizontal plane and / or movements in a horizontal plane. For example, the movement of walking or other conventional movement, such as rotation, extortion, bending or even riding in a car, which is subjected to vibration, can easily promote the production of electricity when the support structure for the magnets is held in the user's hand or in a shirt pocket, with Thus for generating electrical energy is also possible to use a minor displacement of the horizontal plane due to wind or wave action.

The invention applies multiple magnets that move relative to the overall support structure. Variant system with three magnets according to U.S. Patent №5181132 is not mandatory, in essence, one can use any number of magnets, including even quantity. The requirement for a vertical orientation of the system requirements with three magnets according to US Patent №5181132, is also excluded, which creates the possibility of horizontal movement of the magnets, which are much more sensitive to the movements of the structure.

1 illustrates an application of the invention to supply energy for the current system. In this embodiment two moving magnets 2 and 4 move along the axis of the supporting structure in the shape of a non-magnetic tubular body 6. The magnets are arranged with like poles toward each other so that their mutually facing ends have the same magnetic polarity. Thus, the magnets mutually repel each other when the converging. Fixed magnets 8 and 10 are located at opposite ends of the body like poles toward their respective nearby moving magnets 2 and 4. The ends of the moving and end magnets which face each other, and have the same magnetic polarity so that adjacent magnets repel each other.

Magnet 2 is depicted as having a unit size, while magnet 4 is depicted as having a size of two units. Since all the units of the magnets in this embodiment are assumed to have equal magnetic strengths, the overall magnetic induction of the magnet 4 will be twice larger than that of the magnet 2. When a small impact on the body or housing of small displacements of the horizontal plane, the magnets 2 and 4 will slide along the housing 6, if the coefficients of friction between the magnets and the housing is less than about 0.02. With higher coefficient of friction, in the general case there will be no movement of the magnets in response to the flowing body movements, such as those obtained when the housing is placed in a shirt pocket and walking with it. It has been found that using two magnets arranged with like poles face each other, along with providing ultra low friction bearings on the basis of magnetic fluid greatly increases the responsiveness of the motion of magnets on body movements which occur in the natural frequency of the housing with a single magnet, and / or are in antiphase with the initial movement of the magnet. Surprisingly, it was found that if the two magnets have different magnetic strengths, both magnets have a greater response to enclosure movements than two identical magnet having an intermediate magnetic induction. In other words, beginning with the case of the two magnets having the same magnetic flux density, an increase and a decrease in the induction of induction of another cause more rapid vibrations both magnets in response to body movements in the induction of specific bands. This increased responsiveness directly increases the amount of energy that can be generated by the system.

To achieve the desired low level of friction as the interface between the magnets and the enclosure are preferably used based on the support of the magnetic fluid. Magnetic fluids are dispersions of small magnetic or magnetizable particles whose sizes are typically in the range between about 30 and 150 angstroms and which are dispersed in a liquid carrier. The magnetic particles are generally coated with surfactants or dispersing agent. Surfactants cause a constant distance between the magnetic particles to overcome the forces of attraction caused by Van der Waals forces (Van der Waal) and magnetic interaction, and also provide on the outer layer of the coated particles a chemical composition that is compatible with the carrier fluid and chemical substances in the environment. Ferrite and iron oxides, are used as magnetic particles give a magnetic fluid a number of physical and chemical properties, including saturation magnetization, viscosity, magnetic stabilization. Some types of magnetic fluids supplies Ferrotec Corporation, Nashua, New Hampshire (USA). A brief review of patents related to the preparation of magnetic fluids, is shown in U.S. Patent №6056889, and supports the use of magnetic fluids in an electric generator with movable magnets is discussed in copending patent application №10 / 078 724, entitled "Electrical Generator with Ferrofluid Bearings" (" Electric generator support with magnetic fluids "), filed by the applicant of the present application on the same day as this application and assigned to the same company Innovative Technology Licensing, LLC, having rights to the present invention.

Characteristics of a magnetic fluid and magnets are interconnected. If the magnets have a relatively weak magnetic field, it is necessary to use a magnetic fluid with a relatively strong magnetization. The magnetic fields of the magnets, will generally be in the range from about 500 to 4000 gauss, and the magnetization of magnetic fluid - in the range of about 50 to 400 gauss.

The coefficient of friction of the magnetic fluid, roughly speaking, is related to its viscosity (measured in centipoise (cps)), but not a direct relationship. For example, it was found that the magnetic fluid having a viscosity of 300 cP having a coefficient of friction of about 0.015, the magnetic fluid EFH1, supplied Ferrotec Corporation (USA), has a viscosity of about 6 centipoise and static friction coefficient of about 0.002, and the magnetic aqueous liquid with a viscosity of 5 cps has a coefficient of friction of about 0.01. Increased friction coefficient for the somewhat lower viscosity composition to be attributable to the surface tension associated with a water-based solvent.

A magnetic fluid composition, preferred for the present invention, has a viscosity that is significantly less than 5 centipoise, and in fact - is less than 2 cp, and achieves ultra low coefficient of friction in the range of 0,0008-0,0012. This sensitivity is sufficient that the magnet began to slide on a cross-beam where the cross member is deflected by only about 0.07 degrees off horizontal. These and other suitable compositions magnetic fluids are discussed in copending patent application №10 / 078 132, entitled "Mechanical Translator with Ultra Low Friction Ferrofluid Bearings" ("Mechanical converter providing ultra low friction bearings based ferrofluid") filed by the applicant Jeffrey T. Cheung on the same day as the application in this invention, and also assigned to us Innovative Technology Licensing, LLC, the content of the cited application is referred to herein for reference. The composition is a mixture of one part of the magnetic fluid based EFH1 light mineral oil supplied by Ferrotec Corporation (USA), mixed with two to four parts of isoparaffinic acid obtained after stirring for 24 hours. Suitable acids are sources of isoparaffinic hydrocarbon fluid substance Isopar G and Isopar M, supplied by ExxonMobil Chemical Corp.

You can also use undiluted magnetic fluid EFH1. EFH1 undiluted composition has a higher load capacity than its version diluted, but dilution of the composition will retain the capacity, sufficient for most applications. It is also possible to use other magnetic fluid with static friction coefficients up to about 0.02, such as a magnetic fluid type EMG805, supplied Ferrotec Corporation (USA) is a magnetic fluid is water-based with a coefficient of static friction of about 0.01 and a viscosity of about 5 cps, as generated energy, achieved with a coefficient of static friction is 0.02, still amount to approximately 75% of the energy produced, which is achievable through a system with zero friction. Currently EMG805 composition is much greater than EFH1 composition, and has a slightly lower load capacity. In general, suitable ferrofluids will yield a critical angle of displacement from a horizontal static position of less than 1 degree to initiate magnet movement, as described mixture will give a critical angle of less than 10 minutes.

Returning to Figure 1, note that the magnetic fluid inside the casing 6 is naturally attracted to the poles of magnets 2 and 4 to form beads 12, 14 and 16, 18 around the end poles of magnets 2 and 4, respectively. This enables the lubricant, providing ultra low friction, which allows the magnets to freely slide with respect to the housing. The magnets will move in response to the inclination of the horizontal body, the horizontal movement of the housing or more complex compound movements. The kinetic energy of the moving magnets is converted to potential energy as they approach their respective end with magnets, then there will transform back to kinetic energy as they bounce off the end magnets.

At the respective halves of the housing 6 is wound around a pair of conductive coils 20 and 22. In an alternative embodiment could use a single coil encompassing the entire length of motion of the magnets, but since the two magnets will often be moving in opposite directions in a single coil during these periods will be induced oppositely directed currents which can reduce the overall system efficiency.

Coils 20 and 22 are connected to respective full-wave bridge rectifying circuits 24 and 26, the outputs of which charge batteries 28 and 30, respectively, enclosed in the present system 32 as a whole. These batteries supplied energy to the device 24 operating system, such as environmental sensors, transmitter, flashlight or cellular telephone, which device can be made to work by the mechanical input influences, e.g., due to motion for a walk, wave motion or wind . In an alternative embodiment, the bridge outputs can be connected directly to the operating system of the device, if desired energy supply in real time.

Figure 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention, wherein for simplicity only shows the magnets and their housing without coils or other circuitry. In this embodiment, the pair of magnets 36, 38 are again secured within the housing 40 of nonmagnetic end magnets 42, 44 of opposite polarities. In this case the magnets are of equal size, but magnet 38 has a greater degree of magnetization and magnetic field strength, as indicated by double magnetization arrows, as opposed to a single magnetization arrow for magnet 36. Employment of a specific embodiment relating to this type, basically equivalent to the the particular embodiment shown in Figure 1, wherein each of the magnet sections have equal unit field strengths, with one magnet having two sections and the other - one. In both cases, both magnets will move faster in response to movements of the housing when the specific range of ratios of dimensions and strengths than would be the case with two magnets, each of which would have a field intensity equal to a voltage corresponding to the stronger magnet of FIG. 2.

3 shows a further embodiment with three magnets 46, 48 and 50 in the housing 52. In this example, all the magnets have different sizes / magnetic field intensity, with each of them moving by providing ultra low friction supports based magnetic fluid. The biggest magnet is shown disposed between the other two, but within the scope of the invention, this order can be changed, as well as the relationship between the size / field strengths of magnets. You can also make two identical magnet and the third magnet - having a different magnetic field. The invention can be generalized to any different number of magnets, at least two of which have different magnetic strengths, although increasing the number of magnets reduces the effective length of the housing, for moving the remaining magnets.

Figure 4 is a calculated plot illustrating the multiple modes of vibration that result from the presence of multiple magnets and providing ultra low friction bearings. This graph is built on the assumption that the magnets have the same magnetic field strength, and traces the velocity of one of the magnets as a function of time. It is assumed that the casing has a length which can determine a natural frequency of 1 Hz for a system with a single magnet. With two magnets there are multiple modes of oscillation, corresponding to the several velocity peaks which occur during each half period, for each magnet. This makes the multiple magnet system quickly responds to body movements, than in the case of a mismatch with the natural frequency of the system and / or motion in antiphase with the initial magnet movement. Improved responsiveness characteristic of the primary magnetic transducers having multiple magnets providing ultra low friction bearings is discussed in detail in copending patent application №10 / 077 945, entitled "Multiple Magnetic Transducer" ("Magnetic transducer with several magnets"), filed Applicant of the present application on the same day as the application in this invention, and also assigned to us Innovative Technology Licensing, LLC, having rights to the present invention, and is referred to herein for reference. Similarly, using multiple magnets having various magnetic fields and are the subject of the present invention provide several modes of oscillations.

Figures 5 and 6 show the calculated energy produced systems with two magnets given to the energy generated in the case of one magnet, and presented as a function of the mass ratio and the magnetization of the magnets. Results are presented in Figure 5, assuming that the fixed terminal are strong magnets (11,400 Gauss), and 6 - on the assumption that are weak end magnets (3,800 Gauss). The results obtained for magnets of equal magnetic material but with different masses, were equivalent to the results for magnets of equal mass but different magnetic inductions. The following assumptions have been made:

size stronger magnet diameter - 2.54 cm, length - 1.27 cm;

Bole strong induction of the magnet: 11400 gauss;

tube length: 15,24 cm;

terminal magnet dimensions: diameter - 0.95 cm, length - 0.635 cm;

the acceleration imparted to the tube: 1 m / s / s, are alternately - for 0.5 sec during the forward and backward 0.5 seconds for a frequency of 1 Hz (which simulates the swing arm);

system without friction.

A system with two magnets afforded generated energy which was greater than that of a single magnet in the specific ranges or magnetizations mass ratio, and such range depends on the end of the magnetic induction of the magnet. In the case of the strong end of the magnets, shown in Figure 5, according to the calculations it received significantly increased the energy generated for the relationship about 0,075-0,2, whereas in the case of weak end magnets 6, significantly increased the energy generated for the relationship turned around 0,35-0,6 while a smaller peak is at about 0.04. As reported by the acceleration varies with frequency close to the resonant frequency of the system with a single magnet, we can expect even better results at frequencies more remote from this resonant frequency, or for random inputs.

It is also important that the higher the calculated generated energy is derived for a system with two magnets of different sizes or induction magnet than for a system with two magnets having the same dimensions or the induction of the magnets (which corresponds to a ratio equal to one). In the presence of the system shown in Figure 5, this generally occurs in the same range of relationships as in the one magnet system, whereas in the presence of the system shown in Figure 6, this occurred in the entire range of relations.

The invention has many applications, some of which include the power supply for cellular phones, signal transmitters and sensors to help the environment, as well as a system for generating electricity and charging as such.

Though described and illustrated several specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize numerous variations and alternate specific embodiments. For example, application of a large number of magnets than the imaging system, or other lubricants, providing ultra low friction, rather than a specific composition mentioned above. Also, instead of placing a magnet within the housing and winding the coils around the outer surface of the housing can be effected treatment elements, whereby the coil will be within the housing, and the toroidal magnet - outside. Therefore, it is assumed that the invention is not limited to the wording of the appended claims.