A set of air communication platforms and method for using said platforms

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a set of small airborne platforms communications, and more particularly to a plurality of communication platforms lighter than air, spaced relative to each other and moving in the stratospheric layer of the Earth's atmosphere over a particular geographic area. Priority is claimed on the basis of US patent application number 09/3426440 of 29.06.1999.

BACKGROUND

Until recently, all communications satellites were placed in orbit called the geosynchronous orbit, situated at an altitude of 22,300 miles above the earth's equator. As international treaties provided that the satellites were separated by two degrees, the geosynchronous orbit can be only 180 satellites. Optimally-designed three-stage rocket on chemical fuel typically has to be 94% by weight of the fuel at the start for entering the geosynchronous orbit, which, given the 5.6% by weight, coming in on a rocket, a satellite leaves for only 0.4% of original starting weight. This can be compared with the situation where a typical car weighing 3,000 pounds, has the ability to carry a passenger weight of 200 pounds would require a fuel tank capacity of 8,400 gallons and would be handed over to the scrap after one trip. Finally, although reusable spacecraft NASA type "shuttle" may serve a number of low-orbit satellites at great expense, most satellites can not be serviced or upgraded after their launch.

Currently, since there are a limited number of positions for the location of the satellites in geosynchronous orbit, geosynchronous satellites are increased in size and use more sophisticated equipment, being able to transmit television signals directly to the television sets of terminal users. Recently, additional satellite networks are designed to not require a geosynchronous orbit. All of these new networks include the need to launch small satellites into orbit communication significantly lower height, where there is an unlimited number of positions for their location. Since the network requires a plurality of satellites in view and the small size of such satellites, one missile can be launched up to 8 satellites. Although satellites have become smaller in size and are used in large quantities, but currently there is still no "personal satellites" and no large-scale producers of consumer products in the satellite industry.

It is estimated that the deployment of a network of microsatellites in low Earth orbit and ground equipment required for the tracking, transmission, reception, handover between the plurality of microsatellites and necessary system network for voice transmission would require cost about US $ 3 billion. During four years, required to deploy such a system, each of the five million subscribers would be required to invest approximately $ 3,000 in the equipment, whereby it was possible to obtain total investment of users in the new equipment of about 15 billion dollars. The cost of the deployment of the system at low-orbit satellites, advanced broadcasting system would amount to an estimated about 475 million dollars. Such a system could serve two to three million subscribers at user equipment cost about 300-1000 dollars. Thus, total investment in the equipment of users would be 600 million dollars.

Currently it is developing the technical field related to the launch of radiosondes to collect meteorological information. Radiosondes are instrument modules that run on weather balloons to gather weather information. Radiosondes are launched from a network of stations on the ground at noon and at midnight UT (Greenwich Mean) time each day. Meteorological radiosondes collect data on temperature, humidity, pressure and wind as they rise from the Earth's surface to an altitude of about 100, 000 feet for a two-hour flight. These data are then entered in the atmospheric models that run on supercomputers. The information gathered from the network of ascending radiosondes is fundamentally important in predicting the weather. Many countries in the world are connected by contractual obligations to launch radiosondes from these positions and data sharing with other countries. Currently, almost 800,000 radiosondes launched each year in the world. This amount corresponds to the 997 global weather stations, launching two radiosondes every day for 365 days per year (727 000), plus a small number of radiosondes launched for military and scientific purposes. About 18% of radiosondes are returned, can be recovered and reused, resulting in the need to issue about 650,000 new meteorological radiosondes per year.

Radar system, currently used to track weather balloons probes or disabled (System Omega - shortly before 2000, the system Loran-C - immediately after the year 2000), or so outdated that operation and maintenance are unacceptably expensive (radars and radiotheodolite). Changes in radiosonde systems are usually very slow-as meteorologists examine trends of climate change by comparing the data collected over the decades. Therefore, they are very distrustful of any changes that may introduce new changes in the data that they collect. It is apparent from the fact that the majority of users, similar to the National Agency of Meteorology (NWS) US still use analogue radiosondes tracked radiotheodolite, although digital aeronautical probes are widely used for many years. Inadequate government funding also leads to the fact that many users can not be required to pay for the new technology. Currently on the market probes observed trend towards the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) to track the wind parameters in the radiosonde. From 1995 to 1998, the NWS unsuccessfully tried to get the support of the US Congress regarding the financing of development programs tracking system based on GPS for the US network of meteorological observations. This unsuccessful attempt to obtain the necessary new technology to replace the old infrastructure unsupported radiosonde took place simultaneously with the redistribution of radio spectrum radiosonde systems for commercial users. Radiosondes traditionally led transmission at 400 MHz in the case of the aeronautical and probes at the frequency 1680 MHz in the case radioteodolitnyh probes. The band at 400 MHz can be put up for sale the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States for simultaneous use by commercial services. Thus, the interference are increasing, and the probe may be required to use a narrow frequency band corresponding to the digital downlinks instead of the wide bandwidth corresponding analogue downlinks, which are still used.

Large-scale and expensive NASA balloons individually launched and maintained at a height of free flight over an extended period of time. These balloons carry hundreds of kilograms of equipment and have a value of the order of thousands of dollars each. Single balloons, because of their drift, are not able to cover the continuous line of sight extended geographical areas.

Personal Communications Services (PCS) are a new category of digital services, which was launched the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in 1994 offers for sale of the frequency spectrum. PCS are divided into two categories: the wideband and narrowband personal communication services. Category broadband personal communication services include mainly voice service and broadband phones PCS, which are now competing with traditional mobile phones. Category narrowband personal communication services include advanced messaging services, which are essentially two-way paging. The paging industry sees advanced messaging systems like mobile extension for personal email account, just as a cellular phone was personal stationary extension phone. Nationwide narrowband system PCS (NPCS) related to the sale of the first sentence of the spectrum, followed by the FCC. Approximately 30 licenses for regional and national NPCS were offered for sale and sold to private businesses. The importance of the fact that the range offered for sale is that becoming less restrictions on use of the spectrum compared to using traditional spectrum licensed by the FCC. Before spectrum became offered for sale, FCC provides a range to be used in parts, and the company had to prove that they will use the broadcast for "the public good". Usually, there is very specific federal regulation of how you can use the provided frequency. As companies pay their license for PCS, they essentially own the spectrum. FCC implemented only minimal regulation in order to prevent interference to other channels, carriers and systems of other countries. In addition, FCC and Industry Canada concluded an agreement on terrestrial radio, according to which Canada has distributed the same frequency NPCS the same channel structure as provided for Sale NPCS spectrum for the United States. It is possible to implement an inter-state mode NPCS, and in 1986, at least one company has received a paging system in Canada NPCS license to operate on the same frequencies, and its licensee in the United States. Mexico also set the same channel allocation as used in the USA.

One of the goals of FCC is to encourage providing radio frequency communication services to customers in rural areas at a reasonable price. This market is largely ignored by large companies of communication, due to lower income from the investment in the provision of wireless communications in sparsely populated regions. These wireless services include paging, advanced messaging, telemetry, voice communications, etc. Although voice services and messaging are available in rural areas using satellite systems, the cost is generally between thousands of dollars on a piece of equipment that is beyond the reach of most consumers. In addition, satellite systems have problems providing services in urban areas because of the lack of signal levels required to penetrate the building.

The objects and advantages of the invention

The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of communication satellites, known from the prior art, by the use of relatively inexpensive miniaturized microelectronic means for the implementation of most of the functions provided by existing communications satellites on small platforms connection is lighter than air. In particular, a lot of balloon is lighter than air, forming a set (constellation), designed to deliver the microelectronic communications equipment into a layer of Earth's atmosphere called the stratosphere. The weight of these platforms is about 100-1000 times less than the weight corresponding microsatellites Launched currently not on geosynchronous orbit. For ease of reference, aerial platforms for placing telecommunications equipment or balloons carrying a payload of electronic communications and control equipment will be referred to as "stratospheric nanosatellites" or abbreviated to the SNA. In the metric system the prefix "nano" refers to units 1,000 times smaller than with the prefix "micro". Creating SNA eliminates the need for the delivery of missiles satellites into orbit. Synchronized air running multiple platforms SNA spaced geographical locations ensures the formation of economic constellation. SNS platforms rise after launch to a controlled value controlled, where they migrate within the geographic area according to atmospheric and the stratospheric weather conditions and particularly depending on the wind. SNS platform can be raised or lowered in height due to the gas supply or discharge of ballast for distribution in accordance with the prevailing wind flow, preferred to maintain a uniform distribution of the SNA in space. Platform can be quickly deflated if they are no longer needed. Additional launches of additional platforms will help fill in the gaps surplus arising in the constellation of satellites.

Existing user equipment designed for terrestrial wireless communications can work with the SNS system of the present invention. However, this is not the case for the traditional industry of communication satellites as a satellite connection is very removed from the user (at a distance of over 22,000 miles for satellites in geosynchronous orbit), which leads to a very weak signal that can not be used without specialized user equipment or satellites move at very high speeds relative to the users on the ground (more than 36,000 miles / hour for low earth orbit satellites) causing frequency errors in the receiver. SNS platform is, most often, at a height of about 175 miles (280 km) with respect to the user on the ground, depending on the altitude and the radial coverage range from the particular platform of the plurality of platforms for coverage of a particular geographical area. Moreover, the airborne platforms move at speeds close to the speed of the car (from 0 to 80 miles / hour at an altitude of drift in the atmosphere). Compatibility with existing wireless communications systems is an important advantage because when deploying a new communications system user equipment investment are the maximum total investment needed.

In contrast, high costs to the deployment of new equipment and systems orbiting satellites, the present invention provides an economical alternative, which does not require the creation of new subscriber equipment. Thus, the advantage of the system is improved SNA SNA network to transmit messages, which is compatible with standard unidirectional and bidirectional pagers, already exists and is already used by network transceivers located on the radio tower. Even without the deployment of SNA, according to analysts of the market, by 2003 there will be 35 million users, is compatible with the standard two-way pagers. With the cost of, for example, $ 100 per unit, this corresponds to the investment of users more than 3.5 billion dollars. These users can be provided according to the invention improved overlap of network SNS platforms as an extension of their existing services, simply by selecting the payment of monthly tariff and the tariff for use. Thus there are no costs for the new user equipment or training; there is no need for users to change their habits and forcing them to use more than one pager or other communications device as is the case with current satellite pagers.

In addition, SNA system according to the invention, when performing advanced messaging uses a communications protocol or protocol paging, which is accepted internationally. Possibilities of international communications for the new system at least equal to the potential for the United States. The system can use the SNA and other popular paging protocols. Applications The system also provides, in addition to paging and other communications procedures, such as remote imaging, infrared scanning, equipment tracking and weather data collection.

For the National Agency of Meteorology (NWS) will also be advantageous to consider the use of the SNA, according to the present invention, as a replacement of the current system, capable of providing the required information for the NWS in the process of lifting platforms SNA. About the Global Positioning System (GPS), available from the SNS platform, can provide the desired information about the wind conditions, which is necessary for the NWS NWS and which can not provide. Existing equipment for starting, NWS used, can even be used as SNS launch stations, tracking and communicating. After lifting and transfer to the NWS weather data platform will then be operated in the process of drifting on an adjustable height to provide other commercial communications services. NWS probes may be removably attached and dropped as ballast after the ascent is complete and the payload to the transmission NWS. Clip radiosondes could use exactly the same sensors as are used in current radiosondes in order to keep the compatibility of these data with those of modern radiosondes.

The inventive SNS network is uniquely provides coverage of large areas and the use of allocated frequencies on a national, and in the ideal case, on an international basis. Profitably distribute the frequencies allocated to the system of the SNA in a national or international scale, because of the large circular coverage areas of each of the SNS airborne platforms. Lapped use the same frequency without time multiplexing the signals most likely cause interference at the receiver. The system will work optimally in the frequency range defined by the spectrum of "narrowband personal communications services" or spectrum NPCS. Moreover, NPCS industry in the US has already agreed on a standard protocol for bi-directional transmission of messages "ReFLEX" (a trademark of Motorola, Inc.). ReFLEX is a protocol that uses a multiple access, time division multiple access (TDMA). ReFLEX protocol is an extension FLEX protocol, created by Motorola, and is a synchronous protocol, comprising 128 frames in 4-minute cycle. The beginning of each frame is coordinated on a national scale with the use of Global Positioning System technology (GPS) to synchronize. This allows sharing the same frequency in the SNA network of the present invention and existing terrestrial satellite networks by simply using the allocation of a certain number of frames to each network during each four-minute cycle. Thus, the inventive SNS system can operate on their allocated frequencies and in conjunction with terrestrial systems on the same channel, without overlapping of their signals. It is a feature of the TDMA mode and will preferably be implemented in the new system of the SNA.

Although the system preferably uses TDMA FLEX and ReFLEX protocols, SNA system according to the invention may also work using other systems such as a system of code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, multiple access, frequency division (FDMA). The system of code division multiple access (CDMA) spreads the digitized data across the available frequency band. A plurality of data streams are overlapped with each other in the channel (this method is sometimes referred to as spread spectrum technique), with each datastream assigned a unique (uniquely determined) code sequence. Although the unambiguously defined code sequence can provide a very efficient use of available bandwidth, however, this method is complex and costly to implement. The FDMA system assigns each datastream its own frequency. Although this provides a system which is fairly easy to implement and that is relatively economical in terms of equipment cost, it nevertheless leads to a very inefficient use of the available bandwidth.

The protocol used by ReFLEX 128 discrete time intervals or frames in a 4-minute cycle. SNS system may use its own frequencies or it may share the time slots with the carrier paging channel partner. TDMA system used according to the protocol ReFLEX, makes efficient use of bandwidth. It is characterized by a certain complexity and costs associated with certain equipment. However, the complexity of the problem can be solved through the use of high-speed microprocessors, and equipment costs have yet to be cut.

A frequency at which the ReFLEX protocol breaks each four minute cycle of 128 time slots or frames, can be used in conjunction with other SNA system paging antennas and terrestrial radio towers that may have overlapping geographic coverage. One pager may be able to receive broadcast transmissions from multiple platforms and terrestrial radio towers, but because each platform or radio tower with adjoining coverage areas is allocated a specific frame or specific frames, the pager "hears" only one transmitter in each time slot. The object of the present invention to provide a construction of communications platforms or which may be dynamically assigned new frames for transmission as platforms drift in order to allow reception of the pager transmissions from only one transmitter in the same frame.

Thus, the present invention is to provide dynamic reassignment of time slots so that at any given time or at any location one platform may have a greater number of available time slots than another in order to provide greater throughput platforms, which may require a higher bandwidth. Dynamic frame allocation (or dynamic capacity allocation), is a difficult task. At any time when the number of frames assigned to one platform, all other platforms that have overlapping coverage with said one platform lose access to the frames that belong to them, and therefore lose capacity. Nevertheless, the ability to have dynamic frame allocation will facilitate maximizing capacity of the entire system by efficiently using all available time slots to their maximum data capacity while minimizing allocation of time slots or frames in geographic areas with low bandwidth requirements of communication.

Furthermore, although the ReFLEX two-way communication protocol, using TDMA as described above is preferable, but the present invention is also to ensure that the SNS system could be compatible with other paging protocols. For example, three other major protocol paging include FLEX, POCSAG, and ERMES. Minutes FLEX, which is a one-way paging system protocol, the protocol is a precursor ReFLEX. POCSAG protocol is earlier paging standard for one-way communication, and therefore less effective. Nevertheless, most pagers in the United States is still compatible with the POCSAG protocol, despite the fact that the FLEX protocol provides higher immunity by

with respect to noise, higher throughput and is becoming the standard in the US and abroad (except Europe) for one-way paging. ERMES paging protocol is the European standard for one-way paging (currently supported at the governmental level). SNS system could also be configured accordingly with regard to its electronic circuits to provide processing of communication procedures according to ERMES protocol, and therefore allows to adapt for use in the European conditions.

In contrast to most voice and paging networks of communication, where many different protocols are used in a wide range of frequencies, the system NPCS contains almost continuous set of frequencies that are used in the scale of the state, and in which licensees nationwide narrowband PCS systems adopted a protocol FLEX / ReFLEX.

According to the present invention, the system benefits from the SNA national compatibility of frequencies and protocols so that it can relatively easy to operate on all channels NPCS, owned by any or all of the national companies providing telecommunications services, if the need arises. Minimum level of government regulation on the fringes of NPCS allow SNA, which was unknown at the time of the creation of regulatory systems NPCS, function bands NPCS, without violating current regulations. As licensees of NPCS essentially acquired ownership rate when sold at auction, and the system according to the invention of the SNA can compatibly use the same frequencies with permission from the buyer, additional licenses from the FCC may not be needed. This unique feature also saves two or three years, the initial steps that may occasionally be required to obtain separate licenses.

As briefly described above, in addition to minimizing the cost of overcoming barriers in the field of state regulation of the new SNA network it has a huge advantage in that it does not require any new specialized user equipment. It is expected that there will be of the order of 6-15 million units of compatible user equipment operating off existing terrestrial networks. They can easily be added to the new SNS system using inexpensive system programming and thus receive more enhanced and better territorial coverage areas provided by the constellation of airborne platforms drift communication in accordance with the present invention. With regard to the channel system NPCS carrier, the new system can provide complete communication coverage, particularly coverage in remote from the center of the sparsely populated regions.

Since the owners and users of the existing communication equipment can receive the expanded coverage provided by the present invention through their existing bearer, the decision to expand coverage can be as simple as a mark of the corresponding field in their monthly bill. They may retain their current paging company, and simply add the service to cover remote areas, maintain the SNA. No new equipment is needed and does not require an initial time of development characteristics of the new electronic device. This is simply improved coverage for the user without changing the user equipment.

An important advantage of the inventive SNS network is the significant improvement consisting in the full territorial coverage of remote regions. Currently, wireless data coverage service implemented by separate portions corresponding to populated areas, primarily around metropolitan areas. SNA system operates in conjunction with the existing coverage areas and fills the sparsely populated areas of low volume traffic communications, all of which are using the same subscriber device. Government regulation systems NPCS requires minimal rework system for all licentiate. For example, by 1999, the system NPCS, which provides services for the licentiate nationwide, must serve at least 37.5% of the US population, or 750,000 square kilometers of territory, but by 2004 NPCS licensee must service at least 75% of the US population, or 1,500,000 square kilometers of territory. As the population is highly concentrated, the old system required the construction of radio towers to cover a very small proportion of the total area. In fact, the minimum requirement to cover the territory in accordance with the requirements of the public service in 1999 and 2004 corresponds to about 8% and 16%, respectively, throughout the United States, because of the very high density of population in the cities of the United States. For example, providing services to 90% of the population requires the company providing the service, expanding by about 20% of the total area of ​​the country. Service areas of low population density is more expensive for previous systems because transceivers for radio towers have a small range, which leads to the requirement of a larger volume of equipment per potential customer. Thus, few companies providing service, a system that can provide the service for more than 90% of the population, due to lower income. Many existing companies that provide wireless communication services, provide services for only about 70-80% of the population.

The present invention is intended to provide essentially 100% coverage of the service and can be compatible with existing systems and networks, wireless communication, so that geographical areas with high population density covered by the maintenance of existing paging companies, and remote areas or areas with low population density, where they nor were within a continuous geographical area covered by an SNA according to the invention. SNS system is complementary to paging systems for areas with a high density, using radio tower. Thus, even though the SNA has a lower total bandwidth signal processing, as compared with the systems for areas with high population density, using the radio tower, it provides full territorial coverage, so that the subscribers residing or traveling in remote areas, providing additional service coverage provided by the system of the SNA. Subscribers are always in the service area paging system or other compatible communications services using a communication device. SNS system may also reallocate capacity on a regional basis by launching more SNS platforms or redistribution of frequencies used dynamically among the neighboring platforms.

SNS system also has, in addition to the personal paging, other applications, including voice, remote imaging, infrared scanning, equipment tracking and weather data collection. Phones broadband system PCS (BPCS), which appeared on the market in the last year, providing an improved service to send short messages (SMS). Claimed SNA can perform paging subscriber phone when the phone is out of range of the BPCS. Hauling BPCS voice system may also be compatible with the SNA. Another potential application of the technology is the market SNA Remote Imaging. Government planners cities, farmers, specialists in environmental protection, land use, mapping - all in its activities based on aerial or satellite imagery. Globally, this market exceeds 1.4 billion. Dollars. Since the system of the SNA more than 20 times closer to the subject than a satellite system of the SNA can provide a resolution of about 1 m when using a lens with a diameter of 0.75 inches. Weather data obtained as a result of prolonged stay in the stratosphere can be collected and transferred SNS platform, while current radiosondes do not have the possibility of continuous adjustment Spent coast (drift).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a set of (constellation) small airborne platforms with a ground network communication terminals start tracking and communication. Although the entire system is described primarily in terms of communication, implemented in the form of a paging system, other types of communication such as voice communication, the service of traffic safety on highways, a service of search and rescue, emergency medical assistance, remote imaging, environmental monitoring, monitoring of industrial and utilities, remote asset management, data transfer photographic, infrared scanning, tracking equipment, tracking of wagons and containers, the security service vehicles, services, personal safety, control of hazardous materials, security of international transport, ensuring the safety of children, monitoring of live nature, the transfer of personal messaging, communications for people with disabilities, SCADA (Administrative control and data acquisition), communication with the transport truck and tracking of cargo transportation and many others adapted for the use of means of communication. In the form, as used herein, paging includes traditional one-way paging as well as newer advanced messaging services (such as two-way paging and voice messaging). The collection of airborne platforms and ground communication system for supporting expanding the limited coverage of modern paging networks to provide complete coverage of all communication is geographically continuous region. For example, in the United States provides a truly nation-wide communication coverage. Terrestrial systems using radio tower used currently provide coverage within buildings required in urban areas while the SNS System provides coverage bond rural with low population density. Thus, the subscriber can use the full communication with nationwide coverage using the same paging device. The system according to the invention provides this with a set of evenly distributed high-altitude aerial platform communication, for example, paging transceivers to balloons, as opposed to traditional systems of land of radio communications, covering only a limited area, or as opposed to very expensive orbiting, with low or high orbits, satellite communication systems.

To form the aggregate air communications platforms, paging transceivers are attached to lighter than air carriers, such as high altitude balloons similar to those used service NWS, but modified to provide an adjustable altitude control using methods such as pressurization gas discharge ballast. Media lighter than air or a ball probe and attached communication device herein called the term "nano-satellites stratospheric platform" (SNS platforms). For coating continuous geographic area that includes the continental United States, SNS platforms may be launched periodically at regular intervals or as needed from approximately 50-100 launchers distributed throughout the United States. These launchers (launch station) may be selected to run on transceivers balloons designed for lifting at adjustable height of the drift in the stratosphere in the range of 60,000 to 140,000 feet. It uses computer-controlled height adjustment and computerized tracking. SNS platforms are regulated to maintain a desired altitude within a predetermined altitude range, for example, in the stratosphere over the Earth, as they drift along with existing air currents. New SNS platforms may be launched to compensate for gaps that may occur in the coating area, when the platform drift at different speeds, as they loose buoyancy or randomly fail. New SNS platforms may also be launched to provide additional communications services, to the extent of such needs. Newly launched SNS platforms can collect, record and transmit meteorological data during the ascent to the height-adjustable. These data can be transmitted by radio to the ground to use the service NWS. Process modeling and forecasting network coverage SNS platforms on a continuous basis is a difficult task because of the constantly changing weather conditions. This is facilitated by using the weather data recorded and / or transmitted to the ground for predicting the movement of individual platforms relative to each other and relative to ground launching and tracking terminals. These data can also be used to control the altitude of individual SNS platforms to adjust in accordance with the preferred prevailing air currents to ensure fill coverage gaps. Each satellite is drifting at stratospheric altitude will have coverage of the radio line of sight with a radius approximately equal to 175 miles (280 km) in all directions from the antenna, hanging beneath it, and forming part of a communications platform.

The ground system supporting a plurality of SNS platforms forming the aggregate is composed of at least one network operations center (SSC) and a plurality of launching and tracking terminals. SSC is preferably a center of high-speed, large-scale, computer operations and communications system of the SNA. SSC can perform all functions related to aspects of the flight control and the functioning of each platform SNA communications. These control functions include the launch platform, determine the height of the coast (drift), tracking, paging messages and control signals, communicating with partner paging companies. Typically, the SNS ground terminals include launch facilities, tracking and communications equipment and communication antennas. Located next to the launch station and ground terminals may preferably correspond to the existing positions for the location of the equipment run about 70 balloons service NWS, which are intended for national monitoring of meteorological conditions. These weather stations exist and are maintained in accordance with existing treaties is essentially a global scale. These ground terminals may be automated. Portable or mobile ground terminals and start tracking may optionally be used to fill in anticipated coverage gaps that may form between the overlapping circular coverage areas drifting platforms. These portable or mobile launching and ground terminals may be moved in the tracking depending on the season, to provide additional launch sites as being stratospheric air flow change on a seasonal basis. They must most probably be located along the coastline or the edges of the coverage area. Ground terminals can advantageously track a number of SNS platforms drifting near their location and can provide the ascending and descending link for all data transmissions, including paging and control data, to each platform within range of the terminal. Paging signals from Subscribe paging company may be sent to the SNA through SSC. The NOC determines which SNS platform is currently over the addressed pager and sends the paging message to the ground terminal, which monitors the platform SNA. Ground terminal receives a paging message from the NOC and relays it to the SNS platform. SNS platform then transmits the paging message on the downlink to the individual pager. Any message transmitted bidirectionally pager is received nearest SNS platform and relayed on the downlink to the ground terminal. Ground terminal transmits a message to the NOC, which relays the message to the relevant company, providing services to subscribers paging. SSC supports maintaining all billing information and subscriber location information. The system is preferably designed SNA interoperable protocol FLEX (one-way pagers) and also ReFLEX protocol (two-way pagers) without requiring changes to the pagers. Equip- ment run as combined by location service starts with equipment NWS, and separately located at other selected ground position, can consist of a fully automated launcher and ground terminal. One ground terminal may control multiple SNS platforms at any given time. Landline satellite link, the communication link between the platforms between the balls probes or other network links connecting one ground location to another may be used to connect stations start and ground terminals to each other or the NOC.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the invention are explained in the following description, claims and drawings, in which like reference numerals denote like elements and in which:

FIG. 1 - schematic representation of a plurality of airborne platforms representing a continuous set of platforms over a geographic area, launch facilities and communications terminals, networked together with a network operations center through ground lines or, alternatively, via satellite communications signals;

FIG. 2 - magnified image set airborne platforms, a single moveable launch sites and ground terminal with network communication channels with the network operations center for a plurality of ground terminals and personal communications devices;

FIG. 3 - schematic representation of communication channels from the platform to the ground terminal, switching from one ground terminal to a next ground terminal;

FIG. 4 - schematic representation of communication channels between the platforms with subsequent transmission to ground terminals and to a network operation center (SSC);

FIG. 5 - a schematic representation of communication channels from the platform to the satellites for providing network interconnection with the network operations center (SSC);

FIG. 6 - a schematic representation of the topography of the network channels such as "Star" (central station);

FIG. 7 - a schematic representation of the topography of the cellular network channels (cellular) structure;

FIG. 8 - a schematic representation of a continuous geographical area, in particular the United States, with stations kite SNS platforms, illustrating the following areas of the original cover, superimposed on a map of the geographical area and demonstrating coverage of the line of sight for each SNS platform such that substantially all of the geographic reception area covers a range of one or more aircraft platforms;

FIG. 9 - a schematic representation of an example of migration of airborne platform after a period of height-adjustable coast aerial platforms also show launch station to fill the gaps in coverage that may be provided by mobile launchers, to supplement and complete continuity of coverage with additionally launched airborne platforms of communication;

FIG. 10 - a schematic side view of an airborne platform in which a gas-filled membrane is lighter than air, such as a spherical probe attached to the housing to accommodate the control electronics, communications devices, sensors and a meteorological data gathering container;

FIG. 11 - enlarged partial cross-sectional view of an airborne platform, including the control and communications unit attached to the shell filled with gas lighter than air or ball probe according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 - a side view of a partial cross section of the air control and communications platform of FIG. 11, according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 13 - a side view of a partial cross section of an alternative embodiment of the air control and communications platform in which an alternating power source comprising a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is used instead of the battery embodiment of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 (FIGS. 14A and Fig. 14B taken together as one complete drawing page occupying two) - block diagram of an electronic circuit for control, measuring and communications, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description of the Invention

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of part of the aggregate (constellation) and communications network system 10 according to the present invention showing the airborne platforms 12 (a) - (g), which have reached the desired height in the range of altitudes, such as in the stratosphere. Also shown is an airborne platform 12 (b) during the ascent to the desired altitude. Each airborne platform comprises a gas-filled envelope 14 (a) - (h) is lighter than air, the apparatus 16 (a) - (b) and the platform management and communication antennas 18 (a) - (b). Communication signals transmitted between platforms and ground terminals are schematically represented as a 20 (a) - (u), respectively, for communication with a plurality of ground communication devices such as radio signal receivers, transceivers, transmitters, pagers 22 (a) - (u). Attaching a plurality of terminals 24 (a) - (d) start and tracking, each of which has a plurality of tracking antennas 26 (a) - (g). Ground terminals are broadcast messages and control data between the SNS platforms and the NOC. Preferably the ground terminals can operate automatically, requiring only a power supply and communication signals. The ground terminals consist of a set of transmitters and receivers and their controller, tracking antennas and a tracking controller, redundant communication links with CSDs and backup power supply. To account for the potential of finding several platforms within range at any given time, provided of 4 to 6 separate transmitters, receivers and tracking antennas. Suitable commercially available transmitters, controllers, transmitters and receivers for the SNS ground terminals supplied by Glenayre, although they may require some modification. Tracking antenna 26 is schematically shown in conjunction with a variety of platforms that realized signal 28 (a) - (g). The ground communication network 30 is interconnected segments 30 (a) - (d), shows the interaction of the stations 24 (a) - (d) start and monitoring center 40 and network operations. Network Operations Center 40 may also communicate with a plurality of terminals 24 through launch and tracking orbiting satellites 32 and satellite antenna 38 (a) - (b) launch stations and satellite antenna 42 network operations center. For purposes of illustration, the terminal 24 (c), the launch and tracking is co-located with a launcher airborne platforms 44, similar or the same as the launcher balloon service NWS. In one aspect, the present invention provides for the use of the mobile terminal 46 and the start of tracking, for example, stand-alone unit mounted on a cargo trailer. The mobile launcher can be transported to the desired location of the launch, to park there and to ensure the launch of additional SNS platforms. Terminals 24 tracking and communication may be connected to the network through landlines 30 (c) and 30 (d), as well as to other launch stations and to the network operations center 40. The mobile terminal launching and tracking can be moved periodically from one location to another location to launch and / or track the additional SNS communications platforms 12 as needed to fill gaps in coverage that might arise due to weather conditions.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the mobile terminal 46 start SNA FIG. 1, illustrated schematically with respect to platforms 12 (f), 12 (g) and 12 (e), which form part of the set of platforms. The mobile terminal run SNA communicates with the network operations center 40. Furthermore, FIG. 2 shows a range of desired altitudes 50 defined by a minimum desired altitude 48 and a maximum desired altitude 52, each altitude measured relative to sea level 54. In a preferred embodiment, the predetermined range of altitudes is defined minimum required height on the order of 60,000 feet and a maximum desired altitude of about 140,000 ft. These altitudes generally correspond to the Earth's stratosphere or range of stratospheric altitudes 50. Further, FIG. 2 shows the cover 56 in the gap between the spaced platforms 12 (g) and 12 (e) schematically represented as a spatial separation distance 56, which is considerably greater than the desired distance 58 between the spatial diversity platforms 12 (f) and 12 (g). In another preferred embodiment, it is assumed that platforms will be regulated to ensure their drift within a predetermined altitude range of between about 70,000 feet and 100,000 feet, will have a coverage radius of approximately 175 miles (280 km), will be higher than the regulated commercial standards airspace and below altitudes at which platform survivability less likely. If the distance between two adjacent platforms in any direction is greater than about 1-1.5 radius of coverage, it starts to appear in the coating gap. In such circumstances, or run additional SNS platform with the stationary launch station or mobile unit 46 startup can be moved along the ground to a location substantially between the two spatially separated platforms 12 (f) and 12 (g), so that the additional platform 12 ( h) may be launched for rapid ascent to the desired altitude range 50. Computer modeling based on the tracking of all the platforms 12 in conjunction airborne platforms 10 may be used to predict the dynamics of the formation of significant gaps 56 in coverage and rapidly deploy mobile launching units to fill these intervals. In the case where a stationary launching and tracking terminal is in a location for launching more SNS platforms, the mobile unit is not required.

FIG. 3 schematically shows a platform 12 (i), migrating under the influence of air flows in the connection switching position 12 (ii), as shown in dashed lines. The position shift due next ground terminal 24 (e) takes over the functions of tracking and communication and maintains control of as the platform moves, passes the position 12 (ii) and over terminal 24 (e).

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the connection between platforms with subsequent transmission to ground terminals and network operations center (SSC).

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of channels of communication between satellites and space platforms for network interconnection to the network operations center. This is advantageous due to reducing the number of ground terminals or dropping of some of them, since the platform can directly communicate with the NOC through satellite links.

FIG. 6 schematically shows the topology of network links of "Star" (i.e., using a central station). This is advantageous because it requires fewer physical communications channels and generally requires less expensive equipment than alternative network topologies.

FIG. 7 shows a schematic topography of a cellular network communication channels (honeycomb) structure. Its advantage is that the cellular structure topology provides multiple redundant links to other parts of the network, further improving reliability.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a continuous geographic region 100, particularly the corresponding United States. At stake is a geographical area of ​​100 imposed 70 selected standard launch sites represented by the "+" 101-105 (only some of them are numbered). Also schematically represented 201-205 area coverage (also numbered only some of them) representing the position and coverage of each of the platforms 101-105 as they reach the desired height, preferably in the stratosphere. Each platform is very small compared to existing satellites in geosynchronous orbit so that they are designed to coast on an adjustable height in the stratosphere and are called "stratospheric nanosatellites" (SNA). Fields 201-205 cover shown in FIG. 4 assuming a relatively vertical ascent from the launch sites 101-105. Areas 201-205 cover will move with time under the influence of wind and weather conditions in a particular area. However, the climb to stratospheric heights required typically takes one to two hours, so that the drift under normal airspeeds of less than 10-20 miles / hour, even passing through the jet stream, if present, will cause a relatively small drifts of the order of 10-80 miles in any direction during the ascent. Thus, with respect to the distance of 175 miles (280 km), coverage radius represents a case of a circular coverage area having a diameter of about 350 miles (560 km), the amount of displacement for a short period of time under standard wind conditions of 10-40 miles component It indicates that the station is run for a reasonable approximation of the initial position at the maximum height at end of rise.

Platforms or balloons (balloons) 12 provided with altitude control mechanisms, including a pressurization gas of low density and high density ballast reset, allowing the balloon controllably maintained at the desired height in the desired range of heights. Heights can be maintained for 12-24 hours, which corresponds to the modern graphics NWS launch balloons - two launches per day. Unless NWS launching schedule is used, the height of the balloon can be maintained for 100 hours, depending on the gas used for the lifting power and ballast remaining on the balloon 12. In the case of NWS balloons, currently used balloons self-destruct avoid excessive expansion when they reach altitudes of over 100,000 ft and exceed the height after meteorological data is collected and transmitted to the ground during the ascent. In the case of balloons acting as carriers for the communications platforms, the platforms can be supported at a predetermined height, preferably less than 140,000 feet, and more preferably less than 100,000 ft. And will continue to migrate under the influence of air currents in the upper stratosphere. Network Operations Center (SSC) can transmit a command to SNS platforms to rapid folding or undermining, in the case of the balloon 12, when the platform is no longer required, if it came down to an altitude below 60,000 feet and no more ballast, if it drifts above junk territory or failure happens. The platform may initiate this if any of these conditions, and if you lost contact with ground terminals. Preferably, the wind conditions must be determined in the process of lifting and they must continue to be monitored during the monitoring ground stations. This will facilitate predicting the appearance of any gaps in coverage that might be expected and, in particular, the location of such gaps and the number of ground communication devices or pagers that need to be serviced in the area of ​​the gap in the coating appearance.

FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of the geographic area 100 after a certain interval of time migration during which can begin to arise significant intervals. Mobile units may be positioned at temporary launch sites 171 and 172 are formed to fill the gaps 56 (b) and 56 (c). Thus, where the predicted appearance of gaps in the vicinity of standard launch sites, such as at position 105, an additional platform may be launched from the launch station 105 before the usual regular launch time period. Thus, gap 56 (c) may be filled by an additional launch. Similarly, regionally located mobile launch sites may be used to fill the gaps as they arise. In case of such a configuration is detected gap, additional temporary launch sites 173 and 174 may be added to provide compensation for the recurrence of, for example, gaps 56 (d) and 56 (e). Temporary launch sites may be made on a seasonal basis to fill gaps along the coastline in the direction of the wind corresponding to a particular season, such as the West Coast at the time of the winter season.

FIG. 10 is a schematic side view of the platform 12 in an embodiment in which the low density gas-filled shell is preferably a balloon 70 made of latex. Balloon Totex 1000 filled with hydrogen, helium, natural gas or another suitable gas or gas mixture having a low density and internal coating to reduce gas diffusion adequately provides communications SNS platform ascent. Balloon Totex available with a diameter of five and one-quarter feet and inflated to a diameter of 24 feet at a height of 140,000 feet. It should be noted that other lighter than air membranes such as balloons, dumplings, air craft, dirigibles, weather balloons, spheres, balloons with hot air, etc. may be used instead of the latex weather balloon 70 shown in FIG. 10. Also, the diameter of the cylinder 70 in Fig. 10 is not drawn to scale, and full weight of the platform will include a container payload 300, pressurization mechanism 72 for height control, meteorological equipment container 82, antenna 76 and cable 84 connection to the container meteorological equipment. Preferably, cable 84 is a fiberoptic cable having a length of about 25 meters, so that the container 82 for collecting meteorological data is sufficiently removed from the cylinder 70 to minimize the effect of turbulence caused by the balloon on the data of meteorological measurements made by instruments container 82 meteorological equipment. The fiber optic cable 84 is used to transmit weather data from 82 meteorological equipment in the container unit 74 of communication. Fiber-optic cable is used due to the fact that the use of wires could cause the arc due to the high electric potential when passing through the storm clouds.

There are many types of shells that are filled with a gas lighter than air, in particular balls, which can be used in the present invention. Among the potentially preferred types of balloons includes rubber pressure balloons, zero pressure balloons, balloons with internal air chamber with adjustable volume balloons and super high pressure cylinders. Each of these cylinders has different advantages and disadvantages and, for purposes of this invention, it is found that the rubber pressure balloon is most preferred and is thus regarded as a preferred alternative. Preferably, such containers 14 may be coated on the surface, preferably on the inner side, as schematically indicated at 15 in FIG. 10 using a material with low permeability, e.g., by applying sealant in the liquid phase, which retains elasticity after application.

The rubber pressure balloons have a stretchable rubber membrane containing the carrier gas, which ensures an increase in the volume of the container, as the external air pressure decreases as the lifting cylinder. This is the most common type of weather balloon, it is also compatible with the appointment under consideration. The main advantage of the ordinary type of weather balloon is public, so that high quality balloons of this type, such as weather balloons, are available at low cost. These cylinders are somewhat fragile and are required to be treated with care, as well as short-lived. Furthermore, the use of such balloons requires release of the transport gas to prevent rupture at the maximum volume.

The cylinders contain zero pressure initially empty pouch, usually made of plastic, such as polyethylene or Mylar. By decreasing the pressure of the external air bag increases in volume. After the cover has reached its full volume, the gas must be released, otherwise the balloon will burst as the cover material is not stretched. Although this type of balloon may be more reliable than the rubber balloons and provide less diffusion of the lifting gas, it corresponds to moderate costs exceeding the cost of the rubber cylinders about 4-10 times. Thus, although the rubber balloon might be more preferred for low cost platforms, the zero pressure balloon also provides an effective means for lifting the platform to the desired height and has certain advantages over the rubber pressure balloons.

Cylinders with internal pneumatic chamber comprise a resilient balloon containing air enclosed in a fixed volume balloon containing a conveying gas. Air is pumped into the inner elastic cylinder that compresses the conveying gas enclosed in a fixed volume balloon, thereby decreasing the overall rise. The air discharged from the interior of the flexible balloon to increase lift height. Balloons lifting height is adjusted using this principle. This type of balloon has certain advantages, since in this case there is no loss of a transport gas, and the design of potentially more secure than in the case of a rubber balloon, but it is more expensive, in view of the additional cylinder, the pump and the additional power required to actuate a mechanism for increasing and reducing lift.

Cylinders with adjustable volume are of fixed volume filled with a conveying gas, and a mechanical means of reducing the volume of the container. By reducing the volume of the conveying gas is compressed and the lift amount is reduced. The volume can be reduced by using various means, including an adjustable line inside the balloon from the neck of the balloon to the top of the cylinder. When the line is shortened, volume decreases. The conveying gas is not discharged to reduce the lift amount, and therefore the balloon may be more reliable than rubber balloons. However, it has a significantly higher value in view of mechanical means to reduce the volume and, moreover, requires extra power for driving the mechanical means of reducing this volume.

Ultra-high pressure cylinders have a fixed amount. They are called the ultra-high pressure balloons because they do not extend to a decreasing ambient pressure equilibration. They are made strong enough to withstand the increased pressure. These balloons can achieve extremely long time drift, since they do not require the release of gas to avoid rupture of the envelope, and they typically have very low membrane gas diffusion. This type of balloon corresponds to the highest cost, although one of the most reliable, with little loss of the transport gas. Extremely high cost and difficulty of manufacture and the lack of developed technology of producing such cylinders indicate that other alternatives are currently more attractive.

Antenna 76 for transmitting signals from the device 74 is stretched connection is preferably vertically downward and is preferably collinear grating with approximately 6 degrees downward inclination to provide uniform coverage of the transmission and reception over the entire circular coverage area. Antennas 77 may be preferably provided with a support loop 86 to facilitate stabilization of antennas and connecting cable 84 meteoobrudovaniya container. Also shown in FIG. 10 shows the mechanism of destruction of 78 of the cylinder 80 and a parachute to save the communication device 74, when the balloon is destroyed by a controlled mechanism 78, or the destruction of natural causes.

FIG. 11 is a partial front sectional view of an embodiment of a communication device 74 according to the present invention. Has a housing 300 of the payload comprising an inner container 302 and outer insulation 304 of the polystyrene surrounding the inner container 302. Within the container 302 is a circuit board 306 on which are mounted various electronic components interconnected to provide signal transmission and remote control of the platform for as needed. Section E consists of a radio frequency (RF) unit, antennas, GPS signal receiver, processor and power regulators. The RF unit is designed as a low-cost transmitter and receiver unit modern two-way pagers. The transmitter power is increased to 7 watts. One collinear dipole array antenna at the frequency of 900 MHz is used to perform functions such as transmission and reception. Additional antennas can be added for gateway RF channels to terrestrial terminals if additional frequencies become available. Possible frequencies include the band at 400 MHz or 1680 MHz frequency allocated for meteorological equipment. If the system SNA also collects weather data for the NWS service and the data is transmitted in the band of weather systems, it is possible to transfer an additional gateway graphics with weather data. 12-channel GPS receiver in conjunction with the processor provides the positioning information for NWS during ascent and to SSC SNA throughout the flight. SSC uses this information to determine the location of SNS platforms, to determine failures or gaps in the coating and to carry out adjustments by changing the height of the locations for the preferred speed and direction of air currents.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 11, and a partial side view in cross-section, as shown in FIG. 12 shows the power source connection device 74 in the form of a plurality of small-sized high-power batteries 308 (a), (b), (c) and (d). The platform may require a power supply of 3 to 8 W depending on the message traffic and the platform configuration. Batteries for LiSO2 are effective from the standpoint of cost and weight, and have good performance at low ambient temperature, as occurs at high altitudes. Batteries placed in alternating positions spaced to the maximum density per unit volume layout maintained below established requirements to maximum density per unit volume, as determined by the federal aviation safety standards. Low density per unit volume and the low overall weight of the payload provide what ballooning is not limited to the norms regulating FAA (Federal Aviation Administration). For example, to facilitate the preservation of security platform as it is lifting the communication system uses a plurality drift freely in the air space platforms, as represented in claim 1, wherein each such platform is preferably a freely flying an unmanned balloon and the body of the payload and its content is preferably have a total weight of about 6 pounds or less. External surfaces will have predetermined areas and the weight to size ratio will preferably be kept within no more than three ounces per square inch on any surface of the housing of the payload and the container weather instrument when it is attached to the platform. The ratio of weight to size is determined by dividing the total weight in ounces of the payload or container attached to the free balloon by the area in square inches of the lower outer surface of such payload or container.

In the housing 300 of the payload platform 310 has a lower opening through which the connecting cable 84 is connected to meteorological equipment releasable cable connector 312 to the board 306 within the container 302. The antennas 76 are attached to the antenna connection 314 located at the bottom opening 310 so that the signals received or transmitted through the antenna 76 may be transferred to the board 306 or on board 306. Meteorological data from fiber-optic cable 84 may be received and processed in components of the board 306 and transmitted to the ground terminal 24 through antennae 76. To facilitate detaching the container meteorological equipment at unintentional impact, the fiber -Optical Cable desirable to separate from the balloon after the shock load of 50 pounds or less. The active antenna stabilizers 316 are provided for braking and damping motion antennas 76 so as to perform normal transmission and reception of signals. To facilitate height adjustment aerial platforms 12 and 74 attached block housing 300 communication payload includes a camera 320 Ballast storage, which put the ballast 318. Ballast 318 is preferably easily move loads - lead shot, metal balls or spherical glass beads that can be controlled way released, for example, via valves for deballasting, for example, slide gate mechanism which moves alternately between an open position in the chamber 320 of the ballast and then to the opening 324 for discharging the ballast, so that ballast can be emitted from the bottom opening 310 as schematically depicted numeral 326. For convenience and to avoid resource consumption battery during storage and transport provided for manual activation of the switch circuit 328.

Top housing 300 payload is a shank 330 for connection of the balloon having a distal upper portion 332 of the neck, on top of which is connected an elastic connecting neck 334 of the cylinder.

Coupling bottle neck is formed with dimensions that ensure a tight fit to the shank, is stretched and moved down to the thrust shoulder 336 to secure in position by means of one or more dense rubber bands 338. For convenience, the storage channel 340 is provided below the rubber bands thrust collar. A rubber band is stored in a position for fastening of "fresh" (source) is lighter than air balloon envelope 70. Preferably, balloon 70 will be filled with helium (He), hydrogen (H2) or natural gas through valve 344 filling the light gas, which is preferably located above the shield cup 342 which shields the body payload and some of its components from rain and other precipitation. Valve 344 filling the lungs is provided for ease of connection with a reservoir for supplying a light gas such as helium or hydrogen balloon, so that the inflatable balloon is attached at its neck 344 to the shank 330, and fill gas can then be supplied in a desired amount into the attached enclosure or balloon . The tube gas pressure sensor 346 communicates between the interior of the liner for transmitting the internal pressure in the gas tank to the sensor 348, connected to the electronic circuitry on the board. The gas temperature sensor 350 is attached and desirably positioned at or above the upper edge of the neck 332. The conductor temperature sensor 352 transmits a signal representing the temperature corresponding to the circuit board 306. The sensor 354 also includes outside air temperature sensor 356 and ambient air pressure, connected to transmission of the measured temperature of the external air and the outside air pressure measured at cost. Battery temperature sensor 358, temperature sensor 360 and payload orientation sensor 362 may be coupled to plate 306 to provide information and input for remote control and maintenance functions for the airborne platform 12 using the circuit 306. The data collected from the gas temperature sensor 350 , the temperature sensor 354 of the external air inlet tube 346 of the gas pressure sensor 348 and pressure sensor 356 external air is used in part to determine when the balloon is in the close state of discontinuity. The device 364 heating and cooling is connected to control the internal temperature of the body payload. As soon as an air platform is lifted to great heights, the outside temperature drops very significantly, and the interior of the container, it is desirable to heat using heat generated by batteries or the heater 364. If the heat from the batteries enough and added to it, such as bright sunlight, the internal temperature may rise to above the desired operating temperature, then the cooling device 364 of the heating and cooling can be activated to maintain the desired operating temperature range. Heating and cooling device may be a Peltier element.

In order to adjust the height of the cylinder, and in particular, to prevent continuous rise above a desired value of the lift amount, a bypass valve 366 for light gas. Spring 368 maintains the bypass valve 366 in a normally closed position. The drive rod 369 is attached to valve 366 and a valve actuator wire 370, to open the valve, overcoming the spring load. Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) wire may be used as the actuator wire 370. Bypass valve 366 opens for light gas, overcoming the spring load, when a small amount of current passes through the NiTi-wire, causing it to compress or shortened by a predetermined amount, so that the bypass valve is opened, allowing the release of the gas is lighter than air. Actuator rod may pass through the upper part of the container 302, preferably through a seal 371, so that the interior of the container was not directly open to the other elements. Damper ballast chamber 322 can be operated in a similar manner using the NiTi wire-actuator 372 deballasting. The active antenna stabilizers 316 may also be provided with a NiTi-wire.

Wire discharge control circuit 374 of a weather balloon may also be made of NiTi and can be used to disconnect the weather balloon after the completion of the meteorological data. Typically, weather balloons are destroyed after passing a distance approximately equal to 10,000 feet. In this case, the release will be a certain amount of the light gas to hold at a stratospheric altitude for the desired period of time. Destruction mechanism 78 can be operated remotely by means of the pointed end 378 of the rotary lever damaging to ensure the fall of the platform. Destructive lever 376 is spring-loaded to ensure quick turn to be brought into contact with the outer surface of the ball when the pin 386 retention / detachment groove 384 is output from the hold / disconnect. Pin 386 may preferably be controlled via wire 388 the control circuit activatable by appropriate electronic circuits board after receiving the remote control signal via the antenna 76 or from the processor. Also provided within the platform GPS signal antenna 390, connected to the board, for receiving location information from the GPS satellite system, to provide tracking platform during its motion and drift over continuous geographical coverage area.

FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of an alternative embodiment of the platform according to the present invention in which a power supply circuit for communication and control of a fuel cell 400. Fuel cell 400 may be in a preferred embodiment, a fuel cell proton exchange membrane for the generation of electric power using hydrogen and oxygen. This type of system requires the use of a tube 402 for connection with a source of hydrogen, such as connecting the balloon 70 with a gas lighter than air with a fuel cell 400. The inlet opening 404 is provided with a hydrogen circulator 406, the hydrogen, which may simply be a fan 406. Thus, using hydrogen tube, hydrogen may be extracted from the container and introduced into the fuel cell 400. Also, there is an outlet 408 for hydrogen, which is recycled, returning back to the tank. Sensor 410 in the hydrogen pressure tube for adequate control of the partial pressure of hydrogen in the fuel cell. The fuel cell of this type also requires an oxygen supply that may be provided by attaching an oxygen balloon 414 to an oxygen tube 412 so that the oxygen cylinder located inside the shell of the hydrogen cylinder. The oxygen balloon is constructed so as to maintain the oxygen at a significant internal pressure. Oxygen cylinder 414 may be attached to tube 412 with a rubber band 416 and an oxygen pump 418 moves and provides additional oxygen from the oxygen cylinder charging system 414 to the fuel cell through an inlet 420 for oxygen. Again, a process is provided for regulating the oxygen pressure sensor 422. The reaction in the fuel cell results in the formation of water as a byproduct. Water is maintained in the liquid state by the heat generated by the fuel element, and preferably merging before it can freeze at the high altitudes at which the platform operates.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a SNS platform hardware contained within the payload casing 300 placed on the circuit board 306 or connected thereto. The processor 430 receives electrical signal input and provides electrical signal output, interacting with a plurality of components for regulating the altitude, temperature control, control Rupture, discharge of ballast, etc. platform and for receiving, processing and transmitting communication signals received and transmitted from the ground stations, personal communications devices or other information. Block 432 is a battery or a fuel cell 308, 400. Block 434 is a switch 328 on / off switch for supplying power to the power supply control circuit 436 with the available output power 438. For clarity of the drawing, the individual power connections to various operational and control devices for all occasions not shown. Power is supplied to the sensor unit 440 and power supply voltage supply current sensor 442 which supply information to an analog to digital converter (ADC) 444. The analog-to-digital converter also receives information from the power meter 446, and battery temperature of the fuel cell unit 448 forming samples the gas temperature and the outside air, and a block 450 measuring the pressure of the gas. Additional analog informational signals are generally represented by block 452. The digitized information is supplied and received by block 454, "flash" - a memory block 456 and random access memory (RAM). Using information from the ADC 44, and from the block 454 "flash" and-memory block 456 of RAM processor has access to all input data control. In the process of lifting platform SNA container meteorological equipment, represented by block 458, receives the appropriate weather information including temperature ambient air (460), an external pressure (462) and external humidity (464). Stabilization of the antenna (316), represented by block 496 may be based on the orientation of the sensor information that is part of the SNS platform control system (466) for stabilization of the antenna 76. The information measured or collected in a container meteorological equipment 458 is transmitted, e.g., with via infrared transceiver 468 through a fiber optic cable 470 corresponding to the physical fiber optic cable 84 and a processor infrared transceiver 472 by which serial meteorological data is transmitted to the processor 430 for appropriate transmission to ground terminals during the ascent SNS platform with attached container 458 meteorological equipment. GPS antennae block 474, corresponding to physical GPS antenna 390, communicates through a GPS signal receiver 476, illustrated as a serial port and further synchronized with a GPS clock signal or a second mark at block 478. Thus, the location information at specific times is applied to the processor. This location information is coordinated with other input weather data to determine wind speeds anywhere on the rise, thereby establishing a correspondence between the wind speed with specific values ​​of height and geographic location in the process of recovery.

The transmission of information is controlled by the processor 430, preferably using a signal as a transceiver at a frequency of 900 MHz and a modem 480 and gateway transceiver 482 and modem collinear antenna array 484, interconnected through a diplexer 486. The control information received collinear array antenna 484 is transmitted through a diplexer and one of the transceivers on the appropriate frequency to the processor 430 with input information received from the signals of terrestrial stations, and together with the input information from the onboard sensors provides ADC 444 location information obtained from the signal GPS, time information 478 GPS and information 466 orientation sensors, and is used to control various functions of the SNS platform. Also reset the ballast is controlled in the block 490 corresponding to the physical drive 372 reset ballast. Reset container meteorological equipment controlled schematic block 492, the respective drive 374 Reset container. Management Rupture indicated by block 494, the respective drive 376 destruction. Stabilization of the antenna can be carried out in accordance with the control represented by block 496, mechanism 316 appropriately stabilize antennas. Temperature control of the payload, both heating and cooling, can be controlled by schematically represented by block 498, corresponding to heaters and coolers 364. Additional functions as may be additionally included, are provided with control means represented by block 500.

Other variations and modifications of the invention may be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the disclosure in the present specification, in this connection it should be borne in mind that the scope of the disclosure should be determined only by the broadest interpretation of the appended claims.