Mobile and portable bidirectional/broadcasting satellite communication system

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates generally to satellite communications systems and, in particular, to a satellite communication system having orbital and ground part providing the broadcast and the terrestrial and orbital portions effecting mobile communications.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION By the methods using satellites cellular telephone communications have been extended to the most remote parts of the Earth, thereby providing many new subscribers access to various telephony services. These satellite systems may be regional due to the geostationary orbit (GSO) (GSO), or global communications with non-geostationary orbit (GSO) (NGSO). Two examples of non-GSO satellite systems can be given the Iridium system (IridiumTM) and Globalstar (Globalstar TM), which can be called a system of global mobile satellite communications SGSMS (GMSS).

Direct broadcast services (MF) (DTH) broadcast services to provide, such as television programs, transmission of which is usually carried out with the help of satellites GSO. In contrast SGSMS system or the system of regional mobile satellite communications (SRSMS) (RMSS) are designed so that they are high-performance communication system, such as cellular communication systems, providing a direct voice and data for users of mobile and portable communications. In order to maximize the number of subscribers in the system SGSMS, throughput data rate provided by the subscriber tract typically limited by relatively low-speed transfer data (such as 2400, 4800 or 9600 bits per second) and generally use digital voice signals with high compression .

In order to ensure the use of the same RF channel by multiple users, these systems typically use multiple access with time division (TDMA) or code division multiple access (CDMA).

Satellite system to GSO and NGSO have substantially different parameters for its operation. Such as the time propagation delay to SGSMS with NGSO systems are of the order of about 9 ms to 100 ms, while encoding and decoding operations can contribute to an additional delay of up to 100 ms. For GSO satellites having a greater height of the orbit, propagation delay is 250 ms plus a delay of encoding and decoding, which can increase the delay up to 350 ms or more. Furthermore, the existing bandwidth systems SSMS (MSS) (satellite mobile communication systems) is limited due to a small range of the spectrum allocated for this purpose. However, satellite broadcasting services has already been optimized for commercial TV with full motion and high-speed transfer of data, and are distinguished by high-performance communication channels satellite earth that can provide service using parabolic antenna with a diameter of 18 to 24 inches.

The analog or digital TV signals can be fed in several ways communication earth station-to-satellite, called feeder line communication which converts the signal to digital form (and may further compress the signal) and then transmits it to the GSO satellite. GEO satellite performs frequency conversion of the signal, amplifies the signal and relays it to a wide service area where it almost simultaneously receiving a plurality of receivers located in the service area. In addition to the above-mentioned propagation delay of 250 ms, it may be an additional delay in digital to analog conversion of the signal. The converted signal is then fed into a conventional television receiver or high definition television set (HDTV) (HDTV). In general, the bandwidth for these broadcast services is large compared with the bandwidth SGSMS.

So far, satellite mobile communication system and satellite broadcasting developed in parallel, each optimized for its own purposes. Terrestrial systems with hardwired communications and wireless communications systems, such as cellular systems and personal communication, develop and optimize for voice data, and in particular for data transmission PC. Meanwhile, use of the Internet becomes widespread, with him at the same time permanently connected millions of subscribers. Currently being developed ways to combine voice services and data to the Internet, as well as commercial television. In fact, it is expected that the usual notion of "tone to dial a phone number" will soon be merged with a new concept called "tone to the door of a global network."

It is expected that future systems will SSMS use traditional communication methods combined with television (such as a telephone with the transmission of images), and they will use the Internet or its successor. Personal computers are becoming smaller in size, more efficient and faster, will be combined with wireless communication systems, which will lead to the creation of an integrated system of communication and computer. A common thread among these services is the subscriber himself and the growing use of wireless subscriber telephone, personal computer and the Internet.

Currently, however, the subscribers of mobile communication systems are lagging behind the use of the Internet due to the inability of these systems to provide a subscriber path or a high speed data channel. As a result, the subscriber having long delays in the reception of input data received in response to subscriber requests. However, subscribers systems MF lag in the use of the Internet compared to the mobile users and the mobile communication due to the inability to create a line connection earth satellite from the user to the transmitting satellite and from it to the transmission station Internet Service Provider (ISP) (ISP) or service broadcasting. As a result, currently many users may have three or more individual subscriptions for subscription services, one for communication with the cellular voice and low speed data, one for TV MF and one for connecting to the Internet.

Prior to this invention there were no satisfactory solutions to these and other problems.

OBJECTIVES AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION The first purpose and advantage of this invention is to provide a satellite communication system, which overcomes the above and other problems.

Another object and advantage of this invention is to authorize and provide access to the subscriber terminal user, providing access to a cellular connection with the transmission of speech and data at a low speed for broadcasting and high-speed Internet connection to transmit data.

Yet another object and advantage of this invention is to provide a hybrid communication system, characterized in that the orbital and ground part, providing broadcast and orbital and surface part providing mobile communications, like cellular, operate together, providing subscribers high-speed data connection, a low-speed connection for data and voice communications.

Another object and advantage of this invention is to provide a hybrid communication system, characterized in that it is used in a satellite communication system to GSO together with the satellite communication system to GSO and the hybrid communications system is optimized to use the advantages of each part of the satellite system.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Methods and devices according to embodiments of the invention provide a solution to the above and other problems, as well as the goals and advantages of the present invention.

In a hybrid satellite communications system using at least two satellite links, which may be due to the system of regional GSO and global communications system to GSO. When they are combined in accordance with the theory of the invention, a hybrid system, with the same architecture can provide services to the entire population of the Earth's various signals with optimized latency and high quality.

In accordance with the present invention to provide efficient access to Internet services, interactive television, and other services for users of mobile and fixed communications, one or more relay satellites having a higher orbit, such GEO is combined with a satellite communication system to GSO, eg system having a low-Earth orbit (LEO) (LEO) and medium earth orbit (MEO) (MEO).

Combining the functionality of different satellite systems, particularly when used for mobile communications, a method determines the presence of the user identification and method permit the user access to various networks. In addition, it provides an opportunity to set an acceptable payment for access to the frequency band and provides versatility one subscription. A satellite cellular communication, which has a highly developed system of identification, registration and identification of mobile communication while moving (roaming), provides a tool that allows the user, even when traveling, access to services broadcast communications.

Thus, this invention provides a communication system that includes a first satellite communication system that provides communication services in the terrestrial broadcast service area; a second satellite communication system that provides two-way communication services in the terrestrial service area; a bidirectional communications link between said first satellite system and the second satellite communications system; and terminal users located in the terrestrial service area. The user terminal having a transceiver served by the communication system through the second satellite communication system, and, moreover, has a receiver for receiving a broadcast service from a first communication satellite communication system in response to a request for the service.

Next, a method and system for connecting data processing devices to the Internet. The method includes the steps of: (a) communicate the data processing device to the transceiver satellite communication, such as satellite phones, and the satellite receiver, (b) provide a functioning data processing device so that it makes a request for provision of Internet services which is transmitted via the transceiver satellite to a terrestrial gateway via at least one satellite to the geostationary orbit and relay the request for Internet service from the gateway to the object of the Internet, which must comply with a request for the provision of services, such as assembly worldwide "web" (WWW). At the following step is performed on request services by transmitting data from the Internet in the object data processing device through the path extending through or at least one non-geosynchronous orbit satellite and the satellite transceiver, or satellite in geostationary orbit and satellite receiver. Selection of the particular path can be performed on the basis of at least one characteristic feature of data, such as the urgency of data acquisition, or the amount of data to be transferred. For example short messages and the answers can be transmitted through the system of communication with the satellite and non-geostationary orbit satellite communications transceiver, and the transfer of the file and upload web pages can be carried out via a satellite in geostationary orbit and satellite receiver.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The foregoing and other features of the invention will become more apparent upon reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a block diagram of a satellite communication system of the first embodiment of this invention.

Figure 2 shows a set of satellites in GSO and GSO, serving with different geographic position terrestrial service area, which are connected together via terrestrial communications network voice and data.

3 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a user terminal in accordance with the principles of this invention.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a user terminal device installed in a vehicle, according to a further aspect of this invention.

5 is a block diagram of a satellite communication system of the second embodiment of this invention.

On each of the figures 6A-6A illustrates an embodiment of the system architecture and shows the relationship between the communication satellite systems NGSO and the broadcast GSO satellite relay station with the supply line connection, a terrestrial gateway and the terminal part of the user.

In each of the Figures 7A-Fig.7Z shows the operation of the system for the broadcast communication.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the relay station supply line connection, shown in Figures 1 and 5.

9A-9E are flow charts of the logical operations for explaining the operation of the broadcast communications system, wherein FIG. 9A-FIG. 9D depict various log on operation and identification on Fig.9D illustrates session establishment broadcast 9A illustrates a method of initializing a communication session in duplex mode, a broadcast / interactive communication on the operation system Fig.9Zh shown for duplex session broadcast / interactive communication on the operation system shown Fig.9Z for broadcast-only session, and Figure 9 shows the operations performed to complete the broadcast session.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the overall structure of a satellite communication system according to the present invention for the first embodiment thereof. The diagram shows two sets of satellites, and one set is located at a higher orbit than the other. For the convenience of the system, having a higher orbit, called together at GStO that has one or more of the broadcast satellite 1. The second set is a collection of 7 to GSO, which has satellites 7A of the NGSO. The collection relay satellite is higher than the NGSO constellation 7, and may have a geostationary Earth orbit (OEG) (GEO), medium earth orbit (MEO), or be on a variety of high circular or elliptical Earth orbit (BOO) (HEO), and may be For example use satellite orbits "Lopus" (Loopus), "Ace" (ACE), or "Lightning", or any other suitable orbit. Although the collection of high orbits will hereinafter be referred to as a geostationary system, but in accordance with this should be borne in mind that this invention is not organichivaetsya using only hop satellites having GSO. The set of 7 with a lower height may be any set of orbit configurations, but generally employed inclined circular orbits or polar orbits. However, it can also be used together with the elliptical orbits of satellites, or a combination of elliptical and circular orbits. In general, the orbit 7 together with low height need not be inclined but may instead be equatorial, polar, or have any other configuration, including geliostatsionarnuyu. Thus, although the following description the NGSO constellation 7, the combined low-Earth orbit (LEO), which uses an inclined circular orbit of less than 2000 km, the invention is not limited to use of only this particular type of aggregate GSO, which may also be used, for example medium earth orbit (COO).

Suitable types of satellite systems, LEO, which can be used to implement this invention are described in U.S. Patent 5,619,525, "Power control feedback for the satellite communication system from a low Earth orbit" ("Glosed Loop Power Control for Low Earth Orbit Satellite Communication System ) P.A. Wiedemann (RAWiedeman) and MJ. CITES (MJSites); US Patent 5,448,623, "Satellite telecommunications system, a gateway to the network co-ordination and co-operating with the system ground communication" ("Satellite Telecommunications System Using Network Coordinating Gateways Operative with a Terrestrial Communication System ") RA Wiedemann (RA Wiedeman) and PA Monte (PA Monte); and US Patent 5,303,286," System roaming wireless telephone / satellite "(" Wireless Telephone / Satellite Roaming System ") R. Wiedemann (RAWiedeman), but the invention is not limited thereto.

At least, at least one relay satellite 1, located on GEO located at an equatorial orbit and is able to radiate energy in the radio frequency range to a desired service zone 2. The relay station 3 supply line connection (BFS) (BFS) is positioned so that it could close the communication link with the relay satellite 1, located on GEO. This link is called here the supply line 4 broadcast satellite Earth. BFS 3 may be within the service area 2 or outside it. The inlet line 5 broadcasting satellite earth satellite 1 connects to the user terminal 6 within the service area 2. The satellite constellation 7 having NGSO is at a lower orbit than the satellite 1, located on GEO, and as described above, can be system with the DOE.

Point to point communications link station, also referred to as a gateway 8, it is placed on the earth's surface so that it can close the communication channels and satellite constellation 7 having NGSO and to the user terminal 6 located in the service zone 2. Gateway 8 creates supply lines 9-way communication satellites 7A of the aggregate 7 satellites with GSO. At any given time in the field of view naho gateway 8 is typically two or more satellites 7A of the NGSO. Consequently, the gateway 8 has at least one, but generally more than one set of equipment and communication antennas. The set of satellites NGSO 7 performs retransmission of data lines 9 via a supply connection to the terminal 6 and from the user, using two-way communication line 10 to serve the user. Bilateral communication can take place through a single satellite 7A or, preferably, through two or more satellites 7A in the zone of visibility, in order to be able to perform diversity combining of signals in the user terminal 6, in order to avoid delays, shading and attenuation link. Likewise, in order to provide diversity, a plurality of relay satellites in geostationary orbit may include two or more satellites 1. Gateway 8 may be connected to a public switched telephone network 11 (PSTN) and, consequently, with other terrestrial systems 12 cellular networks with terrestrial mobile communications (SNSMSOP) (PLMNS) or private networks 13. In a preferred embodiment, the gateway 8 and BFS 3 is connected to the ground line 14 through intersystem communication. This communication link can be specifically allocated for this purpose, or may be used by means of the PSTN 11. In another configuration, the terminal device 15, the intra-line communication is in communication with the BFS 3 via an additional line 16 intra radio. In a preferred embodiment the line 16 pass through a set of communication satellites in geostationary orbit, but for this purpose can be used by the NGSO constellation 7 or another satellite system in LEO, MEO or TTU.

Total system control and distribution of resources is the control center of ground services (GOCC) (GOCC) 17 and the operation of the satellite control center (Zürs) (SOCC) 18. These centers can be centralized or divided into several regional centers. The gateway 8 and the relay station 3 connected to the feed line connection to the GOCC 17 via the GDN 19, data (NSPD) (GDN).

BFS 3 is connected to one or more Internet service providers (ISPs) 20 or other broadcast service providers 21. In turn, the ISP 20 typically connects to the "World Wide Web" (WWW) of the Internet 50 via the PSTN 11 and provides many services to the user.

Many different service areas and sets of the foregoing equipment can be connected to the network. 2 shows an example of a worldwide network populated areas where the continents subdivided into, for example, three service areas A, B and C. In other embodiments, the entire area of ​​the Earth's surface can be divided into service areas, including the oceans. In general, a service area correspond geopolitical boundaries, which include country or sub-regions within countries. A service area may serve a number of countries or may be performed a plurality of joint service coverage areas of individual gateways 8. Not all service areas necessarily include broadcast apparatus shown in Figure 1 (for example, the BFS 3).

In the example of Figure 2 three sets of equipment are shown, but as explained above, it may have a plurality of such sets. Set A and set B comprise all types of equipment (gateway 8, BFS 3, ISP 20), while set B does not include the broadcast equipment (e.g. BFS 3). As described above, the different apparatus connected to each other through the PSTN 11 and the Internet 19 NSPD 50. It is shown that the GOCC 17 is associated with the set and the apparatus, but it may be located anywhere in the network.

You can use many types of user terminal 6 that can interact with the system established on the basis of a combination of the operation of bilateral links, like cellular and combined with them and receive-only satellite communications links-Land for broadcast. 3 shows an example of one embodiment of a user terminal 6 suitable for interconnection to the Internet 50. In this example the user terminal 6 includes a satellite cellular telephone 22 (ESP) (SCT), which is connected to the computer 23, for example with a laptop computer or directly connected to the interface unit 24, a broadcast connection (BIU) (BIU). The SCT 22 includes a transceiver that can transmit RF signals to the satellites 7A of the NGSO constellation 7, and receive RF signals from them. BIU 24 is provided with a RF receiver for receiving transmissions on the satellite link 5 Earth from a satellite in GEO 1, and in addition, it provides a logical interface with the BFS 3. The BIU 24 is equipped with a broadcast receive antenna 25 which may be movable or rotatable , which is used, for example, an optional satellite navigation unit 26, facilitates the BIU antenna pointing at the satellite 1 having GSO. Receiving the signal supply line 5 broadcast communications satellite Earth from the BFS 3 by satellite 1 having GSO (or another height of the orbit), while the line of two-way communication between the gateway 8 and user terminal 6 is set via the NGSO constellation 7, using Line 22. CCT talkback enable the user terminal 6 to perceive a hybrid system, and they can also be used to receive data through the NGSO system when receiving data from the system to GSO is performed. Also shown is a video receiver 6a, such as television, which in accordance with the principles of this invention, the desired TV program from the BSP 21 (broadcast provider) (BSP) can be sent via the BFS 3, broadcast satellite 1, and BIU 24.

Using the data embedded into the header information, or otherwise added before or after, the BFS 3 determines whether a response in the form of data packets or files sent by the lines 9 and 10 two-way communication through a communication line with a lower speed and lower delay extending via the NGSO constellation 7 (e.g., LEO) or instead send it via satellite links 4 and 5, the broadcast having a high speed but longer delay. Transmitting data containing a lot of graphic information, formatted data and sending long files, generally carried out through the lines 4 and 5, the broadcast having a high speed and the transmission of responses, small files and short commands from the ISP 50, which are delay-sensitive , carried out through the two-way communication through the lines 9 and 10 are carried on a non-GSO. Since the location of the user terminal 6 is known, the BFS 3 can perform computations of various geometries and distances and determine the link the actual delay for message delivery. If desired the BFS 3 can coordinate message delivery to the user computer 23 via internal buffer or any otherwise performing delay of one or more responses so as to provide the data acquisition computer 23 in an expected, logically correct time sequence.

Now it will be given a typical example of the operation of one embodiment of a user terminal 6 in terms of the login procedure. After unpacking the user terminal 6 and its mounting user indicates his approximate location. This location can be obtained by using navigation means such as GPS (Global Positioning System) (GPS) or "Laurent" (Loran), maps, zip code by introducing a computer program 23, dead reckoning, or any other means. In any case, using the approximate latitude and longitude and knowledge of or an estimate of the zone in which the service is a user of the computer 23 or from a lookup table, published in the instruction manual, or by any other suitable means of user receives about the azimuth and elevation angle 1 satellite in geostationary orbit. The user then either manually or automatically orients the broadcast receive antenna 25 to the signal from the satellite 1, located on GEO using embedded electronic and mechanical devices, such as pointing device, part of the satellite navigation unit 26. Sputnik 1 can emit a signal that helps the user to carry out this process. For all of this procedure can be used a method similar to that employed subscribers television MF for the detection and tracking of the satellite communication link from the satellite-Earth MF. For example, it can be used to control lamp BIU 24, which gives faster or bright flashes when a signal is detected and taken to the accompaniment.

Note that the above procedure can be avoided if the BIU antenna 25 is an omni-directional or omnidirectional antenna. However, in this case it is necessary to transmit one broadcast satellite more powerful RF signal.

In any case, once the broadcast signal is detected and is taken to support, in the circuit of the BIU 24 performs waveform capture and identification of the satellite 1, which is induced or which is tracking the BIU antenna 25 of the satellite 24. The identifier is transmitted to the computer 23 or any other means displayed on the BIU 24, and it indicates that the BIU 24 is active and ready for operation. Thereafter or in parallel with the user activates the SCT 22 for transmission of a request for access to the network. SCT 22 detects and takes the support of a set of seven satellites in GSO, generates a service request, given the numbers of the possible gateways and transmits this service request. Then the system to GSO (gateway 8) determines the user's location. Those gateways 8 that receive the user's request to access the service, check the location of the user, which gives a 22 FTAs ​​(which can be used in the optional satellite navigation unit 26), or obtained by triangulation, using known methods. In any case, if the SCT 22 is within a gateway's service area 2, that gateway begins the process of verification of the right to access, while other gateways ignore the user.

It should be noted that the terminating network gateway, such as that described in the aforementioned U.S. Patent 5,448,623, may also be used to provide the user terminal 6 a certain terrestrial gateway 8 (or, respectively, itself).

In any case, both the gateway 8 queries various data base using the identification number (ID) SCT 22, which was transmitted along a service request (or other means), to determine whether the user terminal 6 at the original location, or moved. Furthermore, it may be used BIU identification number. The gateway 8 then sends the user the serving gateway number, and if necessary - the timing information and the timing of and other information required for the tracking system to GSO. Meanwhile terminated one or more processes confirmation to access and perform input identification number SCT 22, the location and allowed services for the SCT 22 in the home location register (HLR) (HLR) in a database or register guest location (DDM) (VLR) according to received from the gateway the HLR or the HLR of the user. The gateway 8 then forms a ready message to the service, and through one or more satellites 7A of the NGSO constellation 7 transmits it to the SCT 22 which in turn can display the results on one or more of the SCT 22, at the BIU 24 or the computer 23. The user can then send requests to the provision of additional services, order telephone calls, send or receive faxes, and request or activate a variety of other services, including Internet connection 50 for two-way communication with low speed through a conventional telephone modem 23A of the computer 23 .

In accordance with the essence of the present invention to provide a fast internet connection with a potentially lower cost to the user and / or receive improved services, the user can send a request to be granted the supply line 5 broadcast communications satellite Earth. To obtain permission to use the line 5 broadcast communications satellite Earth, the user sends a message to the resolution broadcast communication to the gateway 8 via the SCT 22 and lines 9 and 10, two-way communication on the GSO. Transmission of messages may be carried out together with a special signal from the keypad SCT 22, or with the information message, establishing a program in the computer 23 or with the message elaborated by BIU 24. Upon receipt of a message containing a request for permission to broadcast service, the gateway 8 proceeds to processing the request. This authorization procedure may be performed by recording a service request to the gateway 8, or the user can dial the BFS 3 and send the request directly to the BFS 3. Assuming that the first case and that, after checking the user is allowed to receive the broadcast communication line, The gateway 8 sends a message over the intra-line data 14 (or through line 16 by intersystem data radisvyazi) to the BFS 3. This message contains a user ID, which may include the SCT 22 ID, and / or other information about the type of equipment available (i.e. is, speeds of modem type BIU 24, etc.). It may also comprise a user identifier ISP 20 and a list of available services.

Considering now the operation of preparation for work in the BFS 3, it is believed that the message of the request for service is received from the user and performed various processes. These processes can include the additional provision of the right to access and / or verification of user passwords (if required). Other processes include the verification of available resources on the satellite 1, and determining at what repeater satellite frequency or channel must tune, as well as what part of the baseband transponder or channel or set of frequencies in the transponder or channel or set of frequencies to be used. At this stage the BFS 3 may also, if desired, to obtain confirmation of the identification of the ISP 20. After receiving the user identifier and the service request to the BFS 3 to determine whether the user is a registered subscriber of the station, the subscriber may check either in its own database, or user location register (HLR) (ULR), which can be a guest or register home location of the user (or GAMP Rimpi) (VULR or HULR). If the user is not a registered subscriber, in this case the subscriber may be a subscriber of one of several ISPs connected to the BFS 3. If this is the case, the message may be generated and transmitted to the call through the ISP 20 landline or satellite link, or other means. May be carried out an additional check, notification of availability of service, or other functions, and then (if necessary) the message is transmitted to the BFS 3 to provide the service. Finally, various forms of communication resource allocation and to permit the broadcast and return them to the gateway 8 over terrestrial or satellite links 14 and / or 16 intersystem communications for transmission to the user terminal 6.

The gateway 8 then sends the identification number of the corresponding broadcast satellite 1, and other synchronization information to the SCT 22 via the NGSO constellation 7 through lines 9 and 10 two-way communication. SCT 22 receives this information after demodulation and decoding transmits it to a computer 23 or the BIU 24 which, in turn, determines whether the serving satellite 1 by the same satellite tracking which carries earlier user in an automatic or manual mode by BIU 24. If the satellite identifier coincides with the identifier that is stored in the BIU 24 or the computer 23 in real time, the user terminal 6 provides user acoustic or optical signal (or both) that support the grip broadcast system carried out and it is in standby mode to further validate the right of access. If not, the user is informed that he had been found "wrong" satellite, and then the user can manually or automatically change the guidance broadcast receiving antenna 25 to monitor the required satellite in GEO 1. In an alternative embodiment the SCT 22 can transmit a message requesting the allocation of one another satellite in GEO. Reacquisition on the support of another satellite in geostationary orbit 1 can be facilitated to the user by means of computer software 23. Then, BIU 24 sends a signal to re-capture to support and notifies the user of system availability. The BIU 24 or the computer 23 forms a ready message and sends it to the SCT 22 which transmits the ready message to the gateway 8 signifying that the user terminal 6 is ready and has implemented the grip tracking pilot signal or tracking signal from the correct BFS 3 via satellite 1 GSO.

Then, after receiving the message from the BFS 3 to permit the gateway 8 starts a maintenance mode bidirectional communication. Grant message may include the following information items: confirmation signal resolution, the resources of the satellite in GEO to use for broadcast reception (e.g., number of transponder channel number, modulation type (if necessary)) and any other information about the link device BIU 24 for interfacing with the satellite relay 1. After receiving the gateway 8 message (s) to permit the gateway 8 starts in the mode of telephone / Internet access, the connection to the Internet using standard TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) or other relevant reports.

To start communication, the user performs an action either by selecting it in a computer keyboard, a mouse click or other means, or by choosing from the BIU 24. In any case, a service request to start a communication session and transmits it to the SCT 22. The SCT 22 then sends this message to the gateway 8 via lines 9, 10 two-way communication via satellite to GSO.

The gateway 8 then sends to the BIU 24, data that besides any other information about the link required BMSHS 24 to provide access to the feed line 5 broadcast communications satellite-to-ground, for example, the code of the time window for the TDMA timing and other information include For example, information about the broadcast satellite transponder and channel. This operation can be performed either after established bidirectional communication line, or it may be performed prior to establishing a two-way communication using paging channels and access control between the gateway 8 and user terminal 6 via the NGSO constellation 7. The gateway 8 then sends information about the line is two-way communication to the SCT 22 using standard procedures for the NGSO system. It may include channel assignment (assignment of channels) for the FDMA, the number (s) of the time window for TDMA, code (s) for diversity spectrum CDMA satellite identifiers, numbers of antenna beams, etc., as well as any other information, required to establish two-way communication lines via the NGSO constellation 7.

Upon receiving the supplied parameters for signal / two-way communication lines and data lines provided to broadcast the SCT 22 performs parallel or sequentially two tasks. Firstly, it moves from its operating frequency at a frequency set provided for two-way communication, and then performs synchronization with the signaling link 10 satellite earth and / or otherwise captures it to accompaniment and transmits a success message by the gateway 8 to line two-way communication. Second, the SCT 22 sends the broadcast link information to the BIU 24 transmit either by computer 23 or through a direct connection (not shown in Figure 3). BIU 24 uses the information submitted to it for capturing the desired signal supply line 5 broadcast communications satellite tracking on Earth. BIU 24 then delivers the signal to the computer 23 that the BIU 24 to trap and ready for communication. Then, the BIU 23 or the computer 24 generates a message to the SCT 22 which in turn transmits the ready signal to the reception to the gateway 8 via the NGSO constellation 7. Then all blocks go into standby mode, waiting for the team to start communication.

Upon receiving a session start command communication gateway 8 creates a message to the BFS 3 indicating that the user terminal 6 is ready to proceed. Then connects the computer 23 modem 23A with the ISP 20 for two-way transmission suitable for modem data rate. This process may take several exchanges of messages using the SCT 22, the satellites 7A, gateway 8, the intra-connection line 14 and the ID of the BFS 3, which has a connection with the ISP 20 or other providers of other information. Then set the data rate for the modem 23A, which is limited by the speed of data transmission through bi-directional communication, and the user terminal 6 is ready to start work. An optional acknowledgment signal transmitted by the gateway 8 can indicate to all units to begin the communication session by transmitting a signal along lines 10 talkback. After receiving the ESP command 22 to start communication, and transmit them to that command to the computer 23, the user terminal 6 notifies the user either an audible signal or visually or by both methods that he may begin the session. Then all units go to standby mode to start communication.

Using computer software 23 to access the ISP 20, the user starts a session Internet a conventional manner, and if the user has not been registered at ISP 20, then - by keyboard input or an external input device (for example, paddle "mouse") instruction set, which can include a user name and password. This information is digitized and transmitted from the computer 23 to the line 10 via the bidirectional communication SCT 22 using the non-GSO satellite (s) 7A, and from it (them) - the gateway 8. Upon its reception gateway 8, and after an optional determining operation position, lies in the fact that it is determined whether the user terminal 6 is still within the service area 2, the gateway 8 sends the user information through the communication line 14 intra or intra radio line 16 to the BFS 3 and from it - to the ISP 20. The ISP 20 identifies a user, if it has not done so previously, and establishes a session by sending a data frame in the initial BFS 3.

Then, the user starts an interactive session. Initialization commands / or data transfer can carry out both the user and the ISP 20 can initiate commands and / or data to be sent via an internal or external command generation. If the initialization command and / or data transfer next user, then they are sent over the NGSO constellation 7 to the gateway 8 thereof - to the BFS 3, and from there - to the ISP 20. If the initialization command and / or data transfer to the user carries ISP 20 then they are sent to the BFS 3, and from it - to the dispatcher 3A answer (to) (RM) for a decision on the routing of a file or message. Next to 3A decides whether the response is urgent. If - yes, the answer is sent to the gateway 8 for transmission to the user through the network NGSO 7. If the response is not urgent, then it is sent to the user via line 6 4.5 broadcast.

Now consider various commands and / or data routing is initialized by the user. The source of the command initialized by the user, the BIU 34 is a computer 23 or some other device connected to the BIU 24. From these commands and / or data forming the message is broken into packets and prepare for transmission. Packages are attached to the data stream and sent to the SCT 22 for transmission. SCT 22 sends a message to the gateway 8 via a set of satellites NGSO 7. The gateway 8 then sends the information to the BFS 3 which in turn transmits it to the ISP 20. A usually forms a communication device external network (e.g., node information) or other means, or an internal network means at the ISP 20. However, in any case, both external and internal network transmits a response to the BFS 3. The BFS 3 receives the response and forwards it to 3A to the BFS 3. Manager 3A responses using various algorithms, makes a decision regarding routing of the response in accordance with the threshold values. Usually urgent response sent to the user via the NGSO constellation 7, and non-urgent answers - through the line 4.5 broadcast.

Data and / or response files that have the label that they are urgent, marked as intended to issue and implement them immediately send to the device processing the responses gateway 8. The gateway 8 receives the response and sends a command and / or data through a set of 22 FTAs ​​7 at GSO. SCT 22 receives a response through the line of two-way communication and provides it to the BIU 24 and / or the computer 23 for further work. The BIU 24 or the computer 23 checks for a stop command to the communication session, and if present, the user BIU 24 or the computer 23 initiates a stop command communication sessions. If the stop command is not the communication, the system enters standby mode further commands and / or data.

In the case of non-urgent commands the data and / or response files that have no label, they are urgent, directed to non-urgent responses processing device where the data type is analyzed and checked various parameters of the incoming data to determine if not exceeded the threshold value. Then decide on the routing of the response. Small files or data for which agreed that their transmission is preferably carried out through the NGSO system 7 are marked as intended to be transmitted via bilateral lines 9, 10 NGSO communication. The data is then sent to a processing device replies the gateway 8, where the process continues as previously described. Large files or data for which agreed that their transmission is preferably carried out through the broadcast system are marked as intended to be transmitted through the line 4, 5 unidirectional broadcast. The data is fed into the processor BFS Earth satellite, combined with the flow-Earth satellite and then carry out their transfer to the BIU 24 through the broadcast satellite 1. The signal received by the receiver of the BIU 24, where it is fed to the consumer for work. The BIU 24 or the computer 23 checks for the command is performed the termination of the communication session as described above for the urgent command or data.

The following is an example of the operation of an interactive session with the ISP 20. Assuming that this interactive session is carried out with the ISP 20 and selected the initial frame, the ISP 20 or is stored in the computer 23, the frame or the frame passes through the lines 4 and 5 broadcast. Then the user inputs the destination address in the Internet treatment and then presses the "enter" or in any other way in the program instructs the computer 23 that he wishes to receive a selected WWW-page or other data. This request is transmitted through the ESP 22 to the gateway 8, using lines 9 and 10 two-way communication. The gateway 8 sends the request to the BFS 3 via the link 14 or the intra-system data through other means, which may include the PSTN 11. The BFS 3 in turn transmits the request to the ISP 20. The ISP 20 in a conventional manner generates a data request and outputs it to Internet 50, which directs the request to the selected Internet 50 data server having the address specified by the user. Then the selected Internet server sends the appropriate file via the Internet 50 to the ISP 20, which in turn may be added if it is not yet, the information about the selected method, the broadcast or through the bidirectional communication, according to the properties of the file (e.g. length , numbers of files, types of files, etc.) or other information that allows the BFS 3 to determine a preferred routing returned data, i.e., routing either through lines 4 and 5, the broadcast GSO or through lines 9 and 10 for two-way communication GSO.

Assuming that the user has requested to transmit to the computer 23 a large file or set of graphics, the requested destination Internet server 50 forwards the data to the ISP 20 where they are processed and transmitted to the BFS 3. The BFS 3 may delete the information about the selected method, the broadcast or in bilateral communication and associates the user requested data with the allocated resources to the corresponding relay and the channel of the satellite 1, and possibly with other information, such as time window reception code CDMA, or any other information necessary to allow the BIU 24 indentifitsirovat its signal is transmitted to the background of many at the moment. The data is then encoded, modulated, performed upconversion and transmitted to the GSO satellite 1 on the feed line 4, a broadcast satellite-Earth. This transfer can be performed with a very high data rate, such as 400 megabits per second. GSO satellite 1 repeats this signal after frequency conversion and transmits the signal back to earth. The BIU 24 receives the signal from the antenna 25, recognizes its assignment address, code or other identification means, and may then fetch the desired transmitted high speed packet data from the incoming data stream. After decoding and buffering the BIU 24 sends the desired (e) of the file (s) to the computer 23 which, using its software, displays and / or stores the requested information in a conventional manner.

BFS 3 can be programmed so that it links selection GSO or NGSO made according to the example set the file size and / or the type of file. For example, all files that are larger than a predetermined number of bytes, or all files containing graphics, are always transmitted through lines 4 and 5 with regard to the GSO higher speed. In an alternate embodiment may be implemented adaptive selection criterion BFS 3 link. For example during periods of actual high user load or predicted high user load in order to send more data through the lines 4 and 5 due to the GSO for the NGSO constellation 7 (it should be remembered that in the service area 2 will be a lot of FTA 22, for which service is required only to the transfer of voice signals) BFS 3 can change the size of the test file in the direction of its reduction. Conversely, during periods of lower NGSO system boot BFS 3 can change the file size criterion to the side to increase it in order to send more data through the lines 9 and 10 communication NGSO. The functions of the link selection at the BFS 3 may also be taken into account other factors such as the link quality derived from information received from outside (e.g., information about the deterioration of the link quality due to weather conditions in the service area 2, the incoming real- time or time scale near real) or from information obtained inside the system, such as requests for retransmission received from the user terminal 6. For example, if the data transmission via lines 9 and 10 communication NGSO results in numerous requests from the user terminal 6 for retransmission due to uncorrectable errors, the gateway 8 can be informed about these circumstances, the BFS 3, and response, it can begin using the link 4 and 5 in geostationary orbit. Furthermore, to ensure correct reception at the user terminal 6, the transmission of the data identified by the information entered by the user or as being particularly important, and may be carried out through the communication line to the GSO, and via links NGSO. The transfer of any data required ACKS / NACKS (symbols acknowledgment / negative acknowledgment characters) and / or handshake is usually performed through the lines 9 and 10, two-way communication on the GSO.

Manipulation of the data transmitted through the two-way communication at GSO, performed in a manner somewhat different from the above data through unidirectional communication at GSO. Data from the requested Internet address of the server and sent over the Internet 50 to the ISP 20, where the data is added to the address that they will be passed through the two-way communication. In an alternate embodiment, selection of the transmission line can perform bidirectional communication BFS 3. These data are in turn processed and transmitted to the BFS 3 via the link between the ISP 20 and the BFS 3 at the data rate modem 23A of the computer 23. Alternatively the data rate between the ISP 20 and the BFS 3 can be higher, and the BFS 3 then performs local data buffering and data transfer rate conversion so as to conform to the computer 23. The modem then BFS 3 sends data through line 14 (or line 16 intersystem radio) to the gateway 8, where their reception is performed and, if necessary, re-divided into packets in the format established protocols for wireless communication systems The NGSO. The gateway 8 then carries out buffering data stream and begins the transmission by encoding, modulation, upconversion, amplification, and other signal processing to the user through a selected one of many channels or communications paths Earth satellite. 7A of the NGSO satellite communication channel adopts earth satellite, converts it in frequency, amplifies and sends to the SCT 22. The SCT 22, after receiving, amplifying, downconverting, demodulating and decoding the signal passes the data to the modem 23A of the computer 23. The modem 23A retrieves the file data, processes them and supplies them to the computer 23 for display, storage or other use.

This process continues until as long as the user does not wish to end the session. The user enters the command "end session" through the computer keyboard 23 (or other external device, such as a manipulator "mouse") or gives a command to finish the session using the keypad FTAs 22. In any case, the command signal "end session" is transmitted to the gateway 8 via the line 9 and 10, two-way communication system on the GSO. Gateway 8 provides the command signal "end session" to the BFS 3 which in turn signals the ISP 20 to end the session. The signal the end of the session of the ISP 20 is transmitted to the BFS 3 and the gateway 8, which breaks the established communication lines and returns the freed resources to the joint reserve for future use. The BIU 24 goes to standby, and the SCT 22 returns to the standby mode for another event on the access channel and paging.

Now will be described an example of a telephone call to the block of the user terminal 6 is applied to a telephone call via the Internet to the user terminal 6 from a device connected to the Internet 50.

First will be considered a broadcast only mode, as will be discussed more species of the above method, wherein the two-way interactive Internet 50 connection may take place in a broadcast only mode, using the two-way communication lines to establish NGSO broadcast. In this case, the user generates an initialization broadcast message BIU 24 generates an initialization after bundling and transmits it to the SCT 22 where it is combined with the data stream and transmitted via satellite constellation 7 to the gateway 8. The NGSO gateway 8 relays the signal to initialize BFS 3 which in turn relays the signal to the PBC 21. The BSP 21, after processing the request generates an internal (or external) response which is sent to the BFS 3. The BFS 3 sends a response to the dispatcher responses 3A. If the response signal from the controller 3A is not received or if it is corrupted, the system performs a retry, and the retry count is equal to n. If the result is successful, then relay the signals is carried out as before, but if not, then form a complete signal and transmit it to the gateway 8, which provides the gateway 8 session termination. If the result is successful, the BFS 3 indicates that the mode is only broadcast and if the right of access is confirmed, it sends a message to "start" in the processor BFS Earth satellite. Then, the processor does so from this point on the input signals are not passed through to 3A, but goes directly to the processor. In any case the broadcast signals are prepared for transmission from the earth to the satellite and transmitted to the satellite 1. The satellite 1 relays the signals to the BIU 24 where the results are used. This usually means that the results are displayed on the screen, although you can find plenty of options for use with a satellite link-Earth. When the broadcast session is started, the initializing charging function and perform processing of the signal input to the gateway 8, which indicates the beginning of the broadcast. The gateway 8 transmits the completion signal through the bidirectional communication line, off line and the two-way communication places bidirectional system into standby, thereby using no resources NGSO 7 system. At this time, the user can use the two-way communication system to GSO for telephone calls, or for any other purpose.

We now consider the method of terminating a session, session termination signal may originate from the user, from the BIU 24 or PBC 21. In any case, the formation is performed completion command to the BIU 24 and transmitted to the SCT 22 where it is carried out through a plurality of transmission 7 satellites NGSO gateway 8. The gateway 8 receives the request and relays the request to the end of the session to the BFS 3. The gateway 8 off resources FTAs ​​and FTAs ​​22 instructs the switch to standby mode. And stop billing for two-way communication. BFS 3 sends a session termination message respectively ISP 20 or ISP 21, which deletes the user request for service from the active list and stops billing. BFS 3 then terminates broadcasting to the user and stop billing. There can be many variations of this process.

Consider the following exemplary embodiment of the transmission. Assume that the user terminal 6 to access the network and to the ISP 20 according to the previously described process (also can be used and other methods). All units are in standby mode. Management of the user terminal 6 can be performed manually or it may be set remotely and be in automatic mode. A computer 23 or other suitable computer can be connected to an external device, such as a device which from time to time requires a significant amount of data. For example, assume that the user terminal 6 has set access to Web-page to the ISP server 20 of the subscriber. For example, a computer user with a conventional modem for communication over a switched line and having a connection to an ISP desires to download the PSTN through the information in the user terminal 6 having the above-described network connection. It is further assumed that the subscriber has established access to Web-page to the ISP server of the called party. Performance begins as follows. The caller enters the Internet address of the subscriber, ie, subscriber terminal 6 of the user. The computer and modem of the calling party sends a request to download Web-page ISP caller. This ISP in turn, sends a request message via the Internet 50 to the subscriber's ISP 20, which temporarily stores data intended for the subscriber directory or folder on the server of the called party. Then the ISP 20 ascertains whether the connection is established with the subscriber, and whether it is ready to accept the request and information. If so, the ISP 20 sends a service request to the BFS 3. If not, the ISP 20 indicates that it is unavailable, and can instead allow a data download server for transmission, which will be made later. Assuming in this example that the subscriber terminal 6 by a connection to the network and is in standby mode, the ISP 20 forms a page message with a warning about connecting to the data transfer. This message is transmitted along with the subscriber ID to the BFS 3, which is in parallel with it starts to establish a communication session. These procedures can be used in all operating modes. Firstly, carried out by the availability of system resources, and at this time the gateway 8 can be added to a channel, the repeater number (and modulation type if necessary). Secondly, the BFS 3 forms a service request and sends it (if necessary with the addition of data) to the gateway 8 via the intra-system communication line 14. The gateway 8 receives the service request, and appended data (if sent) performs buffering and generates information about a page message. Page message includes at least the identifier of the user terminal 6 (which may be of different kind). After encoding, modulation and upconversion report page gateway 8 transmits it through a plurality of seven satellites NGSO in the user's terminal 6 (using as auxiliary information user location when the last login or location of the user terminal 6 during the last phone call). 7A receives the satellite signal, amplifies it, converts the frequency, further amplifies and transmits it to the terminal 6 of the user. The SCT 22 receives the page message and sends back to the gateway 8 the acknowledgment. The gateway 8 then establishes a two-way communication via the satellite 7A, as described previously. Operation of establishing a two-way communications includes determining a location for a phone call and verifying that the user terminal 6 is still within the service area 2. Then, the user terminal 6 performs data collection on the selected channel and diversity spectrum codes, or time windows, or other wireless communication protocol, after which the user terminal 6 sends a signal to the BFS 3 that the user terminal 6 is ready to continue. At that time, or, if allowed to establish parallel broadcast the previously BFS 3 establishes a broadcast as described above, using a bidirectional communication line for transmitting the selected BIU 24 parameters of the user terminal 6. When all units indicate that they are in a receive mode and a standby signal ISP subscriber 20 transmits signal ISP caller that the subscriber is on line and ready connection for the interactive session. Thus, the caller reported that a session can be initialized, and then start a session.

Assuming carried sending text and commands to be processed with low latency (delay), the text or data can be transmitted with a sign (tag) "urgent", or alternatively selection can be made at the BFS 3, via the Internet 50 to ISP subscriber 20. ISP 20 adds the subscriber to the message routing data and sends them to the BFS 3. The ISP 20 detects the sign of "urgent", or alternatively selection can be made at the BFS 3, and directs it to send to the gateway 8 via the intra-line data 14 . The gateway 8 in turn sends the data as described above, the SCT 22 via lines 9 and 10 two-way communication. Then downconverted, demodulated and decoded signal is transmitted to the computer 23 via the computer's modem for display, storage or other use. ISP 20 or the BFS 3 exhibit large files or data streams and send them instead in line 4 and 5 of the broadcast. When this occurs the BFS 3 combines these data packets having compatible BIU 24 format, provides them addressing, encodes and modulates the data which is then multiplexed using the known user time slot for TDMA, or code diversity array, or some Other means to ensure compliance with data specific user terminal 6 to which data is sent. The data is then transmitted to the broadcast satellite 1 using the selected transponder and the channel to the user terminal on the supply line 4 broadcast satellite Earth. GSO satellite 1 receives the signal, amplifies it, translates it in frequency, further amplifies it and transmits it to a corresponding radio beam in the direction of the user terminal 6, as previously described. The BIU antenna 25 receives the signal and routes it to the BIU 24 which, in response to its address and other identifying characteristics of fetches required data from the link satellite-to-ground at a high rate. After downconversion, demodulation and decoding, and, if necessary, and other signal processing data is sent to the computer 23 for display, storage or other use.

In the above example the computer 23 (or other computing device) can function as a remote server, which can send requests to other computer users from around the world. User terminal 6, in this mode, in fact, is a server modem connection, which uses system resources only when a request is made, and thus is a cheap means of data collection.

From the foregoing description of the login and examples it is obvious that the user terminal 6 can operate in a mobile communication system. Thus, although the examples described in a portable set of equipment, automated set of equipment installed in the vehicle, also falls under the scope of the invention of this invention.

As an example, Figure 4 shows the equipment in the vehicle 60. In this embodiment the SCT 22 is mounted into the holder 26. The SCT 22 is removable and can be used for voice and low speed data transmission over the NGSO constellation 7 independent of line data broadcast. Holder 26 provides power and charging the battery. By ESP 22 is connected in the vehicle computer 33 (which may be a laptop computer) or some other computing device in a vehicle. In the vehicle computer 33 is connected to the BIU 24 which is equipped with the tracking antenna 34 receiving broadcast satellite from which performs the same function as the previously described broadcast antenna 25. The tracking antenna 34 can be a receiving system with electronic control or, It is shown, the mechanical control system. In any case, the radio beam is directed to the antenna 1 via a broadcast satellite tracking mechanism. The antenna 34 at site 29 radiotransparent casing antenna includes an antenna receiving the follower 31, which may consist of several elements 39 to obtain high gain and efficiency. The orientation of the antenna 34 to the satellite 1 by a motor 32 and azimuth drive motor 38 drive in elevation, which respond to signals generated by circuit 37 satellite tracking. Scheme 37 tracking receiving signals for driving the motors of the input data from a compass 30 and / or other means to guide the vehicle or from an alternative source, for example by a signal transmitted by the system 36, a GPS (global positioning system) (GPS) or other means for determining latitude and longitude.

Use of the system of Figure 4 similar to that given previously, but has modifications, taking into account the relay satellite tracking 1. Using data from the location in latitude and longitude, and a lookup table for the location of the satellite, the computer 33 instructs the rough guidance to the circuit 37 tracking. Precise tracking signals generated search computer 33 using a broadcast signal received by the BIU 24 (also called servo interface unit receiving a broadcast signal). The search algorithm or computer 33 of the vehicle or in the scheme of 37 monitoring searches so as to produce the seizure of 1 satellite in geostationary orbit. The rest of the process remains the same as previously described.

Based on the above description it can be understood that according to the description, users can move from gateway to gateway and have an Internet connection and other services to which they have authorized access through different sets, including the gateway 8, the BFS 3 and ISP 20, having a connection with the BFS 3. The SCT 22 using a different service areas the user can obtain network access where roaming agreements exist and equipment BFS 3. To roam, the user first sets up access to the local gateway service area, sending a service request to the gateway 8 service area. After checking the identifier of the user terminal 6, the gateway 8 determines that the user moves his identifier and sends the message through the PSTN 11 signaling (e.g., SS7 signaling) to the source gateway user. Gateway, which has moved the user receives information about granting the right of access of the home location register (HLR) (HLR) user terminal. Once starts functioning satellite cellular communication user can telephone to the transmission of voice and data through the lines 9 and 10 two-way communication in accordance with conventional procedures for a system with a plurality of NGSO satellites. If the user wishes to use the line 4 and 5 of the broadcast, it sends a service request as previously described. The serving gateway 8 sends the service request coupled thereto BFS 3. This station may have its own user location register, which can be of two types: a user home location register (Rimpi) (HULR) for those subscribers to this broadcast service, which are local service area gateway, and the guest user location register (GAMP) (VULR) for users who move to this area of ​​service. The operation of the right of access is similar to the same operation for the satellite cellular telephone. If there is a roaming agreement between the original and the BFS BFS 3, to which the user has moved, then establish a connection. Similarly, each BFS 3 can communicate with one or more ISPs 20, and assuming that there, where to move a user, there is a roaming agreement between the original ISP 20 users and one or more local ISPs, with links to the BFS 3, to establish access roaming, at least one of the ISP 20 using additional signaling.

As shown in Figure 2, the user terminal 6 can thus be moved from the service area A to service area B and obtain connectivity and various services including satellite cellular communication telephone and Internet access. Roaming to service area B provides voice communication, data communication and low speed Internet access, but does not provide the presence of a broadcast communication link with a higher speed, as in the service area of ​​the BFS 3 does not contain.

CCT CCT may represent 40 dual mode (SSTDR) (DMSCT), shown in Figure 5. In phone mode SSTDR 40 can switch between the above-described mode satellite and terrestrial communication mode for use in the system of 41 ground-based networks of public mobile communications (SNMSOP) (PLMN). SNMSOP 41 can be located inside the zone 2 satellite communication services, as well as outside it. SNMSOP 41 typically includes various zones 42 cell site, managed by base station controller 43 (BSC) (BSC) connected to the switching center 44 for mobile communications (MSC), which contains the DDM 45 and HLR 46. The MSC 44 also includes a circuit / software and other means of registering users at login, user authentication, and providing them with access to the network. MSC 44 is connected to the PSTN 11 which includes means for interworking switching, e.g., signaling system number seven (SS7). This signaling system is used to route phone calls, and provides a means to query databases HLR and DDM corresponding to various mobile networks to allow roaming and authentication. To enable broadcast transmission line, performing a connection to the PSTN 11 between the BFS 3 and the PSTN 11, and the BFS 3 includes a plurality of telephone modems for connections between the BFS 3 and 41 SNMSOP.

Broadcast mode when using the terrestrial cellular communication network operates as follows. Assume that the user terminal 6 is within range of the network and situated within the zone cell site serviced by BSC 43. The user turns SSTDR 40 and either manually or automatically select the terrestrial SNMSOP 41. The user terminal 6 establishes a duplex cellular 47 SSTDR between 40 and BSC 43 and from him - to the MSC 44. The terminal 6 user logs on to the network using the RIM 46 or 45 using DDM upon request RIM for remote access. After identification and other processes the user can use the phone call and the PSTN 11 otherwise.

Further assume that the user wants to access the data transmission line 5 via a broadcast channel. To do this, the user or a program in the computer 23 dials the phone number that corresponds to the BFS 3. This process is similar to dial-up dial-who are now using commercial Internet service providers. If the user moves and knows his whereabouts, he can find the number in the book or in the directory. Alternatively, it can enter the zip code or local identifier city and town so that the computer 23 is a reference list, or the user can dial an 800 number and make a selection from the provided list, or can obtain the number by any other suitable means . The user enables the modem and the computer 23 dials the BFS 3 which is closest to the user or otherwise selected. BFS 3 gives the answer and connects using a two-way line 47 Cellular BSC 43, zone 42 serving cell site. BSC 43 communicates the user terminal 6 to the BFS 3 via the MSC 44 through the PSTN 11 and the connection PSTN / BFS 48. The BFS 3 performs the above-described signal processing and continuing the phone call can be performed using a wireless two-way communication as described above, via line 47 two-way communication of a cellular communication system.

Thus, given a complete description of the architecture and operation of the satellite broadcast / point to point connection of this invention will now be given a more detailed description of its architecture and functioning, with reference to Figures 6A-6E, 7A-fig.7Z, block scheme BFS 3 in FIG. 8 and the sequence diagram of logical operations 9A-9E, where FIG. 9A shows various operation fig.9G login identification and for establishing a session fig.9D depicted broadcast 9A illustrates a method of initializing a communication session in duplex broadcast / interactive communication fig.9Zh shown on the system during operation duplex session broadcast / interactive communication on the operation system shown fig.9Z for broadcast-only session, and Figure 9 shows the operations performed to complete the broadcast session.

FIG. 6A illustrates one embodiment in which the service area (DA) (SAs) broadcast and two-way communication are the same, and the contours of the antenna pattern satellites (KDNAS) (FPs) are different. In this embodiment there is a single antenna beam to the relay satellite 1, the BFS 3 is in the same antenna beam as the user terminal 6, and the gateway 8 and user terminal 6 are oriented on the same NGSO satellite.

FIG. 6B shows an embodiment 2, wherein the service area of ​​the broadcast and two-way connection different from one another and in which the antenna pattern contours satellites differ. There exists a single antenna beam to the relay satellite 1, the BFS 3 is in the same antenna beam as the user terminal 6, and the gateway 8 and user terminal 6 are oriented on the same NGSO satellite.

FIG. 6B shows an embodiment 3 in which the service area of ​​the broadcast and two-way connection different from one another and in which the antenna pattern contours satellites differ. In the embodiment 3, there are multiple beams to the relay satellite 1, the BFS 3 is in a different antenna beam than the user terminal 6, the gateway 8 and user terminal 6 are oriented on the same NGSO satellite, and the SCT 22 and BIU 24 It is located in the overlap region 30.

FIG. 6D shows an embodiment 4, wherein the service area of ​​the broadcast and two-way connection different from one another and in which the antenna pattern contours satellites differ. There are multiple beams to the relay satellite 1, the BFS 3 is in a different antenna beam than the user terminal 6 (Option 4a), the gateway 8 and user terminal 6 are located in different radio waves (variant 4b), the gateway 8 and BFS 3 radio waves are other than the user terminal 6 (Option 4b), the gateway 8 and user terminal 6 are oriented on the same NGSO satellite, and the SCT 22 and BIU 24 are in a region in which there is no overlapping zones.

FIG. 6D shows an embodiment 5, wherein the service area of ​​the broadcast and two-way connection different from one another and in which the antenna pattern contours satellites differ. There are multiple beams to broadcast satellite 1, and from it. The gateway 8 and / or the BFS 3 can be in a different antenna beam (or other radio waves), rather than the user terminal 6, and the gateway 8 and user terminal 6 are oriented on the same NGSO satellite. The SCT 22 and BIU 24 are in a region in which there is no overlap zone, the SCT 22 and BIU 24 are in the same service area, and the SCT 22 and BIU 24 (actually at least the broadcast receiver of the BIU 24) are located at a distance apart.

Finally, Figure 6 shows variant 6, wherein the service area of ​​the broadcast and two-way connection different from one another and in which the antenna pattern contours satellites differ. There are multiple beams to broadcast satellite 1, and from it. The gateway 8 and / or the BFS 3 can be in a different antenna beam (or other radio waves), rather than the user terminal 6, and the gateway 8 and user terminal 6 are oriented on the same NGSO satellite. The SCT 22 and BIU 24 are in a service area which has no overlapping, the SCT 22 and BIU 24 are in different service areas, and the SCT 22 and BIU 24 (again, actually at least the broadcast receiver of the BIU 24) are located at a distance from each other.

Now, after the description of several possible system topologies will be described various modes of the system with reference to FIG 7A. 7Z. It should also be referenced to the flow chart logic operations of Figures 9A - 9E, in particular to operate as a session broadcast / interactive two-way communication and broadcast only.

FIG. 7A shows a mode 1 - only the broadcast session, establishing a communication session in this mode and operation of the communication session. To register the user in the network use NGSO 7 system. To establish the communication session is also used NGSO 7 system. System NGSO 7 access to and the BFS 3 of the programming and content. Once completed the process of establishing the communication session was done and capture a broadcast signal, the broadcast session is initiated. The NGSO 7 system continues until such time until it receives a message of the broadcast session. 7 system then performs the function in the GSO completed the session, transmits a signal to end the session status, billing is performed, and then all units go to standby mode.

FIG. 7B shows a mode 2 - telephony only session. To register the user in the network and establish a communication session using NGSO 7 system. The NGSO 7 system authorizes the access, and the gateway 8 then sets the dial-up connection to the PSTN 11 or therefrom. 7 system then performs the function in the GSO completed the session, transmits a signal to end the session, billing is performed, and then all units go to standby mode.

7B shows a mode 4 - a simultaneous telephony and broadcast. To register the user in the network and establish a communication session using NGSO 7 system. System NGSO 7 access to and the BFS 3 of the programming and content. Once completed the process of establishing the communication session was done and capture a broadcast signal, the broadcast session is initiated. During the broadcast session the user terminal 6 can make a request for telephone service. The gateway 8 processes a request for a telephone connection and establishes a telephone connection, or receives a service request. The gateway 8 then processes the call and begin simultaneous telephone communications. Broadcast session and independent telephone. When the session is over telephone, make a telephone call registration and interest for him as a payment for a phone call. Then NGSO 7 system is switched off until the message is not received on the broadcast session. Then the system NGSO 7 performs the function of completing the session, transmits a signal to end the session status, billing is performed, and then all units go to standby mode.

FIG. 7D shows a mode 4 - interactive broadcast session. To register the user in the network and use the session establishment NGSO 7 system. System NGSO 7 access to and the BFS 3 of the programming and content. Once completed the process of establishing the communication session was done and capture a broadcast signal, the broadcast session is initiated. ESP 22 continues to communicate with the gateway 8 and BFS 3, and through them - the BSP 21 or the PSTN 11 at the BFS 3. The user terminal 6 sends messages and commands to the gateway 8 and from it - to the BFS 3 and the BSP 21, respectively, It responds to commands and messages. Sessions broadcasting and telephone communications are interactive, each of them send requests and receive responses. Data in the BFS 3 received from the BSP 21 or PSTN 11 connect to ensuring data transmission. Consequently, the transmission of information and / or data and files to the SCT 22 or to the broadcast receiver of the BIU 24 can be made optimum. Disabling telephony session may be performed without disconnecting the broadcast function and conversely the broadcast session may be disconnected without disconnecting the telephony session with. When the session is over telephone, make a telephone call registration and interest for him as a payment for a phone call. Then NGSO 7 system is switched off as long as the received messages on the broadcast session, at which time the system NGSO 7 performs the function of completing the communication session, transmits a status signal to end the session, billing is performed for broadcast transmission, then all units go to standby mode.

FIG. 7E shows a mode 5 poluinteraktivnogo broadcast session. To register the user in the network and establish a communication session using NGSO 7 system. System NGSO 7 permission to access, and then the BFS 3 of the programming and content. Once completed the process of establishing the communication session was done and capture a broadcast signal, the broadcast session is initiated. ESP 22 continues to communicate with the gateway 8 and BFS 3, and from there - to the BSP 21 or PSTN 11 at the BFS 3. The user terminal 6 sends messages and commands to the gateway 8 and from there - to the BFS 3 and RSV RSV 21 21, respectively, respond to commands and messages via the broadcast line. Sessions broadcasting and telephone communications are interactive, each of them send requests and receive responses. As in a mode 4 (Fig.7G) data received from the BFS 3 to the BSP 21 or PSTN 11 connect to ensuring data transmission. Information and / or data files are transmitted in the broadcast receiver of the BIU 24. The telephony session Disabling may be performed without disconnecting the broadcast function. When the session is over telephone, make a telephone call registration and interest for him as a payment for a phone call. The NGSO 7 system is switched off until the message is not received on the broadcast session. Then the system NGSO 7 performs the function of completing the session, transmits a signal to end the session status, billing is performed for the broadcast, and then all units go to standby mode.

7A shows a mode 6 session with multiple broadcasts. To register the user in the network and establish a communication session using NGSO 7 system. System NGSO 7 access to and the BFS 3 of the programming and content. Once completed the process of establishing the communication session was done and capture a broadcast signal, the broadcast session is initiated. Then, the NGSO 7 system can set one or more additional lines for transmitting broadcast signals, all of which operate independently. Lines broadcast can pass through the same satellite 1 or different satellites, and through may be in the same or different service areas (the case of the same service area shown in Figure 7). The content or program transmitted on broadcast transmission lines need not necessarily be the same. Then NGSO 7 system is switched off as long as the received messages on the broadcast session, at which time the system NGSO 7 performs the function of completing the communication session, transmits a status signal to end the session, billing is performed for broadcast transmission, then all units go to standby mode.

FIG. 7G shows a mode 7 session management plurality of broadcast transmissions. To register the user in the network and establish a communication session using NGSO 7 system. System NGSO 7 access to and the BFS 3 of the programming and content. Once completed the process of establishing the communication session was done and capture a broadcast signal, the broadcast session is initiated. Then, the NGSO 7 system can establish additional communication line for transmitting broadcast signals, all of which operate independently. As in the embodiment mode 6, the broadcast transmission line can pass through the same satellite 1 or different satellites, and through may be in the same or in different service areas. Furthermore, there is no need for the lines to broadcast the same content or programming. The NGSO 7 system continues to operate and interact either with all BIU 24 broadcast receivers simultaneously, or interacts with each individual BIU 24 broadcast receivers independently of the other, or interacts with subgroups broadcast receiver of the BIU 24. The NGSO 7 system may also be disabled when valid Broadcast function. If the system continues to work, the system NGSO 7 may at any time carry out disconnection of any or all of the broadcast receiver of the BIU 24. The completion of the independent recording session for each broadcast receiver and charge you. This procedure is continued until until all broadcast receivers are disconnected. Then, the NGSO 7 system performs the function of completing the communication session transmits session complete status, billing is performed for broadcast transmission, and then all units go to standby.

FIG. 7Z shows a mode 8 - telephone connection to the BSP 21. In order to register the user in the network and establish a communication session using NGSO 7 system. The NGSO 7 system authorizes access and makes a request for access to the network of the BFS 3. The BFS 3 authorizes access to the BSP 21 or PSTN 11 at the BFS 3. The SCT 22 connects to the BSP 21 or the PSTN at the BFS 3, the session is initiated connection, and then the SCT 22 is switched off. 7 system then performs the function in the GSO completed the session, transmits a signal to end the session status, billing is performed for the broadcast, and then all units go to standby mode.

With reference to Figure 8, the relay station 3 supply line connection (BFS) comprises several modules. Basic functions of the BFS 3 include provision of interaction with the gateway 8, various ISPs 20 and PBC 21 and the center 17 controls operation of the terrestrial services (GOCC) NGSO system. BFS 3 also provides data processing broadcast signals Earth-satellite transmits a broadcast signal from the earth to the satellite and provides entitlement to access and provisioning of service.

The signals from the gateway 8 are passed to the interface 501 two-way transmission of data. These signals may be sent to the PSTN 11 and received therefrom via signal transmission unit 502 and communication with the PSTN and may include information on the movement of the user (roaming), authorization and access rights. Signals permission the right of access from the PSTN 11 from the gateway 8, or from a service provider is transmitted through the interface 501 two-way transmission of data in the service control processor 503. Processor 503 is connected to the service control two-way communication channels with 504 guest register the user's location (GAMP) and a home location register 505 user (Rimpi). From interface 501 duplex data used by the data ID number of resources, user connections, as well as other relevant information is transmitted to the control device 506, the relay station supply line connection. 506 device control relay station supply line connection provides two-way communication between the BFS 3 and GOCC 17 for resource management BFS 3. The BFS control device 506 receives the files of operational information on access to broadcast individual users or records of telephone calls, minutes of sessions, or other similar data, and then compresses the summation of information protocols and formatting of many users. These data are for systemic use and then fed to the router 507 for transmission over the GDN 19 data transfer GOCC 17 for network planning, trend analysis, and general resource allocation. Commands received from the GOCC 17 is fed through NSPD 19 in router 507 and transmitting device 508 to manage resources of the BFS. The device 508 Resource Management provides similar commands in a block 509 the resource configuration broadcast, which controls the frequency of the controller 544 in the radio subsystem 510 BFS and configuration switches 550 used to control transit paths 542 radio.

For information about logging on and granting the right of access to the service from the service control processor 503 is supplied to the interface unit 501 two-way transmission of data to transmit it to the gateway 8 or 20 or 21 providers of services. In the case where it is transmitted to the service provider, duplex data interface relays the request for service in block 520 the user interface incoming signals the BFS. Signals confirm the right to access the service provider to the output signal fed from the BFS unit 521 of the user interface. For information about logging on and granting the right of access is delivered to the service provider (CP) processor 522 permits the right of access (SP) and after the granting of the right of access is transmitted to the controller 523 responses gateway 8, then - in interface 501 two-way data transmission and a service control processor 503, and then carry out its input respectively Rimpi 504 and / or 505 GAMP.

The interface 501 provides two-way data transfer routing data received by two-way communication, and sends them to the interface unit 520 input signals by the BFS, and then - to the service provider. This service provider uses the data received on the two-way communication in different ways according to the commands, algorithms and other processes. The service provider generates the answers to the incoming data and transmits messages, data, files and other responses from the service provider to the BFS 3. These signals are applied to the BFS output unit 521 and the user interface according to conventional keys and / or flags the program circuit which directs the incoming data streams to one of three response managers (531, 532, 533) in the apparatus 530 of processing broadcast data. Urgent messages transmitted to the controller 531 emergency responses for the broadcast and, depending on available resources, direct or by the usual path in the controller 523 responses gateway 8, or if the gateway 8 is not available or link the user busy or for them there is no other access, messages, signals or files transmitted to the controller 532 responses to the broadcast. Non-urgent messages, longer files, and long messages are generally sent to the controller 532 in response to the broadcast. If two-way interactive communication methods do not use routing and responses must be carried out only for broadcast mode, then the signals, messages, files and other data are fed directly to the controller 533 the data broadcast only. Data flows from the controller 532 replies to the broadcast and / or controller 533 only broadcast data fed into the device 534 the user data for formatting, in the form of a package design, identification and other processing. Then, the user data is combined with data streams of other users in the processor unit 535 of the modulating signal. The processor 535 of the modulating signal transmits formatted and the combined data to the processor 536 uplink satellite that adds framing, time reference, synchronization, and other overhead messages from block 537 framing time reference and service data, and then combines it with the data stream . Then, this combined data stream is fed to the modulator 541 in the radio subsystem 510 BFS. Modulator 541 forms a part of one of the plurality of channels 542 of the transmitter. Then, the modulated data stream is fed to the device 543 upconversion, and managed through the frequency control unit 544. Then produce amplification signal 545 high power amplifier (HPA) (NDA) and transmitting them to the multiplexer 546 where multiplex signals with signals from other radio paths. Then the multiplex channels is fed (if necessary) to the duplexer 547. In conclusion, the signals fed to antenna 548, which directs the signal towards the broadcast satellite 1 using the supply line 4 a broadcast satellite communication earth.

Upon completion of the session detailed information on the access protocol of the controllers 531-533 answers are transmitted in a detailed protocol (computer) 538 to access the broadcast and post-stack processing and transmitting these protocols charging system 539 for a broadcast service, which produces the calculation used by broadcast services transmission.

Although the invention is described with reference to presently preferred embodiments thereof, it should be understood that these embodiments may have certain modifications and that the invention may be implemented using other embodiments. For example, the BFS 3 can offer services directly to an ISP without connection to a separate ISP 20. Also, there may be more than one ISP 20, and one of these can be the BFS 3. Further, for example, several gateways 8 can share a single BFS 3, and several of the BFS 3 can share a single broadcast satellite 1. Further, to enhance the service capabilities in the system can be provided, for example, inter-satellite communications link between satellites 1 having GSO synchronous high. Furthermore, for example, does not require that the service area of ​​the BFS 3 was exactly the same as the service area of ​​the gateway 8, it may be larger or smaller than it. Also, the invention is not limited to providing any one type of broadcast services. While the foregoing description is provided primarily with respect to providing high speed Internet access using the broadcast service may also be provided for other broadcast services, such as television. In addition, the broadcast line 5 can be used two or more frequencies, e.g., two or more frequencies in frequency ranges (0.5-1 GHz), Cu (12,4-18,0 GHz) and Ka (26 , 5-40,0 GHz), etc. Likewise VISHS 24 can work with more than one frequency and modulation type.

It should also be understood that a series of operations shown in Figures 9A-9E can be performed in a different order than that shown, and thus get the same desired result.

Thus, although a detailed explanation and description of the invention has been given for the preferred embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will recognize that modifications can be made smaller and their shape details, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.