Method for treating narcomania

The invention relates to medicine, more specifically to a non-drug treatment methods, in particular methods for treating drug abuse using transcranial electrostimulation.

As is known, the problem of the effectiveness of the treatment of drug substance abuse in all economic and developing countries is extremely important.

It is widely known that the transcranial electrostimulation is one method of relief of opium withdrawal syndrome. One of the hypotheses to explain the mechanism of relief of opium withdrawal syndrome transcranial electrostimulation products of traditional Chinese acupuncture theory, as a result of competitive inhibition of thalamic pain center, a manifestation of the placebo effect in persons with increased suggestibility. As a consequence of changes in the levels of biogenic amines, endorphins and in the central nervous system.

Known transcranial electrostimulation used to attenuate morphine withdrawal syndrome involving exposure for 30 minutes in experimental animals that cause dependence on morphine asymmetrically stimuli: positive component of duration of 2 ms and a current of 10 mA and a negative component of longer duration and a lower frequency current (see. N 6.88.31 published in AJ "VINITI" "Biology" separate issue "Drug Toxicology", 1990, N 6, p. 5).

Within 1 hour after the famous transcranial electrostimulation mentioned weakening of spontaneous locomotor activity induced by morphine withdrawal syndrome.

However, as the authors note, a normalizing effect known transcranial electrical stimulation on spontaneous locomotor activity weakened in 2-4 hours after the procedure. However, the authors noted the ability of the transcranial electrostimulation to stop the morphine withdrawal, which they believe is associated with the ability to intervene in the exchange of biogenic amines and endogenous opiates.

It is also known neurostimulation for the relief of drug withdrawal syndrome, providing supply in the temporal region of the patient a series of electrical pulses and acute rectangular shape.

Thus in each region opposite polarity pulses of a duration of one microsecond with an amplitude of up to 20 V and a pulse repetition rate of 100 Hz. The pulses have an amplitude of acute forms of 17 V and a polarity opposite rectangular pulses and immediately following the end of the rectangular pulse form (see. U.S. Patent N 4865048, cl. A 61 N 1/00).

This method allows you to remove the pain in patients with the syndrome, caused by the prohibition of alcohol or drugs.

The method also provides control of the shape and frequency of the generated pulses.

A method of treating drug addiction, including the relief of withdrawal symptoms, carried out with the help of transcranial electrical stimulation with currents, consisting of a package lasting 4 ms, with the frequency of 100 Hz, containing high bipolar rectangular pulses with a duration of a positive component of 2 ms and a negative component of 4 microseconds and having zero value of the average current for a time sufficient to achieve a positive effect (see. the journal "Biological Psychiatry", Volume 2, 1991, pp. 40-43).

For transcutaneous electrical stimulation of cranial Limoges using the current amplitude of the positive component of which is 100 mA. To achieve the effect necessary for Limoges electrostimulation for a long time - 50 hours.

According to the authors, the treatment of non-invasively, easily tolerated by the patient and promotes a good relationship with the staff. A successful detoxification is more than 80% of patients.

Electrical currents with Limoges has not reduced the overall development time syndrome, but significantly reduced the intensity (48%).

However, use of currents, the amplitude of the positive pulse component of which is 100 mA and the duration of the transcranial electrical stimulation continuously and once for 50 hours increases the likelihood of side effects, which is undesirable because it limits the cohort of patients that can be treated in this manner.

In addition, this method is only used for the relief of drug withdrawal syndrome, caused by the prohibition of drug use that can not effectively solve the problem of treatment of substance dependence.

Thus, the problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a sufficiently effective method of treating drug addiction with the use of transcranial electrostimulation and expanding cohort of patients that can be treated by this method.

This object is achieved by the fact that in the known method of drug treatment that includes relief of withdrawal symptoms using transcranial electrostimulation with currents, consisting of a package lasting 4 ms, with the frequency of 100 Hz, containing high bipolar rectangular pulses with a duration of a positive component of 2 ms and a negative is 4 microseconds, and having zero mean current for a time sufficient to achieve a positive effect according to the invention the amplitude of the positive component of the current pulses used for electrostimulation does not exceed 50 mA while the electrostimulation is carried out several times, alternating it with intermittent, the duration of each of which it is 6 to 12 hours, wherein in the first stage the electrostimulation is carried out for 36 - 48 hours and the duration of each of the subsequent stages electrostimulation is 6 - 12 hours, with each successive electrical parameters is performed with the same current.

This method provides a comprehensive treatment of addiction.

A complex therapy provides psycho-diagnostics, and therapeutic and rehabilitative therapies at all stages of treatment.

Furthermore, transcranial electrostimulation is carried out under continuous visual and instrumental control.

It was established experimentally that the use of transcranial electrical currents with an amplitude of the positive part of the pulse not exceeding 50 mA, can significantly reduce the level of intensity of the impact of current to the patient, which significantly reduces the risk of side effects and, in turn, extends the contingent of patients that can be treated this method.

This is repeated many times electrical, alternating with breaks, it makes the most reliable arrest patients, drug withdrawal syndrome and increase anti-drug unit.

It was established experimentally that it is the claimed sequence and duration of periods of electrical stimulation and breaks, can reliably to stop withdrawal symptoms and reduce craving for the drug, which in turn, enhances the effectiveness of this method.

Conducting a comprehensive treatment of drug addiction, in particular the implementation of psycho-diagnostics, as well as psychotherapeutic and rehabilitative therapies at all stages of treatment, contributes significantly to the effectiveness of drug treatment.

This is achieved by the fact that not only removed physical dependence - withdrawal symptoms, but is largely removed from the patient's psychological dependence of psychoactive substances.

In this study the psycho-diagnostics allows the patient's personality, which is beneficial to further psychotherapeutic and rehabilitative therapies, seeking psychological correction of personality.

Moreover, the implementation of transcranial electrostimulation under continuous visual and instrumental control even further reduces the risk of side effects and increase the efficiency of this method due to the possibility korregirovat time and modes of action of electrical pulses to the patient.

The essential features of the object "way" is different from the closest analogue, and should not be explicitly studied in the art, on the basis of which the applicant considers that the object is a "new" and has an "inventive step".

The method can be successfully applied in medical institutions, a method has thus "industrial applicability".

The method is as follows.

Patients - drug addicts - were subjected to psychological diagnostics, which aims to study the personality of the patient - a drug addict, in the following areas: - motivation for a cure; - Self-esteem; - Locus of control; - Family relations.

Motivation is determined by individual interviews with the patient and his inner circle (family). Primary individual advice is aimed at identifying the areas of conflict, the problem of social and personal nature, in the awareness of their own problems themselves addict. As a result of the conclusion of the degree of development of motivation for a cure.

To study the self-applied technique developed on the basis of work N.N.Peysahovym S.A.Budassi, N.A.Vikrova and E.S.Chuginovoy.

Determining the locus of control. Locus of control is a central construct of personality theory and social learning is a generalized expectation of the form in which people get reinforced these expectations. To study the locus of control method is used UKS (level of subjective control) developed Dzh.Rotterom.

Family relations are studied by using the following methods: - "An analysis of family relationships" - Z.G.Eydemillera-Yustitskogo; - "The test questionnaire parent relationship" A.Ya.Vart; - Transition questionnaire "Changing parental attitudes and reactions" - E. Schiefer; - Projective technique "incomplete sentences" (adapted from the Freeman-projection).

After the psychodiagnosis patient is exposed to transcranial electrical stimulation with currents, consisting of a package of low frequency (4 msec, 100 Hz), containing a balanced high-frequency pulses (166 kHz to 2 microsecond positive and negative 4 microseconds).

During the electrical stimulation to the patient is complete isolation under medical supervision, and protection for 5 to 7 days.

The electrodes are made of silver 999 area not less than 5 cm 2 are superimposed on three points: the anode in the nose directly between the eyebrows, two cathode nadmastoidalno directly on the upper edge of the ear and are attached with an adhesive plaster.

Then, connect the unit via the long electric wires, allowing the patient to move freely around the room. Options Electrosignal checked using an oscilloscope. On admission, all patients studied complete blood count, urinalysis, blood test for syphilis, hepatitis markers, AIDS, biochemical parameters: total protein, glucose, bilirubin, creatinine, fibrinogen.

In addition, the continuously monitored blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, body temperature of the patient - every two hours. Cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume, the degree of pulsation and the periphery of the main vessels, venous return by using a non-invasive monitoring system "Centaur" - every 6 hours.

Electrostimulation extends continuously for 36-48 hours until withdrawal cupping phenomenon that during this period can be expressed strongly enough. To determine the severity of withdrawal symptoms scale is used Kleber and Himmelsbach. Then there is a break 6 to 12 hours (depending on the patient of subjective sensations) and repeated with the same electrical current parameters another 5 - 7 times (multiple) of 6 to 12 hours duration with intervals of every 6 to 12 hours. In determining the length of hospital stay draws attention to the absence of subjective and objective disorder, and most importantly on the normalization of sleep. When the normal change of sleep and wakefulness electrostimulation stopped and the patient is discharged from hospital.

During the stay in the hospital the patient receives no treatment medikimentoznoy from receipt until discharge. Patients are always awake and available contact.

Since its withdrawal of narcotic withdrawal syndrome by transcranial electrical stimulation, patients undergo psychotherapy and rehabilitation therapies, which are carried out with the purpose of: - psychological correction of the personality of the patient; - More information about the patient, necessary for the proper organization of the subsequent psychotherapy, psychological and remedial work with them.

After 10 days after discharge, patients with their parents are invited to attend group therapy and individual interview.

Group psychotherapy conducted on methods: 1) bilintovskih groups, 2) rational psychotherapy, 3) suggestive techniques, 4) family therapy.

Such work should be carried out at least twice a month during the year.

The method was tested on 15 patients with drug addiction. The effectiveness of this method is confirmed by instrumental methods, psychological tests, the lack of undesirable side effects and the long absence of exacerbations of the craving for drugs.

Below are examples of specific performance tabulated.