Data recovery of data symbols

DATA RECOVERY FOR DATA SYMBOLS

PREVIOUS STAGE OF WORLDWIDE TECHNIQUE IN THE FIELD

Digital communication through noisy channels (for example, through power lines and wireless media) is a challenge for error-free data transfer between a transmitter and a receiver. Portions of the transmitted data may be corrupted by parasites, which results in receiver errors. Some procedures for communicating data symbols through noisy channels require retransmission of all received data symbols with errors.

These procedures are based on the probability that the retransmission will take place under less noisy channel conditions and that the data will be received error codes. However, if the channel is excessively noisy, there will most likely be errors in retransmitting the symbols, and nothing will be gained through retransmission.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

Aspects of the present disclosure are addressed to network applications intended for data communication in noisy environments and are applicable to a wide variety of applications, devices, systems and processes. in the case of one or more of the embodiments, the information is shared between several endpoints and a data processing device connected communicatively with them. Some of the embodiments ensure communication through networks for communication through power lines.

For example, in the case of one or more embodiments, a system includes several endpoints (e.g., energy measuring devices and / or processing units for power supplies) configured to exchange information (e.g. for example, energy consumption reports, programming information, control commands and / or status data) with a device for processing data through multiple channels for communication.

Some of the embodiments are intended for communication in networks for communication through the power supply line (PLC). For example, in the case of one or more embodiments, a system includes several endpoints (eg measuring devices) configured to exchange information (for example, provide energy consumption and / or data reports). control signals) with a data processing device (eg central control station) through 2018 00398

01/15/2016 several channels for communication. The data processing device is configured to interact with the set of endpoints and to receive data (ie, one or more bits) communicated by the endpoint via one or more power lines, using the set of channels for communication.

A data block is communicated by transmitting the data block through several PLC channels. After the signals representing the data block are received, through the PLC channels, the signal phases are aligned according to a common reference point. The processing device combines the energy from the aligned signals and discerns the data from the combined energy. The processing device provides the data determined in the form of a recovered data symbol.

As is generally applicable for other applications, in some embodiments, a system includes one or more endpoints connected to a network for communication. As used herein, an endpoint refers to a device having circuits configured to transmit and / or receive data blocks through one or more transmission media (for example, copper wires, fibers optical and / or wired) included in the network for communication. The system includes a data processing device having a data communication circuit coupled communicatively with one or more endpoint devices and being configured and arranged to receive data values ​​communicated by the endpoint devices via multiple channels for communication. At least one data block is communicated by the data block through several communication channels in the set of communication channels. A first signal, representing the transmitted data block, is received through a first communication channel from the set of different communication channels. A second signal, representing the block of transmitted data, is received via a second communication channel from the set of different communication channels. Since the signal phases are aligned by a common reference point, the energy of the data signals is combined and the output data are determined from the combined energy.

These and other aspects of the present disclosure are exemplified by a number of implementations and applications, some of which are described in the accompanying drawings and description below. Other features, details, aspects and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the description, drawings and claims.

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SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention may be more fully understood by considering the following detailed description of the various embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings. in which:

Figure 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary network environment in which endpoints transmit data;

Figure 2A shows an example of data symbol transmission and accumulation to improve signal to noise ratio;

Figure 2B shows an exemplary transmission and accumulation of data symbols to improve the signal to noise ratio.

Figure 3 shows a process for receiving data symbols according to one or more embodiments;

Figure 4 shows a process for selecting and adjusting the transmission of an endpoint based on the conditions of the communication channels used for the transmission;

Figure 5 shows a first process for relaying and retrieving data symbols according to one or more of the embodiments;

Figure 6 shows a system for exemplary communication, for simultaneously transmitting data symbols through spatially discernible channels;

Figure 7 shows a system for exemplary communication, for transmitting data symbols at the same time through spatially discernible channels;

Figure 8A shows an exemplary communication system, having an end point configured for transmitting a data block through several types of communication channels, according to one or more of the embodiments;

Figure 8B shows an exemplary modulation of a data block to produce a data packet for transmission through a communication channel, according to one or more of the embodiments;

Figure 8C illustrates an exemplary partial demodulation of a data block received by a collector circuit, according to one or more of the relay modes;

Figure 8D illustrates an exemplary combination of energy from partially demodulated data block, made by a data processing device, according to one or more of the embodiments;

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Figure 9 is a block diagram of an exemplary communication system, according to one or more of the embodiments; and

Figure 10 is a block diagram of an exemplary wireless communication system, according to one or more of the embodiments.

Even though the various embodiments are available for various modifications and alternative forms, their specificity has been presented by way of exemplification in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all the modifications, equivalences and alternatives that fall in the spirit and in the field of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

One or more ways to achieve this disclosure provide systems and procedures for recovering data from multiple data transmissions, which may have been affected by (community / transmission) errors during communication, as it may be. it often happens when data is transmitted over power lines from communication networks through power lines (PLCs). In such systems and communication media, it is important to communicate data with high accuracy (preferably without errors). In accordance with certain implementations and applications presented in connection with this disclosure, a substantial benefit has been provided for such systems and media for communication and, without the need to limit them, The present disclosure uses PLC networks to exemplify systems and processes in which corresponding data transmissions (some of which may be in error) are aligned with a common reference point for combining energy from these corresponding data transmissions and, in turn, determining correct data values ​​from the combined energy.

As exemplified in such PLC networks, in certain embodiments, several endpoints (eg, energy measuring devices and / or relay stations) are configured to exchange information (for example, energy measurement device reports). and / or control signals) in the form of data blocks (or simply data pools) with a remote data processing circuit, through several channels for communication through a line for electricity supply. The remote data processing circuit is sometimes implemented in the form of a central control station given that it will be generally managed by a power distribution company, which is 2018 00398.

1/15/2016 configured and arranged to supply and distribute energy to many homes (thousands of homes), apartment buildings, offices and many other types of facilities.

In this context, an endpoint device refers to a device (based on circuits) with circuits designed to transmit and / or receive data through a set of power lines in the PLC network, in which the power lines are coupled to circuits and used to supply energy to the various installations associated with the PLC network.

At the end of data transmissions, there is a circuit for receiving data and a circuit for transmitting data; for example, a circuit for receiving / transmitting data is located in the device at the endpoint and another is in a collector or other device managed by the central control station. These data communication circuits are intended to send and receive signals, which carry the data representing the data blocks as they are sent through the various communication channels defined by the PLC network and its communication scheme or protocol, and these are the types of communications that are subject to data communication errors, such as those caused by excessive noise that is present in the communication channels. The consequences of ignoring these errors are that the signals received, as well as the data blocks represented by these signals, are incorrect. In accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure, these signals are sent and received several times and some of these signals may be in error, the receiving device (or circuit) retrieves the true signal / data by aligning the received signals using a point. common reference (for example, a beginning, an intermediate and / or a final part of the data block) and by combining the received energy from the aligned signals. The receiving device then uses the combined energy to determine data from the combined energy before attempting to use the data as an output data block.

in the case of more specific embodiments, signals representing the same information are sent as duplicates or copies of each other, or as sufficiently correspondent in the data content, so that when they are received several times through the power lines , the true data content can be determined even in the presence of certain noise levels carried by the individual signals. The skilled artisan will understand that such acceptable degrees of noise can be tested and defined in relation to system parameters, including, for example, an expected amount of noise and an acceptable / tolerable number of times transmitting the same data content or of a corresponding content through the power lines. In cases where the number of available channels is limited, these parameters also take into account the time of day when such a noise of 2018 00398

01/15/2016 could be at high levels and how many channels will be available at those times. Typically, the higher the expected noise levels / types, the higher the number of sendings of the same data content or corresponding data content through power lines.

Even if these parameters and these toolkits can vary significantly, in certain system constructs, for example, the tolerable noise factor is defined as 18 db of signal at noise and higher, and a tolerable / acceptable number of times is in the domain of 1 to 4, when these corresponding signals are received by the same device for reception several times (for example, a first signal representing a data block transmitted between the different data blocks through a first channel for communication between the multiple different channels for communication and a second signal received, which also represents it on that data block transmitted between the different data blocks through a second channel for communication between multiple channels for different communication) the information carried by these signals is determined by aligning the phases of the first and the second signal, combining the energy from the first and second signal ready aligned and transforming the combined energy and from this providing the output data that represents that data block between the different data blocks.

In some embodiments, the transmission of a data block may include the transmission of one or more data symbols, or a portion thereof. For ease of explanation, examples with the transmission of an individual data symbol can be discussed. At least one data symbol is communicated by transmitting the data symbol through the set of separate communication channels, allocated for communication by one of the many endpoints. The transmission of the data symbol through separate communication channels can be carried out at the same time, overlapping, and / or sequentially over time.

In each receiving device, a logic circuit, such as a circuit that includes and is controlled by a computer program, is configured (designed as a processing device) to receive the set of data symbols through some of the channels for communication. If excessive noise is present in the communication channels, the symbols of the received data may be in error. The processing device combines the energy from the aligned data symbols and determines the true data from the communication signals that are received through the communication channels. The processing device provides the data determined in the form of an output data symbol.

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As it is more generally applicable in other applications, in some embodiments, one or more endpoints are configured to transmit data through the various transmission media (for example, copper wires, optical and / or wireless fibers). ).

In some embodiments, the data processor of the receiving device includes a communication circuit coupled communicatively with one or more endpoints. The communication circuit is configured to receive data symbols, which correspond to the respective transmissions of the same data symbols, through the set of channels for communication. The circuit for data communication aligns the phases of the received data symbols with respect to a common reference point. The data communication circuit is configured to combine the energy of the aligned data symbols and to determine a third data symbol from the combined energy.

In some embodiments, additional data symbols may be retransmitted if a data symbol cannot be determined from the combined energy of a first set of received data symbols at the same time. The energy of the retransmitted symbols and the first set of data symbols can be combined and used to recover an error-free data symbol. In the case of some implementations, retransmissions are made individually for each symbol received erroneously. In the case of implementations, a group of different data symbols (for example, a data packet) may be retransmitted in response to any of the data symbols in the data symbol group received with errors. Even though some of the embodiments are not so limited, for ease of reference, many of the examples are discussed mainly with regard to the transmission and retransmission of an individual data symbol.

Different modalities of implementation may use different schemes for retransmitting data symbols received with errors. In the case of embodiments, each transmission / retransmission transmits at the same time several situations of a data symbol through the respective separate communication channels. In the case of some embodiments, the number of data symbol states included in each transmission and / or retransmission may be adjusted based on the amount of noise in a given environment. In the case of some embodiments, such adjustment can be made based on the various channel state indicators, including, but not limited to, the error rate and / or the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

In the case of embodiments, the final devices are configured to relay a data symbol if the transmission is not confirmed by the data process within a certain time frame. In the case of some embodiments, the retransmission can be initiated through a retransmission request sent from the data processor. For example, if the correct value from the combined data cannot be determined, the 2018 00398

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the data processor requests the retransmission of the data symbol or data symbols received with errors.

The energy is respectively combined for the transmission / retransmission of data symbols that represent the same data symbol. Each of the multiple data symbols used for transmission / retransmission is modulated with the same coding scheme and is aligned phase with other data symbols (with which it is combined) after a common reference point (for example, the beginning of symbols or the end of symbols). . This approach can be modified by changing the modulation by trying to decrease the signal sensitivity to noise, while the transmission and retransmission of the data symbol are sent using the same modulation scheme.

Various embodiments may encode data symbols using various modulation schemes, which may modulate, for example, the frequency, amplitude and / or phase of a signal to encode a data value. In connection with the experimental modalities specifically discovered in connection with the present disclosure, the frequency shift modulation (FSK) schemes and the following frequency shift modulation schemes have been found to be particularly beneficial and complementary: BPSK (SK binary phase), QPSK ( squared phase SK), APSK (amplitude phase SK), DBPSK (binary differential phase SK), DQPSK (differential phase squared SK), DAPSK (differential phase modulation SK). For example, some modulation schemes encode more than one data value in the respective phases of a data symbol, such as for phase modulation (QAM). QAM modulates a phase signal (1) with a first data value, and a square phase signal (Q) (for example, rotated 90 degrees from the phase signal) with a second data value. For data symbols that include multiple phase components (for example, components I and Q), the energy is combined from data symbols received incorrectly by combining the energy of each phase component separately. For example, in an implementation using QAM to encode data symbols, the data processor is configured to combine the energy of two data symbols with errors by accumulating energy of signal components 1 to produce a combined value 1 and accumulating energy of the Q signal components to produce a combined Q value. A value of the correct component I of the symbol to be recovered is determined from the combined value I. Similarly, a value of the correct Q component of the data symbol to be retrieved is determined from the combined Q value.

Turning now to the figures, Figure 1 shows a block diagram of an exemplary network environment 100 in which the final points 102 transmit data according to one or more of the embodiments of the present disclosure. The network environment 100 includes a network of 2018 00398

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service 101 in which several endpoints 102a-102f are coupled (for example, communicatively coupled) with substitution processing units (SPUs) 104a, 104b. The SPUs provide the communications received from endpoints 102a-102f to a data processor (or data processing device) 112 (for example, a network management device). The data processor is configured to process communications that are received from SPUs 104a, 104b and / or to control aspects of the service network that are based, at least in part, on communications provided by SPUs 104a, 104b. The data processor 112 is configured to retrieve data from the set of concurrent transmissions and / or competing retransmissions (of the same data symbols) that are received with errors. The phases of the corresponding data transmissions are aligned by the data processing device to a common reference point, and the energy is combined from them. The correct data values ​​are then determined from the combined energy. In this example, the data processor 112 includes a data recovery circuit 120, configured to store combined values ​​(for example, combined I values ​​and combined Q values) 122. The data recovery circuit is also configured to determine the correct data values ​​of the received data symbols with errors using the combined values ​​in the accumulation register (s) 122.

Endpoints 102 can be any device that has the ability to transmit data in the network environment 100. For example, endpoints 102 may be measuring devices within a utility network (for example, electrical energy measuring devices, measuring devices for gas, or water measuring devices), computing devices, television terminals, or telephones transmitting data on the service network 101. Endpoints 102 may be implemented to monitor and report various operating characteristics of the service network 101. For example, in the case of a grid for distribution of electricity, the metering devices may monitor characteristics related to the use of electricity in the grid. Exemplary features related to the use of grid energy include average and total electricity consumption, voltage increases, voltage drops and load changes, among other features. The final points 102 report the operating characteristics of the service network 101 through the communication channels. The channels for communication may be respective portions of the spectrum through which data is transmitted. The central frequency and central bandwidth of each channel for communication depends on the communication system in which they are implemented. In some of the implementations, the communication channels for the measuring instruments of the distribution networks (for example, measuring devices for electricity, gas and / or water) can be implemented in the communication networks through power lines that dynamically allocate the width. of band available according to a 2018 00398 15/01/2016 technique of allocating the access spectrum by multiplexing in orthogonal frequency division, or another technique for allocating a channel (for example, time-division multiple access, code division multiple access, and other techniques for frequency division multiple access). As will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, in some embodiments, multiple channels for communication can be distinguished from one another spatially using multi-path propagation techniques, for example multiple input multiple output.

In some of the embodiments, the end points 102 are apparatus for measuring from a network for the distribution of electricity and transmit reporting data to the data processor 112. Reporting data may include, for example, measurements of total electricity consumption, electricity consumption for a specified period of time, peak electricity consumption, instantaneous voltage, peak voltage, minimum voltage, and other measurements related to electricity consumption and electricity management (eg load information). In the case of implementations, each of the measuring devices may also transmit status data that specifies a status of the measuring device (for example, operation in normal operation mode, emergency energy mode, or another status that follows after a power failure.).

In the case of implementations, data symbols (for example one or more bits) that include reporting data and / or status data, are transmitted continuously or intermittently for a specified period of time. A symbol period is a period of time in which a certain data symbol is transmitted. A symbol period for each data symbol transmitted by a measuring device may be less than or equal to the time interval with which updated measurement information is requested (for example, l / update rate). For example, in the case of an implementation, a specific metering device is required to provide updated metering information every 20 minutes (that is, the specified updating rate for the metering device). In this example, a measuring device can transmit a data value that represents little of a portion of a first set of measurement information updated at twenty minutes, and then transmits another data value, which represents a next set of information. updated metering for twenty minutes later. The discount rate for a measuring device can be specified by a network administrator based, for example, on the types and quantities of updated measurement information that are received from the measuring device, a consumer's preferences (for example, a power plant) ) to which the data, and / or the channel characteristics of the channel through which the data is transmitted are provided. An update speed of 20 minutes is used on 2018 00398

01/15/2016 for the purpose of exemplification, but any other rates may be used (for example, 1 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 1 hour, or 1 day).

In Figure 1, the end points 102a-102c and 102d-102f are each configured to communicate data to the substation processing units 104a, 104b. A data value can be communicated by transmitting several instances (106 and 108) of a data symbol at the same time, which represents the data value for separate communication channels. A substation processing unit (SPU, sometimes referred to as a collector) is a circuit-based device / data processing device, which typically includes logic circuits, such as a computer, the equipment being designed and programmed to receive communications from the endpoints and to manage the service network 101, or for transmission to a data processing device 112 and / or a data network 110. For example, an SPU (for example, block 104a in Figure 1) may include a receiving circuit (i.e., the receiver), which receives and processes symbols from endpoints (eg 102a, 102c) and records data from symbols. An SPU may also act on the basis of the data received from the endpoints and transmit the symbols to a data processing device 112, which manages the service network 101. The SPUs 104a, 104b may transmit the individual symbols, or generate the symbols a consolidated package 108, which includes data from several symbols received from endpoints 102a-102f.

In the case of some implementations, a single SPU (for example, 104a) can be configured to receive symbols from thousands of endpoints and to transmit symbols to a data processing device 112. The data processing device is a data processing device that processes communications that are received from the SPUs 104a, 104b and / or controls aspects of the service network based on, at least in part, the information extracted from the symbols received from SPUs 104a, 104b.

In the case of some embodiments, the device for data processing 112, from a PLC network, may receive data indicating that the electricity consumption is significantly higher in a certain part of the electricity supply network, than in other portions of the electricity grid. Based on this data, the data processing device 112 may allocate additional resources to that particular portion of the network (ie, load balancing), or may provide data that specifies that there is an increased consumption of electricity in a particular portion of the network.

In the case of implementations, the data processing device 112 provides data for the user devices 118, which can be accessed, for example, by the network operator, maintenance staff and / or consumers. For example, data identifying the consumption of 2018 00398

15/01/2016 increased electricity can be provided to a user device 118, accessible to the network operator, which can, in turn, determine an appropriate action regarding the increased consumption. Also, data identifying a usage time measurement and / or peak demand measurement may also be provided to the user device 118. Similarly, in the event of a power outage, the data processing device 112 may provide data to user devices 118, which are accessible to customers to provide information on the existence of the interruption and to possibly provide estimation information. duration of the power failure.

The data network 110 may be a large area network (WAN), a local coverage network (LAN), the Internet, or any other communication network. The data network 110 can be implemented as a cable network or a wireless network. Cable networks can include any networks imposed by the media, including, but not limited to, networks implemented using wires with metal wire, fiber optic material, or waveguides. Wireless networks include all free space propagation networks, including, but not limited to, networks deployed using radio wave and optical networks in free space. Even if only two SPUs, 104b and one data processing device 112 are presented, the service network may include many different SPUs, which can each communicate with thousands of endpoints, and many data processing devices, which I can communicate with more than one SPU.

Symbols from a specific endpoint (eg 102a) can be transmitted through thousands of channels for communication from a PLC system. For example, a specific set of channels may be assigned to each endpoint using the OFDM technique or another channel allocation technique. When endpoints 102a-l 02f are installed on a service network 101, endpoints 102a-102f may be allocated a symbol period. The period of the symbol, which is allocated to a specific end point, can be selected, for example, based on the signal characteristics (eg, signal amplitude) of the communication signals, which represent the symbols and are received by an SPU, in relation to the amplitude of the level. basic noise, which is present on the channel through which the signals are received. Each endpoint can be assigned a symbol period, so that the different endpoints can transmit symbols through different symbol periods. For example, the endpoint 102a may transmit each symbol within a 5-minute unit interval, while the final point 102b may transmit each symbol within a 20-minute unit interval. After a symbol period is assigned to an endpoint, the symbol period can be stored in a memory circuit (not shown in Figure 1) and indexed by (ie associated with) the endpoint and / or channel through through which they are received of 2018 00398

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the symbols at the end point. The data processing device 112 and / or the SPUs 104a, 104b can access the memory circuit to identify the symbol period that has been allocated to the endpoint.

Figure 2A shows an exemplary transmission of data symbols and their energy combination to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. A data block 202 is transmitted from a transmitter 210 to a receiver 230 via two or more different communication channels 212 and 214 via a noisy transmission medium 220. In this example, the data block 202, which includes four data symbols (SI, S2, S3, and S4), is modulated by the transmitter 210 to form a data packet 206 for transmission on a first data channel 212. The receiver can use one of many possible modulation techniques, such as QPSK. Data block 202 is modulated with the same modulation scheme to form a second data packet 208, for transmission to a first data channel 214, which includes the same data as the first data packet 206. Data packets 206 and 208 are transmitted at the same time at the TI time via separate communication channels 212 and 214.

At the receiver 230, the received data packet 232 is demodulated (for example, one symbol at a time), to determine the transmitted data symbols 236. The received data packet 234 is similarly demodulated and the data symbols are checked for errors, In this example, the receiver 230 detects errors in the data symbols 236 and 238. The receiver 230 combines the energy of the transmitted data packets 232 and 238 to produce combined energy values ​​240. The combined energy values ​​240 are demodulated to produce data symbols 242.

Since the energy is combined from several data symbols that correspond to the same value and modulation, the data signals must be cumulative in the combined values. On the contrary, since the random noise in the separate communication channels may differ, the noise components in the signals can be canceled out. Due to this behavior, the combined values ​​240 will have a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is better than any of the received data packets 232 and 234. As an example, for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), an implementation has been calculated for ensure an SNR improvement of around 3 db (assuming the same SNR on each received signal) for each of the data packets taken separately (eg (3 + x) db).

if the symbols 242 of the combined values ​​240 are error free, the data symbols 242 are sent to the output, and the combined values ​​240 are deleted. Otherwise, the combined values ​​240 are saved and the data packet may be retransmitted. where has 2018 00398

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any of the data symbols are error free, the previous combined energy values ​​can be removed, and the error free data symbols are sent to the output. Otherwise, the energy of the retransmitted data symbols is combined with the energy from the first transmission of the data symbols, which further enhances the SNR. This process is repeated in this way until the demodulated data symbols 242 from the combined values ​​240 are error free.

Figure 2B shows an example of transmitting data symbols and combining their energy to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. A data block 252 is transmitted from a transmitter 260 to a receiver 280 via two or more channels for communication 262 and 264 through a noisy transmission medium 270.

In this example, the data block 252, including four data symbols (S1, S2, S3, and S4), is modulated by the transmitter 260 to form the data packet 256 for transmission. In this example, each of the modulated data symbols consists of two subcarriers, CI and C2. Each of the sub-carriers is modulated with data using one of many possible modulation techniques, such as QPSK. The data block 252 is modulated with the same modulation scheme to form a second data packet 258, which includes the same data as the first data packet 256. unless other exemplary embodiments are discussed, in which the packets data is not transmitted at the same time, data packets 256 and 258 are transmitted at the same time TI through separate communication channels.

At the receiver 280, each sub-carrier of the received data packet 272 is separated into signal components I and Q, which are demodulated to determine the data symbols 286. The received data packet 274 is similarly demodulated, and the data symbols 288 are checked for errors. In this example, receiver 280 detects errors in data symbols 286 and 288.

The receiver 280 combines the energy of components 1 and Q for each subcarrier of the data packets. For example, components 1 (SICLI) that correspond to the first carrier (CI) of the first symbol (SI) are added together to form a combined value (SICI:! '). In the case of another example, the components Q (S2C2: Q), which correspond to the second subcarrier (C2) of the second symbol (S2) are added together to form a combined value (S2C2: Q '). The combined values ​​290 are demodulated to produce data symbols 292.

Given that the energy is combined from several data symbols that correspond to the same data value and modulation, the data signals will be cumulative in the combined values. Conversely, because the random noise in the separate communication channels may be different, the noise components in the signals may cancel each other out.

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Because of this behavior, the combined values ​​290 will have a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is better than any of the received data packets 272 and 274. For example, for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) an implementation has been calculated for ensure an improvement of the SNR of about 3 db for each of the data packets taken separately (eg (3 + x) db).

if the symbols 292 of the combined values ​​290 are error free, the data symbols 292 are output and the combined values ​​290 are eliminated. Otherwise, data values ​​290 are saved and the data packet may be retransmitted. If any of the data symbols are error free, the previous combined energy values ​​can be removed and the error-free data symbols are sent to the output. Otherwise, the energy of the retransmitted data symbols is combined with the energy from the first transmission of the data symbols, which further enhances the SNR. This process is repeated in this way until the demodulated data symbols 292 from the combined values ​​290 are error free.

Figure 3 shows a process for processing the received data symbols according to one or more embodiments. In block 302, a set of data symbols (for example, via a receiver and / or a signal processing circuit) is received simultaneously through one of several communication channels. In block 304, the data symbols are aligned with a common reference point. In block 306 the energy from the data symbol set is combined. As indicated above, some embodiments use a modulation scheme (for example, QAM) to encode multiple data values ​​in each symbol using different phase components (eg, components I and Q) of a carrier signal. In such embodiments, the energy of components I and Q may be combined separately to block 306 (for example, as described with reference to Figures 2A and 2B). In block 308 the data symbols are recovered as a function of the combined energy.

In the case of some embodiments, the scheme used to transmit the value of the data by an endpoint can be changed and / or adjusted based on the channel conditions (eg error rate and SNR). Figure 4 shows a process for selecting and adjusting the transmission according to the conditions of the communication channels used for transmission. In the case of this example, the retransmission is performed according to one or two schemes in mode A and mode B. While operating in A mode, each data symbol is communicated by a single transmission of the data symbol. While operating in mode B, a data symbol is communicated by transmitting the data symbol through multiple communication as described with reference to Figures 1-3. An endpoint device is initially configured to 2018 00398

01/15/2016 operate in mode A at block 404. When operating in mode A, a received and output data symbol is determined at block 410. When operating in mode B, the energy of multiple data symbols of parameters I and Q are combined with block 408 as described with reference to FIGS. 2B. In block 410, the symbols are determined based on the combined values ​​of I and Q and then output.

In block 412, the channel conditions are determined. In block 414 a retransmission mode is selected based on the determined channel conditions. In this example, if the channel has a high signal-to-noise ratio, the process is directed to block 404 where the end point is configured to operate using transmission mode A (if it is in mode B). In this way, the traffic on the environment is reduced for the transmission when the probability of the transmission error is low. On the contrary, if the channel has a low signal-to-noise ratio, the process is directed to block 406. At block 406, the end point is configured to operate in transmission mode B (if it was in mode A). This reduces the likelihood of retransmission being requested at the same time by multiple instances of the data symbol transmission. Optionally, in block 416, the number (N) of instances of a data symbol can be set which are transmitted at the same time. In the case of an implementation, a higher N is used if the channel conditions become worse, and a lower N if the channel conditions improve.

In the case of a very noisy environment, it may not be possible to determine the correct data symbols from the combined energy of the given symbol set. In some embodiments, a receiver may stimulate an endpoint to relay the symbol set and combine the energy from a retransmitted data symbol with the combined energy from the original data symbol set.

Figure 5 shows a first process for relaying and retrieving data symbols having components 1 and Q, according to one or more embodiments. A set of data symbols is received at block 502 and these are aligned with block 504. At block 506, the energies of components 1 and Q of the data symbols are combined to produce a combined energy 1 and a combined energy Q. If the symbols are a retransmission of the previous transmission, the decision block 508 directs the process to block 510. If not, block 510 is bypassed. In block 510, the combined energies I and Q are respectively summed with the combined energies 1 and Q from the previous transmission. If a data symbol is recoverable from the combined energies, the decision block 512 directs the process to request the retransmission of the data symbols to the block 516.

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A set of data symbols may be transmitted through various communication channels, which use different frequencies, different transmission times and / or different transmission paths. In the case of some implementations, the channels for communication can simultaneously transmit signals on the same frequency through a shared transmission medium. As described previously, the signals of each channel can be spatially distinguished from each other, using multi-path propagation techniques (eg, ΜΙΜΟ or more inputs and outputs).

Figure 6 shows an exemplary communication system for simultaneously transmitting data symbols through spatially discernible channels. In this example, a transmitter 602 is configured to transmit the same data symbols to N receivers 604 and 606, which are spatially separated from each other. The received symbols, or the measured energy, are communicated to one of the receivers (for example, 604) where they are combined, as described above, to facilitate error-free recovery. Alternatively, the data symbols, or the measured energy, may be communicated from all N receptors 604 and 606 to a central circuit (not shown in Figure 6) for processing and communicative coupling to the N receptors 604 and 606 . For example, referring again to Figure 1, the data symbols may be communicated from an endpoint 102a to several SPUs 104a and 104b. The data symbols received by the SPUs 104a and 104b can then be sent to a single data processing device 112, where the energy is combined, as previously described. Symbols received by receptors 604 and 606 (or their energy quantities) are communicated to select one of the receptors (for example, 604), to which they are combined, as described above, to facilitate error recovery. Alternatively, the data symbols or the measured energy may be communicated from all N receivers 604 and 606 to a central processing circuit (not shown in Figure 6) and communicatively coupled with the N receivers 604 and 606. for example, if we refer again to figure 1, the data symbols may be communicated from an endpoint 102a to several SPUs 104a and 104b. The data symbols received by SPUs 104a and 104b can then be forwarded to a single data processing device 112, where the energy is combined as described above.

Figure 7 shows an exemplary communication system, for transmitting data symbols at the same time, through spatially discernible channels. In this example, the system includes N transmitters 702 and 704, which are spatially separated from each other and are configured to transmit the same data symbols to a single receiver 706. The receiver 706 is configured to distinguish and separate the received data symbols from at 2018 00398

1/15/2016 each transmitter 702 and 704 using multi-path propagation techniques (eg M1M0). The receiver 706 aligns the separate data symbols and combines the energy from the aligned data symbols as previously described.

A set of data symbols can be transmitted through various communication channels, which use different frequencies, different transmission times, different transmission paths, different transmission technologies (eg RF and / or optical and / or PLC ) and / or a combination thereof. In the case of some implementations, the channels for communication can simultaneously transmit signals on the same frequency through a shared transmission medium. As previously described, the signals for each channel can be spatially distinguished from each other using multi-path propagation techniques (eg, M1M0).

Figure 8A shows an exemplary communication system, having an end point configured for the transmission of a data block at the same time through several types of communication channels according to one or more embodiments.

In the case of this example, the endpoint 810 is configured to communicate a data packet (PLC 1) encoding a data block to a PLC collector circuit 822 via a communication channel 836. The endpoint 810 is also configured to communicate a data packet (RF 1) encoding the data block through three channels for radio frequency (RF) communication 830, 832 and 834. In this example, the communication channels 830, 832, and 834 are spatially separated, as described with reference to Figure 6. An RF collector circuit 820 is configured to receive RF data packet 1 through the communication channel 830. end 812 and 814 are configured to receive the RF1 data packet via said communication channels 832 and 834. In this example, the RF 812 endpoint is configured to communicate data in the RF data packet 1 to the RF 824 collector via a different communication channel. Endpoint 812 is configured to encode data in the RF1 data packet to form an RF2 data packet for communication to the RF collector 824 via a different communication channel. Similarly, the RF endpoint 814 is configured to encode data in the RF data packet 1 to form an RF3 data packet for communication with the RF collector 824 via a different communication channel.

The channels for communication may use different periods of symbol, carrier frequencies, means for transmission and / or signal paths for the communication of PLC1, RF1, RF2 and RF3 data packets. Table 1 presents the exemplary symbol period and the frequencies of 2018 00398

15/01/2016 carriers that can be used to transmit each of the PLC data packets 1. RFl, RF2 and RF3 to the respective collector circuits 820, 822 and 824.

<td>Symbol properties</td><td>Symbol period</td><td>Subcarrier frequency C1</td><td>Sub-carrier frequency C2</td>

<td>PLC</td><td>10 s</td><td>1000.0 Hz</td><td>1000.1 Hz</td>

<td>RFL</td><td>1 ms</td><td>433,000 MHz</td><td>433.001 MHz</td>

<td>RF2</td><td>Ims</td><td>433.100 MHz</td><td>433.101 MHz</td>

<td>RF3</td><td>Ims</td><td>433.200 MHz</td><td>433.201 MHz</td>

TABLE 1 In this example, the collecting circuits 820, 822 and 824 are configured to communicate indicative data of the received data packets PLCl, RF1, RF2 and RF3, to a data processing device 840. In this example, the data processing device is communicatively connected with the collector circuits 820, 822 and 824, through an end-data network connection 838 (for example, Ethemet). In the case of some implementations, the data processing device 840 may be incorporated into one of the collecting circuits 820, 822 and 824. The data processing device 840 is configured to combine energy from the PLCl, RFl, RF2 and RF3 packages and to discern the data from them as described with reference to Figures 1-7.

Figure 8B shows an example of modulation of a data block to produce a data packet for transmitting an endpoint via a communication channel, in accordance with one or more embodiments. The modulation is performed, respectively, for each RFl and PLCl data packet transmitted by endpoint 810. A similar modulation is achieved by endpoints 812 and 814, which function as repeaters, by re-modulating the received data packet to form the RF2 and RF3 data packets. In the case of this example, a data block 850 that must be modulated includes 4 data symbols (SI, S2, S3, and S4). The symbols of each data block 850 are modulated to form the data packet 852 for transmission. Each of the modulated data symbols in data packet 852 in this example consists of two subcarriers, CI and C2. The data packet is transmitted to a collector circuit, for example, 820, 822 or 824 in Figure 8A.

Figure 8C illustrates an exemplary partial demodulation of a data block received by a collector circuit, according to one or more embodiments. In the case of this example, a received data packet 860 is partially demodulated in components 1 and Q for each sub-carrier of each symbol. For example, a first carrier of a first symbol (SICI) is demodulated into SICI components: Q and SICI .1. 2018 00398 Partially Demodulated Data Package

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<img file="RO133859A2_D0005.tif" />

862 it is transmitted to the data processing circuit 840, for example, by the collecting circuit 820 via the end data network 838. Similarly, the partial demodulation for the data packets received by the other collecting circuits 822 and 824 is performed.

Figure 8D illustrates an exemplary combination of energy from partially demodulated data blocks provided to data processing device 840. In this example, the data processing device 840 receives a partially demodulated data packet 862, generated by a PLC collector 822 in response to receiving the PLCI data packet. The data processing device 840 receives a partially demodulated data packet 864, generated by the RF collector 820 in response to receiving an RF1 data packet. The data processing device 840 also receives partially demodulated data packets 866 and 868. generated by the collector Rf 824 in response to receiving the RF2 and RF3 data packets.

The energy of components I and Q is individually combined for each symbol packet data carrier. For example, components 1 (SIC 1: 1), which correspond to the first sub-carrier (CI) of the first symbol (SI), are summed to form a respective combined value (SICLI '). In the case of another example, the components Q (S2C2: Q), which correspond to the second sub-carrier (C2) of the second symbol (S2), are summed to form a respective combined value (S2C2: Q '). The combined values ​​870 are demodulated to produce data block 872, as described with reference to Figure 2B.

Figure 9 is a block diagram of an exemplary communication system, according to one or more embodiments. A data processing circuit 920 (for example, a central control station on a PLC network) is communicatively connected to receive data symbols transmitted by a 910 endpoint via one or more communication channels of a connection to a thread. In this example, the end point includes the circuit for generating data 912 (for example, a power meter) that generates the data to be communicated. The symbols are modulated by the circuit for modulation 914 and temporarily synchronized by the circuit for the synchronization of symbols 918. The modulated symbols are transmitted by cable connected by the circuit for processing channel 916. A channel for processing channel 922, of the circuit for processing data 920, is configured to transmit data symbols. The symbols are demodulated by the circuit for demodulation 924 and synchronized by the circuit for the synchronization of symbols 928. The circuit for analysis and recovery 926 combines the energy of the received symbols with errors and determines the correct data value of the symbol from the combined energy, as described in the figures from 1-8.

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Even though the data symbols in figure 9 are communicated through a wired connection, various embodiments can recover the data values ​​of the symbols transmitted through wireless media. For example, Figure 10 shows a block diagram of a wire communication system, for example, according to one or more embodiments. In this example, a wire access point 1020 is communicatively connected to receive wire data data symbols transmitted by a wireless device 1010. In this example, the wireless device 1010 includes the data generating circuit 1012 (for example, a device for measuring energy), which generates the data to be communicated. The symbols are modulated by the modulation circuit 1014 and temporarily synchronized by the petron synchronizing the symbols 1018. The modulated symbols are transmitted wire country by the channel processing circuit 1016. A circuit for processing the channel 1022 of the wire access point 1020 is configured to receive the symbols. of transmitted data. The symbols are demodulated by the circuit for demodulation 1024 and synchronized by the circuit for the synchronization of symbols 1028. The circuit for analysis and recovery 1026 combines the energy of the symbols received with errors and determines a correct value of the data of the symbol from the combined energy, as described in figures 1-8. .

In accordance with other embodiments, aspect of the above-described PLC system is implemented and used in communication with signal modulation (SMC), in which data is encoded and shared wirelessly between the data processing device, which includes a data transmitter. and the circuit for data encoding, and more SMC endpoints.

The set of SMC endpoints are located at the respective locations and are configured to monitor the transmitted SMC data for those locations. The data processing device is located separately and at a distance from the respective locations and is configured and arranged to share information, in different forms of the data blocks, representing, respectively, different aspects of the information, with the SMC endpoints.

SMC endpoints are circuit-based devices, such as electronics and appliances (for example, tablets, or smartphones, remotes, appliances, energy-saving data receivers, laptops, etc.). The SMC endpoints communicate the wire country with the data processing device, which includes a data transmitter and with the data encoding circuit for sending the wire of the data blocks for reception, through several different communication channels, from the respective SMC endpoints. The set of SMC endpoints and one or more such data processing devices are configured and arranged to:

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1/15/2016 share information by wirelessly transmitting one or more data blocks through different communication channels, to receive wirelessly a first signal, which represents a data block transmitted between different data blocks, through via a first channel for communication from a plurality of different communication channels and also for wirelessly receiving a second signal, which represents a data block transmitted from the set of different data blocks through a second channel from the set of different communication channels, and discerns the information carried by the different data blocks. This information is determined as a function of a signal in relation to the size of the noise associated with the first signal and the second signal by:

aligning the phases of the first and second signals, combining the energy from the first and second signals already aligned and transforming the combined energy and from this providing the output data representing the block between the different data blocks.

In the case of more specific embodiments, such systems as those described above are configured and arranged so that the SMC endpoints are wirelessly coupled to the data transmitter by one or more optical signal paths and at least by a radio frequency (RF) signal path. In such systems, where the SMC endpoints are optically coupled, the data transmitter includes a light-emitting diode (LED) circuit, configured and arranged to generate light pulses, which encode the information in the data block, and each file. SMC endpoint includes an optical receiver configured and arranged to receive and decode encoded information. In such a system, in which the SMC endpoints are communicatively coupled by RF, the data transmitter includes a circuit for RF transmission, configured and arranged to generate modulated RF signals, which encode the information in the data block, and each endpoint The SMC includes an RF receiver. configured and arranged to receive and decode encoded information.

The process described herein may be implemented using various types of analog / digital electronic circuits, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including the structures described in this specification and their structural equivalents, or in combination with one or more of them. For example, a data processing device may be any of a number of different data processing devices, devices, and machines, for example, instructions executed on a processor, computer, system, or chip. or on several, or on different combinations thereof. The device includes a special purpose logic circuit, for example an FPGA (field programmable gateway network) or an ASIC (specific application integrated circuit). The device may also include in addition to 2018 00398

15/01/2016 hardware, the code that creates an execution environment for the respective computer program, for example, the code that constitutes the processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, an environment cross-platform execution, a virtual machine, or a combination of one or more of them. The device and the environment for execution can create various model infrastructures for computing, such as web services, distributed computing infrastructures and network computing infrastructures.

The logical processes and flows described in this specification may be performed using one or more programmable processors that execute one or more computer programs to perform actions by operating on the input data and generating the output data. Logical processes and flows can also be performed through, and a device can also be implemented as a special-purpose logic circuit, for example, an FPGA (field programmable gateway network) or an ASIC (integrated circuit with specific application).

Suitable processors for execution on a computer program include, for example, both general-purpose and special-purpose microprocessors and any processor or more processors of any type of digital computer. In general, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory, a random-access memory, or both. The essentials of a computer are a processor for performing actions according to instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include or be operationally coupled to receive data from, to transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, for example, magnetic disks. , magneto-optical, or optical discs. However, a computer does not need to have such devices. Also, a computer can be embedded in another device, for example, mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile device for audio or video playback, a game console, a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, or a portable storage device (for example, a universal serial bus (USB) flash drive) to indicate only a few. Suitable devices for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, media and memory devices, including, for example, semiconductor memory devices, for example, internal hard drives or replaceable disks; magneto-optical discs; and CDROM and DVD-ROM discs. The processor and memory may be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special-purpose logic circuits.

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Ways of accomplishing the inventive theme described under this specification may be implemented in a computer system that includes a component for content management, for example, as a data server, or that includes a middleware component, for example, a server application, or that includes a visitor interface component, for example, an auxiliary computer having a graphical user interface.

These system components can be interconnected in any form or in any digital data communication environment, for example, network for communication. Examples of communication networks include a local area network (LAN) and a wide area network ("WAN"), an inter-network (eg, the Internet), and computer networks with distributed architecture (eg, "peer" networks). ad hoc).

The computing system may include auxiliary computers and servers. An auxiliary and a server are generally remote from each other and typically operate through a communication network. The relationship between an auxiliary computer and a server is defined by the computer programs running on the respective computers having an auxiliary-server relationship with each other, in the case of some embodiments, a server transmits data to an auxiliary device (for example, for display purposes data for a user and to receive input from a user interacting with the auxiliary device). Data generated on the auxiliary device (for example, as a result of user interaction) may be received from the auxiliary device to the server.

Even though this specification contains many details for specific implementations, they should not be considered as limitations of the scope of the invention, or of what is claimed, but rather as descriptions of specific features for particular embodiments of particular inventions. Certain features, which are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments, may also be implemented in combination with a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in context to a single embodiment may also be implemented in several different embodiments or in any appropriate sub-combination. Also, even though the features may have been described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features of the combination claimed may, in certain cases, be directed to a variation. of the sub-combination.

Similarly, even if the operations are presented in drawings in a certain order, this should not be understood as requiring that those operations be performed in the particular order presented, or in a sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed to achieve the desired results. In certain circumstances, multi-tasking and parallel processing may be 2018 00398

1/15/2016 advantageous. Also, the separation of the various components of the system from the embodiments described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in the case of all embodiments, and it must be understood that the program components described can in general , be integrated together into one software product, or bundled into multiple software products.

The various embodiments described above are provided for illustration purposes only and should not be considered for limiting the invention. Based on the above discussion and illustrations, those skilled in the art will readily acknowledge that various modifications and changes can be made without strictly following the exemplary embodiments and applications illustrated and described herein. For example, even though the implementations may, in some cases, be described in individual figures, it will be understood that the characteristics of a particular figure may be combined with the characteristics of another figure, even if the combination is not explicitly presented or described. explicit as a combination. The intention is that the specification and embodiments illustrated are to be considered only as examples, the true field of the invention being that indicated by the following claims.