Front gleaner for harvesting machines

The invention relates to a front harvester, mounted on a harvesting machine, intended for harvesting cereals, for example maize.

According to the EP 91635 patent, a harvesting machine is known which has a front collector provided with detachable rollers, to which corresponds a number of fixed knives, which penetrate into the corresponding slots practiced in the blades of the firing rotors, thus causing a shredding of the plants. The knives are arranged, for example, at the lower end of the partial sheath of the firing rotor, so that, in view of the forward inclined position of the front collector, the plant is grasped by means of the pull rotors and pulled down by the slots mentioned above, after which is crushed with the help of fixed shredding knives. In this type of crop, the plants are pulled down, and the stems are cut obliquely in relation to their longitudinal axis; In this way a large contact surface is obtained, which ensures an acceleration of the process of decomposition of the chopped stems. Under these conditions, the stems of the plants are directed and pressed by the fixed knives, which implies the intervention of relatively important forces.

In patent application EP 474072 there is presented a harvesting machine designed to work as a front collector of a combine or other similar machine. The cutting plant consists of two axes spaced apart, which rotate in the opposite direction and on which are mounted at least one cutting disc and a starred element, disposed in the vicinity of the disc. The cutting edges of the cutting discs that work together are arranged so that they overlap. For this general provision, therefore, two pull rotors are required on which the cutting discs are mounted.

At this known general disposition, the operation of grasping the stems takes place concurrently with the one of their sectioning, so that the stems of the plants get to be cut too early, that is to say in a phase in which the firing rotors have not yet been able to grasp the stems well. ; In such conditions, it may happen that the whole strain, together with the corn stalks, may arrive in the stool, where it necessarily leads to major disturbances in operation.

The fact that the cutting discs overlap and are in contact with one another results in a huge wear of these discs; on the other hand, the energy consumption is higher than in the case of the machine covered by EP 91653.

The arrangement of the two axles spaced apart, according to the patent EP 474072, implies, in all cases, two firing rotors and therefore excludes the possibility of being used together with a partial jacket or rotary rotator in the opposite direction.

The technical problem solved by the invention consists in making a front harvester for harvesting machines, with which the cutting of the stem is done by sliding the cutting edge of rotary cutting discs along the plant's stem, so that energy consumption is reduced compared to others. known types of machines, and the plant stems can be firmly gripped by the rotor or rotors before performing the cutting operation, so that the corn can only reach corn stalks or other plants of cultivation, detached next to the slot of the collector.

The front harvester for harvesting machines, according to the invention, is equipped or not with a partial mantle, associated with a firing rotor which is provided on its circumference with blades that have slots that penetrate shredding devices, made in the form of discs. rotary cutters, the shredding devices being disposed on an own bearing shaft, oriented parallel to the axis of the firing rotor, the axis of the bearing shaft viewed from the intake slot being located below the axis of the firing rotor.

In other embodiments, various forms of the collar assembly are possibleRO 114528 of the front blade which has replaced the fixed blades with its own rotary cutting shaft. 50

The front harvester for harvesting machines, according to the invention, has the following advantages:

- energy consumption is reduced,

- only corn stalks or other plants of culture, which are separated by the collector's slit, arrive in the bathhouse; 55

- The cutting of the stem is done by sliding the edge along the stem.

- the cutting discs make up their own cutting tree.

In the following there are presented several variants of the harvester front for harvesting machines, in connection with fig. 1 ... 8 which represents:

FIG. 1, side view of a front collector; 60

- Fig. 2, partial section and front view of the collector;

- fig. 3, enlarged section of the front collector;

- fig.4, section A - A through the collector of fig.3;

-fig.5, section by collector in another embodiment;

- fig.6, section through the collector, in another embodiment; 65

- fig.7, section by collector, in another embodiment;

- fig.8, section through the collector, through another embodiment;

The front collector 1 for harvesting machines, according to the invention, is provided, for each line of plants separately, with a pulling rotor 2 oriented in the direction of travel and which is closed to the right with a partial cover 14. This 70 partial cover serves as we counteract for pulling down and cutting corn stems 52 and 53.

in FIG. 1 and 2, the stem 53 is represented when it is still upright, while the stem 52 is already partially pulled down and the corn chips in the image are near the breaking edge of an inlet slot 15. 75 in the lower area of ​​the partial jacket 14, the cutting devices 10 are provided which are formed from the cutting discs of a separate cutting shaft. The cutting discs enter the slots of the firing rotor 2. When the corn stalks pass through these cutting devices 10, a crushing process takes place. 80

The detachment of the corn chips takes place in the inlet slot 15 and is carried out with the help of two detachment plates 16. The corn chops are then taken up by the conveyor chains 17 and directed to a piece 54 in the form of a gutter, from where it is then evacuated with the aid of a transverse helical conveyor 51.

According to FIG. 1 and 2, following the intervention of the cutting devices 10 results in the cutting 55.

in FIG. 3 and 4 are presented, on a larger scale, a first variant of the front collector. In Fig. 3 it comprises frame frames 19 and 20, of which the support 19 supports a partial mantle 14, which has at the bottom a cutting roller 22 made up of a number of cutting discs 11. These 80 cutting discs 11 are mounted on a bearing shaft 12. The cutting discs 11 are preferably rigidly mounted on the bearing shaft 12 whose support system allows its rotation. The direction of rotation of the cutting roller 22 and the direction of rotation of the firing rotor 2 are indicated by arrows. Looking from the intake slot 15, the axis of the bearing shaft 12 is disposed below the axis of the firing rotor 2. In this way 85, at the time of cutting, the plant stem is gripped tightly by the firing system, which consists of the firing shaft 2 and the partial mantle 14. in the part

RO 114528 Bl bottom, the installation is protected by the closing element 21.

In the example of FIG. 3, the firing rotor 2 is provided with some blades 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 also called breaking edges. Pallets 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 extend along the entire length of the firing rotor 2, following a spiral path, thus ensuring a continuous variation of the rotation moment. Pallets 3,4,5,6,7 and 8 have slots 9 in which the cutting discs 11 penetrate.

At the top of the frame supports 19 and 20 are provided detachment plates 16 defining an intake slot 15, a slot having a contour edge on the contour. Above the detachment plates 16 are provided pulling chains 17 and 18, shown in fig. 3 through their drive rotors. The position of the detach plates 16 can be adjusted hydraulically.

As shown in FIG. 4 the cutting discs 11 mounted on the cutting roller 22 penetrate into the slots 9 of the blades 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 and partially into the provided guide slots and on the core of the firing rotor 2.

In another embodiment of the front collector, according to FIG. 5 it is equipped with a partial casing 14, with the firing rotor 2 being associated with a rotor 23 which rotates in the opposite direction from the firing rotor 2. Pulling rotor 2 has only five blades 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, and rotor 23 has three blades. The rotors 2 and 23 are adjusted so that the blades engage intermittently, the ends of the blades of the rotor 23 rotating in the opposite direction penetrate the winding circumference described by the pulling rotor 2.

The blades of the firing rotor 2 and the blades of the rotor 23 with rotation in the opposite direction are provided with slots in which the cutting disks 11 from the cutting roller 22 enter, this being disposed in an appropriately lowered position.

In another embodiment according to FIG. 6, the front harvester for harvesting machines comprises a rotor 23 with rotation in the opposite direction, which has the short blades so that they do not cross the circumference of the pulling rotor 2, and the cutting discs 11 do not penetrate into the corresponding slots between the rotor blades. 23 which has a rotation in the opposite direction.

In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the front collector does not have a partial cover, and the possible directions of rotation of the various components are indicated by arrows.

In a last embodiment, according to FIG. 8, two pull rotors 2 and 2a are provided, which cooperate with a cutting roller 22.

In all the embodiments of the front collector shown above, it should be noted that, the cutting rollers can be freely rotated so that the cutting discs 11 rotate freely around a central bearing shaft 12 of the cutting roller 22, or that the cutting discs 11 can be fixedly fixed to the bearing shaft 12 which rotates in this way, together with the cutting discs 11.

The cutting roller 22 and the cutting discs 11 respectively may be so designed as to rotate freely or may be actuated so that their direction of rotation is opposite to the direction of rotation of the firing shaft 2 or in the same direction as the direction of rotation thereof. pull rotor 2.

In all the abovementioned variants, the cutting roller 22 is made as an independent cutting roller and not as a component dependent on the firing rotor 2, and the cutting roller 22 is thus mounted relative to the firing rotor 2 so that the cutting only begins after the stem has been firmly gripped by the

EN 114528 Blowing, so that it continues to be pulled down and after the stem has been cut.