Instrument lock assembly for trocar

DESCRIPTION

TRACKING INSTRUMENT LOCKING MECHANISM

NOTE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is based on Provisional Patent Application No. 60/506737, filed September 30, 2003, entitled TRADING INSTRUMENT LOCKING MECHANISM.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to trocar mechanisms. More particularly, the invention relates to structures for locking an instrument in position relative to a trocar sleeve and / or trocar obturator.

2. Description of the Prior Art

A trocar mechanism is a surgical instrument used to access a body cavity. A trocar mechanism generally comprises two main components, a trocar sleeve, comprising a trocar housing and a trocar cannula, and a trocar obturator. The trocar cannula with the trocar obturator inserted through it is directed through the skin to access a body cavity through the tube allowing for laparoscopic or arthroscopic and endoscopic surgery procedures. In order to penetrate the skin, the distal end of the trocar cannula is placed against the previously cut skin with a scalpel. The trocar plug has a rounded tip or cutting edge at its distal end. By applying pressure to the proximal end of the trocar obturator, the tip is forced through the skin until it enters the body cavity. The trocar cannula is inserted through the perforation made by the obturator and the obturator is withdrawn, leaving the trocar cannula as a gateway to the body cavity.

As the trocar mechanism is inserted into the patient, it is often desirable to use an endoscope or other instrument in combination with the trocar mechanism. However, it is often difficult to maintain the endoscope or other instrument in a desired position relative to the trocar mechanism.

As such, there is a need for a convenient locking mechanism that facilitates placement of endoscopes and other instruments relative to a trocar mechanism. The present invention provides such a locking mechanism.

US-5725504 discloses a locking mechanism for use with a trocar sleeve. It comprises a cam lever but no elastomeric block.

US-A-6080134 discloses a parenchymal screw for locking surgical instruments comprising meat levers and an elastomeric block.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a locking mechanism for use in combination with a trocar sleeve. The locking mechanism includes a locking mechanism housing having an opening extending therethrough. The locking mechanism also includes a cam lever and an elastomeric block disposed within the locking mechanism housing. The cam lever includes a first end pivotally attached to the locking mechanism housing and a second free end that is adapted to be actuated by the user, wherein rotation of the cam lever causes the elastomeric block to engage a instrument passing through the locking mechanism housing to lock an instrument therein.

A shutter is also provided for use with a trocar sleeve. The plug includes a shaft having a distal end and a proximal end, and having a passageway extending therethrough. The plug of the present invention also includes an instrument locking device at the proximal end of said shaft. 0 The instrument locking device comprises a compressible material that abuts against an instrument when the instrument is inserted and locked within the passageway.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an instrument locking device for use with a trocar. The instrument locking device includes a housing having a passageway extending therethrough, and a compressible material disposed within the housing to selectively abut against an instrument when an instrument is inserted and locked within said passageway.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description which sets forth certain embodiments of the invention when considered in combination with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view of a trocar mechanism according to the present invention.

Figure 2 illustrates an exploded view of the trocar mechanism shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the trocar mechanism shown in Figure 1.

Figure 4 illustrates an exploded sectional view of the trocar mechanism shown in Figure 1.

<td>The figure</td><td> 5</td><td>illustrates a detailed view</td><td>of</td><td>mechanism of</td>

<td>retention</td><td colspan="2">rotary used according to</td><td>with</td><td>the gift</td>

<td>mechanism</td><td>in</td><td>trocar.</td><td></td><td></td>

<td>The figure</td><td> 6</td><td>illustrates an exploded view</td><td>of</td><td>mechanism of</td>

proximal seal according to the present trocar mechanism.

Figure 7 illustrates a perspective view from below of a sealing segment.

Figure 8 illustrates a top view of a sealing segment.

Figure 9 illustrates a sectional view along the IXIX line of Figure 8.

Figure 10 illustrates a sealing body composed of four sealing segments as shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9.

Figure 11 illustrates a perspective view from above of a protective segment.

Figure 12 illustrates a view from below of a protective segment.

Figure 13 illustrates a protector composed of four protective segments as shown in Figures 11 and 12.

Figure 14 shows a perspective view from above of a duckbill sealing mechanism according to the present invention.

Figure 15 illustrates a sectional view along line XV-XV of Figure 14.

Figure 16 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view along line XV-XV of Figure 14.

Figure 17 illustrates an exploded view of the sleeve.

<td colspan="4">trocar according to the present invention.</td><td rowspan="2">mango</td><td rowspan="2">in</td>

<td>The figure</td><td>18 illustrates a</td><td>another exploded view</td><td>gives</td>

<td>trocar</td><td>according to the</td><td>present invention.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>The figure</td><td>19 illustrates a</td><td>perspective view</td><td>gives</td><td>mango</td><td>in</td>

<td>trocar</td><td>mounted shown</td><td>in Figures 17 and 18.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>The figure</td><td>20 illustrates a</td><td>perspective view</td><td>The</td><td>leave</td><td>in</td>

<td colspan="2">behind the trocar sleeve</td><td>shown in the Figures</td><td> 17 (</td><td> 5 18.</td><td></td>

Figure 21 illustrates an exploded view according to an alternative embodiment of the trocar sleeve.

Figure 22 illustrates a partial exploded view according to an alternative embodiment of the trocar sleeve as shown in Figure 19.

Figures 23 and 24 illustrate exploded views of another embodiment of the trocar sleeve.

Figure 25 illustrates a detailed view of the endoscope locking mechanism.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein. It should be understood, however, that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which may be embodied in a number of ways. Accordingly, the details disclosed herein should not be construed as limiting, but merely as grounds for the claims and as grounds for explaining to one skilled in the art how to carry out and / or use the invention.

An endoscope locking mechanism is disclosed for a trocar mechanism. The locking mechanism provides controlled placement of an endoscope relative to a trocar mechanism. Although the locking mechanism is disclosed as being adapted for locking an endoscope in position, the locking mechanism may be used for locking other instruments without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Referring to Figures 1 to 5, the trocar mechanism 10 generally includes a trocar cannula 12, a trocar obturator 14, and a trocar housing (or cable) 16. The trocar cannula 12 defines an inner lumen 18 having an open distal end portion 20 and an open proximal end portion 22. The proximal end portion 22 extends inwardly and distal end portion 24 of the trocar housing 16 the trocar housing 16 has an open proximal end portion 26 defining an opening 28. The opening 28 is provided with a sealing mechanism 30 here described further in detail hereinafter. The opening 28 is further fitted with the

One is a duckbill sealing mechanism 32 placed under the proximal sealing mechanism 28. Although the present sealing mechanism is disclosed as a proximal sealing mechanism forming part of a dual sealing system, the present sealing mechanism may be used in an individual sealing system.

In general, the trocar sleeve 44 is comprised of a trocar cannula 12 and a trocar housing 16. The trocar housing 16 includes a first housing element 36 and a second housing element 38. The second housing element 38 is primarily comprised of a second housing element cover 38a and a second housing element holder 38b. Although housing 16 is disclosed as being composed of two components, the possibility of using a single component is contemplated. The two component housing shown aids in sample removal.

trocar plug 14 is slidable and removable from inside the trocar cannula 12 and is inserted into the trocar housing 16 and the trocar cannula 12 through the proximal sealing mechanism 30, the sealing mechanism 32 duckbill and opening 28 of trocar housing 16. A plug cable 34 is provided at the proximal end of the trocar plug 14 and a tip or blade (not shown) is formed at its distal end. As is well known in the art, the proximal sealing mechanism 30 cooperates with the outside of the instruments (e.g., trocar obturators and other tools adapted for use in combination with trocar-based processes) extending through the trocar sleeve to tightly engaging its outer surface and thereby preventing fluid from passing through the trocar housing 16.

ROTARY RETENTION SYSTEM

With regard to the trocar housing 16 and with reference to Figures 1 to 5, the trocar housing 16 is constructed from a first housing element 36 and a second housing element 38 which are selectively joined for reasons. which will be discussed later in more detail. The first and second housing elements 36, 38 include aligned, profiled and sized openings 40, 42 for receiving instruments that selectively pass through the trocar housing 16.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, it is important that the first and second housing members 36, 38 remain securely bonded during insertion of the trocar sleeve 44 into the abdominal wall as well as during the normal course of a process. However, it is also desirable to remove the first housing member 36 during removal of a sample, for example from the abdominal cavity. Removal of the first housing member 36 allows the sample to pass only through the duckbill sealing mechanism 32 rather than through not only the duckbill sealing mechanism 32 but also the proximal sealing mechanism 30. This provides for easier sample removal and less traumatic action on the sample during the removal process.

The first housing element 36 supports the proximal sealing mechanism 30 and is located at the top of the second housing element 38 on which the duckbill sealing mechanism 32 is mounted. The first housing element 36 includes an opening 40 extending therethrough. The proximal sealing mechanism 30 is placed within the opening 40 of the first housing element 36.

As in the second housing element 38, the second housing element 38 includes an opening 42 extending therethrough. The duckbill sealing mechanism 32 is disposed within the opening 42 of the second housing member 38 adjacent the upper surface 50 of the second housing member 38. Indeed, and for reasons which will be discussed in greater detail later, the peripheral rim 52 of the duckbill sealing mechanism 32 is placed directly adjacent the upper surface 50 of the second housing member 38 to engage the lower surface 54 of the first one. housing element 36.

The connection of the first housing element 36 to the second housing element 38 is facilitated by means of a rotary retaining mechanism 56. In particular, the first housing member 36 includes first and second downwardly extending arms 58. Each of the downwardly extending arms 58 includes a downwardly engaging engagement surface 60 and an outwardly retaining retaining surface 62.

The second housing member 38 similarly includes a retaining ring 64 with first and second retaining members 66 to engage respectively with the respective retaining surfaces 62 of the first and second downwardly extending arms 58 of the first housing element 36. The retaining ring 64 is axially aligned with the central axis of the trocar sleeve 44 and is located in an annular groove 68 about the perimeter of the duckbill sealing mechanism 32. Although the retaining ring 64, according to a preferred embodiment, rotates about a central axis of the trocar housing 16, the retaining ring 64 may rotate about other axes. The retaining ring 64 is rotatable about the central axis of the trocar sleeve 44, but is connected to the trocar housing 16 by a spring 70. The spring 70 holds the retaining ring 64 in a locked position with a small default thrust. However, spring 70 allows rotation of retaining ring 64 while gripping the first housing member 36. The first and second retaining elements 66 include upwardly engaging engagement surfaces 72 which interact with the downwardly engaging engagement surfaces 60 of the first and second downwardly extending arms 58 of the first housing member 36.

The first and second retaining members 66 each include a profiled upward engaging surface 72 and sized to engage the engaging surfaces 60 of the downwardly extending arms 58 respectively. Similarly, the first and second retaining elements 66 include profiled inwardly retained retaining surfaces 74 for engagement with the outwardly facing retaining surfaces 62 of the first and second downwardly extending arms 58.

In practice, retention of the first and second retaining members 36, 38 is achieved by passing the first and second downwardly extending arms 58 through holes 76 formed in the upper surface 50 of the second housing member 38. When the first and second downwardly extending arms 58 extend through the respective holes 76 adjacent the first and second retaining members 66 of the retaining ring 64, the engaging surfaces 60 of the respective first and second arms 58 downwardly engaging engagement surfaces 72 of the first and second retaining members 66. The engagement causes the retaining ring 64 to rotate in a manner that allows the first and second downwardly extending arms 58 to extend beyond the first and second retaining members 66. This rotation proceeds against the predisposition provided by the spring 70.

After the first and second downwardly extending arms 58 move past the first and second retaining members 66, the spring 70 acting on the retaining ring 64 causes the retaining ring 64 to return to its original position and the outwardly facing retaining surfaces 62 of the first housing member 36 engage the inwardly facing retaining surfaces 74 of the second member. Housing 38 for securely joining the first housing element 36 to the second housing element 38. The first and second housing members 36, 38 are selectively disengaged by operating a lever 78 attached to the retaining ring 64. Rotation of lever 78 causes the retaining ring 64 to rotate by disengaging the first and second retaining members 66 of the downward extending arms 58.

The housing surface includes upper second member 38 holes 76 which allow the downwardly extending arms 58 of the first housing member 36 to pass only with a small clearance. This limited clearance allows very small movement of the downwardly extending arms 58 either in the plane of the holes 76 or in flexion. Therefore, when the first housing element 36 is secured to the second housing element 38, the only forceful release means of the first and second housing elements 36, 38 is to pull the first and second arms 58 themselves. downward extension or through pure tension in the legs themselves. The first and second arms 58 cannot flex excessively or slide due to the size of the holes 76. This creates a very secure connection. 0 trocar housing 16 is disassembled by pushing lever 78 in a horizontal rotation, causing the retaining ring 64 to rotate about a central axis of the trocar sleeve 44 in a manner that overcomes the spring force. Lever 78 is accessible to the surgeon through an opening in the side of the trocar housing 16. When the lever 78 is depressed, the first and second retaining members 66 of the retaining ring 64 rotate past the first and second downwardly extending arms 58, and the first housing member 36 is released from the second member 38. of accommodation.

The first housing element 36 is secured to the second housing element 38 by means of a rotary retaining mechanism 56 and a seal is required between the first and second inflating elements 36. This seal utilizing a housing lip to maintain is effected by means of downwardly extending 80 on the lower surface 54 of the first housing member 36 to compress a portion of the duckbill seal mechanism 32 adjacent the upper surface 50 of the second housing element 38. The flange 80 and the duckbill sealing mechanism 32 include opposite angular surfaces. This provides an angular interface between the lip 80 on the first housing element 36 and the duckbill sealing mechanism interface 32 of the second housing element 38. This provides easier attachment of the first housing member 36 and allows a vertical stroke beyond the distance required for sealing without effect on the performance capabilities of the duckbill sealing mechanism. Indeed, this overtravel is required to provide functional reliability in the rotary retention mechanism.

The downwardly extending lip 80 of the first housing member 36 includes an angled interface exerting a centrifugal force component on the duckbill sealing mechanism 32. The angular interface also creates a vertical force component that translates into mounting force. The centrifugal force expands the interface characteristic, that is, the peripheral rim 52 of the duckbill sealing mechanism 32. Although the vertical force is only part of the total normal force, the mounting force is reduced depending on the interface angle.

In addition to the radial and vertical forces, the seal between the first and second housing members 36, 38 generates a engaging action due to the interaction between the downwardly extending lip 80 and the peripheral rim 52 of the nozzle sealing mechanism 32. duck. Radial movement of the circumferential rim 52 of the duckbill sealing mechanism 32 allows a small amount of overtravel to edge 80 without negative consequences for the sealing ability of the duckbill sealing mechanism as intended for normal operation.

In addition to providing overtravel, compression of the peripheral rim 52 of the duckbill sealing mechanism 32 stores energy to assist in disengaging the first housing member 36 from the second housing member 38. The stored energy causes the first housing element 36 to be easily detached from the second housing element 38 by operating lever 78.

More particularly, the joining of the first and second housing members 36, 38 is improved by providing a downwardly extending shoulder 80 along the lower surface 54 of the first housing member 36 that is profiled and sized to engage the rim 52 of the duckbill sealing mechanism 32. Taking this into consideration, the downwardly extending lip 80 is provided with an inwardly facing taper and the peripheral rim 52 is provided with an outwardly tapered taper. The inwardly and outwardly facing tapers interact to allow interaction between the first and second housing members 36, 38 to facilitate a secure connection. By providing opposite tapered surfaces, and in particular by providing an inwardly tapered surface on the peripheral rim 52 with a slight pressure action, the dimensional tolerances necessary to ensure the retention mechanisms join together.

Proper alignment is achieved between the first and second housing members 36, 38 by providing an alignment pin 82 extending downwardly from the lower surface 54 of the first housing member 36 and a locking hole 84 shaped and dimensioned for receiving the alignment pin 82 formed along the upper surface 50 of the second housing element 38. The preparation of alignment pin 82 and locking hole 84 ensures that the first and second housing elements 36, 38 can only be mounted in the desired configuration. Optionally, a second pin may be provided to prevent the opposite retainer from locking. This is an integral part of the design as it is planned from a safety perspective. The trocar shutter 14 can only be attached to the first housing element 36 in a given configuration and the first housing element 36 can only be attached to the second housing element 38 in a certain configuration.

As discussed above, the rotary retaining mechanism 56 used to connect the first housing member 36 to the second housing member 38 offers a wide variety of advantages. In particular, the rotary retainer design allows the first housing member 36 to be rigidly secured to the second housing member 38 without the ability of the retaining devices to slide, while allowing very easy separation of the first housing member 36. . In fact, the holes 76 through which the first and second downwardly extending arms 58 of the first housing member 36 pass pass any possibility for the arms 58 to bend out of the way. In addition, since the retaining return spring force vector 70 is perpendicular to any release force exerted during use, the force required to secure the first housing member 36 can be directed independently of any specified release force. This is contrary to typical retaining mechanism designs wherein the retaining mechanism arms are flexibly flexed to secure and separate the outer seal housing. In these types of designs the mounting force and the disassembling force are directly linked to each other through the flexural characteristics of the retaining arms. Finally, the retention mechanism is easily handled with one hand.

As regards the angular contact between the downwardly extending lip 80 of the first housing member 36 and the peripheral rim 52 of the duckbill sealing mechanism 32, this provides reduced mounting force in securing the first housing member 36 to the second housing element 38. The first housing element 36 can be compressed further than a smooth seal and still have the same mounting force. This allows higher tolerances for design parts for certain compression distance requirements. In addition, the high nature of the peripheral rim 52 in the duckbill sealing mechanism 32 allows for radial deviation as well as thereby further reduction of mounting forces.

STRENGTHENED SEALING MECHANISM

Referring to Figures 6 to 10, the proximal sealing mechanism 30 is disclosed. The sealing mechanism generally includes a cap 86, a crown 88, bellows 90 used for sealing radial movement, a female retaining ring 92, a protector 94, a plurality of reinforced sealing segments 96 constituting a sealing body 98 a male retaining ring 100 and a bottom body 102. Reinforced sealing segments 96 are placed, as described in greater detail below, and mounted between the retaining rings 92, 100 to create a sealing mechanism 30 in accordance with the present invention.

More particularly, and referring to Figures 7 to 10, a reinforced sealing segment 96 is shown. As will be described in more detail later, the proximal sealing mechanism 30 employs a variety of reinforced sealing segments 96 in creating a complete sealing body 98. Each of the reinforced sealing segments 96 is in the form of a partial cone, in particular a cone extending about 225 degrees. While the partial cone shape according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention employs partial cones extending about approximately 225 degrees, partial cone shapes with other shapes may be employed without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Although cone-shaped sealing segments are disclosed in accordance with a preferred embodiment, plain sealing segments may be employed without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Each reinforced sealing segment 96 is preferably made from an elastomer of a crosslinked polymer, such as, but not limited to, polyisoprene or silicone. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other materials may be employed.

In practice, a series of reinforced sealing segments 96 are used to create a sealing body 98 through which an instrument can be inserted. According to a preferred embodiment, four reinforced sealing segments 96 are aligned and offset relative to one another successively 90 degrees. The sealing segments 96 are arranged in a braided manner. That is, each sealing segment 96 includes a first side 104 and a second side 106, and the first side 104 of each sealing segment 96 is placed on top of the second side 106 of the adjacent sealing segment 96 to create a braided mechanism. sealing segments 96.

The reinforced sealing segments 96 are then connected together along their peripheral edges 108 to the male and female retaining rings 94, 100 to create a complete sealing body 98. As a result of the partial cone shape of the reinforced sealing segments 96 and their relative rotation, the connected sealing segments 96 create a sealing body 98 in which the individual sealing segments 96 are pushed out while an instrument is inserted. , to create an instrument pass-through and move inwardly to close the opening after instrument removal. Referring to Figure 3, the typical deformation of the reinforced seal segment 96 is shown. The deformation is shown by inserting an instrument through it.

As mentioned above, each of the reinforced sealing segments 96 is generally shaped like a cone with an eliminated cone part. The reinforced sealing segment 96 includes a peripheral edge 108 attached to a central sealing member 110. The peripheral edge 108 is substantially smooth, situated in the same plane, while the central sealing member 110 is formed in the form of a cone section.

The central sealing member 110 is improved by including a reinforcement liner 112 in a central position in the reinforced sealing segment 96. That is, the reinforcement liner 112 is placed between the peripheral edge and the free edge of the central sealing member 110. More particularly, the reinforcement liner 112 is placed at the tip of the cone defined by the central sealing member 110, the edges of the reinforcement liner 112 being aligned with the free edge of the central sealing member 110 at the cone tip.

The reinforcing liner 112 is integrally formed with the remainder of the central sealing member 110, but has a thickness that is approximately 2.5 times the nominal thickness of the central sealing member 110. In particular, the reinforcing liner 112 of the central sealing member 110 is formed with a thickness of approximately 0.432 mm (0.017 inches), while the remainder of the central sealing member 110 is formed with a thickness of approximately 0.178. mm (0.007 inches). Although the thicknesses are previously disclosed according to a preferred embodiment, different thicknesses may be employed. The transition between the reinforcing liner 112 and the remainder of the central sealing member 110 is achieved by tapering the central sealing member 110 between the thickness of the reinforcing liner 112 and the remainder of the central sealing member 110. It is further contemplated that the transition can be made without and with a pronounced transition, the preferred embodiment having no fatigue peaks and allowing the seal to seal better. Also contemplated is the possibility that the sealing segments may have been made with the smooth liner without transition.

transition regions; However, the

As shown in Figure 7, and according to a preferred embodiment, the reinforcement liner 112 is generally formed in a triangular configuration along the center of the arc defined by the reinforced sealing segment 96. In particular, the reinforcement liner 112 occupies an arc of approximately 90 degrees along the central sealing member 110. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the shape and size of the reinforcement liner 112 may vary to meet specific needs. However, the reinforcement liner 112 must be formulated and sized to cover an area intended to contact the instruments passing through the trocar mechanism 10.

The reinforcing liner 112 is located in a portion of the central sealing member 110 which is most likely intended to come into direct contact with surgical instruments as they are inserted into the trocar cannula 12. According to a preferred embodiment, the reinforcement liner 112 is situated in the center; since most surgical instruments will be inserted through the central portion of the trocar housing 16 and the trocar cannula 12.

It should be noted that in other embodiments, the angular surface sloping from the reinforcement liner 112 to the nominal thickness of the central sealing member 110 may be omitted and the reinforcement liner 112 may be smoothly combined with the nominal thickness. central sealing member 110 by continuous bending.

Low forward strength forces are desirable between the proximal sealing mechanism 30 and an insertion instrument. The present proximal sealing mechanism 30 enables the production of low feed forces without reducing sealing durability. This is achieved by reducing the sealing thickness in combination with the application of a reinforcing liner 112 as previously described. As such, the reduction in thickness (in the area not in contact with the instrument) is not accompanied by a reduction in sealing durability as is common with prior art sealing mechanisms.

Sealing mechanisms incorporating reinforcement liners 112 significantly reduce sealing locking and rupture by either inserting or removing an instrument without the need for additional thickness on all sealing segments 96. The greater thickness in the region of the reinforcement liner 112 is opposed to deformation in the reinforcement liner 112 where the instrument is in contact with the sealing mechanism 98. However, the thin sections of the central sealing member 110 surrounding the central reinforcing liner 112 allow for easy stretching of the remainder of the central sealing member 110, thereby keeping the moving resistance forces of moving instruments to a minimum. Since the greatest deformation occurs along the opening of the central sealing member 110 in the presence of an instrument, and according to a preferred embodiment, the reinforced sealing segments 96 should remain thin in any non-contacting areas of an instrument. . This minimizes feed resistance forces.

The effective protection afforded by the present reinforcement liner 112 is manifested in the proximal sealing mechanism 30 as follows. For a given deviation from the proximal sealing mechanism 30 due to initial contact with the tip of an instrument, the region defined by the reinforcement liner 112 of the proximal sealing mechanism 30 will have relatively low deformation as compared to the thinnest part of the instrument. central sealing member 110 surrounding the reinforcing liner 112 due to the thickness difference between the reinforcing liner 112 and the central sealing member 110. This deformation differential is greater at the opening of the proximal sealing mechanism 30, where the total deformations are highest. When force is applied to the reinforcement liner 112 due to contact with an instrument, the increased thickness of the reinforcement liner 112 will resist deformation, while the thin section of the remainder of the central sealing member 110, not covered by the reinforcement liner 112. , will allow the reinforcement liner 112 to easily deviate distally, allowing the tip of the instrument to enter the central part of the proximal sealing mechanism 30. The breaking strength for the reinforced sealing segment 96 is significantly increased compared to the prior art sealing segments.

Reinforcement liners 112 allow reinforced sealing segments 96 to be protected against sharp instruments independently of other peripheral protection devices. This protection is integrated into the reinforced seal segments 96 themselves. Also, the inclusion of reinforcement liners 112 in strategic locations (away from areas of high deformation directly situated at the probable point of contact of the cutting instrument) allows the protection of the reinforcement liners 112 against puncture, with little or no effect on performance. sealing It does not increase instrument insertion force peaks or instrument feed resistance forces. It is contemplated that the use of reinforcement liners 112 may be expanded beyond placement in a central location, thereby promoting some consequences with respect to instrument insertion force peaks and instrument feed resistance forces. However, due to the nature of the sealing segments 96 and their significantly reduced deformation relative to standard edge seals, these consequences would likely produce a design that would easily outperform the standard sealing mechanisms.

BRAKE SEAL PROTECTOR

Although the sealing body 98 is formed with reinforcing liners 112 as described above, it is still desirable to provide the proximal sealing mechanism 30 with a protector 92, as best shown in Figure 13. Protector 92 is placed directly over the sealing body 98. Referring to Figures 6 and 11 - 13, the protector 92 is composed of multiple overlapping protector segments 114 mounted in a braided arrangement to provide a complete protector 92. Forming the shield 92 in a braided arrangement, supplementary protective material (as a result of the overlapping arrangement) is included such that the supplementary surface area of ​​the sealing body 98 may be protected as the protective segments 114 separate when An instrument is inserted into the seal.

Since the present proximal sealing mechanism 30 has a small central opening that reliably and conveniently expands, the guard 92 should be formulated to close gaps between the guard segments 114 when an instrument passes through the guard 92 and the body. 98 sealing. This requires the inclusion of material along the opening of the guard 92.

Supplementary material is included in the shield 92 by plaiting a variety of shield segments 114. By interlocking the protector segments 114, extra material is included in the protector 92 to widen each protector component further allowing the protectors to fit within the conical sealing profile. The extra material is wrapped behind the protector segment 114 to one side of each protector segment 114. This extra material is not visible when the guard segments 114 are viewed from above without an instrument inserted.

Protective segments 114 are made from molded elastomer, e.g. pellethane. However, it is not intended that the protective segments 114 are merely limited to elastomers, but that the protective segments 114 can be made from any type of material that contains the properties and characteristics necessary for the function described herein.

In particular, four protector segments 114 are arranged to create the protector 92. Although according to a preferred embodiment four protector segments 114 are used, the protector 92 may be fundamentally formed by different numbers of protector segments 114 .

Each protector segment 114 is semicircular when viewed from above and is generally in the form of a partial cone. Each of these protector segments 114 includes a substantially round peripheral edge 116, a support wall 118 extending from the peripheral edge 116, and a cone shaped protector member 120. The cone-shaped protector member 120 opposite the supporting wall 118 and the peripheral edge 116 define the linear edge 121.

cone profiled protector member 120 reaches an arc of approximately 180 degrees, while the bearing wall 118 and peripheral edge 116 reach an arc of approximately 120 degrees along the central portion of the profile profiled protector member 120. cone. As will be discussed in more detail later, the limited arc reached by the peripheral edge 116 and the supporting wall 118 reduces undesirable forces when the instruments move beyond the proximal sealing mechanism 30.

The outer peripheral edge 116 is adapted for placement within the first housing member 36. The outer peripheral edge 116 further includes a series of openings 122 which function as a connecting means for the protector segments 114. As will be apparent from the following disclosure, the use of multiple shield segments 114 defining an arc of approximately 180 degrees results in a reduction in circumferential stresses by providing a shield 92 composed of a series of easily flexing shield segments 114 to in and out radially as instruments are inserted through them.

Each protector segment 114 includes a first section 124 and a second section 126 defining opposite sides of the protector segment 114. The four individual shield segments 114 are combined in a braided arrangement to create a complete shield 92 that completely protects the underlying seal body 98. That is, the protector 92 is mounted by placing the first section 124 of a first protector segment 114 on top of the second section 126 of a second protector segment 114. The first section 124 of the second protector segment 114 is subsequently placed over the second section 126 of a third protector segment 114, the first section 124 of the third protector segment 114 is placed over the second section 126 of a fourth segment 114 and the first section 124 of the fourth protector segment 114 is placed over the second section 126 of the first protector segment 114 as the end flap of a housing lid folds.

The guard segments 114 are finally held together by applying the crown 88 and the female retaining ring 94. Retaining elements are well known to those skilled in the art and a variety of retaining elements may be employed.

As will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, the movement of the cone-shaped protector members 120 relative to the peripheral edge 116 and the supporting wall 118 is subject to resistance based on the various orientations of the bonded components. As such, the cone-shaped protector members 120 may be biased when the instruments move through the proximal sealing mechanism 30.

This resistance to movement is minimized due to the limited arc of the peripheral edge 116 and the supporting wall 118, as discussed above. In addition, strength is further minimized by forming a central opening 128 with the peripheral edge 116 and / or the supporting wall 118. This opening 128 acts to reduce warping as the guard members 120 can move the same distance with less resistance.

By interlocking the shield 92, additional material may be included in each shield segment 114 further allowing the distal end of the shield 92 to engage the vertex of the cone profiled sealing body 98. This is achieved by wrapping the extra material included in the guard segments 114 behind the adjacent guard segment 114. This extra material allows improved coverage of the sealing body 98, especially when instruments are inserted at an angle to the proximal sealing mechanism 30. Finally, the braiding of the shield 92 produces minimal effects, if any, on the force of resistance of the instrument advance as it moves in and out relative to the proximal sealing mechanism 30. This is a result of the fact that the guard segments 114 move easily relative to each other.

In practice, and due to the extra material included in each protector segment 114, when an instrument is inserted into the protector 92, the protector segments 114 expand, exposing the supplementary protective material placed behind the adjacent protector segments 114. This supplementary material continues to cover the sealing body 98 as the protector segments 114 flex relative to each other. The less sealing body material 98 is exposed to the inserted instrument the better the protection offered by the present guard 92. While the present guard 92 offers good sealing protection, additional guard segments 114 may be included although they may cause an increase in sealing forces. resistance to instrument advance. However, this can be compensated by decreasing the thickness of the protective segments 114 to make them more flexible or by adding lubricant to the protective segments 114 and / or the sealing body 98.

DUCK NOZZLE FENCE MECHANISM

As mentioned above, a duckbill sealing mechanism 32 is housed within the second housing element 38. Referring to Figures 14 to 16, the duckbill sealing mechanism 32 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is disclosed. 0 duckbill sealing mechanism 32 includes first and second sealing bodies 130, 132 extending from a profiled circumferential shoulder member 134 sized for mounting within the second housing member 38.

Each of the first and second sealing bodies 130, 132 includes an upper surface 136, 138 and a lower surface 140, 142. The upper surface 136, 138 and lower surface 140, 142 are generally inverted images as the first and second sealing bodies 130, 132 maintain a substantially consistent thickness along their entire length with the exception of of the reinforcing rib along the upper surface 136, 138.

The first and second sealing bodies 130, 132 are mounted for movement within the trocar housing 16 as an instrument passes therethrough. Taking this into consideration, the proximal end of each of the first and second sealing bodies 130, 132 is joined to the trocar housing 16 by means of the circumferential lip 134, while the distal ends of the first and second bodies 130 , 132 intersect to define an abutment surface 144. The abutment surface 144 is generally disposed within the central portion of the trocar housing 16 to allow an instrument to pass therethrough, although in the absence of such an instrument the abutment surface 144 is closed by the elasticity of the abutments. first and second bodies 130, 132 since they are predisposed by the pressure generated from the body cavity in which the trocar mechanism 10 is placed. For example, predisposed by pressure from abdominal inflation gas pressure. This pressure causes the duckbill sealing mechanism 32 to move to a closed position with the distal ends of the first and second sealing bodies 130, 132 in contact.

As those skilled in the art will understand, the sealing bodies 130, 132 may be ribbed (not shown) on the upper surface 136, 138 to improve the stability of the sealing bodies 130, 132 when in contact with an instrument. . The splines also provide a path for the instruments to move as they pass through the duckbill sealing mechanism 32. Stretching also decreases friction as instruments pass through the duckbill sealing mechanism 32 due to providing less surface area on which an instrument can move, and thus greater contact pressure can be applied. between seal and instrument.

The first and second sealing bodies 130, 132 will now be described with reference to the first sealing body 130. Those skilled in the art will understand that the first and second sealing bodies 130, 132 are identical and that the following descriptions also refer to the second sealing body 132. The sealing body 130 is formed with a first section 148 and a second section 150 angularly oriented relative to each other and with a transverse plane 146 extending through the circumferential lip 134. In particular, the transverse plane 146 is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis extending through the duckbill sealing mechanism 32. The first and second sections 148, 150 extend from a proximal end of the sealing body 130 respectively towards a distal end of the sealing body 130. Thus, the first section 148 is placed adjacent the proximal end of the sealing body 130 adjacent the circumferential lip wall 134 and the trocar housing 16. The first section 148 moves slightly only when an instrument is inserted through it. The second section 150 is placed adjacent the distal end of the sealing body 130 and adjacent the abutment surface 144. The second section 150 moves freely when an instrument is inserted through it.

In general, the first and second sections are arranged at angles between 0 degrees and 90 degrees with respect to the transverse plane. Assuming that the transverse plane 146 is arranged in a horizontal plane, the first section 148, starting at the proximal end of the sealing body 130, is oriented at an angle of approximately 30 degrees to the horizontal plane in which the plane lies. 146 transverse. The second section 150 extending to the distal end of the sealing body 130 is subsequently oriented at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal plane. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the previously disclosed angles may vary. The angles chosen are based on the compromise between seal body durability (improvement at larger angles as the likelihood of an instrument clinging tightly to the seal, i. e., with deformation is smaller with larger angles) and the height of the fence (larger angles imply a higher height). For example, it is contemplated that the second section 150 may be formed at an angle of from about 40 degrees to about 50 degrees while still providing the numerous advantages contemplated by the present duckbill sealing mechanism 32. The height or profile of the duckbill sealing mechanism 32 is important as the size reductions allow for improved instrument access because the length of the trocar housing 16 may therefore be shorter. Smaller housings provide surgeons with greater access to the body cavity and thus are very desirable.

While a preferred embodiment as described above employs first and second sections 148, 150, additional sections may be employed without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Similarly, the present duckbill seal bodies 130, 132 may be constructed with an infinite number of angles, that is, with a continuous curve surface.

Regardless of the exact wall construction employed, the wall angle should be kept low (e.g. 30 degrees) at locations where the instruments generally do not contact the sealing bodies 130, 132 of the duckbill sealing mechanism 32 and should increase to a high value (e.g. 45 degrees) at locations where instruments usually contact the wall surface of sealing bodies 130, 132.

By orienting the first and second sections 148, 150 in this way, that is, by varying the wall angles along the length of the sealing bodies 130, 132, the breaking strength is improved without adjusting the overall height of the sealing mechanism 32. in duck's beak. By providing a low wall angle at the position where the instruments usually do not contact the sealing bodies 130, 132, the overall height of the duckbill sealing mechanism 32, and fundamentally the trocar mechanism 10, can be minimized, while having an appropriate sealing function. Applying a high wall angle at the location where the instruments usually contact the sealing bodies 130, 132 minimizes the normal forces applied to the duckbill sealing mechanism 32 and therefore minimizes the breaking potential of the sealing mechanism 32. duckbill seal.

As discussed earlier, the height of the trocar sleeve 44 is a critical issue due to its consequences on ergonomics. At the same time, the feed resistance, durability, and duckbill seal functions must all be harmonized with the need for a minimized

<td>44 sleeve of trocar.</td>

<td>In order to provide quality design</td>

<td>according to the present sealing mechanism 32 in accordance with</td>

<td>duckbill, the height of the nozzle sealing mechanism 32</td>

Duck is minimized by using two wall angles. The wall angle along the first section 148 is low to minimize height. For a given critical diameter, the wall angle becomes steeper in the second section 150. This steeper wall provides a lower angle of attack with respect to an inserted instrument to maximize durability. At the same time, the sealing function is improved due to the higher closing forces from the abdominal gas pressures acting on the second section with the smallest angle of attack due to the steeper wall as compared to the angle of the first section 148.

Despite the advantages offered by the multi-angle design, the forces between the duckbill seal mechanism 32 and the instrument should be further minimized. This is adapted through wall thickness, groove geometry and surface coating adjustment. Lower feed resistance forces are desirable to reduce the effort required of a surgeon when inserting or removing instruments from a trocar sleeve. Reduction of effort required is desirable to allow insertion or removal of an instrument with one hand. It also reduces the possibility of a trocar sleeve 44 being torn off from a patient in which the trocar mechanism 10 has been inserted.

As discussed, and although 30 and 45 degree angles are used, as larger diameter instruments are required, larger diameter duckbill sealing mechanisms 32 will also be required. As space is usually very important in valve applications, especially for duckbill sealing mechanisms 32 when used in trocar mechanisms, a minimum height is very desirable. Sealing durability is paramount so a forty-five degree angle is used to minimize the possibility of rupture of sealing bodies 130, 132 upon insertion or removal of instruments.

According to a preferred embodiment, the duckbill sealing mechanism 32 consists of an elastomer or cross-linked polymer such as, but not limited to, polyisoprene or silicone.

ENDOSCOPY LOCKING MECHANISM

As previously discussed in the Background of the Invention, it is often desirable to lock an endoscope in position relative to a trocar mechanism 10, in particular a shutter 14. As such an endoscope locking mechanism 152 is provided according to the present invention. invention and shown in Figures 3, 4 and 25. Endoscope locking mechanism 152 generally includes a cam mechanism that retains an endoscope within a trocar and / or obturator sleeve 44 during insertion of the trocar mechanism 10. The mechanism utilizes a cam to compress an elastomeric block 154 against the endoscope. Thereafter, the elastomeric block 154 tightly grips the endoscope to prevent unwanted endoscope movement when the surgeon views tissue layers during insertion of the trocar mechanism. The cam mechanism provides the ability to retain the endoscope while providing resistance to both torsional and axial loads, provides acceptable endoscope retention after repeated calls on the cam lever 156, provides low ergonomic actuating forces from cam lever 156. provides compatibility with a wide range of endoscope sizes, facilitates intuitive use and has long shelf life stability.

The cam mechanism retaining the endoscope within a trocar mechanism 10 utilizes a cam surface 158 to compress the elastomeric block 154 against the endoscope. Thereafter, the elastomeric block 154 tightly secures the endoscope to prevent unwanted endoscope movement when the surgeon views the tissue layers during insertion of the trocar mechanism.

locking mechanism 152 includes a housing 160 having a tube 162 extending therefrom. Tube 162 is aligned with an opening extending therethrough. The tube is formed with a cutting tip and may be used as a plug according to the present invention. Tube 162 and aperture are profiled and sized to extend an endoscope therethrough. In addition, tube 162 is profiled and sized to extend through the trocar cannula 12 such that the locking mechanism 152, including tube 162, can be selectively attached to the trocar sleeve 44 for use. of an endoscope.

The gripping of the locking mechanism 152 to the first trocar housing member 36 is achieved by coupling retaining devices 164, 166 formed on both the bottom of the locking mechanism housing 160 and the upper surface 168 of the first locking member 36. accommodation. Retaining devices 164, 166 allow selective gripping and release of the locking mechanism 152 relative to the trocar housing 16. While a specific retention structure is disclosed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, other retention structures may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Locking mechanism housing 160 includes a hitch-based locking mechanism. The locking mechanism is comprised of a cam lever 156 and an elastomeric block 154. The cam lever 156 includes a first end 170 which is pivotally attached to the housing 160 and a second free end 172 which is adapted for actuation by the user. In practice, the meat lever 156 may move freely between a locking position in which the meat lever 156 is rotated inward and a release position in which the meat lever 156 is rotated outward.

The engaging action according to the present invention is provided by an engaging surface 158 adjacent the first end 170 of the meat lever 156. The engagement surface 158 is profiled and sized to engage the elastomeric block 154 for selectively locking an endoscope within the locking mechanism 152. With respect to the elastomeric block 154, it is housed within the body of the locking mechanism housing 160 and includes a profiled front concave wall 174 sized to engage an endoscope passing through the housing opening. The elastomeric block 154 further includes first and second side walls 176, 178, wherein each side wall 176, 178 includes a notch 180 for engagement with a channel 182 formed within the housing body 160. The channel 182 and the notch 180 interact to allow lateral movement of the elastomeric block 154 in a manner which is later described in greater detail. Housing 160 further includes upper and lower retaining members 184, 186 to reliably prevent upward or downward movement of the elastomeric block 154 within the housing 160. Finally, the elastomeric block 154 includes a rear wall 188 opposite the wall. 174 concave from the front. The rear wall 188 is profiled and sized for engagement with the engaging surface 158 of the meat lever 156.

elastomeric block 154 and engaging surface 158 are profiled to eliminate energetic contact, and in particular, to eliminate any contact between elastomeric block 154 and engaging surface 158 until an endoscope is placed in the aperture. of the locking mechanism housing 160. As will be described in greater detail later, when an endoscope is placed within the opening of the locking mechanism housing 160, the elastomeric block 154 moves toward the meat lever 156 at a level such that the elastomeric block 154 is in close proximity. of the engaging surface 158 for locking the endoscope into the opening when the cam lever is engaged.

In practice, the locking mechanism 152 is used as follows. The elastomeric block 154 is located within the locking mechanism housing 160 under the meat lever 156, which may be open or closed during long term storage. At this point, the elastomeric block is not premeditatedly in contact with the meat lever 156 to prevent any loads on the elastomeric block 154 that may affect the performance of locking mechanism 152 upon long term storage. The surgeon then opens the meat lever 156 if it was initially closed. An endoscope is inserted into the locking mechanism 154. The endoscope strikes a beveled surface 190 on the concave wall 174 of the elastomeric block 154. This causes elevation of the elastomeric block 154 to the proximity of the meat lever 156. The elastomeric block 154 is then on top of the endoscope until the end of its use. Thereafter, the cam lever 156 is actuated, which causes the compressible action locking device to be compressed on the endoscope.

The elasticity of the elastomeric block 154, together with its high coefficient of friction, allows the locking mechanism 152 to be compatible with a wide range of endoscope sizes while minimizing ergonomic force requirements. 0 The elastomeric block 154 is then constrained with respect to excessive lateral or axial movement by surrounding components 182, 184, 186 that limit its movement as axial or torsional loads are applied to the endoscope. This constraint, coupled with an axial cam design, prevents accidental unlocking of the cam lever by itself. After insertion of the trocar mechanism 10 into the patient, the meat lever 156 is then opened and the endoscope removed. Thereafter, the elastomeric block 154 returns to its original position on the locking mechanism 152 if the surgeon wishes further reinsertion of the endoscope. The deformable elastomeric block 154 is stiff enough to return to its original shape after the load from the meat lever 156 is removed, thereby providing acceptable endoscope retention force following multiple lever actuation actions.

CHANGE SLEEVE AND STOP VALVE CONSTRUCTION

As mentioned above, the trocar sleeve 44 is comprised of a trocar housing 16 and a trocar cannula 12 extending from the trocar housing 16. The trocar mechanism 10 also includes a stop valve 192 to allow and prevent the passage of an inflation fluid, eg carbon dioxide, through flexible tubing into a portion of the trocar housing 16 and the trocar cannula 12. .

Referring to the figures, the trocar cannula 12 and the trocar housing 16 are mechanically interconnected to form the trocar sleeve 44. At least a portion of the trocar cannula 12 is located within a second housing element bracket 38b of the second housing element 38 with a second housing element cap 38a lying on the trocar cannula 12 for securing the housing. at least a portion of the trocar cannula 12 within the second housing member holder 38b.

The trocar cannula 12 is sized such that when the trocar obturator 14 extends completely through and beyond it, the inflating fluid passing through the stop valve 192 and the trocar housing 16, may pass through an annular opening created between the trocar cannula 12 and the trocar obturator 14 due to the slightly larger size of the internal diameter of the trocar cannula 12 relative to the outer diameter of the hollow shaft of the trocar obturator 14.

The present invention provides a mechanism for mechanically mounting the trocar cannula 12, trocar housing 16 and stop valve 192 without the need for adhesive and / or curing techniques. In particular, the second housing element 38 of the trocar housing 16, trocar cannula 12 and stop valve 192 are formed as separate components which can be conveniently and reliably assembled.

More particularly, and with reference to Figures 17, 18, 19 and 20, a preferred embodiment of the mechanically mounted trocar sleeve 44 is disclosed. The trocar sleeve 44, when fully assembled, comprises a stop valve 192, a second housing member 38 composed of a second housing member cap 38a and a second housing member holder 38b, and a trocar cannula 12 . The various components of the trocar sleeve 44 are mechanically assembled by interconnecting the components in a manner which is described in greater detail below. Briefly, the trocar cannula 12 fits within the second housing member holder 38b with the stop valve 192 disposed therebetween. Second housing member cap 38a engages over shutoff valve 192, second housing member holder 38b and trocar cannula 12 to hold components together and provide a surface on which first housing member 36 may be mounted a selective mode.

With respect to the specific components constituting the trocar sleeve 44, the stop valve 192 includes alignment fins 194, a flow opening 196, and a valve lever 198. Valve lever 198 includes an interrupt holding device 200. The second housing member cap 38a includes a hexagonal hole 202, a lid rim 204, and a second housing member cap seal 206. The second housing member bracket 38b includes locking pins 208, blades 210, a housing rim 212, a clearance 214 for stop valve 192 and alignment fins 194. The second housing member support 38b further includes alignment ribs 216 and a retaining surface 218. The trocar cannula 12 includes an inlet nozzle 220, alignment tabs 222, and a housing seal 224.

In practice, the stop valve 192 is inserted into the clearance 214 of the second housing member bracket 38b. The trocar cannula 12 inserts through the opening of the second housing element holder 38b. Alignment tabs 222 abut blades 210 securing trocar cannula 12 in a desired orientation with respect to second housing member bracket 38b once the trocar cannula 12 is inserted into second housing member bracket 38b.

The lid rim 204 fits into the housing rim 212. The cap ring 204 also serves to hold the valve lever 198 on the stop valve 192 as well as to hold the stop valve 192 with the valve lever 198 in position.

Valve lever 198, in a fully open, ie fully open, acceptance position, has interrupt holding device 200 abutting with holding surface 218 of second housing member bracket 38b. This means that a valve lever 198 operator can sense when the valve lever 198 is in a fully open position through the back restraint surface 218 and the valve lever 198 remains in the fully open position. The operator need not assume that the valve lever 198 is in the fully open position, and that the valve lever 198 remains in the fully open position.

The construction of the trocar mechanism 44 eliminates the need for adhesives for joining stop valve 192 and second housing member cap 38a, and second housing element holder 38b and trocar cannula 12. This is an advantage over the prior art.

Referring to Figures 21 and 22, an alternate trocar sleeve 44 'is disclosed. In accordance with this alternative embodiment, the trocar sleeve 44 'includes a stop valve 192', a second housing member cap 38a ', and a second housing member holder 38b'. The trocar sleeve 44 'also includes a trocar cannula 12' which is substantially similar to the trocar cannula 12 disclosed in accordance with the foregoing embodiment.

Stop valve 192 'comprises a tapered valve tube locking extension 226', a snap pin 228 'and a valve lever 198'. The second housing member bracket 38b 'comprises an extension clearance 230' and a socket pin hole 232 '.

Stop valve 192 'tapered valve tube locking extension 226' is locked within the extension clearance 230 'of the second housing member bracket 38b'. Stop valve 192 'snap-on pin 228' engages into the socket pin hole 230 'of the second housing member bracket 38b', fixing the vertical alignment of stop valve 192 'with respect to the second stop bracket 38b' of housing element.

Referring to Figures 23 and 24, another embodiment is disclosed. According to this other embodiment, the trocar sleeve 44 comprises a second housing member cap 38a, a second housing member holder 38b, and a stop valve 192. The trocar sleeve 44 also includes a trocar cannula 12 that is substantially similar to the trocar cannula 12 disclosed in accordance with the foregoing embodiment.

Stop valve 192 comprises a locking groove protrusion 234, a valve tube extension 236, and a locking groove 238. In addition, the second housing member cap 38a includes a locking tab 240. The second housing member bracket 38b also comprises a valve pipe extension opening 242 and a protrusion clearance 244. Valve tube extension 236 of stop valve 192 is inserted and locked by frictional engagement or conical locking within valve tube extension opening 242 of second housing member bracket 38b. Stop valve locking groove protrusion 234 is locked within protrusion clearance 244. This is to assist in securing the stop valve 192 to the second housing member bracket 38b.

As mentioned above, the stop valve 192 is mechanically joined to the trocar sleeve 44 by means of profiled conical surfaces dimensioned for frictional engagement. As such, the stop valve drainage pipe 250 is formed with a conical locking surface along the outside of its distal end. Similarly, the trocar cannula 12 is formed with an inlet nozzle 220 adapted to firmly engage with the conical locking surface of the stop valve flow hose 250. The mechanical feature of the conical lock includes a self-retaining angle of 2.0 degrees +/- 1.0 degrees, which is firmly established within the trocar housing inlet nozzle 220. The result of this mechanical bonding is considerable frictional resistance with respect to rotational and linear release forces.

The mechanical locking previously discussed can be improved by providing a dual redundancy feature. For example, the tapered locking feature may be provided with a pin and hex socket, tongue and groove lock and / or a snap fit.

In addition, and according to the embodiment described above with reference to Figure 18, rotation of the stop valve 192 is minimized by including a retaining pin 204 located on the second extending housing member cap 38a. downwardly into the opening 256 formed at the top of the valve lever 198. The retaining pin 204 stabilizes the stop valve 192 and prevents rotation when the stop valve 192 valve lever 198 is actuated.

As previously mentioned, the trocar sleeve includes a stop valve 192. Stop valve 192 is mounted within a recess formed in the trocar sleeve 44. As such, the stop valve 192 is recessed within the outer surface of the second housing member holder 38b, and, fundamentally, in the trocar housing 16. Valve lever 198 is then placed over the stop valve body 192; that is, the valve lever 198 used for actuating the stop valve 192 is placed on the upper surface of the stop valve 192 rather than underneath it as with the trocar mechanisms currently on the market. By placing the valve lever 198 over the recessed stop valve 192, the present trocar mechanism 10 provides for the removal of the stop valve 192 out of a potentially obstructive visual field and simultaneously leverages the lever. 198 in an extremely accessible position.

Several advantages are obtained by recessing the stop valve 192 within the body of the trocar sleeve 44. First, this orientation minimizes obstructions caused by users grasping the stop valve 192 of the insertion trocar mechanism 10. Therefore, a more comfortable grip is provided, as the stop valve 192 no longer protrudes from the surface of the trocar housing 16. The present low profile stop valve structure 192 further assists in preventing compromising hand positions. The present stop valve orientation 192 also assists in preventing accidental manipulation during processes. Accidental manipulation by movement that causes contact of the trocar sleeve 44 with a patient is a common occurrence that results in loss of body cavity inflation and can lead to frustrating and even dangerous situations when the physician's field of vision becomes committed.

6

The advantages are further enhanced by forming the valve lever 198 with a curved surface substantially in accordance with that of the trocar housing 16. In addition, the longitudinal axis along the handle portion of the valve lever 198 is offset from the center point around which the valve lever 198 rotates to improve recess of stop valve 192. Controlled rotation of the stop valve 192 valve lever 198 is achieved by placing the stop valve 192 within a recess formed in the trocar sleeve 44, more specifically in the trocar housing 16. Specifically, and with reference to Figures 17, 18, 19 and 20, stop valve valve lever 198 includes a stop valve 200 located at valve 198 that provides tactile feedback as the valve lever 198 is in the position. open position, ie through holes in valve lever 198 and valve body 199 are aligned. The design feature resembles a console beam located at the end of the valve lever 198 opposite the user end.

As the valve lever 198 rotates from the closed to the open position within the trocar mechanism 10, the console rotational interrupt holding device 200 contacts the trocar housing 16 providing the tactile return of the lever Valve 198 is in the fully open position. In the fully open position, valve lever 198 and valve body through holes 199 are aligned, allowing a flow of CO₂ great.

The rotary, console-operated interrupt check feature 200 provides the surgeon with tactile feedback to ensure that the stop valve 192 is in the open position. This will provide the flow of C0₂ optimal throughout the surgical case.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, control of the valve lever 198 by means of the console rotational interrupt retention device 200 assists in the alignment of the stop valve passage bore 196. Poor alignment of through holes 196 is usually caused by a lack of tactile feedback to the surgeon that the valve lever 198 is in the fully open position.

In addition, a stiffening plate 264 is located at the rear of the console rotational interrupt retention device 260 to prevent over-rotation of the valve lever 198 by bending the valve lever 198. This can be seen in Figures 17 and 18. Over-rotation would create poor alignment of the through holes.

As those skilled in the art will surely understand, the above-described design offers many advantages over prior art mechanisms. The separate trocar cannula design 12 described above provides interchangeable outer housing capabilities. As such, the industrially designed exterior shape can easily be changed and updated without changing the internal structure of the trocar sleeve. In addition, the mounting of the trocar cannula 12 on the trocar housing connector 16 eliminates the need for ultrasonic welding. The present method of mounting makes the device stronger by molding, in part, the trocar cannula 12. As those skilled in the art will surely understand, prior designs have used ultrasonic welding connections to mount the trocar cannula 12 to the trocar housing 16. The present mechanism structure eliminates the use of such connections and, therefore, does not provide the opportunities for ultrasonic welding connections to fail.

In addition, the trocar housing 16 is provided with contact grooves 266 along its inner surface. These contact grooves 266 center the trocar cannula 12 within the trocar housing 16. They also fill small tolerance variations by making the size of the trocar cannula 12 smaller during manufacture and allowing inherent variations during the molding process.

The contact grooves 266 further prevent rotation of the trocar cannula 12 within the trocar housing 16. This is achieved as the contact ribs 266 extend to the sides of the trocar cannula 12 thereby preventing relative rotation between the trocar cannula 12 and the trocar housing 16.

Since the trocar housing 16 and trocar cannula 12 are quite simple in construction, the molding process is simplified by eliminating excessive detail in the injection molding tool. In addition, system assembly is easy as compared to previous designs, since all constituent components of the sleeve mechanism can be assembled by the top-down descending method.

As with the stop valve 192, tapered locking with dual redundant locking features helps prevent the stop valve 192 from detaching from the sleeve 44. In addition, tapered locking provides a watertight mechanism without the use of adhesive or welding. In addition, the stop valve 192 is provided with various locking surfaces that prevent the rotation of the stop valve 192, for example, pin and socket, tongue and groove, ribbed fins, etc. In addition to the conical device locking features, the fins are secured behind the trocar housing 16, eliminating the possibility of removal of the stop valve 192 from the trocar sleeve 44. In addition, the contact grooves 266 are used to hold the fins tight on the trocar cannula 12. Finally, the low profile stop valve frame 192 with a valve lever 198 placed over the stop valve 192 allows alignment of the stop valve 192 to provide optimum air flow and tactile feedback to users for optimum performance. alignment.

While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, it will be understood that there is no intention to limit the invention to such disclosure, but instead is intended to encompass all alternative modifications and constructs that are encompassed by the invention as defined in appended claims.