Condensation apparatus

PATENT DESCRIPTION

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Additional patent patent -

MKP FQ1k 19/00

Reported on: 24.10.72 (P. 158456)

Priority: 25.10.71

Int. CP. F01K 19/00

<td rowspan="2">GOVERNMENT</td><td>Socialist Union</td><td colspan="2"></td>

<td>. Soviet republics</td><td>'AND</td><td></td>

<td>PATENT</td><td>The application was announced: 01.06.73</td><td></td><td></td>

<td rowspan="2">PRL</td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td>

<td>Patent description published:. 11/30/1977</td><td colspan="2">.JDfeta] ke [c_tws^pM</td>

Creator of the invention: - Patent holder: Teploelektroproekt,

Moscow (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) Energiagazdalkod ^ si Intezet,

Budapest (Hungary)

Condensing device for steam turbine power plant

The present invention relates to a condensing device for a steam turbine power plant.

As is known, in thermal power stations and nuclear power plants, steam turbines are usually assigned surface condensers to which cooling water is supplied from natural sources or after cooling it in evaporation coolers, such as cooling towers, cooling ponds or dripping water tanks. In the evaporation coolers, part of the water being cooled evaporates, while another part of this water is entrained in the form of droplets by an air stream. In addition, to prevent excessive saturation with salts dissolved in circulating water, some of this water is usually drained (desludging).

The water losses mentioned above are compensated by supplying spring water. This, however, comes across increasing difficulties due to lack of water in many places around the world. To overcome these difficulties, so-called air condensation devices are used, in which the condensate is cooled by means of air. A mixing condenser is assigned to the steam turbine of the power plant, into which condensate is injected, previously cooled by means of air in surface heat exchangers of cooling towers in natural draft or with ventilators.

Air condensation devices do not release heat by evaporation. Only air heating takes place here, which is why much larger amounts of air are needed here than in evaporative cooling towers. There is no water loss in the air condensing devices. During the summer, when the ambient air temperature rises, however, it is no longer possible to ensure sufficiently low condensation temperatures in the air condensing chimney coolers, although their dimensions and construction costs far exceed the same values ​​in so-called wet chimney coolers.

82 450

The object of the invention is to remove the above drawbacks. The task is to develop a condensing device for a steam turbine power plant in which air was supplied for condensing steam as long as the outside air temperature was sufficiently low. But if . it was no longer possible to obtain an appropriate steam condensation temperature with air, then simultaneously with cooling with air was also used with. good economic effect of water. In this way, even in hot seasons, a significantly low steam condensation temperature was obtained, and thus a higher turbine efficiency coefficient, without exceeding the dimensions and costs found in known condensing cooling towers. This task was solved by developing a condensing device that is built of a mixing condenser and. from air-cooled condensate heat exchangers located in the cooling tower. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that heat exchangers are equipped with vertical fins above which a pouring device in the form of a manifold with spray heads is placed, with a water tank located below the heat exchangers. connected to the suction line of a circulating pump, whose piston line connects to the watering device. &lt;

The heat exchangers are placed radially to the cooling tower or form a certain angle with the radial direction. This enables the formation of a continuous, unbroken water film on the surface of the ribs that is moving downwards, which forms a spike sprayed from above onto the heat exchanger. The downwardly moving water film receives heat from the fins of the heat exchanger and, apart from convection, transfers them by evaporation to air flowing horizontally along the fins, whereby the heat transfer takes place much more intensively. The water film should cover the entire surface of the ribs and should be as thin as possible so that there is no significant thermal resistance when the heat passes from the ribs. into the air. The amount of water flowing down should significantly exceed the evaporation losses to avoid '. due to the excessive concentration of salt and limescale due to this. The amount of water corresponds to these requirements from 150 to 300 kg / hour, calculated per linear meter of horizontal projection of ribs on one side. «

The dimensions of the condensate cooling device or the dimensions of the heat exchangers and air supply means are deliberately selected in such a way that it is possible to ensure a sufficiently low steam condensation temperature in winter, even at peak load capacity of the engine, without having to pour water on the heat exchangers.

Because at an air temperature below freezing, differences between the condensate temperature and the air temperature within 35 ° to 45 ° C can be allowed without compromising the efficiency of the turbine, the dimensions of the heat exchangers and air supply means are much smaller than in the case of known air condensing devices which as a rule, they are dimensioned according to the average annual outdoor air temperature.

At outside air temperatures above freezing, heat exchangers do not. it is still sprayed if the gym is not operating at peak load, e.g. at night or on public holidays. The heat exchangers are sprayed partly only when the air temperature increases and the load on the engine increases, with the number of sprayed heat exchangers determined as needed. All heat exchangers can be poured over peak load or high outside air temperature.

The watering is automatically regulated. At the connection points of the pipes supplying water to the watering devices, provided for individual heat exchangers or for groups of heat exchangers, regulating devices are provided, which, depending on the temperature. condensate or from the pressure in the turbine condenser, turn on or off the water supply to individual parts of the refrigeration unit. In this way, the condensation device according to the invention makes it possible to constantly maintain a high turbine efficiency factor using a minimum. the amount of water to be evaporated, this amount of water may be reduced or increased depending on. weather conditions and the load on the gym. The air flow in the natural draft cooling tower is fully utilized, while with wet cooling towers and in known air condensing devices, the airflow in the cooling tower is intentionally reduced at air temperatures below freezing. &lt;

Condensation devices of this type are suitable, for example, for use in locations in a dry tropical climate and in a continental climate, because there water losses in annual cross-section can be reduced to one-third or one-fourth of losses occurring in wet cooling towers, with efficiency factor the turbine increases by at least 0.5%, without increasing the costs of building a condensing device. A further advantage of the condensing device according to the invention over condensing devices with wet cooling towers is the

450 ₃ in that in the winter months dry air flows instead of humid air at temperatures below freezing, which avoids icing inside the cooling tower and its surroundings. Therefore, these cold stores can be built of a lighter type.

The use of the condensing device according to the invention has special advantages when the power plant is located 'near the place of fuel occurrence and near electricity users, and sources of smaller capacity than in the case of known condensing devices can be used for water supply. with evaporative coolers.

Condensate heat exchangers are deliberately built on the water side as multiple, while the condensate is fed in the direction of flow - air to the last vertical row of pipes, and the cooled condensate is drained from the first row of pipes. Then the ribs show in the horizontal direction - different temperatures, increasing in the direction of air flow.

When pouring heat exchangers, the temperature of the dripping water film will be 'slightly lower than the rib temperature' at a certain location. The temperature of the water film also increases in the direction of air flow. In this way, cooler water will flow into the tank located on the air supply side, which can be used in oil and gas gas coolers. Therefore, according to the invention, the part of the water collecting tank which receives cooler water is separated by means of a partition wall - between the limiting walls and connected to a feeding pump - supplying water to oil and gas coolers. Regarding this, it may be mentioned that - when reversing known air condensing devices for supplying water to oil and gas coolers, a separate source of cooling water should be used or a device for cooling the heated coolant with a water cooler, operating on the principle of evaporation, should be built.

It is also known that in strong winds, cooling in heat exchangers with cooling towers with natural draft gives a much smaller effect, which should be attributed to the reduction in draft. This can be avoided by causing air to flow in the cooling tower in the form of a helical line or in the form of a spiral. To this end, the vertical, usually heat exchanger fins form, according to the invention, a certain angle with the radius of a natural draft cooling tower. However, there is also the possibility of building behind the heat exchangers, looking in the direction of air flow, air flow control elements that set the air in a spiral motion.

The subject of the invention is illustrated in the embodiment in the drawing, in which Fig. 1 »is a schematic diagram of a condensing device, Fig. 2 - perspective view of the heat exchanger, Fig. 3» - various sections of the heat exchanger, and Fig. 4 - a variant of the fins cross-sectional heat exchangers.

As can be seen from Figure 1, a steam turbine 1 is assigned to a steam turbine 2, which is connected via a circulation pump 3 to a surface heat exchanger 4 operated by air. The heat exchangers 4 are located in the air inlet of the cooling tower 8. Below the heat exchangers 4 there are water tanks 6, which are connected to the oil and gas cooler 12 through the pipe 10. In the pipe 10 there is provided a circulating pump 7, which is used to supply water to the water distributors 5, provided above for the heat exchangers 4. Another feed pump 11 is used to supply the oil and gas cooler 12 with water.

The illustrated embodiment of the condensation device according to the invention operates as follows: Turbine exhaust steam 1 enters the mixing condenser 2. The turbo exhaust steam is condensed by the injected, flowing through the pipeline 9 and condensate regulating device not shown in the figure and sent by the circulation pump 3 through the lower string of pipe 9 to surface-cooled heat exchangers 4. The warm condensate flows through the heat exchanger pipes 4 and then returns through the top of the pipeline 9 and the regulating device not shown in the drawing back to the mixing condenser 2, where the cooled condensate is injected into the incoming exhaust steam, from which the warm condensate then forms again to the heat exchangers 4. &lt;

If the outside temperature is so high that the air flow through the cooling tower 8 with natural draft or with ventilators is no longer sufficient to cool the circulating condensate in the heat exchanger 4, then the circulation pump 7 starts, so that the water from the water tank 6 it is fed through a pipe 10 to water distributors 5 which flood surface heat exchangers 4. Water flowing down not shown in Fig. 1 the ribs accumulate in the '450 water tanks 6, the surface heat exchanger 4 being sufficiently cooled by this flowing water. The feed pump 11 supplies water from the water tanks 6 to the oil and gas cooler 12, from where the water also flows to the water distributors 5, as indicated by the arrows drawn in Fig. 1.

Figure 2 shows in perspective a part of the surface heat exchanger 4. As can be seen, the heat exchanger tubes 4 have fins which are arranged vertically. Water distributors 5 equipped with spray heads 13 are a pouring device. Protective plates 14 prevent the droplets of water from being entrained by the air current above the actual heat exchanger 4. This is achieved by the fact that the protective plates 14 interrupt the flow path of the cooling air at the desired location. Similar protection plates 17 are provided at the bottom, in the water tank 6, below the heat exchangers 4. Cooler water collects in the space 16 between the tank wall and the partition wall 15. Protective plates 17 prevent the flow of air flow. below the heat exchanger 4.

The operating mode of the illustrated embodiment of the condensation device according to the invention follows simply from FIG. The condensate flows through the horizontal pipes of the heat exchanger 4 as indicated by the arrows. The water collector 5 flows through the spray heads 13 - water, which moistens the vertical ribs located on the horizontal pipes. Flowing water in the form of a thin water film reaches the water tank 6, with cooler water accumulating in space 16, because the pipes on the other side of the heat exchanger already carry cooled condensate, so that the cold air coming in the direction of the arrow is only slightly heated and the outflowing water has less heat to drain.

Figure 3 shows horizontal cross-sections of the heat exchanger 4 in different planes. The tank is designated by 18, which is connected to the water tank 6. The pipe 10 'leads from the tank 18 to the distribution-tube 20 having the shape of a wheel, which for its part is connected via regulating devices 21 with water distributors 5. The conduit 22 serves to separate the concentrate, which flows through the distribution pipes 23 to the individual heat exchangers 4, and escapes through the drain pipes 24 and the discharge pipe 25.

The illustrated embodiment of the condensation device according to the invention works in the following ways. The condensate flows through the pipe 9, as also shown in Fig. 1. From the pipe 9, the condensate flows into the distribution pipe 22, from which it goes through the distribution pipes 23 to the individual heat exchangers 4. In the heat exchanger pipes 4, the hot condensate is cooled by the air current indicated by arrows and fed through the drain pipes 24 and the discharge pipe 25. From the drain pipe 25 the cooled condensate flows through the pipe 9 back to the mixing condenser 2, not shown in Fig. 3. ' On the other hand, the circulation pump 7 sends water from the reservoir 18 through the pipe 10 and the regulating device 21 to the water distributors 5, from which the water goes to the fins of the heat exchangers 4 through the spray heads 13, not shown in Fig. 3 «Water flowing down collects located in water tanks 6, whose shape in the embodiment shown is adapted to the profile of heat exchangers 4, as it follows from the 'upper right' quadrant of Fig. 3 "From the water tanks 6, the draining water goes back to the tank 18. The regulating devices 21, provided at the connection points of the distribution pipe 20 with the distributors 5, can be adjusted and adjusted independently of each other, so that the use of water cooling can be adapted to individual requirements.

The air entering in the direction of the arrow can be propelled in a spiral or helical form by means of 19 hinged flaps.

With the embodiment of Fig. 4 (the vertical fins of the heat exchangers 4 are positioned at an angle to the radial 'direction not shown in the figure of the cooling tower' 8. This means that the air flow in the form of a spiral or in the form of a helix can be caused without hinged flaps 19, occurring in the previous embodiment, 26 indicates walls that prevent air from flowing between the heat exchangers 4.

The invention has been described above with regard to condensing devices associated with steam-powered turbines. However, it is also possible to choose - instead of steam - any other material whose freezing point and evaporation temperature could be in line with the prevailing weather conditions.