Method for making multi-layer print media by extrusion coating

[0001] The present invention exploits the extrusion coating process as a key step in a series of multilayer fabrication processes to produce a graphics film that can be used in a laminate for graphical use. The extrusion-coated layer acts as a reinforcing layer and provides the structure with mechanical properties, while the ink-receiving coating layer ensures high-quality printability. A high gloss can be obtained using a PE support.

[0002] Vinyl films softened with plasticizers have been used for many years in self-adhesive labels, tapes and decorative sheets. Vinyl films, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films are widely accepted for such applications because, among others, they are inexpensive and resistant to atmospheric conditions and can easily be colored with pigments and dyes. In addition, plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has a particularly wide acceptance, because by incorporating plasticizers its properties can be modified over a wide range. These foils are used successfully in a variety of graphic applications.

[0003] Although vinyl films are useful in graphics and wall coverings because of their excellent flexibility and conformability, there is a continuous need to develop films that do not contain PVC. Materials containing halogen, such as PVC, are usually considered to produce unwanted, environmentally unfriendly by-products when they burn.

[0004] Thus, there is a need for environmentally friendly, halogen-free and particularly no-foil-like films that have properties comparable to those containing halogen. In some cases, PVC-based vinyl materials are replaced by polyolefins due to their low cost, a large selection of available materials and the flexibility of polyolefins. A key problem with polyolefin-based materials is poor print quality. By replacing the vinyl film with polyolefin films, a multilayer co-extruded film was applied using ink-absorbing skin layers. However, the print quality of these co-extruded films is not good for inkjet printers.

[0005] Several graphical applications, such as wrapping vehicles including buses, trailers and the like, require the use of an easily adaptable film, so that the graphic installer can easily apply such a film to a surface that is not smooth. A polyolefin material such as a polypropylene or polyester substrate with a printed topcoat will usually be used to produce a PVC-free film material with good printability. However, polypropylene and polyester are not considered a material that "adapts" and does not function well on surfaces that are not smooth. In addition, more adaptable base materials such as polyethylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) are difficult to use in graphic applications due to the low film module, especially under the topcoat,

[0006] In addition, in the graphics industry, there is a need to print on media with a high level of gloss. Although a coextruded film can be obtained with a glossy surface by pouring onto a glossy roller, it is generally difficult to select an extruded skin material that is non-sticky and has good paint adhesion.

[0007] A graphic film with good dimensional stability is also highly desirable throughout its lifetime. With graphic films that tend to shrink over time, the adhesive edges of the film will be exposed after application. Usually, the poured vinyl film has less shrinkage than the calendered film.

EP 2 716 452

The lower stress in the pouring process results in a smaller shrinkage and therefore a more dimensionally stable film.

[0008] In recent years, many different approaches have been made to produce decorative graphic films. These methods are generally included in the pouring or extrusion techniques. For example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,810,540 to Ellison et al. And 4,902,557 to Rohrbacher employ solution casting techniques in which transparent solvent-based coatings and pigmented base coatings are applied to a flexible casting sheet by pouring the liquid. coating, such as reverse coating or roller coating. The poured liquid layers are applied separately and then dried at high temperatures to evaporate the solvent. [0009] U.S. Patent Nos. 4,317,860 and 4,364,886 to Strassel also disclose co-extrusion of multilayer films, such as two-layer extrusion mainly PVDF on one side and mainly acrylic resin on the other side of the co-extruded sheet. These uniform structures are used to produce molded articles or to join sheets to a molded polymer.

[0010] In the past, also used were film extrusion techniques for producing a film without a carrier (free film) in which the extruded polymeric material is coated with a polished drum. These films are then used as a primer with various colored coatings. The outer surface of the embossed free film that contacts the drum (and separates from the drum as a free film) has no high gloss and good image resolution. The films produced in this way also do not have a carrier sheet, which makes them hard and easily damaged during further processing.

[0011] US Patent No. 5,281,290 describes a method for producing a textured pattern on a shutter comprising the steps of applying the textured pattern to a removable transfer sheet by rotary screen printing, this transfer sheet being substantially flat, the textured pattern having a thickness between 5 and 10 mm, close-up a heated blind to this textured pattern, contacting said heated shutter with said textured pattern to cause the textured pattern to adhere to the shutter and tear off the transfer sheet from the textured pattern attached to the shutter, the pattern having a greater affinity for the blind than for the transfer sheet.

[0012] In the present invention, a series of process steps are used to produce a face-stock polyolefin-based graphic film that has excellent print quality, high gloss and low stress, and good dimensional stability to meet the needs of the graphics industry.

[0013] The present invention uses the extrusion coating method as a key step in a series of processes for a multilayer structure to produce a surface film graphic that can be used in a laminate for graphic applications. The extrusion-coated layer acts as a reinforcing layer providing the mechanical properties of the surface layer of the graphic film, while the ink-receiving coating layer ensures high-quality printability. The high gloss of the ink-receiving layer can be obtained by using a PET carrier.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a graphic film, which comprises a) a nozzle coating and drying the ink-receiving layer onto a carrier web, b) coating the paint-receiving layer from step (a) by extruding the polyolefin material and c) removing the carrier web from the layer the paint adopting the paint-receiving layer, where the graphical film is halogen-free and the surface can be shiny.

[0015] Preferably, the carrier web is a polyester film, such as PET.

[0016] The paint-receiving layer may be a vinyl acetate homopolymer or copolymer or a mixture thereof, an acrylic copolymer or a mixture thereof with a vinyl acetate / ethylene copolymer, a vinyl acetate / ethylene copolymer and an acrylic hybrid or a polyurethane-containing polymer.

[0017] Preferably, the optional step of treating the dried paint-receiving layer includes, but is not limited to, adhesion-promoting coating, corona treatment, flame treatment, plasma treatment, ozone treatment or combinations thereof.

[0018] The polyolefin materials may be polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, copolymers of ethylene with hexene, butene or octene, polypropylene copolymers, polymethylpentene, cyclic olefin polymers, copolymers of cyclic olefins, metallocene catalyst polyolefins, thermoplastics and elastomers.

[0019] Preferably, the thickness of the ink-receiving layer is less than 60μιτι.

[0020] Preferably, the thickness of the layer coated by extrusion is between 20 μτ and 100 μτ.

A general embodiment of the present invention is a graphic film laminate comprising a) a face material of a graphic film prepared by a method described previously comprising a paint receiving surface and a polyolefin surface, b) an adhesive layer on a polyolefin surface) and a protective layer (liner) adhering to the adhesive layer.

[0022] These, as well as other features, aspects and advantages of the invention will be fully understood and appreciated by reference to the following more detailed description of presently preferred embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a sectional view of a film made according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic of a method for producing a film according to the present invention.

Figure 3 is a diagram of a typical extrusion coating process.

[0023] The present invention is now illustrated in greater detail by the following detailed description, which represents the best currently known way to carry out the invention. However, it should be understood that this description is not used to limit the present invention, but is provided to illustrate the general features of the invention.

[0024] According to the present invention, the carrier web is first coated with a nozzle by a paint-receiving layer and dried to form a substrate.

[0025] The ink-receiving layer can be made from any of the formulations that give the paint-receiving layer. For example, the ink-receiving layer may be selected from a vinyl acetate homopolymer or copolymer or a mixture thereof, an acrylic copolymer or a mixture of an acrylic copolymer with a vinyl acetate / ethylene copolymer, a vinyl acetate / ethylene copolymer and an acrylic hybrid or a polyurethane-containing polymer. Other embodiments of the ink-receiving layer are described in detail in US application No. 12 / 323,788. The paint receiving layer is prepared by coating with a carrier film nozzle (web) using a nozzle. In one embodiment, where an ink-receiving layer having a relatively high gloss surface is desired, a PET carrier is used as the carrier web, because PET has a low surface roughness, which gives a surface with high gloss on the ink-receiving layer after removal of the carrier later in the process. Other carriers may be used, including but not limited to those described in US Application No. 12 / 323,788. The gloss level of the ink-receiving layer thus applied can reach at least 70 gloss units measured at an angle of 60 ° using a Triglossmeter apparatus from BYK Gardner. Of course, a surface that has more than 80 gloss units, and more desirable more than 90, is more desirable. The gloss level of the ink-receiving layer thus applied can reach at least 70 gloss units measured at an angle of 60 ° using a Triglossmeter apparatus from BYK Gardner. Of course, a surface that has more than 80 gloss units, and more desirable more than 90, is more desirable. The gloss level of the ink-receiving layer thus applied can reach at least 70 gloss units measured at an angle of 60 ° using a Triglossmeter apparatus from BYK Gardner. Of course, a surface that has more than 80 gloss units, and more desirable more than 90, is more desirable.

The coatings can, for example, be roller coated with various coating methods available to a person skilled in the art. On the other hand, in applications where matt foil is needed, a carrier film with relatively high surface roughness may be coated with the ink-receiving layer. [0026] The thickness of the ink-receiving layer may vary depending on the formulation of the ink-receiving layer. In general, the ink-receiving layer should be limited to being as thin as practically possible to obtain a good paint intake. According to one embodiment of the invention, the ink-receiving layer has a thickness of less than 60 .mu.l.

[0027] A single paint coating layer is usually not used as a self-adhesive film for graphic use. Thus, it is highly advisable to add a reinforcing layer on the non-PET side of the ink-receiving layer. By combining the coated ink-receiving layer with the polyolefin layer coated by extrusion, the benefits of the various physical properties of the polyolefin can be obtained and thus meet different requirements in graphic applications. For example, the poured vinyl film is known for its excellent adaptability, while the indicated polyolefin materials, such as low density polyethylene, can be applied by extrusion to the indicated thickness to be able to adapt to the substrate. As a substitute material for less adaptable material, such as, for example,

[0028] For coating the substrate by extrusion, the process as shown in Fig. 3 can be used. In this case, the carrier web, which is coated with the ink-receiving layer, is coated by extrusion with a polyolefin. The polyolefin resin is initially molten, for example, by heat and pressure inside the extruder barrel. It is then pushed through the extruder screw and flows through a narrow slot in the extrusion nozzle coating. As a polyolefin material, it is referred to herein as polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers thereof, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or other ethylene-based copolymers, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers, ethylene-acrylic acid, ethylene-octane, ethylene-hexane and ethylene-butane and the like. More specifically, the polyolefins are selected as one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene copolymer with vinyl acetate, ethylene copolymers with hexene, butene or octene, polypropylene copolymers, polymethylpentene, cyclic olefin polymer, copolymers of cyclic olefins, polyolefins made with a metallocene catalyst, thermoplastics and elastomers. In a further embodiment, two highly related copolymers made from ethylene and vinyl acetate: ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers in which the vinyl acetate content is usually in the range from about 1040% to about 50% and vinyl acetate copolymers can be used as a polyolefin according to the invention. -E-ethylene (VAE) in which the content of vinyl acetate varies between about 60-90% of the formulation. EVA are solid materials, while VAEs are mostly water-based emulsions. polymethylpentene, a polymer of cyclic olefins, copolymers of cyclic olefins, polyolefins made with a metallocene catalyst, thermoplastics and elastomers. In a further embodiment, two highly related copolymers made from ethylene and vinyl acetate: ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers in which the vinyl acetate content is usually in the range from about 1040% to about 50% and vinyl acetate copolymers can be used as a polyolefin according to the invention. -E-ethylene (VAE) in which the content of vinyl acetate varies between about 60-90% of the formulation. EVA are solid materials, while VAEs are mostly water-based emulsions. polymethylpentene, a polymer of cyclic olefins, copolymers of cyclic olefins, polyolefins made with a metallocene catalyst, thermoplastics and elastomers. In a further embodiment, two highly related copolymers made from ethylene and vinyl acetate: ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers in which the vinyl acetate content is usually in the range from about 1040% to about 50% and vinyl acetate copolymers can be used as a polyolefin according to the invention. -E-ethylene (VAE) in which the content of vinyl acetate varies between about 60-90% of the formulation. EVA are solid materials, while VAEs are mostly water-based emulsions. In a further embodiment, two highly related copolymers made from ethylene and vinyl acetate: ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers in which the vinyl acetate content is usually in the range from about 1040% to about 50% and vinyl acetate copolymers can be used as a polyolefin according to the invention. -E-ethylene (VAE) in which the content of vinyl acetate varies between about 60-90% of the formulation. EVA are solid materials, while VAEs are mostly water-based emulsions. In a further embodiment, two highly related copolymers made from ethylene and vinyl acetate: ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers in which the vinyl acetate content is usually in the range from about 1040% to about 50% and vinyl acetate copolymers can be used as a polyolefin according to the invention. -E-ethylene (VAE) in which the content of vinyl acetate varies between about 60-90% of the formulation. EVA are solid materials, while VAEs are mostly water-based emulsions.

[0029] The molten film is pulled down to the nip between the two rollers below the nozzle. Two rollers is usually driven by a cooled roll and a pressure roller covered with rubber. As the alloy comes into contact with the moving substrate, a film of the desired thickness may be formed on the substrate. The foil can be applied at a rate of up to 5.08 m / s (1000 ft / min).

[0030] In some cases, in order to achieve good interlayer adhesion, an optional step of treating or applying the primer to the substrate, including the carrier applied thereon and the paint receiving layer, is desirable prior to extrusion coating of the polyolefin. Processing methods include, but are not limited to, adhesion coating coating, corona treatment, flame treatment, plasma treatment, ozone treatment or a combination of the above. For example, corona treatment of the substrate

EP 2 716 452 to above 0.0004 N (40 dynes) is one of the methods of such treatment. Optionally, after treatment, an in-line adhesive base such as polyethyleneimine dispersion can be applied to the corona treated paint-receiving layer and dried prior to extrusion coating.

[0031] Further, in order to achieve good adhesion, temperatures in the extruder are usually used as high as 343 ° C (650 ° F). Thus, the method differs from the method of pouring the film in which the temperature in the process is much lower. In order to achieve such a high temperature, the extruder should preferably have a cylinder with a length to diameter ratio of at least 20: 1 up to as high as 28: 1. The long cylinder allows better mixing, which helps to create internal heat. The long cylinder also makes it possible to install an additional number of electric heaters into the extruder cylinder.

The extrusion coating nozzles are generally wider than the width of the substrate to be coated because the width of the material being extruded tapers before contacting the substrate. Embossing the substrate, which is much narrower than the width of the nozzle, is common. This is done by adjustable lids inserted at the ends or clamped at the bottom of the nozzle.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present invention, the polyolefin is extruded onto the ink-receiving printing layer, which has been treated as previously described. The thickness of the coating layer applied by extrusion can be several micrometers to hundreds of micrometres and is determined by the physical properties desired for the final structure. In one embodiment, the thickness of the polyolefin applied by extrusion can be, for example, between 20 μιτι and 100 μιτι.

[0034] The topsheet of the graphic film produced in accordance with the process of the invention may be used in the structure of the graphic film laminate as shown in Fig.1. The structure of the graphic film laminate may include, for example, a face of a graphic film made by a method as described previously, including an ink-receiving surface that can be glossy, and a polyolefin surface, an adhesive layer on the polyolefin surface and a protective layer adhering to the adhesive layer. The adhesive can be applied, for example, by adhesive lamination. Adhesives may include pressure sensitive adhesives. Preferably, the adhesives are selected from halogen-free adhesives for the production of non-halogenated films. Examples of halogen-free adhesives include acrylic adhesives, such as hot-melt acrylic adhesives and water-based latex acrylic adhesives. Other halogen free adhesives include hot melt rubber adhesives, silicone adhesives, thermoplastic elastomers, other halogen free adhesives known in the art, and any combinations of any of them in any proportions.

[0035] To improve subsequently the adhesive lamination, a corona treatment of the extrusion-coated polyolefin layer can be performed, for example, either in combination with an extrusion coating process or offline before adhesive lamination. In some situations, it is also desirable to coat multiple layers by co-extrusion with at least one layer to improve adhesion. This adhesion promoting layer may be a thin layer (thinner than 1 μιτ) to further improve the adhesion between the printing layer and the reinforcement layer or the adhesion between the reinforcing layer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.

An exemplary method according to the invention is shown in the drawings in Fig. 2.

[0037] The following examples describe various embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the examples given below. Unless otherwise stated, all parts, percentages and ratios in the following examples are by weight and all reagents used in the examples were obtained or are available from the chemical suppliers set out below, or may be synthesized by conventional techniques.

EP 2 716 452

Test methods [0038] The physical properties of the samples were tested using mechanical measurement techniques, e.g. Instron. The modified ASTM D882 was used to determine tensile strength and elongation in percent of the films of the present invention. The procedure is as follows:

1. 2.54 cm x 10.16 cm (1 "x 4") samples were cut in the machine direction or in the cross machine direction.

2. A 2.54 cm (1 ") film was captured at both ends, so that the distance between the handles was 5.08 cm (2 inches).

3. The cross head speed was set to 30.48 centimeters per minute (12 inches per minute ("ipm")).

4.% elongation is recorded by the machine.

Extrusion Coating Example 1 [0039] A paint-receiving coating (IRC) sheet made of acrylic resin with TiO2, 36 μιτι (1.4 mils) applied to 36 μτ (14 mils) PET (PET / IRC) was corona treated after IRC side to provide surface energy above 0.05 N / m (50 dyne / cm). After corona treatment, the sheet was coated with a primer using a roller cylinder. An aqueous primer was used, prepared from a dispersion of polyethylene imine (Mica Corporation) in water, with a solid content equal to or less than 2.5%. The weight of the undercoat is less than 0.1 g / m².

[0040] An EVA copolymer resin (Ateva AT 1651 from AT Plastics with a VA content of 16%) was applied by extrusion to the top of the primer. The extrusion temperature is typically 216 ° C (420 ° F) to obtain a low melt viscosity and prevent the formation of an EVA resin gel. After the extrusion coating, the PET carrier was removed exposing the glossy surface. A sample (IRC / primer / EVA) was prepared and characterized in the attached table and compared to the commercial poured Avery vinyl film.

Table 1

<td></td><td>Thickness</td><td>Module Young</td><td colspan="3">Stretching, kg / cm (pound / inch)</td><td colspan="2">Elongation%</td>

<td>Sample ID</td><td>μτ (Mil)</td><td>(MPa)</td><td>to the yield point</td><td>down breaking</td><td>Rupture/ plasticity</td><td>at the plastic border</td><td>at break</td>

<td>IRC / primer / EVA</td><td>56.4 (2.22)</td><td>267</td><td>0.46 (2.6)</td><td>0.70 (3,9)</td><td>0.27 (1.5)</td><td>5</td><td>293</td>

<td>Avery A9 Casted vinyl</td><td>51 (2.0)</td><td>763</td><td>1.2 (6.5)</td><td>1.2 (6.7)</td><td>0.18 (1.0)</td><td>20</td><td>181</td>

<td>Avery MPI 1005</td><td>51 (2.0)</td><td>413</td><td>1.0 (5.8)</td><td>1.5 (8.2)</td><td>0.25 (1.4)</td><td>20</td><td>284</td>

Extrusion Coating Example 2 [0041] As in the previous Example 1, the same sheet with the coating receiving coating was corona treated and coated with a primer. Low density polyethylene resin (Westlake Polymer E6838-850P, density 0.915 g / cm³, melt flow rate of 12.5 g / 10 min at 190 ° C / 2.16 kg) was applied by extrusion to the base sheet on the paint coat side at approximately 316 ° C (600 ° F). The film sample (IRC / primer / LDPE) was made and characterized in the attached table. A comparison was made with calandered vinyl film MPI 2000 from Avery Graphics.

EP 2 716 452

Table 2

<td></td><td>Thickness</td><td>Module Young</td><td colspan="3">Stretching, kg / cm (pound / inch)</td><td colspan="2">Elongation%</td>

<td>Sample ID</td><td>μτ (Mil)</td><td>(MPa)</td><td>to the yield point</td><td>down breaking</td><td>Rupture/ limit plasticity</td><td>to the yield point</td><td>at break</td>

<td>IRC / primer / LDPE</td><td>85.9 (3.38)</td><td>202</td><td>0.70 (3.9)</td><td>0.82 (4.6)</td><td>0.21 (1.2)</td><td>6</td><td>201</td>

<td>MPI2000 MD</td><td>81.3 (3.20)</td><td>651</td><td>1.6 (9.1)</td><td>2.39 (13.4)</td><td>0.27 (1.5)</td><td>6</td><td>341</td>

<td>MPI2000 CD</td><td>81.3 (3.20)</td><td>593</td><td>1.5 (8.6)</td><td>2.57 (14.4)</td><td>0.30 (1.7)</td><td>7</td><td>440</td>

Example 3 [0042] This example is given to further present an extrusion coating material that is more suited to calendered vinyl films, such as Avery MPI 2000. To test the mechanical properties and turbidity, TiO 2 foil samples were prepared.

materials:

[0043] a: PP DS6D81 (random copolymer, Dow Chemicals) b: E6838-850P (LDPE, Westlake Polymers) c: Ateva 1651 (EVA copolymer, AT Plastics) d: Pro-fax PH835 (homo-polypropylene, LyondellBasell) e : P9H8M-015 (Polypropylene, Flint Hills Resources) [0044] All blends in the following examples contain 15 parts of Polybatch White TiO2 compound

P8555SD (A. Schulman).

Examples 3-1

[0045] The effect of LDPE on the mechanical properties of a film made from co-PP / LDPE blends

Table 3

<td>ID</td><td colspan="2">Materiałskład</td><td></td><td>Mod.Younga MPa</td><td>SD</td><td>Stretching limit @ plastic, MPa (psi)</td><td>SD MPa (Psi)</td><td>Stretching @ break, canine</td><td>SD MPa (Psi)</td><td>Deformation @ plastic,%</td><td>SD</td><td>Deformation. @ breaking,%</td><td>SD</td><td>Thickness μιτι (in)</td>

<td>011209-</td><td>and-</td><td>b-0</td><td>MD</td><td>277</td><td>6</td><td>14.92 (2164)</td><td>0.54</td><td>32.51 (4715)</td><td>6.08</td><td>16.4</td><td>1.6</td><td>697</td><td>93</td><td>64</td>

<td>01</td><td>100</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(79)</td><td></td><td>(882)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0025)</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>276</td><td>12</td><td>14.63 (2122)</td><td>0.39</td><td>32.52 (4716)</td><td>1.74</td><td>18.3</td><td>0.7</td><td>880</td><td>29</td><td>64</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(57)</td><td></td><td>(252)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0025)</td>

<td>011209-</td><td>and-</td><td>b-</td><td>MD</td><td>317</td><td>35</td><td>16.25 (2357)</td><td>0.25</td><td>31.03 (4500)</td><td>0.986</td><td>15.0</td><td>0.2</td><td>780</td><td>27</td><td>71</td>

<td>02</td><td>80</td><td>20</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(36)</td><td></td><td>(143)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0028)</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>307</td><td>31</td><td>15.30 (2219)</td><td>1.33</td><td>24.17 (3505)</td><td>4.65</td><td>17.4</td><td>1.2</td><td>825</td><td>99</td><td>79</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(193)</td><td></td><td>(675)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0031)</td>

<td>011209-</td><td>and-</td><td>b-</td><td>MD</td><td>245</td><td>4</td><td>13.4 (2007)</td><td>0.48</td><td>26.22 (3803)</td><td>2.43</td><td>20.0</td><td>2.6</td><td>768</td><td>73</td><td>71</td>

<td>03</td><td>60</td><td>40</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(70)</td><td></td><td>(352)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0028)</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>228</td><td>14</td><td>12.60 (1828)</td><td>0.23</td><td>16.17 (2345)</td><td>3.81</td><td>15.7</td><td>2.1</td><td>682</td><td>83</td><td>74</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(34)</td><td></td><td>(552)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0029)</td>

<td>011309-</td><td>AND-</td><td>b-</td><td>MD</td><td>208</td><td>11</td><td>12.01 (1742)</td><td>0.22</td><td>25.58 (3710)</td><td>111</td><td>16.3</td><td>0.6</td><td>820</td><td>34</td><td>79</td>

<td>01</td><td>40</td><td>60</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(32)</td><td></td><td>(161)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0031)</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>189</td><td>6</td><td>10.67 (1548)</td><td>0.21</td><td>11.10 (1610)</td><td>2.35</td><td>16.7</td><td>2.1</td><td>425</td><td>76</td><td>81</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(31)</td><td></td><td>(341)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0032)</td>

<td>011309-</td><td>and-</td><td>b-</td><td>MD</td><td>191</td><td>5</td><td>24.12 (3498)</td><td>3.14</td><td>16.51 (2395)</td><td>2.88</td><td>18.0</td><td>1.7</td><td>560</td><td>129</td><td>66</td>

<td>02</td><td>20</td><td>80</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(456)</td><td></td><td>(418)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0026)</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>150</td><td>3</td><td>8.777 (1273)</td><td>0.25</td><td>5.01 (727)</td><td>0.752</td><td>18.0</td><td>1.5</td><td>206</td><td>109</td><td>71</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(36)</td><td></td><td>(109)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0028)</td>

<td>011309-</td><td>a-0</td><td>b-</td><td>MD</td><td></td><td></td><td>8.867 (1286)</td><td>0.25</td><td>9,108 (1321)</td><td>2.71</td><td>18.3</td><td>1.2</td><td>400</td><td>65</td><td>71</td>

<td>03</td><td></td><td>100</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(36)</td><td></td><td>(393)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0028)</td>

SD-standard deviation [0046] The addition of LDPE decreases the Young's modulus and tensile strength

Examples 3-2. Comparison of mechanical properties of films based on EVA and PP

EP 2 716 452 [0047]

Table 4

<td>ID</td><td colspan="2">composition</td><td></td><td>Mod.Younga, MPa</td><td>SD</td><td>Extension @ plastic, MPa (psi)</td><td>SD, MPa (psi)</td><td>Stretch. @ Rupture, MPa (psi)</td><td>SD, MPa (psi)</td><td>Deformation. @ plastic,%</td><td>S D</td><td>Deformation. @ rupture,%</td><td>S D</td><td>Thickness, μτ (in)</td>

<td>01130906</td><td>c10 0</td><td></td><td>M D</td><td>55</td><td>2</td><td>7.750 (1124)</td><td>0.38 (55)</td><td>11.45 (1661)</td><td>1.02 (148)</td><td>61.2</td><td>8 0</td><td></td><td></td><td>74 (0.0029)</td>

<td>01140901</td><td>d10 0</td><td></td><td>M D</td><td>545</td><td>70</td><td>17.64 (2558)</td><td>1.59 (230)</td><td>23.46 (3403)</td><td>5.50 (797)</td><td>13.7</td><td>1 6</td><td>692</td><td>8 2</td><td>79 (0.0031)</td>

[0048] The PP-based film is much stiffer and stronger. 5 Examples 3-3. Comparison of co-PP and LDPE as additions to PP [0049]

Table 5

<td>ID</td><td colspan="2">Composition</td><td></td><td>Mod.Younga MPa</td><td>SD</td><td>Stretching @ plastic, MPa (psi)</td><td>SD, MPa (psi)</td><td>Stretching to break, MPa (psi)</td><td>SD MPa (Psi)</td><td>Deformation. @ plastic,%</td><td>SD</td><td>Deformation at break%</td><td>SD</td><td>Thickness, μτ (in)</td>

<td>012209-</td><td>e</td><td></td><td>MD</td><td>523</td><td>44</td><td>19.39 (2813)</td><td>0.710</td><td>28.28 (4101)</td><td>1.93</td><td>16.4</td><td>0.9</td><td>796</td><td>48</td><td>71</td>

<td>01</td><td>100</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(103)</td><td></td><td>(280)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0028)</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>478</td><td>27</td><td>17.55 (2546)</td><td>0.29 (42)</td><td>22.58 (3275)</td><td>1.17</td><td>15.3</td><td>0.7</td><td>740</td><td>32</td><td>71</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(170)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0028)</td>

<td>012209-</td><td>e</td><td>b-</td><td>MD</td><td>566</td><td>44</td><td>24.56 (3562)</td><td>1.36 (197)</td><td>32.08 (4653)</td><td>1.53</td><td>14.5</td><td>1.6</td><td>694</td><td>54</td><td>74</td>

<td>03</td><td>80</td><td>20</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(222)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0029)</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>503</td><td>66</td><td>22.60 (3278)</td><td>0.43 (62)</td><td>23.23 (3369)</td><td>1.36</td><td>13.0</td><td>0.5</td><td>541</td><td>99</td><td>74</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(197)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0029)</td>

<td>012609-</td><td>e</td><td>and-</td><td>MD</td><td>360</td><td>19</td><td>16.03 (2326)</td><td>0.51 (74)</td><td>31.45 (4561)</td><td>2.70</td><td>19.9</td><td>0.8</td><td>838</td><td>65</td><td>74</td>

<td>01</td><td>80</td><td>20</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(392)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0029)</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>315</td><td>11</td><td>15.86 (2301)</td><td>0.35 (51)</td><td>23.56 (3417)</td><td>1.64</td><td>19.3</td><td>0.2</td><td>785</td><td>37</td><td>74 (0.029)</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(238)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

EP 2 716 452 [0050] The addition of co-PP makes the film less rigid (lower Young's modulus) without greatly affecting other properties.