Use of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor and respiratory chain complex iii inhibitor for improving the ratio of harmful to beneficial microorganisms

The invention relates to the use of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors and chain complex III inhibitors for controlling undesirable fungal pathogens and, at the same time, improving the ratio of harmful microorganisms to beneficial microorganisms in crops.

[0002] For many years, microbiologists, plant pathologists and microbial ecologists have tended to differentiate and classify microorganisms to be beneficial or harmful, depending on their function and impact on soil quality, plant growth and yield, plant health, root health, fruit quality and nutritional properties.

[0003] Beneficial microorganisms are those that can bind atmospheric nitrogen, degrade organic waste and residues, detoxify pesticides, compete for the availability of limited nutrients with plant pathogens (excluding niche ones), suppress or fight plant diseases above ground and / or in soil, reduce or kill insects and / or nematodes, improve the circulation of nutrients and produce biologically active compounds such as vitamins, hormones, enzymes that stimulate plant growth.

[0004] Living microorganisms considered healthy for the host organism are also known as "probiotics". According to the definition currently adopted by the FAO and WHO, probiotics are: "live microorganisms that when given in appropriate amounts bring health benefits to the host". Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria are the most common types of microorganisms used as probiotics; but some yeasts and bacteria may also be helpful. Probiotics are commonly consumed as part of fermented food with a special addition of active live cultures; such as yoghurts, soy yoghurts or as dietary supplements.

[0005] Harmful microorganisms, also called "pathogens" are those that can cause plant diseases within fruits, roots, leaves and other parts of plants, immobilizing nutrients and producing toxic and putrefactive substances that adversely affect plant growth, health and yields.

[0006] Therefore, there is a great demand for active ingredients that guarantee - on the one hand - effective control of harmful microorganisms and which, on the other hand, do not affect the activity of beneficial microorganisms. It would be desirable if such active ingredients would further increase the amount of beneficial microorganisms.

[0007] The inventors have surprisingly found that a mixture of fluopyram succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors and trifloxystrobin complex III chain inhibitors effectively control the presence of a large number of harmful or at least undesirable fungal pathogens, while the presence of beneficial

-2 microbial organisms on the treated crop are at least the same or, more preferably, even significantly increased. Accordingly, the treatment of plants according to the invention leads to a better ratio of harmful microorganisms to beneficial microrganisms.

The present invention therefore relates to the use of fluopyram succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors and trifloxystrobin complex III inhibitors of the respiratory chain to control undesirable fungal pathogens without loss of beneficial microorganisms in plants, and more preferably to simultaneously improve the ratio of harmful microorganisms to beneficial microorganisms.

[0009] Figure 1 shows the percentage change of beneficial and harmful microorganisms in the surface of stone fruit microflora and after treatment with LUNA Sensation (SC 500 formulation of a mixture of fluopyram and trifloxystrobin in a 1: 1 ratio) before harvest.

[0010] In connection with the invention, "control" means a significant reduction of pathogens relative to untreated plants, more preferably the infection is substantially reduced (50-79%), most preferably the infection is completely suppressed (80-100%).

[0011] In connection with the invention, "no loss" means that neither the content nor the activity of beneficial microorganisms, after treatment with a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor with fluopyram and an inhibitor of the III complex with trifloxystrobine, is not reduced.

[0012] In connection with the invention, "Increasing the content of beneficial microorganisms" means that after treatment with a fluopyram succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor and trifloxystrobin complex III inhibitor, the content of beneficial microorganisms is greater than before treatment. Preferably, the content of beneficial microorganisms is twice as high as before the treatment with a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor with fluopyram and a complex III inhibitor. Even more preferably, the content of beneficial microorganisms increased tenfold after treatment with a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor with fluopyram and a complex III inhibitor with trifloxystrobin.

[0013] The phrase "improved ratio of harmful microorganisms to beneficial microorganisms" means that the content of harmful microorganisms has decreased while the content of beneficial microorganisms remains constant or, preferably, increases.

In the context of the invention, the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors are active compounds having an inhibitory effect on the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme in the mitochondrial respiration chain.

[0015] The succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor of the present application is fluopyram.

[0016] Fluopyram has the chemical name N - {[3-chloro-5- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pyridinyl] ethyl} -2-trifluoromethylbenzamide, and methods for its preparation from commercially available starting materials are described in EP-A-1 389. 614.

[0017] The respiratory chain inhibitor in complex III, also called "complex III inhibitor", which is used according to the invention is selected from (3.17) trifloxystrobin (141517-21-7) (known from WO 2004/058723.

[0018] A combination of trifloxystrobin and fluopyram is used in the application.

[0019] Examples of beneficial microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of pink yeast, white yeast, yellow yeast, Bacillus spp., Epicoccum spp., White bacteria, yellow bacteria, black bacteria, Paecilomyces spp. And Ulocladium spp., More preferably from Paecilomyces spp., Ulocladium spp., white and yellow yeast, white and yellow bacteria, most preferably yellow bacteria.

[0020] Examples of harmful microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of Botrytis spp., Rhizopus spp., Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aerobasidium spp. powdery mildew, such as those caused by Blumeria, for example by Blumeria graminis.

Podosphaera diseases caused for example by Podosphaera leucotricha

Sphaerotheca diseases, caused for example by Sphaerotheca fuliginea

Uncinula diseases, caused for example by Uncinula necator

Diseases associated with rust, such as:

Gymnosporangium diseases, caused for example by Gymnosporangium sabinae Hemileia diseases caused for example by Hemileia vastatrix

Phakopsora diseases, caused for example by Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae

Puccinia, caused for example by Puccinia recondite and Puccinia triticina; Uromyces diseases, caused for example by Uromyces appendiculatus Oomycete diseases, such as:

Bremia diseases caused for example by Bremia lactucae

Peronospora diseases, caused for example by Peronospora pisi and Peronospora brassicae Phytophthora diseases caused for example by Phytophthora infestans Plasmopara diseases caused for example by Plasmopara viticola

Pseudoperonospora diseases caused for example by Pseudoperonospora humuli and Pseudoperono spora cubensis

Pythium diseases, caused for example by Pythium ultimum

Diseases of deciduous black, leaf blotch and leaves with rust, such as:

Alternaria diseases, caused for example by Alternaria solani

Cercospora diseases caused for example by Cercospora beticola

Cladiosporium diseases, caused for example by Cladiosporium cucumerinum

Cochliobolus diseases, caused for example by Cochliobolus sativus (Conidiaform: Drechslera, Syn: Helminthosporium);

Colletotrichum diseases, caused for example by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

Cycloconium diseases caused for example by Cycloconium oleaginum

Diaporthe diseases, caused for example by Diaporthe citri

Elsinoe diseases caused for example by Elsinoe fawcettii

Gloeosporium diseases caused for example by Gloeosporium laeticolor

Glomerella diseases caused for example by Glomerell cingulata

Guignardia diseases, caused for example by Guignardia bidwellii

Leptosphaeria diseases, caused for example by Leptosphaeria maculans

Magnaporthe diseases, caused for example by Magnaporthe grisea

Mycosphaerella diseases caused for example by Mycosphaerella graminicola and Mycosphaerella fijiensis

Phaeosphaeria diseases caused for example by Phaeosphaeria nodorum

Pyrenophora diseases, caused for example by Pyrenophora teres

Ramularia diseases caused for example by Ramularia collo-Cygni

Rhynchosporium diseases caused for example by Rhynchosporium secalis Septoria diseases, caused for example by Septoria apii;

Typhula diseases, caused for example by Thyphuła incamata. Venturia diseases caused, for example, by Venturia inaequalis. Root and stem diseases, such as:

Corticium diseases, caused for example by Corticium graminearum

Fusarium diseases, caused for example by Fusarium oxysporum

Gaeumannomyces diseases, caused for example by Gaeumannomyces graminis Rhizoctonia diseases caused for example by Rhizoctonia solani

Oculimacul diseases (Tapesia) caused for example by Oculimacul Tapesia acuformis

Thielaviopsis diseases, caused for example by Thielaviopsis basicola

Ear and panicle diseases, including corn on the cob, such as:

Altemaria diseases, caused for example by Altemaria spp.

Aspergillus diseases, caused for example by Aspergillus flavus

Cladosporium diseases, caused for example by Cladosporium

Claviceps diseases caused for example by Claviceps purpurea

Fusarium diseases, caused for example by Fusarium cułmorum

Gibberella diseases caused for example by Gibberell zeae

Monographella diseases, caused for example by Monographella nivalis

Diseases of the blade (snow) such as:

Sphacelotheca diseases caused for example by Sphacelotheca reiliana

Tilletia diseases, caused for example by Tilletia caries

Urocystis diseases caused for example by Urocystis occulta

Ustilago diseases, caused for example by Ustilago nuda;

Diseases causing rotting and molding of fruit, such as:

Aspergillus diseases, caused for example by Aspergillus flavus

Botrytis diseases caused for example by Botrytis cinerea

Penicillium diseases, caused for example by Penicillium expansum and Penicillium purpuro genum

Sclerotinia diseases, caused for example by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum;

Verticillium diseases caused for example by Verticilium alboatrum

Seed and soil diseases - decay, mold, wilting, rot and fall:

Fusarium diseases caused for example by Fusarium cułmorum

Phytophthora diseases caused for example by Phytophthora cactorum

Pythium diseases, caused for example by Pythium ultimum

Rhizoctonia diseases, caused for example by Rhizoctonia solani

Sclerotium diseases caused for example by Sclerotium rolfsii

Diseases associated with broom broom and dying, such as;

Nectria diseases caused, for example, by Nectria galligena

Ear diseases, such as:

Monilinia diseases caused for example by Monilinia laxa

Leaf blotchiness or leaf curl, including flower and fruit deformities, such as: Taphrina diseases, caused for example by Taphrina deformans Diseases associated with the weakening of wooden plants such as:

-6 Esca diseases caused for example by Phaemoniella clamydo spora and Phaeoacremonium

Aleophilum and Fomitiporia mediterranea

Diseases of flowers and seeds, such as:

Botrytis diseases caused for example by Botrytis cinerea

Diseases of tubers, such as:

Rhizoctonia diseases, caused for example by Rhizoctonia solani

Helminthosporium diseases caused for example by Helminthosporium solani

Diseases caused by bacteria, such as, for example, Xanthomanas strains, e.g. Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae

Pseudomonas species, e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans Erwinia species, for example Erwinia amylovora.

Aspergillus flavus, most strains of Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus nomius Aspergillus bombycis, Aspergillus pseudotamellia, Aspergillus ochraceoroseus, Aspergillus rambelli, Emericella astellata, Emericella venezuelensis, Bipolaris spp., Chaetomium spp., Farrowia spp. And Monocillium spp. In particular Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium cerealis, Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium crookwellense, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium graminearum (Gibberella zeae), Fusarium lateritium, Fusarium poae, Fusarium sambucinum ( G. pulicaris), Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium sporotrichioides and other species of Fusarium.

[0022] In general, the use according to the invention can be applied to any type of crop / plant.

[0023] By plant parts is meant all aboveground and underground parts and organs of plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower, bud and root, which are, for example, leaves, needles, stems, branches, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits and seeds. as well as roots, tubers and rhizomes. Crops and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, bulbs, rhizomes, tubers, runners, grains, seeds and plants, also belong to plant parts.

Among the plants that can be protected by the method of the invention, there can be mentioned main crop plants, such as corn, soybean, cotton, oilseeds, such as Brassica napus (e.g. rape), Brassica rapa, B. juncea (e.g. mustard) and Brassica carinata, rice, wheat, sugar beets, sugar cane, oats, rye, barley, millet, triticale, flax, vines and various fruits and vegetables from various botanical taxa such as Rosaceae spp. (for example, fruit grains, such as apples and pears, but also stone fruits such as apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches, berries such as strawberries), Ribesioidae spp, Juglandaceae spp, Betulaceae spp, Anacardiaceae spp, Fagaceae spp, Moraceae spp, Oleaceae spp, Actinidaceae spp, Lauraceae spp, Musaceae spp. (for example, trees and banana plantings), Rubiaceae spp.(for example, coffee),

-7Theaceae spp., Sterciiliceae spp., Rutaceae spp. (For example, lemons, oranges and grapefruit); Solanaceae spp. (For example, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, eggplant), Liliaceae spp., Compositiae spp. (For example, lettuce, chicory and artichoke - including chicory root, endives or common chicory), Cmbelliferea spp. (For example carrots, parsley, celery and celeriac), Cucurbitaceae spp. (for example cucumber - including pickled cucumber, pumpkin, watermelon, gourd and melons), Alliaceae spp. (for example, onions and pores), Cruciferae spp. (for example, white cabbage , red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radishes, horseradish, cress, Chinese cabbage), Leguminosae spp. (for example, peanuts, peas and beans - such as string beans and broad beans), Chenopodiaceae spp. (for example, leaf beet, chard, spinach,

[0025] According to the invention, all cereals, nuts, fruits and spices have been included, in particular cereals such as all types of wheat, rye, barley, triticale, rice, sorghum, oats, millet, quinoa, buckwheat, phonio, amaranth, abyssinian grass and durum wheat; in particular, the fruit of various botanical taxa such as Rosaceae spp. (for example pomaceous fruit such as apples and pears, but also stone fruits such as apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches, berries such as strawberries ), Fitis spp. (For example, Vitis vinifera: grapes, raisins), Manihoteae spp. (For example, cassava, manioc), Theobroma spp. (For example Theobroma cacao: cacao), Ribesioidae spp., Juglandaceae spp., Betulaceae spp. ,, Anacardiaceae spp., Fagaceae spp., Moraceae spp., Oleaceae spp., Actinidaceae spp., Lauraceae spp. , Musaceae spp. (For example, trees and banana plantings), Rubiaceae spp. (E.g. coffee), Theaceae spp., Sterculiceae spp., Rutaceae spp. (For example, lemons, oranges and grapefruit); Solanaceae spp. (For example, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, aubergines), Liliaceae spp, in particular nuts of various botanical taxa, such as peanuts, Juglandaceae spp. (Walnut, Persian nut (Juglans regia), Musk nut (Juglans), American white walnut, five-leafed peanut, cracked peanut The examples of fruits that can be treated according to the invention have been selected from an infinite group of fruits and include bananas, black currants, redcurrants, gooseberries, tomatoes, aubergines, guava Lucuma, chili peppers, pomegranate, kiwi, grapes, table grapes, pumpkin, calabash, cucumber, melon, orange, lemon, lime,

[0027] Examples of vegetables that can be treated according to the invention have been selected from an infinite group consisting of flower buds, such as broccoli, cauliflower,

-8karczochy; corn seeds, known as maizena; leaves such as kale, cabbage, spinach, chard, turnip, chicory; leaf sheaths such as pores; buds such as brussels sprouts; leaf stems such as celery, rhubarb; stems of plants in the form of young shoots such as asparagus, ginger; underground stalks of plants, also known as tubers such as potatoes, Jerusalem artichokes, sweet potatoes, yams; all immature plants, known as sprouts; roots such as carrots, parsnips, beets, radishes, turnips; bulbs such as onions, garlic, shallots.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fluopyram succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor and the III t rifloxystrobin complex inhibitor are used for dry stone fruit like apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches in order to improve the ratio of beneficial microorganisms to harmful microorganisms. It was found that a better ratio leads to a significantly extended shelf life and storage compared to untreated fruits.

[0029] Fluopyram's succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors and trifloxystrobin complex III inhibitor may be used to control fungal pathogens without affecting the content of beneficial microorganisms in the plant over a period of time after application of the treatment to seed bearings, fruits or vegetables or after treating the fruits or vegetables themselves. In general, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor is applied to plants or their fruits or vegetables before harvest, more preferably before the maturation of fruits and vegetables, and most preferably during plant and fruit growth, before being contaminated with a fungal pathogen.

[0030] Even if the fluopyram succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor and III complex inhibitor trifloxystrobin are applied to the plants before harvest, the application of the microflora to the surface of the harvested fruits has been significantly improved in reducing harmful and increasing the number of beneficial microorganisms.

[0031] The period during which fungal pathogens can be controlled typically extends from 1 hour to 6 months, preferably from 1 week to 1 month after the end of treatment of plants and fruit or vegetables with active compounds.

[0032] With the use of a fluopyram succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor and a trifloxystrobin III complex inhibitor according to the invention for controlling fungal pathogens without reducing the number of beneficial microorganisms, the application rates can vary over a wide range, depending on the type of application. When used on the list, the amounts of active ingredient used are; usually in the range of from 1 to 3000 g / ha, preferably from 25 to 750 g / ha, and most preferably from 30 to 500 g / ha, calculated as pure as (active substance).

According to the invention, the fluopyram succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor can be used for all parts of the plant, such as shoot, leaf, flower, root, leaflets, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, vegetative buds and flower buds, fruiting bodies and fruits.

[0034] Plants in the context of the invention are understood to mean all plants and plant populations, such as desirable and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including

-Natural occurring crops). Crops or crops may be plants that can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods, either by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or by combinations of these methods, including transgenic plants and plant varieties that may or may not be protected by the plant breeder's rights.

According to the invention, plant treatment with a fluopyram succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor and an inhibitor of the triflooxystrobin III complex is carried out directly by means of customary treatments, for example by dipping, spraying, evaporating, fogging, injection, dripping, profuse pouring, spreading or lubrication. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, fluopyram is used by injection, dripping, spraying or spraying. Fluopyram succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors and trifloxystrobin complex III inhibitor may be converted into conventional dosage forms such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams. , pastes, granules, aerosols, very fine capsules in polymeric substances and coating agents for seed,

The formulations are prepared in a known manner, for example by mixing the active ingredients with diluents, i.e. liquid solvents, pressurized liquefied gases and / or solid carriers, optionally using surfactants, i.e. emulsifiers and / or dispersing agents. and / or foam concentrates. If water is used as the diluent, for example, organic solvents may be used as auxiliary solvents. Suitable liquid solvents are in general: aromatic compounds, such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatic compounds or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example, crude oil fractions oil, alcohols, e.g. butanol or glycol, as well as their ethers and esters, ketones, such as acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, isobutyl methyl ketone or cyclohexanone, highly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, and water. Condensed gaseous diluents or carriers are those that are in gaseous state at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, for example propellants, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Suitable solid carriers are, for example, natural mineral powders, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and synthetic minerals, such as finely divided silicas, alumina and silicates. As solid carriers for granules, suitable are crushed and fractionated natural minerals such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, as well as synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours and granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells , corn on the cob and tobacco stalks. Suitable emulsifiers and / or foaming agents are, for example, nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene ethers and alcohols

Fatty alcohols, e.g. polyalkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, aryl sulfonates, as well as protein hydrolysates. Suitable dispersing agents are, for example, lignin sulphite waste liquors and methylcellulose.

Adhesion promoters, such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, as well as natural phospholipids, such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids. , can be used in preparations. Other possible additives include mineral and vegetable oils.

[0039] It is possible to use coloring agents, such as inorganic pigments, for example, iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian blue, and organic dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine dyes and trace nutrients, such as salts iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.

[0040] The formulations generally contain between 0.1 and 95% by weight of a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, preferably between 0.5 and 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation.

[0041] According to the invention, fluopyram succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors and triflooxystrobin complex III inhibitor as such or preparations thereof may also be used in admixture with known fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides or insecticides, e.g. by expanding the spectrum of action or preventing development of immunity. In many cases synergistic effects are obtained, i.e. the activity of the mixture is greater than the activity of the individual components.

[0042] A further embodiment of the invention relates to the use of a composition comprising a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fluopyram and trifloxystrobin for controlling fungal pathogens without reducing the amount of beneficial microorganisms.

[0043] Even if the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor and the complex III inhibitor are applied to the plants before harvest, the microflora on the surface of the harvested fruits is significantly improved in terms of the increased amount of beneficial and reduced amount of harmful microorganisms.

[0044] The period during which fungal pathogens can be controlled generally extends from 1 hour to 6 months, preferably from 1 week to 1 month after the end of treatment of plants and fruit or vegetables with active compounds.

[0045] With the use of fluopyram and trifloxystrobin, in accordance with the invention for controlling fungal pathogens, without reducing the amount of beneficial microorganisms, the application rates can vary over a wide range, depending on the type of application. When applied to the list, the application rates of the active ingredient are generally in the range of from 1 to 3000 g / ha, preferably from 25 to 750 g / ha, and most preferably from 30 to 500 g / ha, calculated as pure as (active substance). ).

According to the invention, the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, preferably fluopyram, can be used on all parts of the plant, such as shoot, leaf, flower, root, leaves, needles, stems, stalks, flowers, vegetative buds and flower buds , fruiting bodies and fruits.

[0047] Plants in the context of the invention are understood to mean all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring plant crops). Crops or crops may be plants that can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods, either by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or by combinations of these methods, including transgenic plants and plant varieties that may or may not be protected by the plant breeder's rights.

According to the invention, plant treatment with a fluopyram succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor and an inhibitor of the triflooxystrobin III complex is carried out directly by means of conventional treatments, for example by dipping, spraying, evaporating, fogging, injection, dripping, profuse pouring, spreading or lubrication. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, fluopyram is used by injection, dripping, spraying or spraying.

[0049] Fluopyram and trifloxystrobin can be converted into conventional dosage forms, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, granules, sprays, very fine capsules in polymeric substances and in coating agents for seed, as well as ULV formulations. for fogging in the cold and heat.

The formulations are prepared in a known manner, for example by mixing the active ingredients with diluents, i.e. liquid solvents, pressurized liquefied gases and / or solid carriers, optionally using surfactants, i.e. emulsifiers and / or dispersing agents. and / or foam concentrates. If water is used as the diluent, for example, organic solvents may be used as auxiliary solvents. Suitable liquid solvents are in general: aromatic compounds, such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatic compounds or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, e.g. petroleum fractions . alcohols, e.g. butanol or glycol, as well as their ethers and esters, ketones, such as acetone, ethylmethyl ketone, isobutyl methyl ketone or cyclohexanone, highly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, and water. Condensed gaseous diluents or carriers are those that are in gaseous state at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, for example propellants, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Suitable solid carriers are, for example, natural mineral powders, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and synthetic minerals, such as finely divided silicas, alumina and silicates.

Inorganic and organic as well as granulates from organic material, such as sawdust, coconut shells, corn on the cob and tobacco stalks. Suitable emulsifiers and / or foaming agents are, for example, nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylated fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, e.g. alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulfonates, alkyl sulphates, aryl sulfonates, as well as protein hydrolysates. Suitable dispersing agents are, for example, lignin sulphite waste liquors and methylcellulose.

Adhesion promoters, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, as well as natural phospholipids, such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids. , can be used in preparations. Other possible additives include mineral and vegetable oils.

[0052] It is possible to use coloring agents, such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian blue, and organic dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal-and-gold-ethanol or new and trace nutrients, such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.

[0053] The formulations generally contain between 0.1 and 95% by weight of a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, preferably between 0.5 and 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation.

According to the invention, plant treatment with a fluopyram succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor and an inhibitor of the trifloxystrobin III complex and their formulations can also be used as mixtures with known fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides or insecticides, e.g. to broaden the spectrum of activity or to secure the development resistance. In many cases, a synergistic effect is obtained, i.e. the mixture activity exceeds the activity of individual compounds.

In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, the composition comprising fluopyram and trifloxystrobin serves to control fungal pathogens, e.g. Botrytis spp. And Penicillium spp. In stone fruit such as cherries, nectarines, apricots and peaches.

[0056] In a further embodiment of the invention, it has been found that treatment with a fluopyram succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor prior to harvest or during the season extends shelf life and / or shelf life of harvested fruits or vegetables.

[0057] Tests carried out on harvested stone fruit, which were obtained from crops treated with succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors with fluopyram and strobilurin trifloxystrobin before harvesting, showed that the number of pathogen colonies was significantly reduced. In particular, the presence of pathogens such as Botrytis spp. And Penicillium spp., Which are the main pathogens causing post-harvest problems such as fruit rot, have decreased. Similarly, the number of beneficial colonies

-13microorganisms, such as pink yeast, yellow yeast, white yeast, Bacillus spp,

Epicoccum spp, white bacteria, yellow bacteria, black bacteria, Paecilomyces spp. And

Ulocladium spp. Was significantly increased.

[0058] Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the present invention means the growth of Paecilomyces spp, Ulocladium spp, white and yellow yeast, white and yellow bacteria in the fruit microflora, preferably stone fruit such as peaches, nectarines and apricots, by using a composition containing fluopyram and trifloxystrobin in the season and / or before harvest.

In a most preferred embodiment, the invention relates to increasing the number of yellow bacteria in the surface microflora of fruits, preferably stone fruit such as peaches, nectarines and apricots by using a composition comprising fluopyram and trifloxystrobin in the season and / or before harvest.

[0060] The invention is illustrated by the following example.

Examples

Example 1: Reduction of surface microflora of stone fruit [0061] This example illustrates the percentage change of beneficial and harmful microorganisms in the surface of stone fruit microflora and after treatment with LUNA Sensation (SC 500 formulation of 21.4 wt% fluopyram and 21.4 wt% trifloxystrobin in ratio 1.1) before harvesting. Multiple applications were made from March to July in an amount of 935 liters per hectare, with a sprayer with an auxiliary air stream; the collected fruits were washed, the washes were sown on selective media; and the resulting colonies were counted.

Table 1 and Figure 1

<td colspan="2">Harmful / undesirable microorganisms</td>

<td>Botrytis</td><td>-100%</td>

<td>Penicillium</td><td>-55%</td>

<td>Cladosporium</td><td>-91%</td>

<td>Aspergillus niger</td><td>-79%</td>

<td>Aspergillus flavus</td><td>-</td>

<td>Aspergillus spp.</td><td>166%</td>

<td>Alternaria</td><td>-thirty%</td>

<td>Fusarium spp.</td><td>-100%</td>

<td>Aerobasidium</td><td>-56%</td>

<td colspan="2">Useful microorganisms</td>

<td>paecilomyces</td><td>680%</td>

<td>Ulocladium</td><td>680%</td>

<td>Yeast, Pink</td><td>-10%</td>

<td>Yeast, White</td><td>198%</td>

<td>Yeast, Yellow</td><td>1460%</td>

<td>bacilli</td><td>164%</td>

<td>Bacteria, White</td><td>322%</td>

<td>Bacteria, Yellow</td><td>41620%</td>

<td>Bacteria, Black</td><td>-100%</td>

Example 2: Reduction of the surface microflora of stone fruit [0062] This example illustrates the percentage change of beneficial and harmful microorganisms in the stone fruit microflora and after LUNA Sensation treatment (SC 500 formulation of 21.4 wt% fluopyram and 21.4 wt% trifloxystrobin) in a ratio of 1: 1). Multiple applications were made from March to July in an amount of 935 liters per hectare, with a sprayer with an auxiliary air stream; the collected fruits were washed, the washes were diluted in the range from 1: 1 to 1: 1000 and were sown on selective media; incubation and colonies identified and counted colony forming units on apricots 6 days later. The samples can be described as follows:

Dziewicza 38 WG:

[0063] Virgin containing 280 g ai / ha (185 g / ha boscalid and 94 g / ha pyraclostrobin) was used in the following terms: 6/3/10, 12/3/10, 2/4/10, 23/4 / 10, 14/5/10, 12/6/10, 3/7/10, 20/7/10, 13/8 / 10,4 / 9 / 10,25 / 9/10.

Early LS:

[0064] Luna Sensation 500 SC containing 183 g ai / ha (91 g / ha fluopyram and 91 g ha trifloxystrobin) was used in the following terms: 6/3/10, 12/3/10, 2/4/10, 23 / 4/10, 14/5/10, 12/6/10.

Late LS [0065] Luna Sensation 500 containing 183 g ai / ha (91 g / ha fluopyram and 91 g ha trifloxystrobin) was used in the following terms: 3/7/10, 20/7/10, 13/8/10, 4 / 9/10, 25/9/10.

LS full:

[0066] Luna Sensation 500 SC containing 183 g ai / ha (91 g / ha fluopyram and 91 g ha trifloxystrobin) was used in the following terms: 6/3/10, 12/3/10, 2/4/10, 23/4/10, 14/5/10,

12/6/10, 3/7/10, 20/7/10, 13/8/10, 4/9/10, 25/9/10.

Table 2

<td></td><td>untreated</td><td>untreated</td><td>Early LS</td><td>Early LS</td><td>LS full</td><td>LS full</td><td>Untouched</td><td>Untouched</td><td>LS late</td><td>LS late</td>

<td>Solution</td><td>1: 1</td><td>1: 1</td><td>1: 1</td><td>1: 1</td><td>1: 1</td><td>1: 1</td><td>1: 1</td><td>1: 1</td><td>1: 1</td><td>1: 1</td>

<td>Aureobasidium</td><td>212.5</td><td>335</td><td>530</td><td>242.5</td><td>542.5</td><td>607.5</td><td>767.5</td><td>105</td><td>315</td><td>272.5</td>

<td>Rodtorula</td><td>30.75</td><td>24.5</td><td>41.25</td><td>7.5</td><td>51,75</td><td>61.25</td><td>61.5</td><td>32,25</td><td>50.75</td><td>44.5</td>

<td>Cladosporium</td><td>28.75</td><td>28.5</td><td>30.25</td><td>L25</td><td>14.75</td><td>34.5</td><td>35.25</td><td>10.75</td><td>33.5</td><td>11.75</td>

<td>Alternaria</td><td>0.5</td><td>1.75</td><td>1.75</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0.75</td><td>1.25</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1.25</td>

<td>Botrytis</td><td>0.75</td><td>0</td><td>0.25</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0.25</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td>

<td>Coniothyrium</td><td>0</td><td>l</td><td>0.25</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0.25</td><td>0.5</td><td>0</td>

<td>Penicillinum</td><td>0.5</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0.25</td><td>0.5</td><td>0</td>

<td>Monilinia</td><td>0.25</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0.25</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0.25</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td>

<td>fusarium</td><td>0.75</td><td>1.25</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0.25</td><td>0</td><td>0.5</td><td>1.25</td><td>0.5</td>

<td>Rhizopus</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0.25</td><td>0</td>

<td>A. flavus</td><td>º</td><td>0.5</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td>

<td>A. niger</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0.75</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0.25</td><td>0.25</td><td>0</td><td>0</td>

<td>Epicoccum</td><td>0.25</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0.25</td><td>0</td><td>0</td>

<td>Other yeast</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0.25</td><td>0.25</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0.5</td>

<td>Remaining and unknown</td><td>0.25</td><td>0.25</td><td>1.33</td><td>0.25</td><td>0.25</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0.25</td>

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