Bipolar overvoltage battery pulser and method

SUMMARY

The present invention refers to devices and methods for increasing the lifespan of batteries accumulated in cycles and their capacities. Not wishing to be bound by theory, we are talking about the bipolar over-voltage pulsator of the battery and the techniques of the invention that maintain the battery capacity and increase the lifetime of the battery.

In one aspect, the invention describes a bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator with the features described in claim 1.

In an embodiment of the invention, the bipolar generator of the over-voltage battery pulsator is configured in the microcontroller. In another embodiment of the invention, the bipolar pulse generator of the battery pulsator has a positive pulse generator that generates a positive pulsed voltage and a negative pulse generator that generates a negative voltage pulse. In yet another embodiment of the invention, the pulse generator has a inverter switch position changing and the generator generates voltage pulses and the inverter switch position alternately transmits the voltage pulse without changing and changes the pulse rate and the unloaded pulse is positive while the changed voltage pulse is pulse. negative.

In one embodiment of the invention, the positive pulse voltage drivers and the negative pulsed bi-voltage overvoltage voltage of the battery pulsator are equipped with a pulse shaper and time generator, so that the section bar and generator are configured to convert the pulsating voltage to the shape of the pulsating voltage wave.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the positive voltage amplifier and the negative voltage amplifier are amplified by positive and negative voltage pulsating waves. In some other embodiments of the invention, the voltage amplifier amplifies pulsed voltage waves.

In particular, the period of wave rise and decay may be about one third of the rest time.

In some embodiments, the amplitude of the positive pulse for at least one positive pulse voltage and the negative pulse amplitude for at least one

The negative pulse EP 2567445 is larger than the battery rated voltage, for example at least twice as high as the battery rated voltage.

In an embodiment of the invention, the frequency of pulse wave pulse changes is such that the pulse width of at least one positive pulse and the pulse width of at least one negative pulse are greater than the rest time.

In another embodiment of the invention, the bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator also includes a controller and a measuring device measuring the battery voltage. According to this embodiment of the invention, the controller identifies the state of the battery using its voltage and, based on it, activates a bipolar over-voltage pulsator.

In one embodiment of the invention, the bipolar overvoltage accumulator is for use with an acid-lead battery. In other embodiments of the invention, the bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator supports other types of batteries (e.g., non-lead acid batteries).

In some embodiments, the bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator of the invention is directly integrated into the battery.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the method according to claim 16 for treating a plurality of batteries, each of which has a bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator of the invention includes a step of controlling each of the bipolar over-voltage battery pulsators so that no more than one bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator provides voltage at the same time.

In one embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the features of claim 16.

In another embodiment of the invention, the method may further include a step of amplifying the positive voltage pulse wave and a negative voltage pulse wave or, in another embodiment of the invention, amplifying the voltage pulse wave to which the combined amplification of the positive voltage pulse and the negative voltage pulse is applied.

In some embodiments, the method's effective step consists of steps of generating a voltage pulse and processing a voltage pulse, alternating a transmitted voltage pulse and an inverted voltage pulse wherein the transmitted voltage pulse is either a positive or negative pulse and the inverted voltage pulse is either a positive pulse or negative.

In some embodiments, the step of converting the method consists of steps of forming positive and negative pulses respectively into a positive shape and the shape of the negative voltage pulse and time distribution of the positive shape and the shape of the negative pulse voltage into the positive voltage pulse wave and the negative voltage pulse wave.

Other aspects and embodiments will become apparent after reviewing the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the invention itself is described in detail in the claims appended hereto.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN DRAWINGS

Having already described the invention, we will briefly refer to the drawings accompanying the description, which are not necessarily drawn up on an identical scale, and of which:

FIG. 1 is a graphical representation comparing the exemplary cycle of the over-voltage pulse attached to the poles of the battery in accordance with the present invention as compared to the density of ions in the electrochemical cell;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the implementation of a bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3A illustrates an electrical diagram reflecting the microcontroller performance of a bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator of the present invention;

FIG. 3B illustrates an electrical scheme reflecting the embodiment of the bipolar voltage controller of a battery pulsator of the present invention;

- EP 2567445

FIG. 3C illustrates an electrical diagram reflecting the embodiment of a voltage amplifier and a bipolar voltage distributor of a battery pulsator overvoltage from the present invention;

FIG. 3D illustrates an electrical diagram reflecting the implementation of the bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator of the present invention, consisting of a microcontroller, a voltage controller and a voltage amplifier;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the implementation of the bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator of the present invention integrated with a battery;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the invention with a plurality of bipolar over-voltage battery pulsators integrated with a corresponding number of batteries;

FIG. 6 is a graphical representation showing the discharge time of a battery treated in accordance with an embodiment of the invention in comparison with a discharge time of a battery that has not been so treated; and

FIG. 7 is a graphical representation of the discharge times in relation to the number of cycles of charging / discharging the battery for the treated battery in accordance with an embodiment of the invention compared to discharging times in relation to the number of cycles of charging / discharging the battery that has not been subjected to such treatment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, showing some but not all of its embodiments. Preferred embodiments of the invention may be described herein, but the invention may be made in many other forms and should not be viewed as being limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are here to make this disclosure complete and complete and fully convey the scope of the invention to those who are proficient in the art. The embodiments of the invention should not be construed as limiting the invention. Similar numbers correspond to similar elements throughout the description.

The single forms "any", "some" and "this" used in the specification and appended claims contain a reference to plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, the reference to "battery" includes a reference to many such batteries.

It is also to be understood that comparative terms such as "preceding" or "following after" or the like may be used herein to describe the ratio of one element to another, as shown in the Figures. It is understood that comparative terms are meant to include a number of different layouts of elements beyond the arrangement of the elements illustrated in the Figures. It is understood that such concepts may be used to describe the mutual positions of an element or elements of inventions and are not intended, unless the context clearly indicates the opposite, limitations.

The embodiments of the present invention are described herein with reference to various perspectives, including perspective views schematically representing idealized embodiments of the present invention. As would be appreciated by a person of ordinary skill in the field to which this invention belongs, deviations or modifications illustrated in the Figures of shapes can be expected in the practical use of the invention. Such derogations and / or modifications may be the result of manufacturing techniques, design changes and the like, and as such are intended to be included in the scope of the invention described further in the appended claims.

Although specific terms are used here, they are used only in the original and descriptive sense and not the purpose of limitation. All terms used herein, including

- technical and scientific terms have the usual meaning for someone of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs, as long as the term is not defined separately. It is also understood further that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having meaning convergent with their meaning in the context of the respective art and present disclosure. Such commonly used terms will not be interpreted in an idealistic or excessively formal sense, unless this disclosure explicitly specifies.

The invention described herein relates to a bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator. The bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator generally consists of a generator generating positive voltage pulses and negative voltage pulses, a pulse voltage controller converting positive and negative voltage pulses into positive and negative wave voltage pulses, a pulse voltage distributor which combines positive and negative wave voltage pulses and applies them to Suitable battery poles and, optionally, an amplifier that can amplify positive and negative wave voltage pulses or wave voltage pulses.

In one embodiment of the invention, the pulse generator can be configured with a microcontroller. In another embodiment of the invention, the pulse generator consists of a positive pulse generator and a negative pulse generator. In yet another embodiment of the invention, the pulse generator has a inverter switch position that alternately processes the voltage pulse into positive and negative pulses. Without intending to limit the range of applications, the device invented is particularly useful for increasing battery life and increasing the capacity of the battery to maintain its capacity.

After application of voltage impulses on the electrodes of the battery cell, there will be a change in the potential between the electrochemical solution and the electrodes. In all chemical systems, for example, without intending to be limited only to an acid lead battery, there will be a tendency to change the equilibrium.

Violation of the existing equilibrium, for example by triggering a change in the electrode potential, will change the ratio of the ionic density of the electrochemical solution to the ratio of the ionic density of the electrode surface layer until the next equilibrium is reached. The rest time is defined as the time needed for the system to achieve a new balance. The constant of rest time, which is characterized by the change in the ratio of ionic densities in time is determined by the specific dielectric constant divided by the proper electrical conductivity, both of which are the features of an electrolytic solution.

The positive voltage impulse applied to the electrochemical system, the pulse type A, is determined by the pulse rise time, which refers to the time of the necessary leading edge of the voltage pulse to the transition from the moment of pulse start to the moment when the peak reaches the maximum peak.

If the increase time of the type A pulse is less than the rest time of the electrochemical system, the electrochemical system exerts an overvoltage and the ionic density ratio will change, assuming a new value during the rest time, according to the newly applied potential difference, according to the Boltzmann distribution law from the equation (1). A positive voltage pulse causing overvoltage in the electrochemical system will cause the ratio of the ionic density of the electrochemical solution to the ionic density of the electrode surface layer to increase until the positive impulse is subtracted, allowing the electrochemical system to return to its original equilibrium.

And vice versa, overvoltage can also be applied using a negative voltage pulse, or a B type pulse that has reverse polarity to a positive voltage pulse, i.e. an A type pulse. When applying a B type pulse, the ionic density ratio will drop, but at the end of the B pulse the ratio of ionic density will return to the previous value according to the Boltzmann distribution law from equation (1). The rise time of the negative pulse refers to the time needed for the edge of the falling pulse from the beginning where the impulse

- 2525445 begins to change, more or less until the impulse is no longer applied. If the rise time of the falling edge of the negative voltage pulse is lower than the rest time of the system, then the electrochemical system operates with overvoltage.

It was found that when similar positive voltage pulses or high frequency A pulses are applied to the electrochemical system one after the other, less overvoltage is obtained from the second pulse due to the ratio of the ionic density of the electrochemical solution to the ionic density. surface layer can not return to equilibrium. It was also discovered that this "memory effect" can be avoided by attaching a negative voltage impulse, a B-type pulse, between two positive voltage pulses, type A pulses, which are alternately applied to the battery electrodes.

Not wanting to limit ourselves to the theoretical description, the application of the B-type impulse acts as a "reset" for the effects of applying a B-type pulse and vice versa, preventing the "memory effect" from being created. It was also found that the "waiting time" or the rest time after the end of the pulse can be increased, which also entails the desired effects in the form of extending the time in which the electrochemical system remains imbalanced.

Faster rise times of the leading edge of the positive voltage pulse and the edge of the falling negative voltage impulse will increase the overvoltage range that can be applied to the battery. Overvoltage applied to the battery will then be applied with higher frequency pulses, which will result in an even longer time for the electrochemical system to remain in an imbalance state.

In the equilibrium conditions, nothing happens - i.e. there is no net change effect of the electrochemical system. Changes can be caused in the system by breaking the balance and applying the overvoltage impulses between the electrode and the "cloud" of the surrounding ions. The result is an overvoltage period with an increased value of the electric field affecting the ion cloud, which in greater numbers and with increased energy will be attracted to the electrodes. At the same time, the diffusion force or resultant ion withdrawal from the electrode will be weaker than the electric field.

Due to the higher speed and energy of ions with attached ions of opposite polarity, these attached ions will lose, which will result in an increase in their own speed and energy. High energy ions, for example positive hydrogen ion H2⁺ from a divided water molecule it can penetrate crystalline structures that may have developed on the negative electrode. In a non-limiting example, in the case of an acid lead battery, a positive hydrogen ion can penetrate the PbSO4 lead sulfate crystal layer that could form on the negative electrode and dissolve the crystalline layer to form sulfuric acid H2SO4 thereby completing the electrochemical solution and leaving clean lead on the electrode.

In the next non-limiting example, the negative oxygen ion from the divided water molecule will affect the PbO2 lead oxide crystal buildup on the positive electrode. Without wishing to limit themselves to the theory, less energy is required to make existing crystals grow; and thus a more even distribution with more lead dioxide crystals is obtained on the cathode. Here, under the conditions created by the invention, the "birth rate" of new crystals increases proportionally depending on the applied overvoltage.

FIG. 1 is a graphical representation comparing the cycle of overvoltage pulses applied to the poles of the battery to the ratio of ionic density of the electrochemical cell. Continuous line 10 is the rated voltage of the battery, curve 12 is the ratio of ionic density and 14, 16, 18 overvoltage states applied to the electrochemical cell. The increase in the number of positive and negative voltage pulses represents Tr and the rest time constant Tc.

In an acid lead battery, for example, the growth of lead sulphate crystals on the negative electrode and the smaller number of lead dioxide crystals on the positive lead may result in a reduction of the battery life. It was also discovered that the reduction of the memory effect increases with the application of overvoltage and impulse amplitude

- overvoltage which also contributes to the battery life increase. By repeatedly applying a positive impulse to the electrodes of the accumulator, which introduces the battery into an overvoltage condition followed by applying a negative voltage pulse to the electrodes of the battery, which introduces a similar overvoltage state that counteracts the effects of the previous overvoltage, the battery memory effect and battery capacity are realized. energy collection. In some embodiments of the invention, the service life (lifetime) of the battery can be increased by a factor of from 1.7 to 2.2 as shown in a graph of the life-span growth counted in the cycles in FIG. 7. For example, in an embodiment of the invention, the method of the present invention as applied to a bipolar over-battery pulsator according to the present invention increases battery life in cycles of about 10% compared to a similar battery in which the present invention has not been applied. In a further embodiment, the bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator according to the present invention increases battery life in cycles of approximately 50%. In a further embodiment, the bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator according to the present invention increases the battery life in cycles by up to approximately 70%. In a further embodiment, the bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator according to the present invention increases the battery life in cycles by up to approximately 120%. In a further embodiment, the bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator according to the present invention increases the battery life in cycles by up to about 200%. In a further embodiment, the bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator according to the present invention increases battery life in cycles by up to approximately 250%.

In other embodiments, the method of the present invention, such as that used in the bipolar over-energy pulsator of the present invention, retains a battery capacity of at least about 10% higher than the remaining capacity of a similar battery to which the invention was not applied. In a further embodiment of the bipolar over-voltage pulsator, the battery retains a battery capacity of at least about 50% higher than the remaining capacity of a similar battery to which the invention was not applied. In yet another embodiment of the bipolar over-voltage pulsator, the battery retains a battery capacity of at least about 100% higher than the remaining capacity of a similar battery to which the invention was not applied.

In some embodiments of the invention, a pulsing cycle increasing the battery life in cycles and / or allowing it to retain its capacity can be invoked by a device or apparatus called a bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the embodiment of a bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator 1. In this illustrative embodiment of the invention, the bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator 1 consists of a pulse generator 20 producing positive and negative pulse voltage. In this exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2 pulse generator 20 is configured in microcontroller 22, which additionally consists of an analog-to-digital converter (AD) 24, voltage monitoring 26, on / off control system. 28.

FIG. FIG. 3A is an electrical diagram representing the embodiment of a bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator 1 equipped with a microcontroller 22 implementing a pulse generator 20. The microcontroller 22 of this embodiment is a 8-bit microcontroller based on the RISC architecture. The microcontroller 22 may include a number of features needed to support the configuration and implementation capabilities of the pulse generator 20, including - but

- 25, not limited to, CPU [Central Computational Unit - Processor]; work registers; non-volatile memory segments that can contain - without limiting only to - program flash memory, EEPROM and input / output buffers; timers / counters; oscillator; ADC channels; serial interface; ADC conversion and interruption. The voltage of the VCC digital power supply to the microcontroller 22 is supplied from a 5 volt power supply 100 and a power inductor 102. The power supply to the analog 24 digital converter is supplied with a 5 volt power supply 104, which can be the same as a 5-volt power source 100 or another 5-volt power source and a second inductor 106. The reset 108 input is provided by Port C PC6.

In another embodiment of the invention, the pulse generator 20 can generate positive voltage pulses and negative voltage pulses due to the circuit arrangement. Positive voltage and negative voltage impulses can be used to create any system known to the user.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the pulse generator generates voltage pulses and the alternating inverter switch alternately converts the voltage pulses into unstable voltage pulses and inverted voltage pulses. Unstable voltage pulses are either positive or negative voltage pulses, and reversed voltage pulses are the second type of voltage pulse from the previous positive and negative voltage pulse pair.

As also shown in FIG. 2, the positive pulse voltage controller 32 converts the positive voltage pulse into a positive voltage pulse wave 34. Similarly, the negative pulse voltage controller 36 converts the negative voltage pulse 34 into a negative voltage pulse wave. The wave of the positive voltage pulse 34 and the wave of the negative voltage pulse 38 are generally described by pulse cycle frequency, pulse width, pulse amplitude, rising edge time of the leading positive pulse, and rising edge time of the falling negative pulse.

In some embodiments, the positive pulse voltage controller 32 and the negative pulse voltage controller 36 each separately shape the required time for the positive voltage pulse waves 34 and the negative voltage pulse 38. In an embodiment of the invention, either or both of the positive pulse voltage controller 32 and the negative pulse voltage controller 36 include a pulse profile and time generator (not shown). The pulse profile and time generator are configured to convert the pulsed voltage into a pulse voltage wave.

FIG. 3B illustrates an electrical scheme illustrating the implementation of the bipolar pulse generator 120 of the battery pulsator 1, in which the positive pulse voltage controller 32 and the negative pulse voltage controller 36 are made as integrated circuit 122. Positive voltage pulses 110 and negative 112 are respectively applied to the Input Logic Unit High HIN and Logic Unit of the Lower LIN Input of the integrated circuit. The integrated circuit 122 is powered by a 12-volt power source 124 whose current limits the resistor 126. An automatic circuit consisting of diode 128 and self-acting capacitor 130 is used to power the high-voltage part of the integrated circuit 122. The voltage wave designation 132 is provided by the integrated circuit 122 at OUT output. The waves of the positive voltage pulse 134 and the negative voltage pulse 136 are reflected by the integrated circuit 122, respectively, at the high side output of the HVG controller and the low side output of the LVG controller. Sometimes the rise for the high and low side of the controller can be controlled by the charge delivered by the capacitor.

According to other embodiments of the invention, the positive voltage pulse and negative voltage pulse controllers can be implemented in a separate configuration, such as, for example, by means of separate integrated circuits.

As further shown in FIG. 2 positive voltage pulse wave and negative voltage pulse wave can be amplified using a positive voltage amplifier 40 and

The voltage of the power supply 44 must be sufficient for the amplified positive voltage of the voltage pulse and the negative voltage pulse to exceed the battery voltage.

The waves of the positive voltage pulse 46 and the negative voltage pulse 48, whose signals have been amplified, are connected to a pulse voltage wave 52 in the pulse voltage distributor 50 or in the circuit of the pulse voltage distributor. Distributor of the pulse voltage 52 connects a voltage wave 52 which is a combination of the waves of the positive voltage pulse 46 and the negative voltage pulse 48 to the battery poles.

FIG. 3C is an electrical diagram showing the embodiment of a positive voltage amplifier 40, negative voltage amplifier 42 and a pulse voltage distributor 50 bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator showing the output 140 of a bipolar over-voltage pulsator battery.

In another embodiment of the invention, the cities amplify the positive impulse voltage wave and the negative impulse voltage wave, amplify the pulse voltage wave 52 itself (not shown). In yet another embodiment of the invention, the positive voltage pulse controller 32 and the negative voltage pulse driver 36 are configured to provide the required gain of the positive pulse voltage wave and the negative pulse voltage waveform so that no additional gain is required.

FIG. 3D illustrates an electrical diagram showing the embodiment of a bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator of the present invention consisting of a microcontroller 22 providing a positive pulse voltage and a negative pulse voltage to the pulse voltage controller 120. The pulse voltage controller 120 at the output 140 outputs a positive pulse voltage wave and a negative bi-polar pulsed voltage wave over-voltage battery pulsator. The amplified and connected impulse voltage waves from the output 140 are connected to the battery poles.

According to FIG. 1 rise times of the positive and negative voltage pulse voltage connected to the battery poles are shown as Tr. The time constant of rest, which determines the time required by the ionic density ratios to return to equilibrium, was designated as Tc. The pulse width for positive and negative voltage pulses is shown as Tw. The time between the beginning edge of the positive pulse and the starting edge of the negative pulse is Ta-b. The period of reciprocal pulse repetition was designated Ta-a. Controllers of positive voltage pulses 32 and negative voltage pulses 36 are configured to create a positive pulsed voltage wave 34 and a negative impulse voltage wave 38, wherein the rise time of the leading edge of the positive pulsed voltage wave 34 and the rise time of the edge of the falling negative pulsed voltage wave are shorter than the constant of the rest time for the electrochemical cell. In some embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed voltage wave and the edge of the descending negative pulsed voltage wave are configured to be at most 1/2 of the fixed rest time. In a further embodiment of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed voltage wave and the edge of the descending negative pulsed voltage wave are configured to represent at most 1/3 of the fixed rest time. In some embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed voltage wave and the edge of the falling negative pulsed voltage wave are configured to represent at most 1/4 of the fixed rest time. In some embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed voltage wave and the edge of the descending negative pulsed voltage wave are configured to represent at most 1/8 of the fixed rest time. In some embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed voltage wave and the edge of the descending negative pulsed voltage wave are configured to be at most 1/10 of the fixed rest time. In other embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed wave to be at most 1/4 of the fixed resting time. In some embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed voltage wave and the edge of the descending negative pulsed voltage wave are configured to represent at most 1/8 of the fixed rest time. In some embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed voltage wave and the edge of the descending negative pulsed voltage wave are configured to be at most 1/10 of the fixed rest time. In other embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed wave to be at most 1/4 of the fixed resting time. In some embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed voltage wave and the edge of the descending negative pulsed voltage wave are configured to represent at most 1/8 of the fixed rest time. In some embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed voltage wave and the edge of the descending negative pulsed voltage wave are configured to be at most 1/10 of the fixed rest time. In other embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed wave to be at most 1/8 of the fixed resting time. In some embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed voltage wave and the edge of the descending negative pulsed voltage wave are configured to be at most 1/10 of the fixed rest time. In other embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed wave to be at most 1/8 of the fixed resting time. In some embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed voltage wave and the edge of the descending negative pulsed voltage wave are configured to be at most 1/10 of the fixed rest time. In other embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed wave

The voltage and the edge of the falling negative impulse voltage wave differ from each other, but both are configured to be shorter than the fixed rest time.

In other embodiments of the invention, the rise time of the initial edge of the positive pulsed voltage wave and the rise time of the edge of the falling negative pulsed voltage wave are shorter than the rest time of the electrochemical cell. In some embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed voltage wave and the edge of the descending negative pulsed voltage wave are configured to be at most 1/2 of the fixed rest time. In a further embodiment of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed voltage wave and the edge of the falling negative pulsed voltage wave are configured to represent at most 1/3 of the rest time. In some further embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed voltage wave and the edge of the falling negative pulsed voltage wave are configured to represent at most 1/4 of the rest time. In some other embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed voltage wave and the edge of the falling negative impulse voltage wave are configured to represent at most 1/8 of the rest time. In still other embodiments of the invention, the rise times of the starting edge of the positive pulsed voltage wave and the edge of the falling negative pulsed voltage wave are configured to represent at most 1/10 of the rest time.

In an embodiment of the invention, the frequency of the pulse cycles is maximized and yet should be lower than that which would allow the impulses to pulse the positive voltage pulse and the negative voltage pulse wave. In some embodiments, the pulse cycling frequency ranges from about 30 kHz to about 100 kHz, resulting in periods of about 10 to about 35 microseconds.

In one embodiment of the invention, the duration of the pulse exceeds the rest time. According to an embodiment of the invention, the duration of the pulse is at least 5 times the rest time. In another embodiment of the invention, the duration of the pulse is at least 10 times the rest time. In yet another embodiment of the invention, the duration of the pulse is at least 20 times the rest time. In yet another embodiment of the invention, the duration of the pulse is at least 30 times the rest time. In a further embodiment of the invention, the duration of the pulse is at least 40 times the rest time. In a further embodiment of the invention, the duration of the pulse is at least 50 times the rest time. In a further embodiment of the invention, the duration of the pulse is at least 100 times the rest time.

The time between the initial edge of the positive pulse and the initial edge of the negative pulse is a fraction of the period. In an embodiment of the invention, the amount of time between the initial edge of the positive pulse and the starting edge of the negative pulse is chosen such that the pulses of the positive and negative voltage pulses do not overlap. According to one embodiment of the invention, the time between the initial edge of the positive pulse and the initial edge of the negative pulse is at least 1/4 of the period. In another embodiment of the invention the time between the beginning edge of the positive pulse and the starting edge of the negative pulse is at least 1/3 of the period. In yet another embodiment of the invention the time between the initial edge of the positive pulse and the initial edge of the negative pulse is at least 1/2 of the period.

In order to obtain an overvoltage of the amplitude of the positive and negative voltage pulses, the voltage should exceed the battery voltage. In an embodiment of the invention, the amplitudes of the positive and negative voltage pulses of the voltage pulses are at least 10% higher than the battery voltage. In another embodiment of the invention, the amplitudes of the positive and negative waves

The voltage pulses are at least 20% higher than the battery voltage. In another embodiment of the invention, the amplitudes of the positive and negative voltage pulses of the voltage pulses are at least 50% higher than the battery voltage. In another embodiment of the invention, the amplitudes of the positive and negative voltage pulses of the voltage pulses are at least 100% higher than the battery voltage. In another embodiment of the invention, the amplitudes of the positive and negative voltage pulses of the voltage pulses are at least 150% higher than the battery voltage. In another embodiment of the invention, the amplitudes of the positive and negative voltage pulses of the voltage pulses are at least 200% higher than the battery voltage.

In some embodiments, the pulse amplitude for positive voltage pulses and negative voltage pulses ranges from about 75% to about 125% higher than the battery voltage. In another embodiment of the invention, the pulse amplitude for positive voltage pulses and negative voltage pulses ranges from about 80% to about 120% higher than the battery voltage. In another embodiment of the invention, the pulse amplitude for positive voltage pulses and negative voltage pulses ranges from about 90% to about 110% higher than the battery voltage. And in yet another embodiment of the invention, the pulse amplitude for positive voltage pulses and negative voltage pulses is about twice the battery voltage.

In some embodiments, the pulse amplitudes for positive voltage pulses and negative voltage pulses are different. In still other embodiments of the invention, pulse duration and amplitude for positive voltage pulses and negative voltage pulses are adjusted to allow the highest possible overpotential on the battery and / or lead to the largest increase in battery life in cycles.

In one embodiment of the invention, the measuring device provides a battery voltage measurement and feedback measurement to a controller that is configured to reset the pulse amplitude settings for positive and negative voltage pulses delivered from a bipolar overvoltage battery pulsator to achieve the desired overvoltage value or desired overvoltage range.

In some embodiments, the bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator may also include a controller and a measuring device that provides battery voltage measurements. Battery voltage measurement can be used by the controller to identify and determine the battery status. For example, when the battery voltage is below a certain value, the controller can be programmed logically to identify that the battery is in a state to be charged. If the battery voltage exceeds a certain value, it can be programmed logically to identify that the battery is in a charged state. It is also possible to configure other states / identifications based not only on the battery voltage, but also the direction and / or speed of changing the battery voltage. Other measurements can be assigned to determine the state, such as, for example, battery temperature measurement. The controller can be configured to enable or disable the bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator based on the battery status identified by the controller based on voltage measurements and / or other measurements.

A bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator can be a stand-alone device, not integrated directly with a specific battery. In other embodiments of the invention, a bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator may be integrated with the battery. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention showing a bipolar over-voltage accumulator pulsator integrated in the battery. This exemplary embodiment of the invention provides a bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator 1 designed to fit into the structure of an acid-free battery 200. The bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator 1 is isolated from the lead-acid battery electrolyte 200, e.g. using a physical barrier such as plastic. In this exemplary embodiment, bipolar

EP 2567445 the over-voltage battery pulsator is connected, internally, to the positive terminal of the battery 202 and the negative pole of the battery 204.

Although this exemplary embodiment represents a bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator 1 integrated with the lead-acid battery 200, the use of a bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator is not limited to this type of battery. The bi-polar over-voltage battery pulsator can also be used for and / or integrated with other types of batteries. In one embodiment of the invention, the method and apparatus described in the invention may be treated with a lead-acid battery.

The phenomena on which the device and method described in the invention are based are also suitable for the treatment of other types of batteries than lead-acid batteries, and which accumulators would improve the energy storage capacity and improve the overall battery life after application of the device and methods of the invention. Of course, the specification of pulses and other parameters associated with the device and method of the invention for these other types of batteries could be adapted to the characteristics of the materials that are typical of these other types of batteries. Thus, in another embodiment of the invention, the method or device of the invention can be used to treat other types of batteries (i.e., non-lead-acid accumulators).

FIG. 5 is an embodiment of the invention illustrated by a block diagram showing how many bipolar over-voltage battery pulsators can be integrated with the corresponding number of batteries in a single power source or battery pack. Each of the batteries 320, 322, 324, 326 of the battery pack 310 has a corresponding two-pole overvoltage battery pulsator 310, 312, 314, 316. The batteries 320, 322, 324, 326 of the battery pack 310 are charged by a charger 330. Two-pole over-voltage pulsators of the battery 310 , 312, 314, 316 are equipped with a 340 controller. The 340 controller turns on and off the next bipolar over-voltage pulsators of the battery 310, 312, 314, 316 during their operation with the batteries 320, 322, 324, 326 making sure

Another aspect of the invention provides a method of increasing battery life counted in cycles and / or allowing the battery to maintain capacity. An embodiment of the invention includes a method of treating a battery using a bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator according to the invention.

Another aspect of the invention provides a method for treating multiple batteries within a battery pack, each of which has a bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator according to the invention, comprising controlling the bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator in such a way that no more than one bipolar over-voltage battery pulsator applies overvoltage to the battery. once.

One embodiment of the invention uses a method that includes providing a positive voltage pulse and negative voltage pulse wave and attaching an alternating positive voltage pulse wave and a negative voltage pulse wave to the battery poles. According to this embodiment, this method additionally consists of combining a positive voltage pulse wave and a negative voltage pulse wave into a pulsating voltage wave and connection

- this impulse voltage wave to the battery poles. In some embodiments, the positive pulse voltage wave consists of a single positive pulse voltage wave and the negative pulse voltage wave consists of a single negative pulse voltage wave.

In another embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises a wave gain of positive pulse voltage and a negative pulse voltage wave. In yet another embodiment, the method includes a voltage pulse gain additionally, or as an alternative to amplifying positive and negative impulse voltage waves.

In another embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises generating pulsed voltage. Further, in accordance with this embodiment of the invention, the pulse voltage can consist of one or a combination of positive and negative voltage pulses.

In another embodiment of the invention, the generation of a pulsed voltage consists of generating pulsed voltage and its treatment alternately to the form of further pulsed voltage and inverted pulse voltage, in which process the transmitted voltage is either a positive or a negative voltage pulse and the inverted voltage pulse is the second from positive and negative voltage pulse pair.

In another embodiment of the invention, the generation of a pulsed voltage comprises the formation of positive and negative impulse voltage into respectively positive and negative voltage shapes and their distribution in time and distribution, so that positive and negative voltage forms respectively create a positive and a negative pulse voltage wave.

FIG. 6 provides a graphical representation of the discharge time of a lead acid battery being processed in accordance with the method and / or device 400, compared to the discharge time of the lead acid battery 410. As the graph shows, the amount of time needed to discharge the acid battery has been extended by more than 150% by using the method and / or device of the invention, resulting in an increased effective battery capacity.

FIG. 7 provides a graphical representation of the discharge time relative to the number of charging / discharging cycles for a leaded acid battery being processed according to the method and / or device 420, compared to discharge time relative to the charging / discharging cycles for a lead acid battery that has not been subjected to such treatment 430. The graph shows that the lifespan of a lead-acid battery treated in accordance with the method and / or the device of the invention has been extended by approximately 1.7 to 2.2 times compared to a lead-acid battery not subjected to such treatment.

Although these tests show that the device and method of the invention are effective in prolonging the life and increasing capacity of lead acid batteries, the theory relating to the principles of the invention also applies to other, non-lead acid accumulators, the non-exclusive examples of which are given herein.

LEGAL WAREAW LAW "BELLEPAT"

Izabela Szychulska-ilauiranKk ul Słowackiego 44, 37-700 Praeoi.śl tel. (016) 702-37-77 fax: (016) 675-72-87 tel tel, (0608) 503-081 e-maii <a href="mailto:fcellepat@op.pl">fcellepat@op.pl</a> NIP: 795-207-16-72 REGON: 1803505 (6

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EP 2567445